Organisation of Palliative Care in Belgium
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Organisation of palliative care in Belgium KCE reports 115C Federaal Kenniscentrum voor de Gezondheidszorg Centre fédéral d’expertise des soins de santé Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre 2009 The Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre Introduction : The Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE) is an organization of public interest, created on the 24th of December 2002 under the supervision of the Minister of Public Health and Social Affairs. KCE is in charge of conducting studies that support the political decision making on health care and health insurance. Administrative Council Actual Members : Pierre Gillet (President), Dirk Cuypers (Vice-president), Jo De Cock (Vice-president), Frank Van Massenhove (Vice-president), Yolande Avondtroodt, Jean-Pierre Baeyens, Ri de Ridder, Olivier De Stexhe, Peter Degadt, Daniel Devos, Jean-Noël Godin, Floris Goyens, Jef Maes, Pascal Mertens, Raf Mertens, Marc Moens, François Perl, Marco Schetgen, Yves Smeets, Patrick Verertbruggen, Michel Foulon, Myriam Hubinon Substitute Members : Rita Cuypers, Christiaan De Coster, Benoît Collin, Lambert Stamatakis, Karel Vermeyen, Katrien Kesteloot, Bart Ooghe, Frederic Lernoux, Anne Vanderstappen, Paul Palsterman, Geert Messiaen, Anne Remacle, Roland Lemeye, Annick Poncé, Pierre Smiets, Jan Bertels, Catherine Lucet, Ludo Meyers, Olivier Thonon. Government commissioner : Roger Yves Management Chief Executive Officer a.i. : Jean-Pierre Closon Information Federaal Kenniscentrum voor de gezondheidszorg - Centre fédéral d’expertise des soins de santé – Belgian Health Care Knowlegde Centre. Centre Administratif Botanique, Doorbuilding (10th floor) Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55 B-1000 Brussels Belgium Tel: +32 [0]2 287 33 88 Fax: +32 [0]2 287 33 85 Email : [email protected] Web : http://www.kce.fgov.be Organisation of palliative care in Belgium KCE reports 115C EMMANUEL KEIRSE, CLAIRE BEGUIN, MARIANNE DESMEDT, MYRIAM DEVEUGELE, JOHAN MENTEN STEVEN SIMOENS, JOHAN WENS, LIESBETH BORGERMANS, LAURENCE KOHN BRAM SPINNEWIJN, ANN CARDINAEL, BETTY KUTTEN, PAUL VANDEN BERGHE, DOMINIQUE PAULUS Federaal Kenniscentrum voor de Gezondheidszorg Centre fédéral d’expertise des soins de santé Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre 2009 KCE reports 115C Title: Organisation of palliative care in Belgium Authors : E. Keirse (Federatie Palliatieve Zorg Vlaanderen), C. Beguin (UCL, Brussels), M. Desmedt (UCL, Brussels), M. Deveugele (UGent), J. Menten (KULeuven), S. Simoens (KULeuven), J. Wens (UAntwerpen), L. Borgermans (KULeuven), L. Kohn (KCE), B. Spinnewijn (UA), A. Cardinael (UGent), B. Kutten (KULeuven), P. Vanden Berghe (Federatie Palliatieve Zorg Vlaanderen), D. Paulus (KCE). Acknowledgements : C. Léonard (KCE), B. Van den Eynde (UA), K. Dirven (UAntwerpen), L. Vos (UA), A. Drowart (ULB, Brussels), C. Doyen (Fédération Wallonne des Soins Palliatifs, Namur), L. Fontaine (Fédération Wallonne des Soins palliatifs, Namur), J. Lobbestael (UGent), S. Roels (UCL, Brussels), P. Fontaine (UCL, Brussels), Y. de la Kethulle (UCL, Brussels) External experts : N. Barthelemy (CHU Sart Tilman,Liège), Cécile Bolly (general practitioner, Neufchâteau), N. Bossuyt (Scientific Institute for Public Health, Brussels), J. De Lepeleire (KULeuven), D. Demuynck (Dijlehof, Leuven), M. Desmet (Virga Jesse Ziekenhuis, Hasselt), B. Gielen (Christian Sickness Funds, Brussel), R. Goetschalckx (National Institute for Health and Disability Insurance,Brussels), P. Pype (Palliatief Netwerk De mantel, Roeselare), T. Thibo (Ministry of Public Health), M. Pirson (School of Public Health, ULB, Brussels), M. Vanhalewyn (Scientific Society for General Practice, Brussels), A. Veris (UZ, KULeuven) External validators: Y. Bourgueil (IRDES, Paris), F. Buntinx (KULeuven), N. Van Den Noortgate (UGent) Conflict of interest: J. De Lepeleire declared to be member of the FPZV working group “Palliatieve Care and geriatry” Disclaimer: The external experts collaborated on the scientific report that was subsequently submitted to the validators. The validation of the report results from a consensus or a voting process between the validators. Only the KCE is responsible for errors or omissions that could persist. The policy recommendations are also under the full responsibility of the KCE. Layout : Ine Verhulst Brussels, 20 October 2009 Study nr 2007-18 Domain: Health Services Research (HSR) Mesh: Palliative care ; Health Services needs and demands ; Health Care surveys ; Economics, medical ; Review [Publication Type] NLM classification: WB 310 Language: English Format: Adobe® PDF™ (A4) Legal depot: D/2009/10.273/42 Any partial reproduction of this document is allowed if the source is indicated. This document is available on the website of the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre. How to refer to this document? Keirse E, Beguin C, Desmedt M, Deveugele M, Menten J, Simoens S, Wens J, Borgermans L, Kohn L, Spinnewijn B, Cardinael A, Kutten B, Vandenberghe P, Paulus D. Organisation of palliative care in Belgium – Supplement. Health Services Research (HSR). Brussels: Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE). 2009. KCE reports 115C (D/2009/10.273/42) KCE reports 115C Palliative Care i FOREWORD Notre société et son système de soins de santé accordent une importance particulière à la naissance et aux soins qui l’entourent, comme en témoignent plusieurs rapports du KCE. Le présent rapport se penche cette fois sur l’autre extrémité de la vie, sujet qui revêt une importance tout aussi primordiale. Il est coutume d’associer le terme « soins palliatifs » aux derniers moments de l’existence. De nombreuses voix s’élèvent cependant pour attirer l’attention sur les périodes parfois beaucoup plus longues durant lesquelles les personnes en fin de vie nécessitent des soins spécifiques, soins dont l’intensité va crescendo jusqu’en phase terminale. D’où l’importance de la question : « comment définir un patient palliatif ? » Une fois cette définition esquissée, qui sont ces patients en Belgique ? Combien d’entre eux nécessitent des soins spécifiques soit chez eux, soit en institution ? Quels seraient les soins les mieux adaptés à leur situation particulière ? Comment y répondre en termes d’organisation des soins et quelles sont les répercussions sur notre système de santé ? Ce rapport dévoile une par une les réponses à ces questions complexes et ce, grâce à une combinaison de méthodologies originales. Cette multiplicité d’approches a bénéficié d’une collaboration avec les fédérations de soins palliatifs et plusieurs équipes universitaires (KULeuven, UA, UCL, UGent). Leur travail de pionniers apporte une pierre d’angle solide pour bâtir l’organisation des soins palliatifs en Belgique avec le patient et ses proches au coeur des préoccupations. Jean-Pierre Closon Director General a.i. ii Palliative Care KCE reports 115C Executive summary BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The 2002 WHO definition states that “palliative care (PC) is an approach that improves the quality of life of patients and their families facing the problems associated with life- threatening illness, through the prevention and relief of suffering by means of early identification and impeccable assessment and treatment of pain and other problems, physical, psychosocial and spiritual”. Belgium has developed many structures and services for palliative patients. Palliative networks were created in 1997 e.g., to develop PC culture, to organize trainings for caregivers, to coordinate actions between organisations and services, to evaluate the palliative services. In home settings, palliative home care teams support caregivers and additional measures facilitate the care for the palliative patient who wishes to stay at home. First a “palliative lump sum” (“forfait/forfeit”) covers during two months the additional costs linked to PC. Furthermore, the palliative patient at home does not have to pay any personal contribution when treated by nurses, physiotherapists and general practitioners. Finally, palliative day centres give the families some respite. Two types of palliative care structures were set up in the hospitals. First, approximately 400 SP-palliative beds are clustered in small Palliative Care Units (PCU). Secondly, the palliative function has been developed in all hospitals to provide specific care support for palliative patients not staying in a PCU. A similar palliative function has been created in nursing homes (NH). Little scientific research has been conducted in Belgium on PC. The National Institute for Health and Disability Institute (NIHDI) has published statistics on the evolution of the budgets for the different PC structures. Sickness Funds and the “End-Of-Life Research Group” also published studies on end-of-life patients e.g. their health care pathway. This report completes those data by including in the research all palliative patients, independently of the care they receive. Moreover, the pilot study on costs analyses all of them, reimbursed or not by the health care system. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY The objective of this study is to define the palliative patient and his/her needs, to analyse the PC models described in the literature, to figure out the perception and experience of the general practitioners (GPs) in PC, to assess the prevalence and the care pathway of patients who need PC in Belgium. A pilot study on costs completes this analysis. METHODOLOGY The literature review was based on indexed literature (Medline, Embase, Cochrane) and on grey literature for the part on definitions (websites of international, scientific, professional and governmental