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Index Figures are indicated in italics. Operation Enduring Freedom 278 overthrow of Taliban government 3-D (2001) 84, 262 “3-D ink” writing methods xiv and satellite bandwidth 132 soldiers’ 3-D glasses 63 soil mechanics 1 ultrasound scans of unborn child 62–63 Soviet withdrawal from 270, 274 9/11 Commission 219, 221 Stinger missiles 169 unmanned aerial vehicles deployed AAE 33 in 195 AASM 85 US forces’ consumption of fuel 44 Aaviksoo, Jaak 174 Afghanistan, Emir of 91 Abbottabad, Pakistan 80 Agent 99 software 225 “Abuthaabit” (Waseem Mughal) 199, 200, Ahmed, Syed 201 201 air: the third domain of warfare 1, 181 accelerometer xiv Air Force Research Institute 113 Access 209 Air Force Research Laboratory 224 Achtelik, Michael 42 air-freight inspection 241–42 acoustic cloak 54, 55 Air Ministry (British) 106 “active control” 122 air policing 273 active-protection systems 28 air power Adams, Colonel John 7, 9, 80 air supremacy provides no assurance of adaptive camoufl age 32–33 victory 82, 90–95 add-on guidance systems 85 displayed over Baghlan 96 Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) 18 disruption of an enemy’s fi ghting ADVISE pattern-detection programme 262 system xi Aegis intercept missiles 15 from aircraft carriers 106 Aerodyne Research 34 “synthetic aperture” radar systems xi Aerostar International 116 Air Tractor 113 aerostats see blimps airbags 120 Afghan air force 80 Airborne Laser (ABL) 17–18 Afghanistan Airborne Laser Programme Offi ce, Kirtland adaptive camoufl age tested 32 Air Force Base, New Mexico 18 blimps in 116 Airbus 62, 123 cluster bombs in 82, 88 A350 123 coalition fatalitiesCOPYRIGHTED 275 aircraft MATERIAL drones in 97, 98, 104, 110, 115 AT-6 light-attack plane 113 energy consumption 45, 47 AT-802U warplane 113 fatal insurgent attacks against American “blended wing” 46 forces 186, 187 C-130 Hercules military-transport 170 International Security Assistance Force cargo 124 9, 278 formation fl ying 123–24 Katyusha rockets 17 low-tech propeller planes preferable for national government 280 attacking ground forces 79 need for “strategic patience” 279 maintenance of propeller warplanes 80 bbindex.inddindex.indd 228181 330/11/110/11/11 33:43:43 PPMM 282 MODERN WARFARE, INTELLIGENCE AND DETERRENCE passenger 124 Iran’s large numbers of 13 turboprops 112–14 RBS-15 11 see also bombers; drones; fi ghter planes and sea mines xvi aircraft carriers Sizzler xii-xiii, 11, 12–13 air power from 106 Yakhont 12 nuclear-powered 15 “anti-social” behaviour 250 threatened by sea mines xvi anti-tank missiles 24, 27 US reluctance to build due to threat Appa, Jamil 62 from anti-ship missiles xiii Apple AK-47 assault rifl e 31, 203, 280 gadgets 4 Akademik Lomonosov power station 72 iPhones 58, 61, 101 Akram, Munir 170 iPods 58, 59, 61 ALADDIN (Autonomous Learning Agents Aptima 213–14 for Decentralised Data and Information Arab-Israeli war (1973) 108 Networks) research project 194–96 Ardennes, Battle of the (1914) 189 Alan Brooke, General (later 1st Viscount Areva 71 Alanbrooke) 92 Arkansas Highway and Transportation Albright, Madeleine 162 Department 199 albumin 57 Arkin, Dr Ronald 197–98 Alcatel Alenia Space (now Thales Alenia) Armed Forces Journal 176 147 Armour Holdings 30 Aldebaran launcher 141 armoured personnel-carriers (APCs) 50–51 Alexander, General Keith 155–56, 160–63, M113 51 183 armoured vehicles Alexander, Robert 192 Bradley 25 Algeria 12, 274 clad in bricks of plastic explosives 2, 35 al-Ali, Hamid 203 Stryker 25 American Association for the arms-control agreements 108, 131 Advancement of Science 76 Army Criminal Investigation Command American Civil Liberties Union 225–26, 266 261, 262 Army Research Laboratory (US) 31–32, 223 American civil war (1861–5) x, 173 Army Research Offi ce 170 American Enterprise Institute 131 Arnold, General Henry “Hap” 107 American Missile Defence Agency 17 Arquilla, John x American Nuclear Society 74 Arrow missile-defence programme 139, American war of independence (1775–83) 142 274 Artis 24, 28 AMI Adaptive Materials 100 Ascending Technologies 42 amoebas 48, 49 Asher, Frank 251 amphibious vehicles, fuel consumption Asian Development Bank 178 46 Aspelund, Curt 51 Anderson, Chris 246 assassinations 197, 229–33 Anderson, Richard 191 Association for Unmanned Vehicle Anderson, Professor Ross 228, 257 Systems International (AUVSI) Angola civil war 275 conference (La Spezia, Italy, 2009) 100, Annett, Martin 120 101 ANT Scientifi c 247 Association of Lonely War Women xvi antennae, home-made directional 208 astronomy 68 Antenori, Frank 79 asymmetric confl icts 192 AnthroTronix 36 asymmetric element of anti-ship Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty 133 technologies 12 anti-satellite (ASAT) tests 130, 131, 133, 134 asymmetric weaponry xii anti-satellite weapons 125–27 AT-6 light-attack plane 113 anti-ship missiles xii-xiii, xvi, 11–13 AT-802U warplane 113 BrahMos 12, 15 attrition warfare xi, xii the Club 11 Australia Club-K Container Missile System 13 Department of Defence: JICM (Joint Dong-Feng 21 ballistic missile xiii Integrated Contingency Model) 190 Exocet 11 submarines 14 Harpoon 11 Automated Targeting System 252 bbindex.inddindex.indd 228282 330/11/110/11/11 33:43:43 PPMM Index 283 autopsy system, virtual 62 blimps, militarised 79, 81, 115–16 al-Awlaki, Anwar 231 blood detection 56, 57 Axis powers 106 Bloody Sunday (Northern Ireland, 1972) 276 Baathists 278 BMT Defence Services 26 Babcock & Wilcox 73 body armour 29–30 “back doors” (computing) 161, 169, 180 Boeing “Badr17” 205 Advanced Tactical Laser (ATL) 18, 19 BAE Systems 7, 29, 30, 51, 61–62 and Airborne Laser 17 Advanced Technology Centre, Bristol an American defence giant ix 29 Insitu 101 and ALADDIN 194, 196 and ITAR 148 Taranis 103 Laser Avenger 8 Baghdad xi, 8, 279 LJDAM system 85 bomb explosion (October 25th 2009) Phantom Eye drone 103 xvi, 8 and TNDM software 190 separation walls 277 Boeing 747 aircraft 58 Baghlan, Afghanistan 96 Boeing 787 aircraft 123 Bagram airfi eld, Afghanistan 44 bomb-detection devices, scam xvi Baker, Alan 64 bombers Baker, James 7 B-52 86 Balkans, Predators deployed in 109 Handley Page biplane 91 bandwidth bombs American forces and 128, 135 bunker-smashing 80, 85–86 and Global Hawk 132 CBU-105 86–87 Barker-Wyatt, Charlie 247 cluster 82, 87, 88–89 Barnett, Thomas 176, 270 computerised 154 Great Powers: America and the World fl ying 105, 106, 107, 244 After Bush 270 laser-guided 195 Barracuda cavitating torpedo 14 logic 152, 155, 161 Basque terrorists: connivance with FARC MPR-500 precision bomb xv, 85 guerrillas 3 Perseus 84 Battlefi eld Augmented Reality System xiv “smart” 129 Battlefi eld Extraction-Assist Robot (BEAR) souped-up with rockets 86 36–37 Yemeni cargo 239, 240 BBC “Panorama” programme 254 Booen, Mike 17 Beavin, Michael 146, 148–49 Boot, Max 279 BEC Industries 22 War Made New 279 Béhar, Christophe 74 Borg, Scott 168 behaviour-recognition systems 223 Borgatti, Stephen 212, 265 Bejtlich, Richard 176 Bosnia 280 Belarus, and drones 97 arrest of cyber-jihadist (2005) 200 Ben-David, Yahel 209 “Bosnia Casualty Estimate Study” 188–89 Bensussan, Philippe 13 botnets 159, 162, 176, 179 Beqaa Valley, eastern Lebanon ix Bradley fi ghting vehicles 25 Bharti Airtel 264, 265 BrahMos missile 12, 15 Biden, Joe 266 Braitinger, Manfred 191 Bidlack, Hal xvi BRAWLER system 190 Bigelow, Robert 145 Brazil, turboprops in 113 Bigelow Aerospace 145, 149 Brendley, Keith 24 bin Laden, Osama 80, 206, 211, 231 Brisbane Airport 242 biodiesel 45 Britain biofuel 40, 46 cyber-security policy outfi t 156 biogas power 74 DNA databases 253 biological weaponry 2 and drones 97 biomass 40, 41, 46 in Malaya 276, 277–78 Black Hawk attack helicopter 81, 121, 137 operations centre based in GCHQ 156 Black September 230 and privacy 249 BlackBerry 101 slowly leaves Iraq 278 Blair, Dennis 231 “talking” surveillance cameras 249–50 bbindex.inddindex.indd 228383 330/11/110/11/11 33:43:43 PPMM 284 MODERN WARFARE, INTELLIGENCE AND DETERRENCE “warrantless” eavesdropping 255 Osama bin Laden Unit 219 British Aerospace 34 previously the OSS xvi Brunbech, J.G. 50 Centre for Strategic and Budgetary BT 173 Assessments (CSBA) 111, 116, 133, 135 Bulge, Battle of the (1944) 192 Centre for Strategic and International “bulging armour” 26 Studies (CSIS) 146, 147, 160 Bullet Flight app 61 Centre for the Development of Industrial bunker-busters 80, 85–86 Technology, Madrid 99 Burgoon, Dr Judee 225 ceramic armour 27 Burns, Bob 225 Cessna 81, 104, 112 Bush, George H.W. 188 CFMS laboratory, Bristol 62 Bush, George W. x, 203, 232, 254–55, 262 Chabinsky, Steven 159 Bush administration 258–59 Challenger 2 tanks 27 Bushehr nuclear plant, Iran 165, 167–68 chameleon sheeting 32 Button, Robert 21 Chao, Pierre 146, 147, 150 Chapman, Anna 217 C-130 Hercules military-transport planes Check Point 64–65 170 Chembot 48–49 CADPAT (Canadian camoufl age pattern) chemical weaponry 2 31 chemical-warfare laboratories 84 “cage” armour 26 Chen, Hsinchun 261 California: blaze of October 2007 243 Chernobyl nuclear disaster, Ukraine 70 Caltech (California Institute of Technology) Chiarelli, General Peter 280 123 Chile, turboprops in 113 Cambodia 114 China camelina plant 46 accused of wholesale espionage cameras 159–60 closed-circuit television (CCTV) 251, civilian space programme 126 253, 256 cyberspies 160 surveillance 171, 223, 249–50 Dong-Feng 21 (DF-21) anti-ship missile thermal-imaging 115 xiii, 15 camoufl age 31–33 and drones 97, 101 Camp Victory, Baghdad 45 emerging space power 126 Canada: dip in the number of American- foreign ministry 125 Canadian projects 147 French satellites attacked by ground- “car antenna”
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  • Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018 Part 2A: United States - Submarines

    Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018 Part 2A: United States - Submarines

    Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018 Part 2A: United States - Submarines Peter Lobner July 2018 1 Foreword In 2015, I compiled the first edition of this resource document to support a presentation I made in August 2015 to The Lyncean Group of San Diego (www.lynceans.org) commemorating the 60th anniversary of the world’s first “underway on nuclear power” by USS Nautilus on 17 January 1955. That presentation to the Lyncean Group, “60 years of Marine Nuclear Power: 1955 – 2015,” was my attempt to tell a complex story, starting from the early origins of the US Navy’s interest in marine nuclear propulsion in 1939, resetting the clock on 17 January 1955 with USS Nautilus’ historic first voyage, and then tracing the development and exploitation of marine nuclear power over the next 60 years in a remarkable variety of military and civilian vessels created by eight nations. In July 2018, I finished a complete update of the resource document and changed the title to, “Marine Nuclear Power: 1939 – 2018.” What you have here is Part 2A: United States - Submarines. The other parts are: Part 1: Introduction Part 2B: United States - Surface Ships Part 3A: Russia - Submarines Part 3B: Russia - Surface Ships & Non-propulsion Marine Nuclear Applications Part 4: Europe & Canada Part 5: China, India, Japan and Other Nations Part 6: Arctic Operations 2 Foreword This resource document was compiled from unclassified, open sources in the public domain. I acknowledge the great amount of work done by others who have published material in print or posted information on the internet pertaining to international marine nuclear propulsion programs, naval and civilian nuclear powered vessels, naval weapons systems, and other marine nuclear applications.