Key Dates in Tobacco Regulation 1962 — 2020
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Legal and Regulatory Approaches to Rehabilitation Planning
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health Review Legal and Regulatory Approaches to Rehabilitation Planning: A Concise Overview of Current Laws and Policies Addressing Access to Rehabilitation in Five European Countries Aditi Garg 1,*, Dimitrios Skempes 1,2 and Jerome Bickenbach 1,2 1 Department of Health Sciences and Medicine, University of Lucerne, Frohburgstrasse 3, 6002 Luzern, Switzerland; [email protected] (D.S.); [email protected] (J.B.) 2 Swiss Paraplegic Research, Guido A. Zäch Str. 4, 6207 Nottwil, Switzerland * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-519-239-5295 Received: 6 May 2020; Accepted: 5 June 2020; Published: 18 June 2020 Abstract: Background: The rising prevalence of disability due to noncommunicable diseases and the aging process in tandem with under-prioritization and underdevelopment of rehabilitation services remains a significant concern for European public health. Over recent years, health system responses to population health needs, including rehabilitation needs, have been increasingly acknowledging the power of law and formal written policies as strategic governance tools to improve population health outcomes. However, the contents and scope of enacted legislation and adopted policies concerning rehabilitation services in Europe has not been synthesized. This paper presents a concise overview of laws and policies addressing rehabilitation in five European countries. Methods: Publicly available laws, policies, and national action plans addressing rehabilitation issues of Sweden, Italy, Germany, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom were reviewed and descriptive documents analyzed. Actions found in national health policies were also evaluated for compliance with the key recommendations specified in the World Health Organization’s Rehabilitation 2030: Call for Action. -
Health Service Commissioners Act 1993
Changes to legislation: There are outstanding changes not yet made by the legislation.gov.uk editorial team to Health Service Commissioners Act 1993. Any changes that have already been made by the team appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. (See end of Document for details) ELIZABETH II c. 46 Health Service Commissioners Act 1993 1993 CHAPTER 46 An Act to consolidate the enactments relating to the Health Service Commissioners for England, for Wales and for Scotland with amendments to give effect to recommendations of the Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission. [5th November 1993] F1Be it enacted by the Queen’s most Excellent Majesty, by and with the advice and consent of the Lords Spiritual and Temporal, and Commons, in this present Parliament assembled, and by the authority of the same, as follows:— Annotations: Amendments (Textual) F1 Act repealed (S.) (23.10.2002) by 2002 asp 11, s. 25(1), Sch. 6 para. 14 (with savings in Sch. 7); S.S.I. 2002/467, art. 2 Modifications etc. (not altering text) C1 Act applied (1.4.1999) by S.I. 1999/686, art. 5(1), Sch. Pt. II Act applied (with modifications)(1.4.1999) by S.I. 1999/726, art. 5(1)(2), Sch. Pt. II Act applied (6.4.2001) by S.I. 2001/137, art. 5, Sch. Pt. II Act applied (S.) (31.3.2002) by S.S.I. 2002/103, art. 6, Sch. Pt. II (with art. 4(4)) Act applied (S.) (27.6.2002) by S.S.I. 2002/305, art. -
Tobacco Labelling -.:: GEOCITIES.Ws
Council Directive 89/622/EC concerning the labelling of tobacco products, as amended TAR AND NICOTINE CONTENTS OF THE CIGARETTES SOLD ON THE EUROPEAN MARKET AUSTRIA Brand Tar Yield Nicotine Yield Mg. Mg. List 1 A3 14.0 0.8 A3 Filter 11.0 0.6 Belvedere 11.0 0.8 Camel Filters 14.0 1.1 Camel Filters 100 13.0 1.1 Camel Lights 8.0 0.7 Casablanca 6.0 0.6 Casablanca Ultra 2.0 0.2 Corso 4.0 0.4 Da Capo 9.0 0.4 Dames 9.0 0.6 Dames Filter Box 9.0 0.6 Ernte 23 13.0 0.8 Falk 5.0 0.4 Flirt 14.0 0.9 Flirt Filter 11.0 0.6 Golden Smart 12.0 0.8 HB 13.0 0.9 HB 100 14.0 1.0 Hobby 11.0 0.8 Hobby Box 11.0 0.8 Hobby Extra 11.0 0.8 Johnny Filter 11.0 0.9 Jonny 14.0 1.0 Kent 10.0 0.8 Kim 8.0 0.6 Kim Superlights 4.0 0.4 Lord Extra 8.0 0.6 Lucky Strike 13.0 1.0 Lucky Strike Lights 9.0 0.7 Marlboro 13.0 0.9 Marlboro 100 14.0 1.0 Marlboro Lights 7.0 0.6 Malboro Medium 9.0 0.7 Maverick 11.0 0.8 Memphis Classic 11.0 0.8 Memphis Blue 12.0 0.8 Memphis International 13.0 1.0 Memphis International 100 14.0 1.0 Memphis Lights 7.0 0.6 Memphis Lights 100 9.0 0.7 Memphis Medium 9.0 0.6 Memphis Menthol 7.0 0.5 Men 11.0 0.9 Men Light 5.0 0.5 Milde Sorte 8.0 0.5 Milde Sorte 1 1.0 0.1 Milde Sorte 100 9.0 0.5 Milde Sorte Super 6.0 0.3 Milde Sorte Ultra 4.0 0.4 Parisienne Mild 8.0 0.7 Parisienne Super 11.0 0.9 Peter Stuyvesant 12.0 0.8 Philip Morris Super Lights 4.0 0.4 Ronson 13.0 1.1 Smart Export 10.0 0.8 Treff 14.0 0.9 Trend 5.0 0.2 Trussardi Light 100 6.0 0.5 United E 12.0 0.9 Winston 13.0 0.9 York 9.0 0.7 List 2 Auslese de luxe 1.0 0.1 Benson & Hedges 12.0 1.0 Camel 15.0 1.0 -
Youth Bidi, Kretek, Or Pipe Tobacco Use
2013 Florida Youth Tobacco Survey: Fact Sheet 10 Youth Bidi, Kretek, or Pipe Tobacco Use Introduction The Florida Youth Tobacco Survey (FYTS) was administered in the spring of 2013 to 6,440 middle school students and 6,175 high school students in 172 public schools throughout the state. The overall survey response rate for middle schools was 83%, and the overall survey response rate for high schools was 75%. The FYTS has been conduct- ed annually since 1998. The data presented in this fact sheet are weighted to represent the entire population of public middle and high school students in Florida. About Bidis, Kreteks, and Pipe Tobacco Bidis are small brown cigarettes from India consisting of tobacco wrapped in a leaf tied together with a thread. Bidis have higher levels of nicotine, carbon monoxide, and tar than traditional cigarettes. Kreteks are cigarettes containing tobacco and clove extract. In 2009, the Food and Drug Administration banned kreteks, along with flavored cigarettes, from being sold in the United States. Pipe tobacco comes either plain or flavored and is smoked through a pipe. On previous FYTS fact sheets, bidis, kreteks, and pipe tobacco have been Figure 1. Ever Tried Bidis, Kreteks, or Pipe Tobacco 8.4 8.5 reported as “specialty tobacco” products. 9 8.0 8 7.2 7.1 Ever Tried Bidis, Kreteks, or Pipe Tobacco 7 5.9 6 In 2013, 2.5% of middle school and 5.9% of high 5 4 3.2 school students had tried smoking a bidi, kretek, or Percent 2.9 3.0 3.0 2.5 2.5 pipe tobacco at least once (Figure 1). -
When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: the Battle Over Smoking Bans in Bars and Restaurants
Volume 14 Issue 1 Article 5 2007 When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: The Battle over Smoking Bans in Bars and Restaurants Marot Williamson Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj Part of the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Marot Williamson, When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: The Battle over Smoking Bans in Bars and Restaurants, 14 Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports L.J. 161 (2007). Available at: https://digitalcommons.law.villanova.edu/mslj/vol14/iss1/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Jeffrey S. Moorad Sports Law Journal by an authorized editor of Villanova University Charles Widger School of Law Digital Repository. Williamson: When One Person's Habit Becomes Everyone's Problem: The Battle ov WHEN ONE PERSON'S HABIT BECOMES EVERYONE'S PROBLEM: THE BATTLE OVER SMOKING BANS IN BARS AND RESTAURANTS I. INTRODUCTION For many, smoking a cigarette while enjoying a drink while out at a bar or restaurant are activities that go hand in hand.1 Despite the social popularity of this duo, recent smoking bans around the country are putting an end to smoking in bars and restaurants. 2 Scientists have found that smoking not only harms the smoker, but also those surrounding the smoker.3 Although society once consid- ered smoking a fashionable and generally acceptable activity, knowledge of its health risks is compelling lawmakers to pass laws prohibiting smoking in public places. -
Chapter 13: Tobacco Control
Chapter 13: Tobacco control SUMMARY POINTS · The foundation for effective national tobacco control policies lies in comprehensive implementation of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC). · Once it enters into force, the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products could provide a comprehensive framework for national legislation to eliminate smuggled, counterfeit and illicit tobacco products that increase the accessibility and affordability of tobacco and undermine government revenues. · The Conference of the Parties to the WHO FCTC has issued detailed guidelines to assist Parties to implement specific provisions of the WHO FCTC in an effective, evidence-based manner. · In entering trade and investment agreements, countries should ensure that they do not unduly restrict their health sovereignty or unduly diminish their capacity to implement and enforce effective tobacco control measures. · Countries should coordinate the activities of their health, trade and finance ministries in order to ensure that they do not undertake trade and investment obligations that unduly conflict with their health goals, including their capacity to effectively regulate tobacco, alcohol and unhealthy food products. · Tax policy is a powerful instrument for raising the price and reducing the affordability of tobacco products. Uniformly high tobacco prices help to discourage initiation, encourage quitting, and reduce the amount of tobacco consumed by those who do not quit. Countries can use tobacco excise tax increases, applied -
Teufelskraut. Zur Historischen Anthropologie Des Tabaks
5 Teufelskraut. Zur Historischen Anthropologie des Tabaks Hasso Spode Die Gattung Tabak (Nicotiana) ist in Amerika, einem Vorläufer der Historischen Anthropolo- Westafrika, Indonesien und dem australisch- gie. Doch Schlözers ganzheitliches Programm pazi!schen Raum heimisch und umfasst wohl ist erst in Ansätzen umgesetzt. Auch diese gut siebzig Arten. Sie zählt – wie die Kartoffel, Skizze kann dies nicht leisten, sondern konzen- die Tomate oder das Bilsenkraut – zur Familie triert sich erstens kulturgeographisch auf den der alkaloidhaltigen Nachtschattengewächse. „Westen“ und zweitens thematisch auf menta- Dabei weist der Tabak einen deutlich höheren litätshistorische Aspekte. Gehalt an dem psychotropen Alkaloid Nicotin auf als andere P$anzen dieser Familie. 1 Das macht ihn für den Menschen als Droge interes- 1 Tabak und Rauchen vor 1500 sant. Doch sehr lange Zeit beschränkte sich der systematische Gebrauch wahrscheinlich auf Bis zum November 1492, als Kolumbus zwei Amerika, wo bevorzugt zwei Arten kultiviert Kundschafter ins Innere Kubas entsandte, wurden: tabacum in südlichen Breiten, rustica war der Tabak den Europäern unbekannt. In in nördlichen. Heute wird Tabak in rund 120 den Amerikas fand er hingegen seit langem Ländern angebaut und zwar ganz überwiegend Verwendung: bei sakralen Zeremonien, als die Art tabacum. 2 Deren Blätter werden in der Heilmittel und als profanes Stimulans (Corti, Regel zu Zigaretten verarbeitet. Doch Tabak 1930; Goodman, 1993; Galety, 2003). Dabei wa- und Rauchen sind selbstredend keine Synony- ren zahlreiche „kalte“ und „heiße“ Konsum- me: Einerseits wurde und wird Tabak keines- praktiken üblich, wobei für letztere technisch wegs nur in Form des Rauchens konsumiert, wiederum „kollektive“ und „individuelle“ zu anderseits wurde und wird keineswegs nur unterscheiden sind. -
Tobacco Use by Indian Adolescents
Tobacco Induced Diseases Vol. 1, No. 2: 111–119 (2002) © PTID Society Tobacco use by Indian adolescents Chadda RK, Sengupta SN Department of Psychiatry, Institute of Human Behavior & Allied Sciences, Delhi, India ABSTRACT. Adolescents are the most vulnerable population to initiate tobacco use. It is now well estab- lished that most of the adult users of tobacco start tobacco use in childhood or adolescence. There has been a perceptible fall in smoking in the developed countries after realization of harmful effects of tobac- co. The tobacco companies are now aggressively targeting their advertising strategies in the developing countries like India. Adolescents often get attracted to tobacco products because of such propaganda. There has been a rapid increase in trade and use of smokeless tobacco products in recent years in the coun- try, which is a matter of serious concern to the health planners. It is important to understand various fac- tors that influence and encourage young teenagers to start smoking or to use other tobacco products. The age at first use of tobacco has been reduced considerably. However, law enforcing agencies have also taken some punitive measures in recent years to curtail the use of tobacco products. This paper focuses on vari- ous tobacco products available in India, the extent of their use in adolescents, factors leading to initiation of their use, and the preventive strategies, which could be used to deal with this menace. KEY WORDS: Smoking, nicotine, tobacco abuse, smokeless tobacco. INTRODUCTION Tobacco use in children and adolescents is reaching pandemic India; its use has unfortunately been well recognized among levels. -
Smoke-Free Laws Do Not Harm Business at Restaurants and Bars
SMOKE-FREE LAWS DO NOT HARM BUSINESS AT RESTAURANTS AND BARS In recent years a groundswell of support for smoke-free restaurant and bar laws has developed from states and localities across the country. As of August 15, 2020, 66.4 percent of the U.S. population (or more than 200 million people) live in areas that have passed strong smoke-free laws covering restaurants and bars.1 Strong smoke-free restaurant and bar laws are important because: Everyone has the right to breathe clean, smoke-free air at work and while visiting public places like restaurants and bars. There is overwhelming scientific evidence that secondhand tobacco smoke causes serious illnesses, including lung cancer and heart disease in non-smokers.2 Smoke-free laws help protect restaurant and bar employees and patrons from the harms of secondhand smoke.3 Smoke-free laws help the seven out of every ten smokers who want to quit smoking by providing them with public environments free from any pressure or temptation to smoke.4 Accompanying the growth in smoke-free laws nationwide has been a parallel increase in false allegations that smoke-free laws will hurt local economies and businesses.5 In fact, numerous careful scientific and economic analyses show that smoke-free laws do not hurt restaurant and bar patronage, employment, sales, or profits.6 At worst, the laws have no effect at all on business activity, and they sometimes even produce slightly positive trends. For example: The National Cancer Institute, with the World Health Organization, in December 2016 conducted an extensive review of the economic literature on tobacco control, concluding, “. -
How Can the Lens of Human Rights Provide a New Perspective on Drug Control and Point to Different Ways of Regulating Drug Consumption?
How can the lens of human rights provide a new perspective on drug control and point to different ways of regulating drug consumption? A thesis submitted to The University of Manchester for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Humanities 2015 Melissa L. Bone School of Law Table of Contents Index of Tables……………………………………………………………………..….5 Table of Cases………………………………………….………………………………6 Table of Statutes, Treaties and Legislative Instruments……………………………....10 List of Abbreviations…………………………………………………………………15 Abstract………………………………………………...…………………………….18 Candidate’s Declaration and Copyright Statement…………………………………...19 Acknowledgements…………………………………...……………………………...20 Introduction………………………………………………………………..…………22 Chapter 1: Understanding the origin and value of human rights and psychoactive consumption………………………………………………………………………….32 1.1 What are human rights and where have they come from?………..……………….33 1.2 Human right foundations and the question of importance…………...……………36 1.3 The grounds for human rights…………………………………………….………42 1.3.1 ‘The universalist challenge’…………………………………………..46 1.4 The origin and value of human psychoactive consumption……………………….49 1.5 Conclusion……………………………………………………………..…………54 Chapter 2: Understanding how human rights can address the drug policy binary: the conflict between the interests of the State and the interests of the individual………….55 2.1 Defining ‘the State’……………………………………………………...………..56 2.2 Identifying four ‘typical philosophical positions and the binary which underpins them……………………………………………………………….………………….62 -
British Economic and Social Planning 1959-1970
British economic and social planning 1959-1970 Glen O'Hara Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the criteria for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University College London University February 2002 UNIV. Gouverner, c 'est choisir. -ducdeLevin, 1812 ABSTRACT This thesis attempts to trace the history of the politics, rhetoric and practice of British central government planning in the 1960s. As such, it attempts to answer a number of questions: why did 'planning' come back into fashion in the early 1960s? What meanings did it take on for those who espoused it? Did different groups have very different ideas about what it meant? Why was it adopted as such an all-encompassing reformist banner in this decade? Did it fail to achieve its ends, and if so, why? 'Planning' is therefore treated both as an idea and a practice in its own right, but also as a tool to answer wider questions about post-war British government and politics. How important were interest groups, for instance the 'social partners' of employers and trade unions, in the management of the economy? How central were provider and consumer interest groups in the planning and development of the Welfare State? How close together were the ideas and actions of the political parties? How powerfiui was the central government, and what were the limits to its power? This thesis will use unpublished manuscript sources from the archives of the central government and the two main political parties, along with some personal papers, to attempt to answer these questions. It will conclude that planning failed because of a basic lack of agreement between the different 'planners', as well as the inability of the central government machinery to conduct such complex and testing work. -
Technical Report Heated Tobacco Products
Heated Tobacco Products Task Force Technical Report Heated Tobacco Products (HTPs): Standardized Terminology and Recommendations for the Generation and Collection of Emissions July 2020 Author and Sub-Group Secretary: Jason Flora, Altria Client Services, U.S.A. Task-Force Coordinator: Helena Digard, British American Tobacco, U.K. Co-Author and Task Force Member: Colin Sinclair, Japan Tobacco Inc., U.K. Co-Author and Task Force Member: Maxim Belushkin, Philip Morris International, Switzerland Table of Contents 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 3 2. Organisations .................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Participants ................................................................................................................ 3 3. Definitions ........................................................................................................................ 4 3.1 Category Definition ................................................................................................... 5 3.2 Sub-Category Definitions .......................................................................................... 5 3.3 Additional Definitions ............................................................................................... 7 4. Recommendations for the Generation and Collection of Emissions ................................ 7 4.1 General Requirements ..............................................................................................