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Air & Space Power Journal SPINE Air & Space ASPJ Power Journal Chief of Staff, US Air Force Gen David L. Goldfein, USAF Commander, Air Education and Training Command Lt Gen Steven L. Kwast, USAF Commander and President, Air University Lt Gen Anthony J. Cotton, USAF Commander, LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education Maj Gen Michael D. Rothstein, USAF Director, Air University Press Lt Col Darin Gregg, USAF Chief of Professional Journals Maj Richard T. Harrison, USAF Editorial Staff Maj Richard T. Harrison, USAF, Editor L. Tawanda Eaves, Managing Editor Randy Roughton, Content Editor Daniel M. Armstrong, Illustrator L. Susan Fair, Illustrator Vivian D. O'Neal, Prepress Production Coordinator Nedra O. Looney, Prepress Production Coordinator Air & Space Power Journal 401 Chennault Circle Maxwell AFB AL 36112-6010 e-mail: [email protected] Visit Air & Space Power Journal online at https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/ASPJ/. The Air & Space Power Journal (ISSN 1554-2505), Air Force Recurring Publication 10-1, published quarterly in both online and printed editions, is the professional journal of the United States Air Force. It is designed to serve as an open forum for the presentation and stimulation of innovative thinking on military doctrine, strategy, force structure, readiness, and other matters of national defense. The views and opinions expressed or implied in the Journal are those of the authors and should not be construed as carrying the official sanction of the Department of Defense, Air Force, Air Education and Training Command, Air University, or other agencies or departments of the US government. In this edition, articles not bearing a copyright notice may be reproduced in whole or in part without permission. Articles bearing a copyright notice may be reproduced for any US government purpose without permission. If they are reproduced, the Air & Space Power Journal requests a courtesy line. To obtain permission to reproduce material bearing a copyright notice for other than US government purposes, contact the author of the material rather than the Air & Space Power Journal. https://www.af.mil/ https://www.aetc.af.mil/ https://www.airuniversity.af.edu/ New 00a-Inside Cover.indd 1 1/10/2019 2:28:50 PM VOL. 33 NO. 1 SPRING 2019 SENIOR LEADER PERSPECTIVE 4 What Do People Want from Work? The Simple Question that Can Transform Unit Engagement and Retention Brig Gen George M. Reynolds, USAF FEATURE 19 SmallMaj Jules Unmanned “Jay” Hurst, USAR Aerial Systems and Tactical Air Control VIEWS 34 Twenty-First Century Deterrence in the Space War-Fighting Domain Not Your Father’s Century, Deterrence, or Domain Maj Bryan Boyce, USA, Retired 50 Joint Mission Control From Component to Joint Leadership of All-Domain Missions Capt Matthew B. Chapman, USAF Lt Col Gerrit H. Dalman, USAF 62 Everyone Gets a Vote 360 Assessments and the Human Factors System Maj Zach Fisher, USAF SCHRIEVER ESSAY AWARDS 70 Counter and Cooperate: How Space Can Be Used to Advance US—China Cooperation While Curbing Beijing’s 1stTerrestrial Lt Peter Loftus, Excesses USAF 78 An2nd LtEconomic Tucker Hutchinson, Approach USAF to Deterrence BOOK REVIEWS 88 So Far from Home: Royal Air Force and Free French Air Force Flight Training at Maxwell and Gunter Air Fields during World War II by Robert B. Kane Reviewed by: Dr. Nicholas M. Sambaluk 89 A Great Place to Have a War: America in Laos and the Birth of a Military CIA by Joshua Kurlantzick Reviewed by: Col John L. Conway, USAF, Retired 90 Apollo Pilot: The Memoir of Astronaut Donn Eisele by Donn Eisele Reviewed by: SSgt Aaron Tobler, USAF 91 Ecologies of Power: Countermapping the Logistical Landscapes and Military Geographies of the U.S. Department of Defense by Pierre Bélanger and Alexander Arroyo Reviewed by: Dr. Jack Adam MacLennan 92 Wings of Valor: Honoring America’s Fighter Aces by Nick Del Calzo and Peter Collier Reviewed by: Maj Peter L. Belmonte, USAF, Retired 94 The History of Human Space Flight by Ted Spitzmiller Reviewed by: Joseph T. Page II 95 Flying Man: Hugo Junkers and the Dream of Aviation by Richard Byers Reviewed by: Col William J. Ott, USAF, Retired Air & Space Power Journal Reviewers Dr. Christian F. Anrig Col Merrick E. Krause, USAF, Retired Swiss Air Force Executive Director, Resource Dr. Filomeno Arenas Management and Planning USAF Air Command and Staff College Board of Veterans’ Appeals, Dr. Bruce Bechtol Veteran’s Affairs Angelo State University Col Chris J. Krisinger, USAF, Retired Dr. Kendall K. Brown Burke, Virginia NASA Marshall Space Flight Center Dr. Benjamin S. Lambeth Dr. Anthony C. Cain Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments USAF Air University, Chief of Academic Affairs Rémy M. Mauduit Dr. Norman C. Capshaw Editor, ASPJ Africa & Francophonie Military Sealift Command Washington Curtis E. LeMay Center for Doctrine Navy Yard, District of Columbia Development and Education Dr. Christopher T. Colliver Col Phillip S. Meilinger, USAF, Retired Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio West Chicago, Illinois Dr. Chad Dacus Dr. Richard R. Muller USAF Cyber College USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Maj Gen Charles J. Dunlap Jr., Lt Col Jason M. Newcomer, DBA, USAF USAF, Retired Air Combat Command Duke University Col Robert Owen, USAF, Retired Lt Col Derrill T. Goldizen, PhD, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University USAF, Retired Lt Col Brian S. Pinkston, USAF, MC, SFS Naval War College Air Force Review Board Agency Col Mike Guillot, USAF, Retired Brig Gen John E. Shaw, USAF Editor, Strategic Studies Quarterly Headquarters Air Force Space Curtis E. LeMay Center for Doctrine Command A5/8/9 Peterson AFB, Colorado Development and Education Col Richard Szafranski, USAF, Retired Col Dale L. Hayden, PhD, USAF, Retired Birmingham, AL Isle of Palms, South Carolina Lt Col Michael Tate, USAF, Retired, Brig Gen S. Clinton Hinote, USAF Air Force Warfighting Integration Capability USAF Air University Lt Col Edward B. Tomme, PhD, HAF/AJA, Pentagon USAF, Retired Dr. Thomas Hughes CyberSpace Operations Consulting USAF School of Advanced Air and Space Studies Lt Col David A. Umphress, PhD, USAFR, Retired Lt Col J. P. Hunerwadel, USAF, Retired Auburn University Curtis E. LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education Dr. Xiaoming Zhang, USAF USAF Air War College Col John Jogerst, USAF, Retired Navarre, Florida CMSgt Michael J. Young, USAF Dr. Tom Keaney Thomas N. Barnes Center for Enlisted Senior Fellow, Merrill Center Education at the School of Advanced International Studies AIR & SPACE POWER JOURNAL SPRING 2019 3 SENIOR LEADER PERSPECTIVE What Do People Want from Work? The Simple Question that Can Transform Unit Engagement and Retention BRIG GEN GEORGE M. REYNOLDS, USAF reating an organization that can consistently attract, engage, and retain talented people is difficult. It is especially challenging in industries where competition for talent is intense. Likewise, the transitory nature of careers is forcing organiza­ Ctions to pay special attention to how they discretely manage employees. Individuals have redefined their expectations and relationships with employers. Today’s employees view work differently and are progressively reevaluating and prioritizing work attributes such as flexibility, development, and enjoyment. These changes can be problematic for tradi­ tional human resource departments and organizational leaders. Developing effective cross-organizational programs, policies, processes, and culture that can satisfy employees while staying competitive is difficult for even the best teams. Organizations realize they must adapt and shift their focus toward employee-centric approaches. In short, they are asking and solving a simple question: What do people want from work? On its surface, this seems like an easy question for any organization to answer and maybe even too simplistic to base a complex human resources strategy. However, organi­ zations are repeatedly struggling to get this right. Many consistently miss recruiting, 4 AIR & SPACE POWER JOURNAL SPRING 2019 What Do People Want from Work? productivity, or retention goals. Even those which are succeeding have difficulty antici­ pating external and internal changes that can quickly drain talent. These are not easy tasks, but organizations that can focus on this simple question have the best chance to successfully attract, engage, and retain talent. This question is especially important for military organizations. Answering and focusing on what people want from work is not only necessary but also requires an organization- wide effort. Although most personnel solutions are conceived and executed at the higher- headquarter level, commanders and supervisors play an incredibly important role, especially with unit productivity and retention. Yet, they may not know where to focus their limited time and resources. This article’s individual-centric framework (ICF) pro­ vides organizations, commanders, and supervisors that focus by considering the question: “What do people want from work?”The ICF uses five distinct categories to answer this question—compensation, enjoyment, interest (and balance), career opportunity, and recognition. Why Should the Military Use an Individually-Focused Talent Management Framework? During the past decades, numerous social and business changes reshaped the relation­ ships, expectations, and social contracts between employees and companies including those within the military. These changes include improved productivity, declining union influence, the flattening of corporate structures, automation, a reliance on technology and information operations,
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