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Home , Alexander Doyle, Avard Fairbanks, Chauncey Ives, Ethan Allen (Mead), Father Damien (Escobar), Hall of Columns

National Statuary Hall Collection APRIL 2017

National Statuary Hall Collection

A Pocket Guide CAPITOL

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A Message from the Speaker of the House One thing that makes the Capitol unique—so iconic—is that it is a working museum. Every day here, history is made and preserved for future generations. Nothing better embodies this idea than the National Statuary Hall Collection. These statues of our heroes and pioneers, carefully chosen by each state, tell the story of our and inspire us as we build our future. Everyone has his or her favorite statues. Mine include of , the scientist known as ”the man who saved a billion lives.” There’s also of , the first woman ever elected to Congress. And there’s “Fighting Bob” La Follette of my home state of , whose statue I pass every day on the way to my office. This collection started in our old House Chamber; now it spans the whole building. So I hope you and your family will use this brochure to explore and find the statues from your state. Enjoy, and welcome to the Capitol.

Sincerely,

Paul D. Ryan Speaker of the House 1 National Statuary Hall A Historical Introduction

s set forth in its founding legislation, the pioneer. The concept of the National Statuary National Statuary Hall Collection honors Hall Collection originated with Congress’s plan Amen and women who are “illustrious for their to reappropriate the Hall of the House, which historic renown.” Each statue in this gathering for 50 years served as the meeting place of the of teachers, legislators, peacemakers, warriors, United States House of Representatives. Soaring inventors, and explorers—whether well known rhetoric and titanic clashes had been heard in or less familiar—represents a brave and ambitious the stately, marble-columned room during the

2 arguments over the Compromise hallowed spot.” Morrill’s proposal became (1819–1820) and the Wilmot Proviso (1846), law in 1864, and each state was invited to the House career of contribute two statues to the newly established (1831–1848), and the great debates about National Statuary Hall. As America grew, the slavery and the growth of the nation. With National Statuary Hall Collection expanded, the completion of the House wing eventually becoming too large and too heavy in 1857, however, the Representatives moved to be contained in Statuary Hall. Thus, some to a larger chamber, leaving behind a vacant of the statues were relocated to other areas space with no obvious purpose. of the Capitol.

In 1864 Representative Justin Morrill of Today the 100 statues in the National Statuary declared the historic hall “an unappropriated Hall Collection are on display in the Capitol and waste . . . draped with cobwebs, and carpeted Capitol Visitor Center. Visitors will find these with dust, tobaccos and apple pomace— works of art to be a source of and a conspicuous nuisance.” He proposed its use beauty as well as a commemoration of leaders as a gallery to honor great Americans, urging whose achievements have helped shape the his fellow congressmen to assemble “the glories United States. of the past, civil, military and judicial—in one

3 4 symbol for “water.” at awater when sherecognizedpump, the took herfirst stepsa brilliant in career causes.and deaf Blind fromshe childhood, 20th century,many championing humanitarian Keller was oneofthegreat reformers ofthe Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Bronze, 2009 Edward Hlavka 1880–1968

| Social Reformer

ALABAMA 5

Soldier, Statesman Soldier, | Joseph 1836−1906 Berthold Nebel 1923–1925 Bronze, Hall Statuary “Fighting Joe” Wheeler became a powerful a powerful became Wheeler Joe” “Fighting Civil the War. unity after of national symbol House, in the U.S. decades During his two to strove general Confederate the former North and South. between heal the breach 6 joined the Union in 1959. in the Union joined wonto election theU.S.Senate whenAlaska A longtime territorialdelegate, Bartlett toskills publicize thecase for statehood. Alaska’s “FoundingFather House Connecting Corridor House Connecting Bronze, 1971 1904−1968 Edward Lewis “Bob”Bartlett | Journalist, Statesman used his reportorial” usedhis ALASKA 7 Journalist, Statesman Statesman Journalist, | George Anthonisen George 1977 Bronze, Level Upper Center, Visitor Capitol ErnestGruening 1887−1974 As Alaska’s territorial governor, Gruening Gruening governor, territorial Alaska’s As and the crucial Alcan statehood lobbied for state’s of the as one then served and Highway journalist, former A Senators. U.S. two first opposing the by career his Senate he risked War. Vietnam 8 independence, Goldwater, known for hiscandor and reformsU.S. in civil-military relations. sponsored legislationthat instituted major campaign. Asafive-term U.S. Senator, healso conservatism withhis1964presidential Statuary Hall Bronze, 2014 Deborah Copenhaver Fellows 1909–1998 Goldwater Barry | Statesman launched the revival ofAmerican ARIZONA 9

Missionary | Suzanne Silvercruys Suzanne 1964 Bronze, Hall Emancipation Center, Visitor Capitol Eusebio F. Kino F. Eusebio 1645−1711 to permanent settlements. settlements. permanent to Father Kino explored and mapped more and mapped more Kino explored Father the American miles of square than 50,000 that myth the disproved He Southwest. an island. established The Jesuit was led that missions and rancherias numerous 10 of theSenate. colleagues to bethepresident maverickthe popular was chosenby his urban workers. Despite notorioushis temper, promotedto policies protect agricultural and As governor later and as aU.S.Senator, Clarke Capitol Visitor Center, Upper Level 1917−1921 Marble, Pompeo Coppini 1854−1916 James Paul Clarke | Statesman pro tempore

ARKANSAS 11 Lawyer, Statesman Statesman Lawyer,

| Statuary Hall Statuary Uriah M. Rose Uriah M. 1834−1913 Ruckstull Frederic 1917 Marble, A leader of the state bar, Rose published Rose bar, leader of the state A of the president and was commentaries legal also a U.S. was He Association. Bar American Congress Peace Hague the Second to delegate in 1907. 12 CALIFORNIA is adorned with his statue. withhis is adorned he lay statein the same in rotunda that today term president. Followingdeath his in2004, American ideas thattwo- made him apopular had an Nicknamed Rotunda Bronze, 2009 FaganChas 1911−2004 RonaldWilson Reagan engaging manner and confidence in

| “ Statesman The Great Communicator,” Reagan

CALIFORNIA 13 Missionary |

Ettore Cadorin Ettore 1930 Bronze, Hall Statuary Junipero SerraJunipero 1713−1784 As a leader of the “Sacred Expedition,” Serra Serra Expedition,” “Sacred of the a leader As missions at California first Spain’s founded Revolution. of the American about time the outposts of nine religious Among this string San Juan Capistrano, San Francisco, were and San Diego. 14 of theColorado medical system. Laws,Health Sabin led to amajor reform Her mostof Sciences. influential work, the the first woman in theNationalAcademy wasSabin aleader medicalin research and Hall of Columns of Columns Hall Bronze, 1958 Joy Buba 1871−1953 Sabin Florence | Physician

COLORADO 15

Astronaut | Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Emancipation Center, Visitor Capitol John “Jack” Swigert “Jack” John 1931−1982 Lundeen and Mark George 1997 bronze, Painted Swigert was one of three astronauts aboard aboard astronauts of three one was Swigert transformed disaster Apollo 13 when mechanical fight a legendary into Earth to return crew’s the he died Congress, to elected Later survival. for office. take could he before 16 people anda Compromise” proposalfor aHouseofthe and theConstitution. His “Connecticut signed boththeDeclarationof Independence of theRevolution,”Sherman, a “Pillar Constitutional Convention. Crypt Marble, 1870 Chauncey Ives 1721−1793 |

Statesman Senate ofstates saved the CONNECTICUT 17

Statesman

| House Connecting Corridor Jonathan 1710−1785 Ives Chauncey 1869 Marble, A member of the colonial elite, Trumbull Trumbull elite, colonial of the member A many and surprised as governor served independence. He American backing by was the only colonial governor to be elected be elected to governor the only colonial was governor. state 18 of Delaware. served asaU.S.Senator andaschief justice the Atlanticjoining and PacificOceans. He also beganwhich quest thelong toa canal build 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty Greatwith Britain, As Secretary of State, Clayton negotiated the CongressionalAuditorium Atrium, Upper Level Capitol Visitor Center Marble, 1932 Bryant Baker 1796−1856 John Clayton |

Statesman

DELAWARE 19

Statesman

| Bryant Baker Bryant 1932 Marble, Crypt Caesar 1728−1784 Rodney showed his dedication to the the to his dedication showed Rodney 80 when he rode cause Revolutionary miles through the night to reach the reach to night the miles through the he broke There Congress. Continental in favor delegation deadlock in Delaware’s Britain. Great of independencefrom 20 system that made ice. also malaria patientsof his through anair-cooling He reduced heat andmoisture in therooms summer bearable, began withJohnGorrie. the inventionAir conditioning, that made Statuary Hall Marble, 1913 Pillars Charles A. 1803−1855 John Gorrie |

Physician, Inventor FLORIDA 21

Soldier |

Capitol Visitor Center Center Visitor Capitol Level Lower Atrium, Auditorium Congressional Edmund 1824−1893 Charles A. Pillars 1917 Bronze, When the Union navy gained control of the control gained Union When the navy Smith General Confederate River, west. the to territory virtually ruled the force Confederate the last was His command surrender. to 22 womenhis wife. including inchildbirth, surgery.it in He eventuallyused itto help anesthetic effect of ether, experimenting with A quiet country doctor, discoveredLong the Crypt Marble, 1926 J. Massey Rhind 1815−1878 Long Crawford |

Physician GEORGIA 23

Statesman | Statuary Hall Statuary H. Stephens Alexander 1812−1883 Borglum Gutzon Marble, 1926−1927 Early in his career in the U.S. House, Stephens Stephens House, in U.S. the in his career Early between tensions moderate to worked opposed He and Southern states. Northern the Union but agreed from secession Georgia’s vice president. as the Confederate serve to 24 He eventuallysuccumbed to leprosy himself. and sanitationfacilities for thecolonists. providingmedical care, schools, housing, to acolony on .He spentlife his ministered to lepers banished Hall of Columns of Columns Hall Bronze, 1968 EscobarMarisol 1840−1889 Father Damien

| Missionary

HAWAII 25

Monarch | Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Emancipation Center, Visitor Capitol KamehamehaI 1758−1819 Thomas Gould after Curtis and Ortho Fairbanks, C. P. with gilt, 1968 Bronze of trade, after years of bloody civil war. years after of trade, Ruthless in war and just in peace, King in peace, and just Ruthless in war Islands the Hawaiian united Kamehameha possiblemade time. He the first the for and the opening laws of common introduction 26 tax andthedirect election ofSenators. he ledtheSenate fight for a federal income Committee from 1923 to 1933. Earlier chaired thepowerful Foreign Relations A brilliant orator, the “DeanofSenate” Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Bronze, 1946 Bryant Baker 1865−1940 WilliamBorah

| Statesman

IDAHO 27 Statesman

| Frederick Triebel Frederick 1909 Marble, Hall Statuary George Shoup George 1836−1904 Shoup’s campaign for Idaho statehood made Idaho statehood for campaign Shoup’s popular politician in territory. the him the most the Union, the people When Idaho entered as the legislature just him governor elected serve Shoup chose to Senator. hima U.S. made in the Senate. 28 the Mexican War. foughthe also theBlackHawk in War and A brigadier generalWar,the Civil during three states: , Illinois, and Missouri. wasShields U.S. theonly Senator to represent Hall of Columns Hall Bronze, 1893 1806−1879 James Shields

| Soldier, Statesman

ILLINOIS 29

Social Reformer Social

| Statuary Hall Statuary Frances 1839−1898 Mears Helen 1905 Marble, Willard’s Women’s Christian Temperance Temperance Christian Women’s Willard’s of alcohol the scourge Union combated banner “Do abuse. Everything,” Under the inspired movement world-famous her social justice. for agitate millions to 30 one to preserve it.” establishnation,”this hedeclared,is worth “it War.Civil “Ifitwas worth struggle abloody to to Morton’s powerthe during and popularity a week ofLincoln’s first call for troops, testifying Governor Morton mustered 6,000 men within Hall of Columns Hall Marble, 1900 Charles Niehaus 1823−1877 Oliver Hazard Morton |

Statesman

INDIANA 31 Soldier, Author Author Soldier,

| Statuary Hall Statuary Lewis Wallace Lewis 1827−1905 O’Connor Andrew 1910 Marble, Ben Hur, Ben tale, classic adventure “Lew” Wallace’s was on film. twice Wallace immortalized was who defended also the Union general raids. Confederate from D.C., and , 32 IOWA CongressionalMedal forGold Borlaughimself. stricken nationsand aNobelPeace Prize and genetics ledto greater cropfamine- yieldsin lifeof his agriculture.in Hiswork in plant Borlaug grew onafarm up and spent most Statuary Hall Bronze, 2014 Benjamin Victor 1914−2009 Borlaug E. Norman

| Scientist, Humanitarian IOWA 33 Statesman |

Hall Columnsof Samuel Jordan Kirkwood Jordan Samuel 1813−1894 Vinnie Ream 1913 Bronze, Kirkwood was one of the great Civil War Civil War one of the great was Kirkwood thanregiments 50 more raised He governors. crushed growing and swiftly of Union troops Following in the state. sentiment pro-slavery Senate. in the U.S. served Kirkwood the war, 34 presidentWar andCold leader. two-termopen mannermadehimapopular Nazi occupation.Eisenhower’s engaging and went to on liberate Western Europe from at World Normandy during War II.Hisforces “Ike” commanded invasionAllied thebold Rotunda Bronze, 2003 Jim Brothers 1890−1969 Dwight D. Eisenhower

| Soldier, Statesman KANSAS 35

Journalist, Statesman Journalist, | Charles Niehaus Marble, 1903−1904 Hall Statuary James John 1833−1900 career, he served as president pro tempore as president served he career, of the Senate. Ingalls rose to prominence as an anti-slavery an anti-slavery as prominence to rose Ingalls a seat won He Territory. in the Kansas editor being elected before legislature in the state the pinnacle of his At Senate. the U.S. to 36 and theCompromise of1850. brokeringCompromise the Missouri of1820 bridged thegrowingchasm by sectional and thenasaU.S.Senator. Clay tirelessly nationalchampioned as HouseSpeakerunity The charismatic ofthe West” “Harry Statuary Hall Bronze, 1928 Charles Niehaus 1777−1852 Clay Henry

| Statesman KENTUCKY 37

Physician |

Ephraim Ephraim McDowell 1771−1830 Charles Niehaus 1928 Bronze, Capitol Visitor Center Center Visitor Capitol Upper Level Atrium, Auditorium Congressional McDowell advanced the practice of abdominal of practice the advanced McDowell of without the benefit Operating surgery. an impressive he cured anesthesia, adequate president including future of patients, list Polk. K. James 38 his state’shis andhighways. schools Senator. A hero to the poor, he modernized a powerfulgovernor andanoutspoken U.S. itscitizens serving of Louisiana, boss as was Kingfish” theflamboyant political“The Statuary Hall 1938−1940 Bronze, Charles Keck 1893−1935 Huey Pierce Long | Statesman

LOUISIANA 39

Jurist, Statesman Jurist, |

Edward Douglass White Douglass Edward 1845−1921 Morgan Arthur 1954 Bronze, Capitol Visitor Center, Upper Level Upper Center, Visitor Capitol of the United States. He was widely admired widelyadmired was He States. of the United collegiality fostering skill at his political for high on the bench of the court. White, a former U.S. Senator, served as an served Senator, U.S. a former White, justice as chief and then justice associate 40 Lincoln’s first vice president. a governor before asAbrahambeing chosen served asaU.S.Representative, aSenator, and An outspoken opponent ofslavery, Hamlin Statuary Hall Bronze, 1933 Charles Tefft 1809−1891 Hamlin Hannibal

| Statesman MAINE 41 Statesman

| William King William 1768−1852 Simmons Franklin 1877 Marble, House Connecting Corridor King led the long battle to separate Maine from from Maine separate to longKing led the battle Maine’s elected he was In 1820 . governor. state first 42 and theU.S.Senate. legislature, and was amember of the Independence, spent 23 years thestate in families, Carrollsigned theDeclaration of fromHailing oneofMaryland’s most prominent Crypt Bronze, 1902 Richard Brooks 1737−1832 Carroll Charles

| Soldier, Statesman

MARYLAND 43

Statesman |

Richard Brooks 1902 Bronze, Hall Columnsof John 1715−1783 Hanson was elected the first presiding presiding the first elected Hanson was under the of Congress president, or officer, soldiers raised He of Confederation. Articles army Washington’s George for and troops in the of his colleagues the respect and won Congress. Continental 44 MASSACHUSETTS broader resistancethe other colonies.in protestand his oftheBoston Massacre, ignited His local efforts, suchastheBoston Tea Party plotted early acts ofdefiance against Britain. Father of theAmerican“The Revolution” Crypt Marble, 1876 1722−1803 |

Statesman

MASSACHUSETTS 45

Statesman

| Hall Columnsof John 1588−1649 Richard Greenough 1875 Marble, Winthrop hoped the “Puritan experiment” hoped the “Puritan Winthrop in America would “be as a Citty vpon a Hill.” a Hill.” vpon “be as a Citty would in America A longtime governor of the Massachusetts Massachusetts of the governor longtime A Bay Colony, he built many of ’s England’s of New he built many Colony, Bay traditions. enduring political most 46 wouldexist their in territories. inhabitantsdecide whether should slavery of Popular Sovereignty,” heargued that local and Secretary of War. Known as “theFather Cass served asterritorialgovernor, U.S.Senator, Statuary Hall Marble, 1888 FrenchDaniel 1782−1866 |

Statesman MICHIGAN 47

Statesman | Gerald R. Ford Jr. Jr. R. Ford Gerald 1913−2006 Grill Brett J 2011 Bronze, Rotunda President for less than three years, “Jerry” Ford Ford “Jerry” years, than three less for President over he earned and affection used the trust in Representatives the House of decades two a diminished presidency. to luster restore to 48 MINNESOTA representing thenew state the in U.S.Senate. legislationfor Minnesota statehoodbefore As a territorialdelegate, he wrote the with theWinnebago andtheOjibwa peoples. Rice was aprominent trader negotiator and Statuary Hall 1913−1916 Marble, Frederick Triebel 1816−1894 Mower Rice Henry | Statesman, Trader

MINNESOTA 49

Educator |

Evelyn Raymond Evelyn 1958 Bronze, Hall Emancipation Center, Visitor Capitol Maria L. SanfordMaria 1836−1920 suffrage. woman at the before pursuing pursuing before Minnesota of University the at and advocating projects humanitarian A beloved teacher and lecturer, Sanford was was Sanford and lecturer, teacher beloved A a collegiate attain to women one of the first decades two for She taught professorship. 50 MISSISSIPPI to become president oftheConfederacy. Later he resigned from theU.S.Senate and theconstructionof itscurrent dome. oversaw theexpansionof theU.S. Capitol asSecretaryWhile serving of War, Davis Statuary Hall Bronze, 1928 Augustus Lukeman 1808−1889

| Soldier, Statesman

MISSISSIPPI 51

Statesman |

Lukeman Augustus 1928 Bronze, Center Visitor Capitol Level Lower Atrium, Auditorium Congressional James Z. George Z. James 1826−1897 During his U.S. Senate career, George helped helped George career, Senate U.S. During his and Act Sherman Anti-Trust shape the of the Agriculture the “Father called was Colleagues and constituents Department.” defender as a formidable him best knew of states’ rights. of states’ 52 MISSOURI few advocates Union from aborder state. five terms, Benton wasamong the also West. Oneofthe first Senators to serve coinage and expansionmoney” into the “OldBenton Bullion” “hard championed Statuary Hall 1895−1899 Marble, 1782−1858 Benton Hart Thomas | Statesman

MISSOURI 53

Soldier, Statesman Soldier, | Francis Blair Jr. Blair Francis 1821−1875 Doyle Alexander Marble, 1895−1899 Hall Columnsof A former slave owner who rejected slavery, slavery, rejected who owner slave former A in the Civil forces Guard” “Home Blair raised Missouri in kept leadership His military War. his wealth eroded the Union, but the conflict in Congress. his career and undercut 54 MONTANA of war1941. in on Japan to thedeclaration oppose U.S.entry into WorldWar I andwas theonly A devotedHouse. pacifist, she voted against became the first woman elected to theU.S. In 1916, before women hadthevote, Rankin Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Bronze, 1985 Terry Mimnaugh 1880−1973 Jeannette Rankin

| Stateswoman MONTANA 55

Artist | John Weaver Bronze, 1957−1958 Hall Statuary Charles Russell Marion 1864−1926 The man who recorded the vanishing frontier frontier the vanishing recorded The man who in painting and was born to wealth, wealth, born to was and sculpture in painting Russell’s be a cowboy. only to but he wanted and wrangler as an itinerant experience him made that the work hand inspired ranch famous. world 56 teaching evolutionin schools. rejected entry into World War I, andopposed supporters“Cross withhis speech, ofGold” toHe electrified silverthe people. champion and oratoricalas apresidential skills candidate religious joined faith Great Commoner” “The Statuary Hall 1936−1937 Bronze, EvansRudulph 1860−1925 WilliamJennings Bryan | Statesman

NEBRASKA 57

Statesman | Capitol Visitor Center, Upper Level Upper Center, Visitor Capitol J. Sterling J. Morton 1832−1902 Rudulph Evans Bronze, 1936−1937 For years, Morton encouraged fellow fellow encouraged Morton years, For plains. bare on the trees plant to Nebraskans led states, many by This adopted idea, on April 22, celebrated now Arbor Day, to birthday. Morton’s

1844−1891 | Author, Educator

Raised in Paiute and European traditions, Winnemucca became a passionate advocate for Native culture. She gathered her many lectures into the first book

NEVADA published by a Native American woman.

Benjamin Victor Bronze, 2005 Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall

58 59

Statesman |

Hall Columnsof Patrick A. McCarran Patrick 1876−1954 Jacobson Yolande 1959 Bronze, McCarran served as chief justice of the Nevada of the Nevada justice as chief served McCarran he authored Senate, Court. In the U.S. Supreme home the Cold War secure to laws sweeping communism. of domestic fears from front 60 New the Revolutionaryduring England War. initiative helped foileffortthe British to isolate soldiers wintheBattle ofBennington.His outmaneuver the enemy American helped Stark’s uncannyto ability anticipate and Crypt Marble, 1894 Conrads Carl 1728−1822 John Stark |

Soldier

NEW HAMPSHIRE 61

Statesman | Marble, 1893−1894 Hall Statuary Daniel 1782−1852 Webster defended the Constitution and the Constitution defended Webster preserve to as he fought nationalism American famous A the Civil War. the Union before his principles in the halls argued he orator, Court, and the Supreme before of Congress, State. of as Secretary 62 was ablow to theNorth. War.Civil Thedeathgifted ofthis commander swordtroops hand,ledUnion in the during charismaticthis officer, reinsteeth in and Years after an arm the Mexicanin losing War, Hall of Columns Hall Bronze, 1873 KirkeHenry Brown 1814−1862 Kearny Philip

| Soldier

NEW JERSEY 63

Statesman

| Crypt Richard Stockton Richard 1730−1781 Brown Henry Kirke 1874 Marble, As a new member of the Continental of the Continental member a new As Congress, Stockton signed the Declaration signed the Declaration Stockton Congress, British hands into fell of Independence. He treatment and the harsh in less than a year, ruined his health. permanently he received 64 Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Marble, 2005 FraguaCliff colonists. Therevol rebellionever mounted against European of 1680, themost successfulNative American P 1688 1630−c. Po autonomy for nearly two centuries. o’pay, a religious leader, led the Pueblo Revolt ’pay

| Religious Leader, Statesman t ’ s legacy preserved Pueblo NEW MEXICO 65

Statesman |

Dennis Chavez Dennis 1888−1962 Weldon de Felix 1966 Bronze, Senate Wing, Floor Second Senate Chavez was the first Hispanic American to serve serve to Hispanic American first the was Chavez and the in both the Houseof Representatives he in Congress, years 31 During his Senate. and defended labor practices fair lobbied for minorities. of ethnic the rights 66 New York’s prosperity. a strong federal government wouldthreaten under the pen name “Cato,” warning that Nonetheless,the Constitution he opposed and generalthe in Revolutionary War. Governor Clinton was asteadfast patriot Senate SecondFloor Wing, Bronze, 1873 KirkeHenry Brown 1739−1812 George Clinton

| Statesman, Soldier

NEW YORK 67

Statesman |

Erastus Palmer Erastus 1874 Bronze, Crypt Robert Livingston R. 1746−1813 Livingston witnessed the birth and growth the birth and growth witnessed Livingston of the new nation. He helped draft the helped draft He nation. of the new in George swore Independence, of Declaration and helped president, first as the Washington which the Louisiana Purchase, negotiate size. doubled the nation’s 68 constructing nearly 2,000 andlibraries.schools North Carolina’seducation public system, progress.of social As governor, he transformed Aycock believedwere schools the cornerstone Crypt 1929−1932 Bronze, Charles Keck 1859−1912 Brantley AycockCharles | Statesman

NORTH CAROLINA 69 Statesman |

Statuary Hall Statuary Zebulon Vance Baird Zebulon 1830−1894 Borglum Gutzon 1916 Bronze, As a Civil War governor and military leader, leader, and military governor a Civil As War supporter but reluctant a loyal remained Vance Senate, U.S. In the postwar of the Confederacy. helped him build bridges his Union sympathies the North and the South. between 70 was reducing corruptionin state politics. to protectgreatestbut his the public, legacy governor’s office. new He championed laws for Progressive programsthe way all to the “Honestrode John” awavesupport of popular Statuary Hall Bronze, 1962 1859−1937

| Statesman

NORTH DAKOTA 71 Explorer |

Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Emancipation Center, Visitor Capitol c. 1788−1812 Sakakawea back, son on her Carryinginfant her and thousands of miles with the Lewis traveled their credited The explorers Clark expedition. presence Sakakawea’s to in part return safe as a translator. Crunelle Leonard after Atelier, Bronze Arizona 2003 Bronze, 72 utilities, motion pictures,motion utilities, and recorded music. the development ofelectric light andpower electric light Hisinnovations bulb. fueled equipment to most his famous creation, the everythingfrom fruitpreserving andmining Edisonheld more patents than athousand for Protean inventor andindustrialist, Thomas Statuary Hall Bronze, 2015 Alan Cottrill 1847–1931 AlvaThomas Edison

| Inventor

OHIO 73

Soldier, Statesman Statesman Soldier, | James A. Garfield A. James 1831−1881 Charles Niehaus Marble, 1884−1885 Rotunda To the nation’s horror, Garfield was Garfield was horror, nation’s the To became he after months just assassinated the to log cabin from career His president. teaching,House included preaching, White soldiering, legislating. and 74 met theboat.” on theMayflower,” Rogersthey said,“but culture. “Myancestorscome didn’t over shrewd observationsAmericanabout humorist usedearly mass mediato make Born to aCherokee mother, cowboy this House Connecting Corridor House Connecting Bronze, 1938 1879−1935 WillRogers

| Journalist, Entertainer

OKLAHOMA 75

Linguist Linguist | 1770−1843 Zolnay J. George and Vinnie Ream 1917 Bronze, Hall Statuary Convinced that the English “talking leaves” leaves” the English “talking that Convinced devised his people, Sequoyah benefit would quickly adopted. was that alphabet a Cherokee culture Cherokee preserve both to It served missionary efforts. Christian ease and to 76 Institute, now Willamette University. Territory. There he foundedthe Oregon advocate for thecreationof the Oregon PacificNorthwest, where he became a leading Lee led anearly Methodistto mission the Statuary Hall Bronze, 1952 Gifford Proctor 1803−1845

| Missionary, Statesman OREGON 77

Merchant | John McLoughlin John 1784−1857 Proctor Gifford 1952 Bronze, Center Visitor Capitol Level Lower Atrium, Auditorium Congressional McLoughlin, the manager of Pacific Northwest Northwest of Pacific McLoughlin, the manager aid extended British interests, for outposts despite pioneers American to and hospitality him called settlers U.S. rivalry. Anglo-American his generosity. for of Oregon” the “Father 78 an American icon. commerce. The steamboat ultimately became transformed rivers into highways oftravel and successfulAmerican steamboat. Hisinnovation Fulton madehistorythe first when hebuilt Statuary Hall Marble, 1883 Howard Roberts 1765−1815 Fulton Robert |

Inventor

PENNSYLVANIA 79

Clergyman, Soldier, Statesman | John P. G. Muhlenberg P. John 1746−1807 Blanche Nevin 1884 Marble, Crypt up arms for American independence, eventually independence,eventually American up arms for the Revolution, After a general. becoming hero the war elected voters Pennsylvania Congress. to The “Fighting Parson” left the pulpit to take take the pulpit to left Parson” The “Fighting 80 from numerically forces. superiorBritish War liberated Georgia Carolina andSouth on thebattlefieldthe Revolutionary during general.England Greene’s tactical skills The “Saviorwas ofthe South” aNew Crypt Marble, 1869 KirkeHenry Brown 1742−1786 |

Soldier

RHODE ISLAND 81

Minister, Statesman Minister, | Franklin 1870 Marble, Hall Columnsof Roger c. 1603−1683 being Island Rhode after Williams founded Bay the Massachusetts banished from views. religious his controversial for Colony on “soul compromise to had refused He which called freedom, or religious liberty,” and state. of church a separation for 82 president, and asSecretary of War. houses ofCongress, inboth serving as vice antebellum orator influenced U.S.policy, attempted to keepintact. theUnion The fought for interests Southern whilehe A fierce proponent ofstates’ rights, Calhoun Crypt Marble, 1909 Frederic Ruckstull 1782−1850 John Calhoun C. | Statesman SOUTH CAROLINA 83

Soldier, Statesman Statesman Soldier, | Wade Hampton Wade 1818−1902 Ruckstull Frederic 1929 Marble, Center Visitor Capitol Level Lower Atrium, Auditorium Congressional Born to an immensely wealthy slave-owning slave-owning an immensely wealthy Born to South became hero war the Confederate family, popular politician. Hampton’s most Carolina’s him catapulted Reconstruction opposition to Senate. U.S. the and office the governor’s into 84 saving acres 22 million for schools. five western statesfor applied statehood, Congress later requiredwhen plans similar preventing them from off beingsold cheaply. constitutionpreserved bylands school Beadle’s provisionDakotain theSouth Statuary Hall Bronze, 1911 H. DanielWebster 1838−1915 WilliamH. Beadle | Educator

SOUTH DAKOTA 85

State Founder, Educator Founder, State | Bruno Beghé 1963 Marble, Hall Emancipation Center, Visitor Capitol Joseph Ward Joseph 1838−1889 Ward petitioned Congress for South Dakota South Dakota for Congress petitioned Ward constitution, the state drafted statehood, God Under motto, the state and composed Yankton also established Rule. He the People of its kind in the institution first the College, upper Mississippi Valley. 86 against thewealthy elite. the national bank, defending the common man the War of1812. As president, he struck down he routed forces British at during “Old becameHickory” a national hero when Rotunda Bronze, 1927 Belle Kinney andLeopoldScholz 1767−1845 JacksonAndrew | Soldier, Statesman

TENNESSEE 87 Soldier, Statesman Soldier, | Belle Kinney and Leopold Scholz Belle Kinney 1931 Bronze, Hall Statuary John 1745−1815 Sevier is known for his Revolutionary War War his Revolutionary for is known Sevier In less than an hour Mountain. King’s at victory than larger was that he subdueda British force one became his. The popular frontiersman of Tennessee, state the new of of the architects governor. serving as its first 88 of northern of northern Mexico. to attract settlers to thevast, empty stretches derived from family’s his successfulefforts the Texas Revolution.Austin’s role was Anglo-American settlersthe years in before Father of Texas”“The was theleader of the Hall of Columns of Columns Hall Marble, 1904 1793−1836 Stephen Austin | Statesman

TEXAS 89

Soldier, Statesman Soldier, | Elisabet Ney Elisabet 1904 Marble, Hall Statuary Sam 1793−1863 Houston abandoned a brilliant career in career abandoned a brilliant Houston eventually with the Cherokee, live to Tennessee leader military key A westward. wandering as he served Revolution, during the Texas and, after of Texas the Republic of president Senator. as a U.S. its statehood, 90 with 100 componentsdesign. ofhis Farnsworth died,televisionswere equipped and project electronicimages. By the time student whenhe devisedsystem his to transmit Father of Television”“The was school ahigh Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Bronze, 1990 James Avati 1906−1971 Philo T. Farnsworth | Inventor

UTAH 91

Statesman, Religious Leader Leader Religious Statesman, | Mahonri Young 1947 Marble, Hall Statuary Brigham 1801−1877 Young took command of the Mormon faithful of the Mormon command took Young after their founder was murdered and led murdered was their founder after (present-day Deseret to a mass migration and practicality leadership Young’s Utah). a prosperous wilderness into the transformed community. religious 92 VERMONT of theAmerican Revolution. Ticonderogathe first in offensive action the Green MountainBoys, captured Fort and orator, ragtagAllen andhis militia, founders. A hard-drinking philosopher Allen was oneofVermont’s most colorful Statuary Hall 1874−1875 Marble, Larkin Mead 1738−1789 | Soldier

VERMONT 93

Statesman | Jacob 1791−1865 Powers Preston 1879 Marble, Hall Columnsof Noted for his thinking clear and wisdom, for Noted to rose Socrates” Mountain the “Green and then government in his state prominence a Senator, Representative, as a U.S. served general. and a postmaster 94 stillstudied today. forces, werewhich outnumbered, usually are tacticsbold ascommander ofthe Confederate commanddeclining army. oftheUnion His defend VirginiaWar,the Civil during reluctantly Torn between state and country, Lee chose to Crypt Bronze, 1909 Edward Valentine 1807−1870 Lee E. Robert | Soldier VIRGINIA 95

Soldier, Statesman Soldier, | William Hubard, after Jean Antoine Houdon Antoine Jean William Hubard, after 1909 Bronze, Rotunda George 1732−1799 “Theof His Country” yielded, twice Father reins the nation’s than seized, rather of power. After the Revolution, Washington Washington Revolution, the After of power. two and after leader, as military resigned private to he returned as president, terms farmer. as a gentleman life 96 WASHINGTON PacificNorthwest. hospitals,schools, andorphanages the in helped construct dozens ofmissionary life of theconvent. and Shedesigned led her farskills away from thecloistered Mother Joseph’s architectural andbuilding Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall Bronze, 1980 Felix de Weldon 1823−1902 Mother Joseph

| Architect, Missionary

WASHINGTON 97 Missionary, Physician Physician Missionary, | Avard Fairbanks Avard 1950 Bronze, Hall Statuary Marcus 1802−1847 Whitman and his wife, Narcissa, ministered ministered Narcissa, and hisWhitman wife, during early their Americans Native to Northwest. in the Pacific missionaryyears the the region, to came settlers more As and medical providing Whitmans turned to migrants. weary to spiritual care 98 in the Democraticin Party. untimely deathpromising cutshorthis career timber industrieshome state. his in Kenna’s Senator, he crafted laws toand spurthemining Westin Virginia. As a Representative and a KennaU.S. championed economic progress Hall of Columns Hall 1897−1901 Marble, Alexander Doyle 1848−1893 JohnKenna E. | Statesman

WEST VIRGINIA 99

Statesman Statesman | Francis H. PierpontH. Francis 1814−1899 Simmons Franklin 1903 Marble, Hall Statuary At the outbreak of the Civil War, Pierpont Pierpont the Civil of War, outbreak the At Virginia. in government up a pro-Union set a new out he carved governor, provisional As and portions of Virginia the loyal from state Virginia.” of West Father “the became 100 WISCONSIN spokesman for isolationism. As a U.S.Senator, he became a leading shifted power from party machines to voters. Movement. LaFollette’s “WisconsinIdea” a politicallaid framework for the Progressive “Fightingwas Bob” the reforming governor who Statuary Hall Marble, 1928 Jo Davidson 1855−1925 M.LaFolletteRobert | Statesman WISCONSIN 101 Explorer, Missionary Explorer, | Gaetano Trentanove Gaetano 1895 Marble, House Connecting Corridor Jacques Marquette Jacques 1637−1675 Father Marquette plied the Mississippi River by by plied the Mississippi River Marquette Father settlement. French for opening the way canoe, the upper river, chart to European The first recorded features, geographic he chronicled land and claimed for customs, American Native the French. 102 in U.S.in history. 1870,in shebecame the first woman judge When she was appointed justice ofthepeace and equitable property rights for women. Morris was anearly proponent ofsuffrage Hall of Columns of Columns Hall Bronze, 1958 Avard Fairbanks 1814−1902 Morris Esther Hobart

| Suffragist, Jurist

WYOMING 103

Warrior, Peacemaker Warrior, | Dave McGaryDave 2000 bronze, Painted Hall Emancipation Center, Visitor Capitol Washakie c. 1800−1900 when the warrior a young was Washakie during a chaotic him as chief Shoshone selected with U.S. period. His policy coexistence of and stability. peace relative brought settlers honor his military to named was Washakie Fort the Sioux. against cooperation

Index by Honoree

Adams, Samuel 44 Clay, Henry 36 Hamlin, Hannibal 40 Allen, Ethan 92 Clayton, John 18 Hampton, Wade 83 Austin, Stephen 88 Clinton, George 66 Hanson, John 43 Aycock, Charles Brantley 68 Collamer, Jacob 93 Houston, Sam 89 Bartlett, Edward Lewis “Bob” 6 Damien, Father 24 Ingalls, John James 35 Beadle, William H. H. 84 Davis, Jefferson 50 Jackson, Andrew 86 Benton, Thomas Hart 52 Edison, Thomas Alva 72 Joseph, Mother 96 Blair, Francis, Jr. 53 Eisenhower, Dwight D. 34 25 Borah, William 26 Farnsworth, Philo T. 90 Kearny, Philip 62 Borlaug, Norman E. 32 Ford, Gerald R., Jr. 47 Keller, Helen 4 Bryan, William Jennings 56 Fulton, Robert 78 Kenna, John E. 98 Burke, John 70 Garfield, James A. 73 King, William 41 Calhoun, John C. 82 George, James Z. 51 Kino, Eusebio F. 9 Carroll, Charles 42 Goldwater, Barry 8 Kirkwood, Samuel Jordan 33 Cass, Lewis 46 Gorrie, John 20 La Follette, Robert M. 100 Chavez, Dennis 65 Greene, Nathanael 80 Lee, Jason 76 Clarke, James Paul 10 Gruening, Ernest 7 Lee, Robert E. 94 Livingston, Robert R. 67 Rogers, Will 74 Trumbull, Jonathan 17 Long, Crawford 22 Rose, Uriah M. 11 Vance, Zebulon Baird 69 Long, Huey Pierce 38 Russell, Charles Marion 55 Wallace, Lewis 31 Marquette, Jacques 101 Sabin, Florence 14 Ward, Joseph 85 McCarran, Patrick A. 59 Sakakawea 71 Washakie 103 McDowell, Ephraim 37 Sanford, Maria L. 49 Washington, George 95 McLoughlin, John 77 Sequoyah 75 Webster, Daniel 61 Morris, Esther Hobart 102 Serra, Junipero 13 Wheeler, Joseph 5 Morton, J. Sterling 57 Sevier, John 87 White, Edward Douglass 39 Morton, Oliver Hazard 30 Sherman, Roger 16 Whitman, Marcus 97 Muhlenberg, John P. G. 79 Shields, James 28 Winnemucca, Sarah 58 Pierpont, Francis H. 99 Shoup, George 27 Willard, Frances 29 Po’pay 64 Smith, Edmund Kirby 21 Williams, Roger 81 Rankin, Jeannette 54 Stark, John 60 Winthrop, John 45 Reagan, Ronald Wilson 12 Stephens, Alexander H. 23 Young, Brigham 91 Rice, Henry Mower 48 Stockton, Richard 63 Rodney, Caesar 19 Swigert, John “Jack” 15