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The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018 GSTHR 1 2 GSTHR
NO FIRE, NO SMOKE: THE GLOBAL STATE OF TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION 2018 GSTHR 1 2 GSTHR No Fire, No Smoke: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018 Written and edited by Harry Shapiro Report and website production coordination: Grzegorz Krol The full report (pdf) is available at www.gsthr.org Country profiles are available atwww.gsthr.org To obtain a hard copy of the full report go to www.gsthr.org/contact The Executive Summary is available in various languages at www.gsthr.org/translations Copy editing and proofing: Tom Burgess, Ruth Goldsmith and Joe Stimson Project management: Gerry Stimson and Paddy Costall Report design and layout: Urszula Biskupska Website design & coding: Filip Woźniak, Vlad Radchenko Print: WEDA sc Knowledge-Action-Change, 8 Northumberland Avenue, London, WC2N 5BY © Knowledge-Action-Change 2018 Citation: No Fire, No Smoke: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018 (2018). London: Knowledge-Action-Change. NO FIRE, NO SMOKE: THE GLOBAL STATE OF TOBACCO HARM REDUCTION 2018 GSTHR 3 Acknowledgements 4 Executive Summary: No Fire, No Smoke: The Global State of Tobacco Harm Reduction 2018 5 Scope and terminology 8 Website 8 Updating 8 Data sources and limitations 8 Forewords: 10 Nancy Sutthoff 10 David Sweanor 10 Martin Jarvis 11 Key acronyms and abbreviations 12 Chapter 1: Introduction: tobacco harm reduction 13 Chapter 2: The continuing global epidemic of cigarette smoking 17 Chapter 3: Safer nicotine products: a global picture 22 Chapter 4: Consumers of safer nicotine products 38 Chapter 5: Safer nicotine products -
The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking As a Shared and Social Practice
Portland State University PDXScholar Dissertations and Theses Dissertations and Theses Spring 6-20-2013 The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice Katie Ann Wynia Portland State University Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons, and the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Wynia, Katie Ann, "The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson's Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice" (2013). Dissertations and Theses. Paper 1085. https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.1085 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. The Spatial Distribution of Tobacco Pipe Fragments at the Hudson’s Bay Company Fort Vancouver Village Site: Smoking as a Shared and Social Practice by Katie Ann Wynia A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Anthropology Thesis Committee: Kenneth M. Ames, Chair Douglas C. Wilson Shelby Anderson Portland State University 2013 Abstract This thesis represents one of the first systematic, detailed spatial analyses of artifacts at the mid-19th century Hudson’s Bay Company’s Fort Vancouver Village site, and of clay tobacco pipe fragments in general. -
An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley Ca
University of Tennessee, Knoxville Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2015 Community Formation and the Development of a British-Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. 1630-1730 Lauren Kathleen McMillan University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Trace: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Lauren Kathleen McMillan entitled "Community Formation and the Development of a British-Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. 1630-1730." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Anthropology. Barbara J. Heath, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Gerald F. Schroedl, Elizabeth J. Kellar, Christopher P. Magra Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official student records.) Community Formation and the Development of a British- Atlantic Identity in the Chesapeake: An Archaeological and Historical Study of the Tobacco Pipe Trade in the Potomac River Valley ca. -
When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: the Battle Over Smoking Bans in Bars and Restaurants
Volume 14 Issue 1 Article 5 2007 When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: The Battle over Smoking Bans in Bars and Restaurants Marot Williamson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Marot Williamson, When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: The Battle over Smoking Bans in Bars and Restaurants, 14 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 161 (2007). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol14/iss1/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Williamson: When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: The Battle ov WHEN ONE PERSON'S HABIT BECOMES EVERYONE'S PROBLEM: THE BATTLE OVER SMOKING BANS IN BARS AND RESTAURANTS I. INTRODUCTION For many, smoking a cigarette while enjoying a drink while out at a bar or restaurant are activities that go hand in hand.1 Despite the social popularity of this duo, recent smoking bans around the country are putting an end to smoking in bars and restaurants. 2 Scientists have found that smoking not only harms the smoker, but also those surrounding the smoker.3 Although society once consid- ered smoking a fashionable and generally acceptable activity, knowledge of its health risks is compelling lawmakers to pass laws prohibiting smoking in public places. -
Chapter 13: Tobacco Control
Chapter 13: Tobacco control SUMMARY POINTS · The foundation for effective national tobacco control policies lies in comprehensive implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). · Once it enters into force, the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products could provide a comprehensive framework for national legislation to eliminate smuggled, counterfeit and illicit tobacco products that increase the accessibility and affordability of tobacco and undermine government revenues. · The Conference of the Parties to the WHO FCTC has issued detailed guidelines to assist Parties to implement specific provisions of the WHO FCTC in an effective, evidence-based manner. · In entering trade and investment agreements, countries should ensure that they do not unduly restrict their health sovereignty or unduly diminish their capacity to implement and enforce effective tobacco control measures. · Countries should coordinate the activities of their health, trade and finance ministries in order to ensure that they do not undertake trade and investment obligations that unduly conflict with their health goals, including their capacity to effectively regulate tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food products. · Tax policy is a powerful instrument for raising the price and reducing the affordability of tobacco products. Uniformly high tobacco prices help to discourage initiation, encourage quitting, and reduce the amount of tobacco consumed by those who do not quit. Countries can use tobacco excise tax increases, applied -
Teufelskraut. Zur Historischen Anthropologie Des Tabaks
5 Teufelskraut. Zur Historischen Anthropologie des Tabaks Hasso Spode Die Gattung Tabak (Nicotiana) ist in Amerika, einem Vorläufer der Historischen Anthropolo- Westafrika, Indonesien und dem australisch- gie. Doch Schlözers ganzheitliches Programm pazi!schen Raum heimisch und umfasst wohl ist erst in Ansätzen umgesetzt. Auch diese gut siebzig Arten. Sie zählt – wie die Kartoffel, Skizze kann dies nicht leisten, sondern konzen- die Tomate oder das Bilsenkraut – zur Familie triert sich erstens kulturgeographisch auf den der alkaloidhaltigen Nachtschattengewächse. „Westen“ und zweitens thematisch auf menta- Dabei weist der Tabak einen deutlich höheren litätshistorische Aspekte. Gehalt an dem psychotropen Alkaloid Nicotin auf als andere P$anzen dieser Familie. 1 Das macht ihn für den Menschen als Droge interes- 1 Tabak und Rauchen vor 1500 sant. Doch sehr lange Zeit beschränkte sich der systematische Gebrauch wahrscheinlich auf Bis zum November 1492, als Kolumbus zwei Amerika, wo bevorzugt zwei Arten kultiviert Kundschafter ins Innere Kubas entsandte, wurden: tabacum in südlichen Breiten, rustica war der Tabak den Europäern unbekannt. In in nördlichen. Heute wird Tabak in rund 120 den Amerikas fand er hingegen seit langem Ländern angebaut und zwar ganz überwiegend Verwendung: bei sakralen Zeremonien, als die Art tabacum. 2 Deren Blätter werden in der Heilmittel und als profanes Stimulans (Corti, Regel zu Zigaretten verarbeitet. Doch Tabak 1930; Goodman, 1993; Galety, 2003). Dabei wa- und Rauchen sind selbstredend keine Synony- ren zahlreiche „kalte“ und „heiße“ Konsum- me: Einerseits wurde und wird Tabak keines- praktiken üblich, wobei für letztere technisch wegs nur in Form des Rauchens konsumiert, wiederum „kollektive“ und „individuelle“ zu anderseits wurde und wird keineswegs nur unterscheiden sind. -
Tobacco Use by Indian Adolescents
Tobacco Induced Diseases Vol. 1, No. 2: 111–119 (2002) © PTID Society Tobacco use by Indian adolescents Chadda RK, Sengupta SN Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Behavior & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India ABSTRACT. Adolescents are the most vulnerable population to initiate tobacco use. It is now well estab- lished that most of the adult users of tobacco start tobacco use in childhood or adolescence. There has been a perceptible fall in smoking in the developed countries after realization of harmful effects of tobac- co. The tobacco companies are now aggressively targeting their advertising strategies in the developing countries like India. Adolescents often get attracted to tobacco products because of such propaganda. There has been a rapid increase in trade and use of smokeless tobacco products in recent years in the coun- try, which is a matter of serious concern to the health planners. It is important to understand various fac- tors that influence and encourage young teenagers to start smoking or to use other tobacco products. The age at first use of tobacco has been reduced considerably. However, law enforcing agencies have also taken some punitive measures in recent years to curtail the use of tobacco products. This paper focuses on vari- ous tobacco products available in India, the extent of their use in adolescents, factors leading to initiation of their use, and the preventive strategies, which could be used to deal with this menace. KEY WORDS: Smoking, nicotine, tobacco abuse, smokeless tobacco. INTRODUCTION Tobacco use in children and adolescents is reaching pandemic India; its use has unfortunately been well recognized among levels. -
Native Sons and Daughters Program Manual
NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS PROGRAMS® PROGRAM MANUAL National Longhouse, Ltd. National Longhouse, Ltd. 4141 Rockside Road Suite 150 Independence, OH 44131-2594 Copyright © 2007, 2014 National Longhouse, Ltd. All rights reserved. International copyright secured. No part of this manual may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, now known or hereafter invented, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, xerography, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written consent of National Longhouse, Ltd. Printed in the United States of America EDITORS: Edition 1 - Barry Yamaji National Longhouse, Native Sons And Daughters Programs, Native Dads And Sons, Native Moms And Sons, Native Moms And Daughters are registered trademarks of National Longhouse, Ltd. Native Dads And Daughters, Native Sons And Daughters, NS&D Pathfinders are servicemarks of National Longhouse TABLE of CONTENTS FOREWORD xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 Why NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS® Programs? 2 What Are NATIVE SONS AND DAUGHTERS® Programs? 4 Program Format History 4 Program Overview 10 CHAPTER 2: ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES 15 Organizational Levels 16 Administrative Levels 17 National Longhouse, Ltd. 18 Regional Advisory Lodge 21 Local Longhouse 22 Nations 24 Tribes 25 CHAPTER 3: THE TRIBE 29 Preparing for a Tribe Meeting 30 Tribe Meetings 32 iii Table of Contents A Sample Tribe Meeting Procedure 34 Sample Closing Prayers 36 Tips for a Successful Meeting 37 The Parents' Meeting 38 CHAPTER 4: AWARDS, PATCHES, PROGRAM -
A Comparative Analysis of Early Late Woodland Smoking Pipes from the Arkona Cluster
Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 9-14-2018 1:00 PM Guided by Smoke: A Comparative Analysis of Early Late Woodland Smoking Pipes from the Arkona Cluster Shane McCartney The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Hodgetts, Lisa M. The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Anthropology A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Master of Arts © Shane McCartney 2018 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Archaeological Anthropology Commons Recommended Citation McCartney, Shane, "Guided by Smoke: A Comparative Analysis of Early Late Woodland Smoking Pipes from the Arkona Cluster" (2018). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 5757. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/5757 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Abstract This thesis undertakes a comparative analysis of ceramic and stone pipes recovered from eight archaeological sites located near present day Arkona, Ontario. Commonly known as the Arkona Cluster, these sites date to between A.D. 1000 and 1280 during the early Late Woodland Period and are thought to be part of a borderland region between distinct cultural groups known as the Western Basin Younge Phase and the Early Ontario Iroquoians. Using a combination of distribution and attribute data from each site’s pipe assemblage, I explore how the similarities and differences observed can be used to draw insights into the potential relations between the sites and how they relate to a larger regional context of identity formation, territorialization and intergroup interaction and exchange. -
Smoke-Free Laws Do Not Harm Business at Restaurants and Bars
SMOKE-FREE LAWS DO NOT HARM BUSINESS AT RESTAURANTS AND BARS In recent years a groundswell of support for smoke-free restaurant and bar laws has developed from states and localities across the country. As of August 15, 2020, 66.4 percent of the U.S. population (or more than 200 million people) live in areas that have passed strong smoke-free laws covering restaurants and bars.1 Strong smoke-free restaurant and bar laws are important because: Everyone has the right to breathe clean, smoke-free air at work and while visiting public places like restaurants and bars. There is overwhelming scientific evidence that secondhand tobacco smoke causes serious illnesses, including lung cancer and heart disease in non-smokers.2 Smoke-free laws help protect restaurant and bar employees and patrons from the harms of secondhand smoke.3 Smoke-free laws help the seven out of every ten smokers who want to quit smoking by providing them with public environments free from any pressure or temptation to smoke.4 Accompanying the growth in smoke-free laws nationwide has been a parallel increase in false allegations that smoke-free laws will hurt local economies and businesses.5 In fact, numerous careful scientific and economic analyses show that smoke-free laws do not hurt restaurant and bar patronage, employment, sales, or profits.6 At worst, the laws have no effect at all on business activity, and they sometimes even produce slightly positive trends. For example: The National Cancer Institute, with the World Health Organization, in December 2016 conducted an extensive review of the economic literature on tobacco control, concluding, “. -
Smoking and Vascular Risk: Are All Forms of Smoking Harmful to All Types of Vascular Disease?
public health 127 (2013) 435e441 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Public Health journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/puhe Original Research Smoking and vascular risk: are all forms of smoking harmful to all types of vascular disease? N. Katsiki a,b, S.K. Papadopoulou c,d, A.I. Fachantidou d, D.P. Mikhailidis a,* a Department of Clinical Biochemistry (Vascular Disease Prevention Clinics), Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), Pond Street, London NW3 2QG, UK b First Propedeutic Department of Internal Medicine, AHEPA University Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece c Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Technological Institution of Thessaloniki, Greece d Department of Physical Education, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece article info abstract Article history: Smoking, both active and passive, is an established vascular risk factor. The present narrative Received 23 August 2011 review considers the effects of different forms of smoking (i.e. cannabis, cigar, pipe, smokeless Received in revised form tobacco and cigarette) on cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, the impact of smoking on several 2 April 2012 vascular risk factors [e.g. hypertension, diabetes mellitus (DM), dyslipidaemia and haemo- Accepted 21 December 2012 stasis] and on vascular diseases such as coronary heart disease (CHD), peripheral arterial Available online 28 February 2013 disease (PAD), abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) and carotid arterial disease, is discussed. The adverse effects of all forms of smoking and the interactions between smoking and Keywords: established vascular risk factors highlight the importance of smoking cessation in high- Smoking risk patients in terms of both primary and secondary vascular disease prevention. -
Tobacco Use Behaviors for Swedish Snus and US Smokeless Tobacco
Tobacco Use Behaviors for Swedish Snus and US Smokeless Tobacco Prepared for: Swedish Match, Stockholm, Sweden and Swedish Match North America, Richmond, Virginia Prepared by: ENVIRON International Corporation Arlington, Virginia Date: May 2013 Project Number: 2418132C Snus and US Smokeless Tobacco Contents Page Executive Summary 1 1 Introduction 6 1.1 Background 6 1.2 Literature search and methods 8 2 Temporal, Geographic and Demographic Patterns of Smokeless Tobacco Use. 10 2.1 Scandinavia 10 2.1.1 Current and Historical Temporal Trends of Swedish Snus 10 2.1.2 Geographic variations in snus use 12 2.1.3 Age and gender 12 2.1.4 Socioeconomic and occupational variations in snus 14 2.1.5 Other individual level characteristics related to snus 15 2.1.6 Exposure estimates: frequency, amount and duration of snus 15 2.2 United States 17 2.2.1 Temporal trends 18 2.2.2 Geographic variations in smokeless tobacco use 19 2.2.3 Age and gender 20 2.2.4 Race/ethnicity 21 2.2.5 Socioeconomic and occupational variations in smokeless tobacco use 22 2.2.6 Other individual level characteristics related to smokeless tobacco use 23 2.2.7 Exposure estimates: frequency, amount and duration of smokeless tobacco use 23 2.3 Summary and Conclusions 23 3 Relationship of Smokeless Tobacco to Smoking 25 3.1 Population-level transitioning between tobacco products 26 3.1.1 Scandinavia 26 3.1.2 United States 27 3.2 Individual-level transitioning between tobacco products: Gateway and transitioning from smokeless tobacco to cigarettes 27 3.2.1 Scandinavia 28 3.2.2 United States 31 3.3 Transitioning from cigarettes to smokeless tobacco and smoking cessation 35 3.3.1 Scandinavia 36 3.3.2 United States 41 3.4 Snus/Smokeless Tobacco Initiation 45 3.4.1 Scandinavia 45 3.4.2 United States 46 3.5 Dual Use 47 3.5.1 Scandinavia 47 3.5.2 United States 52 4 Summary and Conclusions 57 Contents i ENVIRON Snus and US Smokeless Tobacco 5 References 60 List of Tables Table 1: Recent Patterns of Snus Use in Sweden (Digard et al.