National Statuary Hall Collection APRIL 2017 National Statuary Hall Collection A Pocket Guide UNITED STATES CAPITOL First Floor Second Floor 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Hall of Columns 3 House Connecng Corridor 5 Rotunda 2 Crypt 4 Statuary Hall 6 Senate Wing UNITED STATES CAPITOL First Floor Second Floor 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 Hall of Columns 3 House Connecng Corridor 5 Rotunda 2 Crypt 4 Statuary Hall 6 Senate Wing CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER Upper LevelLower Level Congressional Auditorium Atrium 3 2 4 1 1 Entrance 3 Upper Level 2 Emancipaon Hall 4 Lower Level CAPITOL VISITOR CENTER Upper LevelLower Level Congressional Auditorium Atrium 3 2 4 1 1 Entrance 3 Upper Level 2 Emancipaon Hall 4 Lower Level A Message from the Speaker of the House One thing that makes the Capitol unique—so iconic—is that it is a working museum. Every day here, history is made and preserved for future generations. Nothing better embodies this idea than the National Statuary Hall Collection. These statues of our heroes and pioneers, carefully chosen by each state, tell the story of our past and inspire us as we build our future. Everyone has his or her favorite statues. Mine include Norman Borlaug of Iowa, the scientist known as ”the man who saved a billion lives.” There’s also Jeannette Rankin of Montana, the first woman ever elected to Congress. And there’s “Fighting Bob” La Follette of my home state of Wisconsin, whose statue I pass every day on the way to my office. This collection started in our old House Chamber; now it spans the whole building. So I hope you and your family will use this brochure to explore and find the statues from your state. Enjoy, and welcome to the Capitol. Sincerely, Paul D. Ryan Speaker of the House 1 National Statuary Hall A Historical Introduction s set forth in its founding legislation, the pioneer. The concept of the National Statuary National Statuary Hall Collection honors Hall Collection originated with Congress’s plan Amen and women who are “illustrious for their to reappropriate the Hall of the House, which historic renown.” Each statue in this gathering for 50 years served as the meeting place of the of teachers, legislators, peacemakers, warriors, United States House of Representatives. Soaring inventors, and explorers—whether well known rhetoric and titanic clashes had been heard in or less familiar—represents a brave and ambitious the stately, marble-columned room during the 2 arguments over the Missouri Compromise hallowed spot.” Morrill’s proposal became (1819–1820) and the Wilmot Proviso (1846), law in 1864, and each state was invited to the House career of John Quincy Adams contribute two statues to the newly established (1831–1848), and the great debates about National Statuary Hall. As America grew, the slavery and the growth of the nation. With National Statuary Hall Collection expanded, the completion of the present House wing eventually becoming too large and too heavy in 1857, however, the Representatives moved to be contained in Statuary Hall. Thus, some to a larger chamber, leaving behind a vacant of the statues were relocated to other areas space with no obvious purpose. of the Capitol. In 1864 Representative Justin Morrill of Vermont Today the 100 statues in the National Statuary declared the historic hall “an unappropriated Hall Collection are on display in the Capitol and waste . draped with cobwebs, and carpeted Capitol Visitor Center. Visitors will find these with dust, tobaccos and apple pomace— works of art to be a source of inspiration and a conspicuous nuisance.” He proposed its use beauty as well as a commemoration of leaders as a gallery to honor great Americans, urging whose achievements have helped shape the his fellow congressmen to assemble “the glories United States. of the past, civil, military and judicial—in one 3 Helen Keller 1880–1968 | Social Reformer Keller was one of the great reformers of the 20th century, championing many humanitarian causes. Blind and deaf from childhood, she took her first steps in a brilliant career at a water pump, when she recognized the ALABAMA symbol for “water.” Edward Hlavka Bronze, 2009 Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall 4 Joseph Wheeler 1836−1906 | Soldier, Statesman ALABAMA “Fighting Joe” Wheeler became a powerful symbol of national unity after the Civil War. During his two decades in the U.S. House, the former Confederate general strove to heal the breach between North and South. Berthold Nebel Bronze, 1923–1925 Statuary Hall 5 Edward Lewis “Bob” Bartlett 1904−1968 | Journalist, Statesman Alaska’s “Founding Father” used his reportorial skills to publicize the case for statehood. A longtime territorial delegate, Bartlett won election to the U.S. Senate when Alaska ALASKA joined the Union in 1959. Felix de Weldon Bronze, 1971 House Connecting Corridor 6 Ernest Gruening 1887−1974 | Journalist, Statesman ALASKA As Alaska’s territorial governor, Gruening lobbied for statehood and the crucial Alcan Highway and then served as one of the state’s first two U.S. Senators. A former journalist, he risked his Senate career by opposing the Vietnam War. George Anthonisen Bronze, 1977 Capitol Visitor Center, Upper Level 7 Barry Goldwater 1909–1998 | Statesman Goldwater, known for his candor and independence, launched the revival of American conservatism with his 1964 presidential campaign. As a five-term U.S. Senator, he also sponsored legislation that instituted major ARIZONA reforms in U.S. civil-military relations. Deborah Copenhaver Fellows Bronze, 2014 Statuary Hall 8 Eusebio F. Kino 1645−1711 | Missionary ARIZONA Father Kino explored and mapped more than 50,000 square miles of the American Southwest. He disproved the myth that California was an island. The Jesuit established numerous missions and rancherias that led to permanent settlements. Suzanne Silvercruys Bronze, 1964 Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall 9 James Paul Clarke 1854−1916 | Statesman As governor and later as a U.S. Senator, Clarke promoted policies to protect agricultural and urban workers. Despite his notorious temper, the popular maverick was chosen by his colleagues to be the president pro tempore ARKANSAS of the Senate. Pompeo Coppini Marble, 1917−1921 Capitol Visitor Center, Upper Level 10 Uriah M. Rose 1834−1913 | Lawyer, Statesman ARKANSAS A leader of the state bar, Rose published legal commentaries and was president of the American Bar Association. He was also a U.S. delegate to the Second Hague Peace Congress in 1907. Frederic Ruckstull Marble, 1917 Statuary Hall 11 Ronald Wilson Reagan 1911−2004 | Statesman Nicknamed “The Great Communicator,” Reagan had an engaging manner and confidence in American ideas that made him a popular two- term president. Following his death in 2004, he lay in state in the same rotunda that today is adorned with his statue. CALIFORNIA Chas Fagan Bronze, 2009 Rotunda 12 Junipero Serra 1713−1784 | Missionary CALIFORNIA As a leader of the “Sacred Expedition,” Serra founded Spain’s first California missions at about the time of the American Revolution. Among this string of nine religious outposts were San Francisco, San Juan Capistrano, and San Diego. Ettore Cadorin Bronze, 1930 Statuary Hall 13 Florence Sabin 1871−1953 | Physician Sabin was a leader in medical research and the first woman in the National Academy of Sciences. Her most influential work, the Sabin Health Laws, led to a major reform of the Colorado medical system. COLORADO Joy Buba Bronze, 1958 Hall of Columns 14 John “Jack” Swigert 1931−1982 | Astronaut COLORADO Swigert was one of three astronauts aboard Apollo 13 when mechanical disaster transformed the crew’s return to Earth into a legendary fight for survival. Later elected to Congress, he died before he could take office. George and Mark Lundeen Painted bronze, 1997 Capitol Visitor Center, Emancipation Hall 15 Roger Sherman 1721−1793 | Statesman Sherman, a “Pillar of the Revolution,” signed both the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. His “Connecticut Compromise” proposal for a House of the people and a Senate of states saved the Constitutional Convention. CONNECTICUT Chauncey Ives Marble, 1870 Crypt 16 Jonathan Trumbull CONNECTICUT 1710−1785 | Statesman A member of the colonial elite, Trumbull served as governor and surprised many by backing American independence. He was the only colonial governor to be elected state governor. Chauncey Ives Marble, 1869 House Connecting Corridor 17 John Clayton 1796−1856 | Statesman As Secretary of State, Clayton negotiated the 1850 Clayton-Bulwer Treaty with Great Britain, which began the long quest to build a canal joining the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. He also served as a U.S. Senator and as chief justice DELAWARE of Delaware. Bryant Baker Marble, 1932 Capitol Visitor Center Congressional Auditorium Atrium, Upper Level 18 Caesar Rodney 1728−1784 | Statesman DELAWARE Rodney showed his dedication to the Revolutionary cause when he rode 80 miles through the night to reach the Continental Congress. There he broke the deadlock in Delaware’s delegation in favor of independence from Great Britain. Bryant Baker Marble, 1932 Crypt 19 John Gorrie 1803−1855 | Physician, Inventor Air conditioning, the invention that made summer bearable, began with John Gorrie. He reduced heat and moisture in the rooms of his malaria patients through an air-cooling system that also made ice. FLORIDA Charles A. Pillars Marble, 1913 Statuary Hall 20 Edmund Kirby Smith 1824−1893 | Soldier FLORIDA When the Union navy gained control of the Mississippi River, Confederate General Smith virtually ruled the territory to the west. His command was the last Confederate force to surrender. Charles A. Pillars Bronze, 1917 Capitol Visitor Center Congressional Auditorium Atrium, Lower Level 21 Crawford Long 1815−1878 | Physician A quiet country doctor, Long discovered the anesthetic effect of ether, experimenting with it in surgery. He eventually used it to help women in childbirth, including his wife.