VOLUME II: CHEMICAL and BIOLOGICAL WARFARE and DRUG TESTING L Briefing Book Two: Chemical and Biological Warfare Program and Drug Testing Program Information

RCC2.950125.002

VOLUME II: CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AND DRUG TESTING L Briefing Book Two: Chemical and Biological Warfare Program and Drug Testing Program Information

Tab A Iafomation Paper: Chemical Warfare Program Prepared by CPT Barnett

Tab B Information Paper: Identification of Individuals Involved in CW Program Prepared by Mis. Fites' Office

Tab C Background Information: Chemical Warfare/Chemical and Biological Defense Information Analysis Center

Tab D Information Paper: Biological Warfare Program Prepared by CPT Barnett

Tab E Information Paper: U.S. Army Drug Testing Program Involving Human Subjects During the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. Prepared by MAJ Vander Hamm

Tab F "Report Human Experimentation Conducted or Funded by the Army" rL/ On U.S. Tab G Hearing Report: "Biological Warfare Testing", Subcommittee on Arms Control, International Security and Science of the Committee on Foreign AfTairs and the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Interior and Insular AfFairs and the Subcommittee on Military Installations and Facilities of the Committee on Armed Services, United States House of Representatives, 3 May 1988 P ,;. . . 4% -z Tab H Hearing Report: "Biological Testing Involving Hdsubjects by the ef, ' Department of Defense, 1977", Subcommittee on Hedith and Scientific Res of the Committee on Human Resources, United States Senate, 8 March aid *23 May 1977 i Tab I Haaring Report: "Department of Defense Safety Programs for Chemical and ' Biological Warfare Research", Subcommittee on Oversight of Government Magement of the Committee on Governmental AfFairs, 28 July 1988

Tab J Report: The U.S. Army Research & Development Program in Chemical, Biologkd and Radiological Warfare for Fiscal Year 1959 09/21/94 17:51 -

On 28 June 1918, the President of the United States directed the organization of the Chemical Warfare Sentice (CWS), undcr the Secretary of War. In October 1922, the CWS creatcd II Medical Racarch Division to conduct research dircctd at providing thempeutic and prophylactic defense measurw against chcmiml agents.

The evidence from this period indica- that voluntecr employees of Edgewoorl Arsenal wcrt the subjects used in various tats of mustard, phosgene, and other chemical agcnts. In early 1941, ihc thrcat of war caused greaer urgency for the dcvelopmcnt of proteciivc items and consequently a larger source of volunteers wa%needcd. The first recorded recruiting arrangement was a rcquwt made to all technical and officer personael at Edgewood Arscnal to participate in various tms. A method which man proved to he unsatisfactory. Generally, it was considered that repeated ~xposurctn agene was hamdous because the cumihiive effects of thc compounds were mi known, 3nd many ol the voluritwn, because of thcir technical qualificaiiuns had praunccivd tipinions as LO the reactions they should have to certain agents and thus were considered biascd.

'he documenmian frim this World War I1 period docs not show who authorized the use of hurnari voluatcers, or if it was a point of concern. If a sourcc of authority did exist, it was probably infornxil and reslcd with the local commander. June 1.942 records reflcct that the Stcrctary of War was requested to ruIc on the pcrmissibility of using tnlisid men for detail testing of mustard type agcnts. Reportdly, the Acting Secretary approved the test in principle and gnnted authorization. Large-scale human expcrirncnhlion was thereafter wnducttd at Edgcwuod Ancnal, as wcll as at ficid laboratories located ai Camp Siebert, Alabama, Bushnell. Floridn, Dugway Proving Ground, Utah, and San Jose Island.

The Amy's World War 11 mustard agent test progam tested prutcctive clothing, equipment, and antivcsieant oinimntj. In addition, the Army developed and tested aknsive clicrnical wcapons and evaluated the ef1cztivencsss and pcrsistcncy 01 mustard agcnls sn differmi environments. Tcsi documents show that gas chamber tests and skin tests wetre. conducted at Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland, and thai field test. wcrc conducted at Bushnell Field, Florida, For! Picrcc, Florida, Dry Tortugas, Florida Keys, San Jose Island, Panama CadZone, Camp Siebert, Alabama, Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah, Camp Pdk, Louisiana, Guifport, Mississippi, El Ccntro. California, San Carlos, Califomis, Fort Richardson, Alaska, and New Guinea.

Tlic Army's records of mu..tard agent test activities do not idcntify soldiers who participated in World War IT chemical tests. Howevcr, the review ol "Medical Research in Chemical Wariarc," estimates that thc number nf participant$ to be in the thousands. The liisiory shows that over 1000 soidicrs were commended fcir their participation in tests in which they aibjjtcted themselvcs to "pain, discotnfbrt, and possible pemanerii injury for the advanccment of rcstarch in protection of our armcd lorce." mic records do not indicate howcver what typcs of teSm tlicse soldiers parlicipatcd in, According to thc report 200 and 300 soidicrs wcrc available at Edgewood and Dugway Proving Grounds to participate in experiments fmm Dtccmber 1944 until the end of the war.

Following WW 11, it wns clear that Germany had stockpilcd organic phosphate coinpounds (nerve 'b agenk) far more dadly than chemical agents in the Allied anenal. This developed 3 new scries of w UUJ 09/21/94 17:52 * ------.

challengts fnr [he Corps. Discovering methods tu countp.riict thc lethal effects of thac \J/ compounds bec8mc a primary goal of the medical research. Amcriccm rcsearchca were unable to lacatc: any uablt reecitrch evidence that the Gcrmans had conducui meaningful human experimentation's with the ncrve ageii~~.Thm it was nccrssaxy to spend the next scveral ycan conl'irming German ruearch Jm by animal expcrimentatioa and by compiling sufficient infamation to determine the safe expcrimcntal dose for nim. Whcn the nccmssary animal cxpcnmtak had hem concluded and the Clhcrnical (-:orps investigators were confident ol their ability to sofely conduct experiments in man, the question again surfawd as to where the volunteers would cnma from.

In the early MQs,Ihe Army Chemical Corps began a classified medical research progam for developing incapacitating agents that continued until 197s. This program involveci testing chemicals including nerve agents, nerve agent antidotcs, psychochemicals, irritant.., and vesicant agcnts. Human volunteer newe agent testing with G-agcnls was conducted during the early 195(15. In the late 1950's after approval by the Secretury of the Army, testing with V-agent bcgsn. The chemicals were given Lo volunteer scnke members at Fdgcwood Arsenal, Maryland, Dugway Proving Grounds, Utah, and Forts Benniiig, Bragg, and McClellan.

The Army canllticted an exensivc human testing prugram at Edycwocld fmm 1955 to 1975. Human volunteers wrc exposed to chemical agent!! to see how that agcnt might affect humans and how such akwdbumans might respond to therapy, Ttic program consisted of B wide variety of testq including: chemical agents, treatmetit ~Impfor chemical agents, personncl b protective equipment. skin penetralion, irri rani agent!, and personnel pcrfomiancc measurements. Approximately 7,000 soldiers took part in this progrdrn. The percentage of volunteer hours were broken down according lo experimental miqprits: incapacitating compound - 29.9%, lethal campuncis (aniichotinesicrases, cylinide) - 14.595, riot control compauads - 14.2%, protective equipment and clothing (masks and climatic effectc) - 13.2%. effecis of dmp and enviroiirncntal stress an human physiological mechanisms - 6.464 dcvelopmcnt evaluation and tesi procediircts (conipounds in body fluids, stress condition) - 12.5'3~~human factors tcm (ability of volunteers to fuJIow insmictions) - 2.191,other (visual studits, slecp deprivation, incapacitating compounds effecton rifle team) - 7.2%.

Of thc 34,500 compounds studied by the Chemical Corps, approximately 150 chemicals were used in the humarri volunteer program, of which i~pproximatelySO were therapeutic agents approved by the Food and Drug Administratimi or art well known solvents and nutricnts. The Army's Medical Ruearch aiid Develnpment Command, Fort Detrick, Maryland, maintains records uf the test paflicipanrs and the chcmicals to which they werr: exposed.

The cheniical compounds used in Human Testing at Edgcwood Arsenal from 1,955 to 1975 include: #micho/incra'q - Smpolaniiiic, BZDitmn, "sevcral numbered"; BarbiturqttS - Amytal, Nembutal, Phenobarbital, Suxinal; Riammtk - Antipyrinc, Sulfobmnphthalci til, Indocardio grcen, Sod i 11 rn Am tnohippuratc; An tichal iw. SL; ApenB - DFP, Physastigminc, Prostigmine. GD, Malathion, tik CF,VX, GB, G-V;hiidotq - Arropine, Benactyzinc, Homatropine. Sodium Nitriu, Vasoxyl, Methscapolaminc, SOL, metatropiiie, TI-& BTR: mmes - Protopam 'L/ chloridc, P2S. 'I'MB4, Toxogonin; Irritants - DMHP,DEP, "several numbered"; Misctllunenus -

2 klrenalin, Al~ahul,himy1 Nitrite, Artane, Arnmnnium Chloride, Henadryl, Caffcine, Conipazine, Cogcntin, Curate, Dapsone, ncxedrinc, I)ilantin, Dihenzylinc, Hepariri, Inderal, lsuprel, Lanoxin, Lidocaine, Maidid, Mechoiyl Chloridc, Mcprobamatc, My laxin, PABA,Propylene glycol, Prolixin. Pryibcneamine, Rtscrpine, Ritaliri, Sodium Hicarbonale, Thiamin, Thorazine, Urccholin, Valium, ACTII, Nitmgcn Dioxide, SernyI, LSD, SHTP, Mustard, and N-Octylaminc.

In addition to the testing previously discusscd, ticid testing was also conduct& on small military units to examine beeffects of psychuchcmical agents on military opcmtions. 'Ihcse tests were conducted 31 Fort Bragg, North Carnlina; Fort McClellan, Alabama; Fort Bcnning, Georgia; and Dupay Proviiig Ground, Ihdh. Thc Army also cnnductcd field tcstiriy in the late 1950's and carly 1.960's usin8 a wide range of chcmiczll compound. at Dugway Proving Ground, Utah; Edgtwood Arsmal, Mary laad; England; Hawaii; Horn Island, Mississippi; Mnrshall Islands; Maryland; San Jose bland, Panama; L.TSAA'I"C, Fort Grmly, Alaska; Water Island, Virgin Islands; und Yuma Proving Ground, Arizona. Sins that tinit limited field testing without human test subjects has bcan done: at Dugway Proving Ground.

A 1975 Dcpartmcnt of the Arniy Inspector Gencral report, concluded that, "the cvidtncc clearly rcfltctcd that wtty pnssible medical consideration was observed by the professional invcstigalors at ihc Medical Research Laboratories." The rcport also states, "(the) volunteers were not fully informed, as required, prior m their pariicipatian; and the methods of procuring thcir services, in niany cases, appured not to have becn in accord wilh the intent of (the) Department of thc Army policies govcming (thc) use of voluntctrs in research.'' On 28 July 1975 Acting Secretary ol the Army Norman R. Augustine suspended testing of chemical compounds on huniari vuluntecrs ai Fdgcwood Arsenal.

Prepared by CPT BanietV77001

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. L __TEL No.1. ... - 301--- 676 9703 .- Se_t121,94--.-_ . 5:53 P.01 ., 60/10/04 17:07 @J 007

Thc Unitcd $yteq began its Biological Warfare (BW) Program in 1942, The ufknsive L aqpecra of he. program wcie sluppcd by Presidential Directive in 1909, and by 1973 !he U.S. had dcstmyed all of its UW ottemivc capabilitics. Today only defensive work continues.

Thc policy of the United Sia~rtgirding biological warfare between 1941 atid 1969 was to first deter its use agairist thc Uniierl Slales and its forces, and secondly, to rcraliate if deterrence. Failed. Fundamental to the development of a deterrent strategy was the nccd for a thorough study and alialysis of Our vulnc;rdbiiiLy to hulh wen and covert attack, and an examination uf the potential ranse of retaliatory options. From in inception, ihe. program was characterized by continuing indcpth rcvicw and participation by the most cmincn t scientists, medical consulrants. industrial experts, arid gcrvemrncnt officials.

Prior to 1977, the BW program was classified up to Top Smrct. In 1977, must aspects of the pngtam wcrc clcclassified, and information related to the program was released tn Congress and the public. Congressional hearings were held on this subjcct, beginning 8 Marc11 1977, arid concurrent with the hearings, the Army released an unclassified report tilled. "U.S.Army Activity in ihe US. HiologicaI Warfare Programs." The report contains extensive information on thc data and locations of tats, 1ype.s of agents and simulants used, and rationale for the US. hiolngical pograrn.

The BW warfare program weas concerned principally with antipersonnel and anticrop L agents and aqsociated delivery capabilities, and 10 a lesser degree antianimal agents. Biological testing was conducted in laboratories, closed chambers, opeu air field (largc scale), and us4 both simulanls and pathogens. The open air field testing was conducted in the continental U.S. and extra continental and in both public and non-public domains (military Ii~stallatiora).Thc Biological Warfare prugram also included human volunteers under a codename "Operation Whitecoat."

Antioersonna agent research covered a wide range of highly inkclious pdLhUgenlC bticteria. rickettsial, viruses, and fungi, and extremely toxic products of biological origin (toxins). Research efhw wen;: direcicd toward selecting and preserving the most virulent strains, tstahlishing human dosages, enhancing storability, and survival when released as an scrosol. Technology for large scale production of the most proniising agents was develo,ped. Numerous field trials with actual pathogenic agents were conducted at Dugwsy Proving Ground, Egiin Air Force Base, Fori Detrick, and u farm owned by the University of Wiscoasin. Ttic mting agcnll iooludcd CAixiclla humctti, Pasteurella &,

-, -, .I Pasteurella tularensis, Brucella melitensis, Clostridium Mrulinum toxin, Coccidioides. Hog Cholcra, and Ncw Castlc Disease. Human test subjects were not used as a pan of these trials.

Total destructiun uf antipersonnel BW stocks was accomplished between 10 May 1971 and 1 May 1972. "hey were destruyed by pasteurization at 160 degrees for one hour and L then further sterilized at 280 degrees for three hours. The facilities were completely ., 09/19/94 17:08 e

decontaminatad and Lurned over fo thc Food and Drug Administration to hccome the L National Ccnter for Toxicological Resenrch.

Open air vulnerability tats wcrc conducted using BW siniulati& and certain selected iriorgiinic materials such as fluorescent particles. Hundreds of srmulnnt tests were conducted. Human test subjccts were not used; however. due to ~hcscalr of some tests. humans were exposed to simulant~.The aumber of humans subjected to exposure is unknown.

The two IIIC~PLcnrnrnunly used biologkal simulants were Sermria rnarccsceng (SM) and Bacillus subtillis varian niecr,- normally referred to as Bacillus dobie;ii (BG). SM w0s used ;ISil bacterial marker, arid is commonly found in water, food and sewage. In 1969 it was rucuynizcd as having limited pathogenic capability and was not used for study of experimental int'cction in man. BG is considered ubiquitous in naturc. I[ can be readily cultured from hay, dust, milk, and water. It was considered by medical authorities LO be harmless LO man and is still used roday in BW defensive programs. Asucreillus hmienttti (AF), a fungus simulant, was us& on fvur uccasions in open air rests from 1950-1953and abandoned when antifungal agents were removed born the BW program. AF is ubiquitous in nature and is considered an opportunist causing aspergillosis in debilitated persons. Urainc dyc, lipstick, and talc were also used as antipersonnel agent simulants. The most cnmmonly used fluorascent particle ('Fp) was an inorganic complex known as zinc cadmium sulfide. The US. Arniy Center .€orHcalth Promotion and Preventive Medicine L (lormcrly the Army Environmental Health Agency) recently completed three, Health Risk Assessmantls for three cities involvcd in FP aerosol testing. In all three cases. the wscwments concluded that the level of risk experienced by inhabitants in the test areas was below the 1994 Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) standards. Additionally, the assessment concluded that rhc risk of cxp~scdindividuals developing caticer is bduw the accepted level of risk established by the [IS. Environrnentul Protecrion Agency for the general population. In August 1994, the Center for Disease Caritrul and Prevention. in an independent review of the study, conuludcd Lhal zinc cadmium sulfide tests conducted by the Army posed negligible health threats to residents of the test arms.

The vulnerability tests arc outlincd in thc 1977 rcpon, and include simulant testing in bocli public and nonpublic donlains. The first large area vulncrabilily test was conducted in San Francisco, Csliforniu. in September 1950, using sirnulam BO,SM, and fluorescent particles. The first open air sea tests were conductcd in the Atlantic Ocean using simulanta: $G and SM. In 1957 and 1958, the Army conducted its largest vulnerability tesi, Operution Large Area Covcragc (LAC). The testing area covered the United States €rum thc Rockies to the Atlantic. and from Canada to the Gulf of Mcxicu in hrseparate testing phases. These tesls used the fluorescent particle zinc cadmium sulfide to determine thc distancc and direction of disbursement. The objective of LAC testing was LO

deteiinine the logistics and fcasibilily ufcuntaminating a large area with BW agents. , L Other large area vulnerabi lily tests were conducted in Minnesota, Missouri, Texas,

2 . .. 09/10/04 17:OO ‘LT

Florida. Utah, California. Indiana, Arkamas, Maryland, and along the easlern and western L coastlines of the United States.

Anticrn!, RW rcsearch included agcnt strain selection. evaluation of nutritional requirements, development of optimal growth conditions and harvesting techniques, and preptlred agents in a limn suitable for diS;semina[ion. Extensive field testing was done to assess the effectiveness of asents on crops. Many candidate anticrop BW agcnts were screened resulting in fivc standardized BW anticrop agenfi that inciuded various stern rust uf wheat and rye, and rice blast. Human test subjects were not a part of this program. Over 25 anticrop tests were conducted. Toul destruction of anticrop agents and dccontarninotion of facilities was accomplished between 19 April 1971 and 15 February 1973.

AnhWsimulant tests were conducted as part of the Biologicd Warfare Program. The ICSG examined the vulnerability of animal stockyards to covcrt BW attacks. The testing involvd acroaol deodorant and poscd nn health risk to humans or the animals. A1 least six tests wett conducted.

It was dekrmincd in 1952 that while tests with sirtiufants had demonstrated the vulnerability of the 1J.S to biological attack, no scientific datu was available to asscss human vulncr3hility to biological agents. A Humall Volunleer Testing program was established, and examinul the vulnerability of man to biological agents, prevention and L treatment of BW casu;lltieS, and identification of biological agents.

The 1977 “1J.S. Atmy Activity in the U.S. Biological Warfure Programs“ report includes H historical review of the Human Volunteer Tcsting propam. From 1954-1976 the U.S. Army Medic81 Research btitute of Infectious Disease conducted human BW test studies with more than 2000 volunteers. Thc program volunteers wcrc assembled from aclivc duty military, rcwarch team members, and civilians. Civilian vvlunteeIs were selected Born personnel who maintained conscientious objector draft status, the majority of which were membm of the Seventh Day Adventist Church. Numcrous testing protocols included humari testing with Coxiewetti , Tularcmia, Rift Valley Fever, Venezuelan Equine Enccphalitis, Pasteurella tularensis, Bactcrial Endotoxin, Bolivian Hemorrhagic Fever, Q Fcvcr, Sanrlfly Fever, Plague vaccine, Yellow Fever, Adenovirus Vaccine, ChikungunyA Vaccine, Western and Eastern Equine Encephalitis Vaccine, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Vaccine. and Influenza Virus Vaccinc. The Report also indicate. that 21 classified projwls were cunducted during this period.

The US. Public Health Service closely followed the progress of BW research and development from the very start 01 the program. 7’he Surgeon General of the Amy maintnined close liaison with mcdical personnel right on the scene working within the research and development laboratories. In 1956, the Army Medical Unit was established at Ft. Detrick with the mission to conduct defensive R&D including prophylactic and therapeutic measures. more rapid tffectivc; diagnostic and identification procedures and to L evaluate the threat of BW tn the military from a medical point of view.

3 L The sat'cty and medical aspects of testing wiih biological matcrinl were of ovcrwhdming conccrn to management horn inccption of [he BW progam, primarily because of the many unknown f~clun.and the potential severe danger to cmpioyees 8s wcll as the local community. A major ssfcty organization was always cstablished along with ihc operation organizations, Since many of the early aspects of the safety atid medical program were of necessity experimental, it was nccessary to confer with and have the approval of the Surgeons Gcneral of the military scwicw for much of its operations. US. Public Health Service maintairied oversight of the program and provided advice OR public health.

The concern for safely and medical aspect! is further nuled by the dcliheratioris ol'various external advisory committees such as "The U.S. Biological Warbrc Committee'' (Merck Committee) in 1942. and the Committee on Biological Warfare of The Natiorial Military Estahlishmcnt Research arid Develupment Board (F3aIriwin) in 1948. With [he advent of the requirement to determine the field environment effects such as varying tcmperature, humidity, terrain. to include: structures, sunlight. winds, CIC., un BW agent.., independent cxtcrnal advisory committees were formd to rcvicw, comment upon, and make recommendations conccrning iesi protocols. "lit: comrni ttees were "The Ad Hoc Committee an BW Testing" (Schcclc Committee - 1953), and "The Interagency Survey Committee on BW Testing" (Pricc Committee - 1959). Thc members of these comrnittces were cmincnt authorities in their ficlds of biological and medical scicnccs and were drawn l5om variows universities, federal, and state agencies.

L Tfmc pioneering effort.. subsequently became the foundation for infectious disease safety procedures, techniques and equipment throughout thc scientific and industrial communities in the world. Information gained from BW Warfare Prvgnm has been of value not only lo the rniiitary, but also to public health, agriculture, industry, and thc fundamentslk sciences. Today's defensive program continues, and SG&S to funhcr develop effective warning and detection devices, protective clothing and equipment, and wntinues to assess the vulnerability of the US. and it.. force to enemy BW threat.

Prepared by CPT Barnett/X77001

4 * .;z 09/19/04 17:04 B 09'/18/94 22:Os 01 301 61s 7803 H0MU)AL SRD-RCO

L SGRD - RCQ la September 1994 IWWATION PAP= SUBJECT: U.S. Army Dwg Testing Programs Involving Human Subjects During the 1950fs, 1960'~,and 1970's 1. ISSUE: Congressman John Conyers, Jr, Chairman, Legislation and National Security Subc&ttee has requested of the Department of Defense infomation for testlmdny on 28 Sep 94. The Office of The Surgeon General of the Army has been requested to provide information on the subject lfne noted above. 2. FACTS: a. BACKGROUND: Biomedical research programs are the oldeat research programs in the Armed Forces with their beginnings in the early 1800's. Prom the 1800's le-g up to the 19501a the military was involved in many programs testing drugs an8 vaccine& in hum subjects, a short list follows: Small pox vaccinations, gastrointestinal studies, yellow fever etudiee, the develogmdnt of an effsctive antityphoid vaccine, the development of chlorine to purify drinking water, the ube of emetine to treat dysentery, the developmenc of a rabies vaccine, the use of Atabrine (quinacrine or mepacrine) was rested as a substitute for @nine in combating malaria, large scale production of Western and Eastem equine encephalitis began and the first cure of typhoid faver with chloramphenicol was reponed. In the 1950's aad 1960rs the military in particular studied and participated in the development of a safe Venezuelan Equine BncephslSt$e vaccine and an oral adenovirus vaccine. Sulfamylon, an antibacterial cream was developed for the treatment Qf pseudomonas infection6 in burn patients. The extensive lntralvement an Vibc Nam required many studies with antibacterJa1 and antimalarial drugs involving service members in or returnlag fr endemic areas. In the late 60'8 and earlier 70's studies wgeconducted using gamma globulin for prevention of hepatitis. In 1976,the use of acetazolamide for Acute Mountain Sickness was validated. During the 1970's in particular, multiple other clinical investigations with the rise of antibiotic$ (carbenicillin, tetracyclines, etc) and other drugs (antacids and cimetidine for Curling's ulcer) would alao take place patallel EO that in the ctvilian community. Cer.tla4.n scubies during the cold war era have captured much attentian. Studies with malaria drugs and prisoners took place from 1945 thrmgh 1975, Project white Coat began testing products for biologdcal defense from 1954 thraugh 1973, the first U.S. Anny cheacal Cbrgs studies with d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and other hallucinogenic drugs, BZ and scopolamine, and cormnerclally availmle approved drugs began in the early 1950's and continuerdl thrcrugn 1967 for LSD, 1957 through 1969 for BZ, and L 1960 through 1975 far acopoladne. The following paragraphs will 1 * ... 09/19/94 17:05 a 00118/f~r 22:06 Si 301 610 ?sa3 IQXRDALSGRD-RCQ

deacribe theee three major cola war drug testing programs. b. MA53LRIA RESEARCH: The U.S. Government sponsored malaria research involving prisoners from 1945 chrough 1975. The urgent need was created by the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. practically all the world ii%pply of quinine was denied the allies by that eveat and its consequences. The actual magnitude of the malaria problem in World War II greatly exceeded even the most pessimistic prediction of the time. In reasporme to this need, the Corcpnlttcc on Medical Research of the Offbce of Scientific Research and Development, National Research Council, organized and sponsored the drug development: program. The U.S. Was otialIE? f several malaria c/ caoperating federal agencies. The great SUCCC of this effort was realized in the discovery of chloroquine, a drug with rapid and unsturgrassed antimalarial acCiVlty until the development of resistance in the mid 1960's. world war fI an8 the later 1940's several sites the testing new compounds. The U.S. Arnry was primarily involved with Stateville Penitentiary, Illinois. Prom the onset, che use of prison vblunteefs was open to public scrutiny a$ ewidsnced by an editorial in the New gagland Journal of medicine in March 1945 and other public observation of the program. me volunteers were white male inmates, 21 to 45 years of age and in good physical health and mental. health. They were cognizant of the nature of the exgerimants and were able to remain und,er observation for 18 months. Volunteerism was popular a& there was an associated air of patriotism. Mare prfsoners volunteered than could be accepted into the program and they were promised no special privileges or reward. At the end of WWII Illinois Governor Green appointed a cfvilian ConPllittet of health professaonals, clew and businessmkn to advise the Department of Public Safety relative to the ethical pranclples governing conditions under dbich prisoners might be permitted to serve as subjects for medical experiments. Their report was published io 3949 and reiterated cbe principles of the Nlrremberg Code. The Cmitcee concluded, "An example of human experiments which were ideal because of their conformity with the foregaing ethical rules are the experiments at Stateville." fn the 195OtstfW&@&d interest in malaria research was d 9-4 by thh Korean Wax. U.S. support for research involving prisoners at Stateville was augmented and led to the discovery of Primaquine which to this day is still a vital compoi~emtan the anti-malaria drug armamrtntarhm. rn the 1960's the discovery of chloroquine-resistant malaria in Southearat Asia initiated the need for new effective antimalarial Wgs. In addition to Statedlle Penitentiary, additional facilities for clinical trials Of new drugs were rraquired. In 1963 to 1964 Studies were initiated under government contract at Kansas city Jail, University of Missouri, L and Mawland House of Correction, University of Maryland. As an 2 9.- b9/19/94 17:05 S .. @I004 -_ 09/18/54 22:08 el 301 619 7803 EOKUDAL SGRD-RCQ aloor/ooe

integral pabt of cheir Contract the esoential elemsnts 02 A- Regulation 70-25)were included. nJo additional facilities were used brief1 in the early 19SO's, Oklahoma State Prison at Mdeater, ~Rtahoma,and the Florida Cotreccional Institution, .r(Universlty of Florida College of Medicin$. The u.S, Army ' Investigacinnal Drug Review Board apprwed each fitudy and insured that the potential volunteers were informed as to the nature and hazard6 of their participation h the studies, and that they were allowed the right to withdraw from participation without prejudice. ul of the U.S. Army prison programs were stopped in 1975. Alternative procedures for continuing antimalarial drug testing in free living volunteers were subsequently developed by the Walter Retd Army Institute of Research and are active today. The U.S. Army worked with approximately 7000 prisoners over the period Lpbm 1945 to 1975. We have(been to14 that there were three doaths during the claR;CI early years; one -own cause, one a prison assassination, and 0x18 case cog acute leukemia temporally related to participation in the program. Since the U.S. Army has been directly involved there war5 one additional case that may have been related to malaria irlleactian or his treatment. Briefly, this man was infected with malaria, treated with quinine, responded normally 7' with erad$.Catian of parasites from his blood 3V developed d He died about 2 months later from sept iced4 peritoneal dialysis. The pathologic disease unknown L diagnosis was TTP, an obscure of etiology. C. L$D. BENZILATE (BZ) ANI) SCOPOLAMINE STUDIBG; The remarkable hallucinogenic properties of lygergic acid diethylam&& (LSD) were diacavered in Switzerland in 1943. In the 1950's LSD at first glance seemed to possess ma~l roperties desirable In the "idealH chemical warfare agent %&a humane weapon temporarily disabling enemy troops so they could be captured unharmed. It was known to be effective in incredibly small amounts and conveniently colorles8, odorless, and taateless. Because of these properties, in addition to the rumored u6e of LSD OF some similar agent by the Soviet bloc nations for the purpose af Interrogation and behavioral control (brainwashing), the U.S- Axmy Chemical Corps and the U-S. Anny Intellig-e Corp6 decided to conduct a series o€ experiments with LSD. nese tests began in 1955 and continued through 1967. volunterr relearch SubjeCCS were solicited from the Army In general and from the Chemical Carps. Mistakes were made involving the process of informed consenc in some cases vhere the subject8 Mere volunteering for research but were not told they were in drug research or it they did know they were in drug research they may not haw been told what drugs they were taking. All available evidence indicates chat with one exception with the initial Oqtelligence testing, LSD-exposed subjects voluntarkly participated in the chemical warfare testing and were informed ahead of tinwe that they would be receiving a peychoactiva agent. L The question is not whether the subjects volunteered, but whether 3 - .. 09/19/94 17:06 I3 * 0%/18/04 22:Of e1 301 610 7803 HGXRDAL SGRD-RCO

they were provided sufficient information to pennit an enlighrened decision. Strict medical supervision was provided during the tmating and,& rior to the actual receipt of the drugs. Almsr all Subjects receB ved some degree of psychological screening a&d 30 to 50 percent of the Army vdlunteers were turned down during the screening process. The bulk of the testing waa carried QUE ar Edgewood Arsenal, Maryland, although other sites such as Ft. Btenning, Ft . Bragg, Ft . McClellan and Dugway Proving Ground were wed OccaShnally. Projects were designed to obtain informatian dot only about the possible usefulness of LSD in operations against an enemy force, but also about means that might be taken to defend against the use of LSD to disrupt u.S. forces. By, 1967, the necessary data had been obtained and further LSb research was discontinued. The civilian community over these same years was testing LSD On a much larger scale, On 28 July 1975 Acting Secretary of the Army Noman R. Augustine suspended testing et chemical carnounda an human volunteers at Edgewood Axsenal. The ot;hes drugs in this pfogram ware primarily E2 and Scopolamine. Benzilate (82) is a glycolate estet>& has a different ririte of action than the LSD/Mescallne/amphetamine group and is an atropine like acetylcholiae antagonist. Scopolamine (hyasck e) is a belladonna alkaloid re ted to atropine and inhibitpkhe action of acetylcholine can be called an antimuscaSinic agent. a- Other dmgs are also shown on a Psychoactive Agents Roster 43s abbrevhtions that were sometimes tested in combj-nation with LSD, BZ 05 SCopolamine,+y Include: VX, pa, SHTP, G-VAGT, Progly, CS, mechol, GD, heparin, TIS, NXTDIO, DIBENZ, DM, ACTH, SERNYL, bIW, ALD, 3443, 2233RM, ALCOHOL, BOL, 301060, 1476, MAISSt, SDRIN, TBORAZ, SBCQ, PHYSOS, GP, DFP, VALIUM, THIAMI, BTA, NEMBVI', PAM51 ANTIPY, PROGLY, LANOXI0 AMYLNI, COMPAZ, PROLIX, AMYTAL, RITALI, CAFFEI, PAMINE, BKNACT, 2PAMcL, PAH, SODNIT, LZDOCA, ISUPREL - These are 54 contracts or reports of contracts, with flW&rc-kl cut Universikies and chemical COTnpanies form 19SO-1971. were awarded for Incapacitating agent research. The agent/awgs used were physical incapacitants such as mozphine, demrol, Seconal, 6copolamine, chlorpromaeine, and sccobarbical , Mental incapacitant8 studies include% LSD, mescaline, atropine, psilocfbtn, BZ and glycolate campoUnas. over 7000 volunteers participated in many types af research, which included drug research (686 LSD subjects) , at Edgewood Arsenal wfthout a single fatality or serious injury. a. LSD FOLLOW-UP STUDIES: SeveraL LSD follow-up medical evaluation atudies took place in the 1970's, beginning with Project 33, in 1974-75. In the meantime, public an8 congressional interest in chemical warfare testing was stimulated by, among other thingo, the disclosure of the tragic suicide in 1953 of am Army mathematician shortly atter surreptitiously being L given LSD by non-military experimenters. In 1975, congressional 4 . .. -.. 09/19/94 17:07 % OO/l8/84 22:07 301 618 fa03 -1 HQURDAI. SGRD-RCO

inwstigat~rsrequested that measures be taken to Locate and evaluate dolt poasible long-term advercle eftects all fomr participmC8 ia Army chemical warfare reeaarch with LSD. Project 28 and PrdjeCt 50/50 followed with the number indicating the number of paeticipa-nts in the follow-up study. In 1978 a follow- up office was establighed and it proceeded co contact all individuals from a comprehensive roster of 686 individuals believed ta have received LSb. Or those, 320(47b) individuals electing to participate were pro\rided travel at government expenge to sulected Army Medical Center6 for evaluation. A 158 page summary report of this medical follow-up program was prepared in 1980. AS a group, the "LSD Subjects" appeared to be relatively stable s~~~ially,unusually well educates. and econamicslly successfur- The medical and psychiatric flndiags tor those 220 subjects @xaminad directly, a6 well as that obtained from the additional 100 8ubJOCtS examined by questionnaire, appeared to generally patallel~both& type and f rsquenq) &be findings which could be eucpected- in a comparable ecgment of the general a population. e. PROJECT WWIT8COAT: Originated in 19% following a series of meetings between representatives of the General Confercaqs of the Saverich-day Advsnfist Churcll and of The Surgeon General df the Amy. It canthue8 at Port bettick, Maryland uti1 the emd of the draft in 1973. hfectiWS disease rteeech with voluntaez: ~~ L conrinusrg today eolaiexs and civflian subjects ./P$'"PA.- project Whitecoat wae.originally 8Stablhhbd te determine che' vuinerabllity of man to attack with bialogical weapons using Q fever as a prototype. Personnel for Project Whitecoat were recruited from military personnel with a X-A-0 (Consc~en't~ous objector) classification undergoing Bask and Advancad Individual Trainiw at the Medical Training Center, Fort Sam Rowtan. These personae1 were given a complete axid c~rehensaveexplanation of the program including diacusslon of the risk involved. The following day they were interviewed individually aad offered an additional opportunity ta ask gutstions am¶ indicate theLr desire to gartfdtpate or not. Many mare individuals volunteered than could be accepted. After administrative processing the!ere volunteers were assigned to variguil noncopatant -type duties at c;[()y*3L Port Detrfck. Volunteers ooerewricfed on mividual project# arid 4hoge who$ &ose to volunteer: signea consmc farms. Mulltiple p, &, vaccim and antibiotic studies were conducted on a wide valtlety kP of inferctLous diseases, The entire progxam was initially rn0nit:o-d by the Cammiasion of Epidemiological Survey of the limned Forces Spademiology Board. Bzoject Whitecoat involved 2200 soldiers between 1954 and 1973. Prepared by: MAlf Vander Ham, DSN 343-2165

5 can be chnnged not onlp to permit the resenrch tlint can conditione of a controlled populntion, but also to Im- prhona. The most preaelng chnnge is to permit un- nnd telephone contact with the outside world. Equnllp important 1s ltQe need to permit iinhnmpered nccem to lnwycre, the physicinn friend, and to tlroae in a prlsoner'a life \vho cnre nhut him. These two Improvements would give milch meater vulldlty to un informed conserit and provide some ineneuree of protectloti lor the experImentA subject. Yore dif3culE bo change, but equnlly iinportnnt if xubJectx nre to be pnid, la the nvailnbility of meaningful employment. The current prnctice of keeping men in enforced urnemployment is riot only very costly for the atntc, but nlso converts pnyment gireii to ieeenrcli suhjectn into ti coercive force. Tliis point fa cepeclnlly cipplicnble to indlvldunlx incnrcernted for loiig perlode of time where their per- aonnl resourex I)wonie exliniisted. hltlioirgh prisoners nrc' generally opposed to the totnl elimipntlnii of research. I tloii1)t tlint this would he true if tli~y\vere given nii nlteriiat 11.e Cor nieiyiiififiil nnci miiiiful cmplayinetit. Coercion n8 an Inatitutiolinl pollcg is nluo lncoiiipntible wlth rwcurcll. Wlieii infornintioa regcirding n pcrxon'n piirticil)atioii is IINC~in fortiiulnting decisloiiu nhut n pri~ontdndegree of frec{loiii, rwenrcli 18 not possllile. Siiiillnrly, wlieti tlie improvc liv- In wery inatntice. rexponsibillts iiltlmntely rexts wltli the invextigntar. Tt !s Iic wlro must iiNwiiw thnt coiidit ions conipn til)le with ritrrrtit xocliil tiioren nre pi'mciit prior to stnrtlng n prajcct. Where cnndltlow In nn institutloii mnke exprinietitntioii questIonnl)lc, the io- vestigntor ~llo~ldelther tnke nil cwtivc role 111 pre.wiiring for chniige tlint will pcrmit resenrch, or fliid niiother pqulntion to work with. CKoltQF.DACII-S-RITA. >ID. SAX FRAXcI@CO.

REPORT OS HUMAXEXPERIMESTATIOS COSIlUCTEIl OR E'UPIDED BY TIIE r\ltbIP The SPEAICERpro temp)re. tTiitlern previous order of the IIoitsc tlie geiitlemnn frnni Sc\v Pnik (blr. L)o\viiey) is recomizd for 30 iiiliiiitea. 11r. 1)ownt:r OC Set\- Yark. llr. Si)eiikrr. I ruluiiit tlrc folli)\vlng rcliort on hiimiiii ~Xpf?F~~@J~tnt~OllOf thC U.S. hrmg :

AX EXFF2l1YE~TAflOSCOSDUCTED OH FI'SI)EIl nY TIIE U.R. ARMY '' (13s Coiijiresstiinii Tlininns J. Downey

"ISTRODUCTIOS "Experfmcntntinn with liallucinagenic driws by our .\rnietl Services is by now n well known fnct. Iii July of this yenr ricws reportw reveiilcrl tlic esisteirce of progrnms for drug testing nt Ecljie\vootl Amennl. I was tlistiirbcd nt tliesc dls- closiires and ritrdertook to learn iiiorc nboiit experimentntion being conducted by the .lrmy, Air Force, nnd the Snvy. "For mnnv reeks, as I uncovered more and more lnformntion nhut the testing k.bromnms, m$ concern deepened. I lenrned of Army testing ;>rocedures thnt ap- :ad te, of disturbing effects of the drug teste on amumber of at lenst one volu !ind died a8 a result of the drug -.I Sces Committee hns undertnkcn nn intter, nn lnvestljintion tlint I flrst nsked for on July 17. hnt I lmve prepared reviews tlie results of my own lnvesti-

, I each area I mnke n number of recomrnhdations. Some of these nre in1 __ :ocedurpl,cpanges &hatcan be effected Immdintely by the Defense Department Ktrremwr vivett'i,. , ma

for two prlmnry rcnsons. First ant1 ~orenior~t, indlvldiials who hive beeu or mlght in tlie fu- Ire fully protected. Beyond tlint, we millilons of dollnrs on these progrnnis whlcli linve lint1 utidrtermined ill effects on the people wlio voiuntcwcd to partlclpnte in them LXininti4y tlir question we ~UBnuawer is: Did tliene costly Iirogmms coiitribiite ~l~iilflcantlyto our Xntlon's delerise nnd to the Neciirlty of the Americnn 1xwple?

tement thnt much of this reseiircli \viis 'usele~.' I

I- > ,., SEARCn COJDVCTED AT EWEWOOD ARBEXAL y-'?'- :I. * .C . . ',e!. Wwr the' pnst twenty yenrs, tl;eyArmy hns conducted driig experiments on ; Wrlp 7.000 8ervSmmcn at the Army Chcinicnl Center nt Edgewood Arsennl, A land. These experliments were perfor1ncrl on Iiuninn volunteers 'in an Mort

to. . ~~ ~...~-.~- ~ .~~...... ~.~...... antidol chernlcnl nrerits~ ~ T)o.ss~~~c~ telon both x?e' --.-~I Br our nclrersnriew nnd bdw drugj! nnd cheznicnle to add to our own nrmial of -off&wlve svenpans. Jn the 2 nrme of I these 4 tcstsl,volunteersitrere: ndministercd evcrythiiip; froni nlcobol 1 deudly ,nerve gas in on' effort to bolster this. country's clicnricul warinre , ,ogr@atfvh::>i., ,. ' I. .t!.:.:' ..)I i131- ivet; WTIbe volunteers were told thnt they were being given R 'chcniicnl compound t! hich might influence their bchnvior,' but they were iiot told liefore or offcr ,. 19 test the eneclflc name of the driir used (such ns LSDI or the effects (soch '.: hnhcinntibns) that n Of possiblc prolonl:

---- in July-nenrly 30 renrs niter the initliil experiments. "Another mnn who contncted my ofacc reported thnt liin fiitlirbr welit into tlrep depresslon after pnrtlc!pnting in nn Artny-sponaored twt. 11th niiitl tlirit Iris fntlier eventuallt committtxl suicide. The son mid tlint lie niwr knew the rwisoiin for his fnthed'u dtpression or suicide. "A former Army colonel who took pnrt In rriich tests stated that hi tlie ttioiitlis following, lie experleiiced n series nf epile~itlcselziiron iintl ot Iicbr 'flriwiil)nrk' effects from what he now bellevert to lie c,xposure to the drw ISI). Tlie colonel snid lie vas never told 1231) would I)rodiice after-eflccta. He nlso wsiti iio on(' bothered to conduct followup exntiiiiin tioris on him. "In fact, untll 1073 the Army follo\vctl up on oiily two of the 1.500 inilltirry nnd civllCnn voluntcers \vlio pnrtlclpnted in LYn exiwrieit~ntrr. "It le slmply inexciisnble thnt niter the experinicnts tliv d\rniy dit1 trot trll Its siil;jwtH whnt tlnig they lint1 rweivtrl. An it \VIW. the voltiittwrs litid ~IO understanding of what \VIIS happcniul: to tlietii wlieii Iiftwt*fYccotxti[iliv:trvd.

"BECOM SIMIL4TIOS '$1wlll tliercforc rccoiiinicnd tlint tliix catiiniirtcbe fiivc swi(iris wtisId(1riif ioii 141 Jeghlntioir which I will iiitrotlucc !licit \voultl rcqriirv t1w .\rniy to (11 ) Itilly inforin volunteers of the tinturc of tlic nulwtnnce wliii*li tiicy Iir(b tiikitig :iii11 its possible niter-eflects, nnd (I)) mtlcrtnke nii wtt~iinlvvfollow-iilb 1trogr:iiii of physical ntid tiieiitnl exnliiiiiritioiiv for 1111 print iiiitl futrirc \'diiiitwrs.

"11. RESEAHCII COSDUCTED UNDER COSTRAC? Almost two-thirds of nll TAD erperlnicnts funded by tire r\rniy wrv iiot c'oii. ducted by Army doctors but by clviliiin rescnrcliers unclw c.oiitriict to 111~hriiiy. Prlvnte resenrcli orgnnizntions tested II vnriety of clieiiilciil agents oii t 1roiin;intln of cirlljnns tlirougli Army fontling. The Army sigti~dir)~~~rasiriiiitr~l.~ 25 coii. trnctN with private reaenrcliers over tlie Inst 20 yecirn. JIiich of this rt~.~~~irt~Ii involrcd htiitin II exIwrlui(b1itnllon. Flirt litmiore, t Ii(w (*outrwts 1wr~wry cvi.utl.\'. The Armp's esgcntliterc*s on tlie 17 contrnctn wlilcli I lirrvc! litit1 :in qiptirtrtrilty to revlecv nmounta to nlniost $2 tiiillioti. 'The Army's sagervisinn of tlie work of these oritsidit mint rcictorw Iiris Iicr*ii totallk inndcqiinte. Altlioripli tlir hriiiy's Hritiiirn 1's~Rwicw Ihitird (lit1 ineel niontblt to review nnd npprovc tlie 1)rotocols-thc dociiiii(wts rt.1 tiiir orit tlic prwedurni guidelines to he followvl-nnd coiitnicts for cwli c~rlwriiiirnt. tlic Board made no renl effort to monitor the tlnpto-dny o1wr:itioiis of tlie vspwi- ments tn lnsrire thnt the protocols \rere indeed heing followt~tl. Thc Ilonrtl essentiPllr relied on the contrnctora' promises to follow the prtwetliireu out- lfned Jq tbr contract and protocols. UJforeooer,Dr. 3fcClure ncknowledged thnt under this prnctice the Army might

enrrr. of the wnrk of niy stnd thnt groups 't nn o the eubstnntlve needa of tlie milltnry. This rnlses the possllIIlty thnt rn 1 ion of dollars were wneted and thousnnds of liven eiidniigeral nced- lesslp i'a a mnesive promotion of clienilcnl nnd blologicnl welfare. This is n most Mrlous poesibllity. Accordingly, I have asked tlie Gcnernl Accounting Offlcc! to tevitpt Dr, Slm's assertion. '9fuclq of the research conducted under contract iiscd Iirlson iniiiiites nnd peycblatpic pntlcnts as wubjccts. There Is dgnlflcnnt queation ns tn whether iii- I formed, voluntary condent wns obtnined froni these sulijects In encli cnse. Dr. .. BIcQute and hls nsaoclntcs hove conceded that tlieg do not know 1)s whit nienns N. roluntnry, iafornietl consent \vas obtnined from prison Iiiriicitcn nnd pyctiintric patients. Indeed, there INn legnl question us to whetlier siicli persons nrc cnpn- ble of Inrorniccl consent nt nll, glren the circiiniwtnncea of tlieir conflnwiiwt. "I hare requcsted thnt nll coiisent fornix oi)tnltietl from these Inclivltlunls be mnde nvailablc I)y the Ariiiy. I will iilso ask for coples of nny iiiiiterhls iised to inform nrisoners or psyclilntric pnticnts of tlie expwinicntnl i)rogrnni.

"RECOMMENDATIOS "After conferring with ineml~ersof tlie Jiidlclnry siil)co~nniittrcon Courts, Civil 1,lbertics nnd tlie Admiiiistrntion of Justice-wliicli is presciitly review- ing leglplntloii in this men-1 will rcconiinentl to this Inrest Ijintions Sul)coiii- Initteo wl)c?c.iflc cli~tngwin Arjiig rrgirintiotia tlitit ivoiiltl lmn or n t least llinlt the usof Iwlsoncrs iind gsgchintric 1)nticnt.u.in Army-slmisorctl rcseiircli.

"XII. TIlE DUTII OP 1IAROI.I) DIAUER

"Tlicrc* appcvtrs to 1111vtb Iwri II tleliberntc cffort to conccwl tlic. tlcntli of :i Iintieat iii ai11 Army-spoiisorctl cspcriiiiwt in 1!153. 'l'lrc rwords oP the tlciitli of flrirolcl I3lniier were revlewd nnd initialed at lriisl twice-in 1!350 iiitd 1!W. In ncldllion. tlw rcwrtls \\'ere c*nclosed In 1111 c~iive1oi)criiiirkctl : "Sot to I)e opciietl wltliout nuthority of Dr. \'on Sini"-tlic* foriiier cliirf civill~iii rcseiirclicr iit Edgewood Arsennl. Furthermore, on iiiixiierous occnslons since iiiitl-July the Army )in8 ~tronglyclenlctl nitg reports of tlcntlix rcsultlng froiii riny of its p rog r a ms 4 'Tho Army first dlscloscd the drntli on hugust 11-22 ycnrs lifter it I:ad ac- curred nnd flre tlnys lifter my rlslt to Edgeivood when I was speclffcnllg told thnt no dentha hnd occurred In nny Army aponsored experitneiits. UAOJItlonnlly, the Army contends thnt tlie imiunl reports nncl pratocols which were wiil)ml tttvl tn the Aniiy by tlic researcliers who condiictetl ttw fiitril cspcri- ment cm Jfr. Tllniier lire now nilssiiig. JIorcover. the contract which the .iriiiy Rignet1 witli those resenrrhers wns nppnrently tlcstroyetl. iincler qiicst ionnl)le cIrcnni8tnnces ntitl for unknown rensons. "Ewn if tlw experiment \vns clnsslflcd. tlierc \vns no rcnson to krq) tlw tlenth a secret. If fnr exrimpie. n pilot wns tn tllr wliik (VICIIE(V~ in n clsssifietl test flight of n neiv flghtcr, tils cleat11 nnd the fnct thnt it occiirr(v1 tlurinc tests of an utrernft would certninly 1)c reported, even if the detnils of the ncc4dcat were kept racret. .. "RECOX MESDATIOS &.. 'For over 20 years the Army hnn systenintlcniiy kept secret Ita cannwtlon 2' with tlie Blniier clcnth. It is the responsibility of this Coiiimlttee to cleteriiilne R wlry this informntion wns concenled. I will ask the coniinlttee to carefully inrcsti- gate Matroppenrs to be n dellberute corerup of the death of Jlr. Binuer.

loet tlll. I L. 1 ri .ll;*fl tI) :1 bi~&dii~~:,'I~V,114.i1 !,.t'xv, PEBVE amEIPERISIENTS

d,wltb nerve grk hnlluciiiogenic drugs are relatively snfe substances with tivbiahr to @qM?rimcnt. The hnlluclnogenic closnge or n typicnl psychochemical like t abut onethousnndth of the lethal dose. In other words, with hullucino- nit rugs there 1s nmple room for error. z? ' 1x1 the other liniid, an hnll~~cinoge~iicdosage or nerve gns is roughly one-half ,!in1,.,d d08ng.e. I . The slightest, ,error.coEl$,result in denth. hrh.44; vf~l~tIll~-1 ' \' I 11 1114 II rt.1 I, ' :

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at IWt Y 1 **I It '4 *I 1 1&1~1. " ~VC~JI~UI!11,.t1 1 . 4 'I !hl* :I' 512

'The Armg experinientd on humans with at lend flre different tyw of known to pharnincalaglsts na nnticlinlinenterene compoutida. The thio dcndly nerve gas on at lenst 1,011 valiintcem wltlrout fully to them tlic grnve rlskH wlilcli wiicli t~xl)crliiierrtnliiiry hnve eatnilc~l. nd Dr. Frederick R. Yldell linve told iiiy stnfl tiitit valuliteers were p that the drug might produce 'a runny nose' nnd 'slight tightness 1 "RECOX YENDATION "This ptndlce sliorild not be condoned. I ~111rccornnientl to tlih Conimittee that Army rtpilatioris be nniended to require that voluiitc?crs /rrrrst be Inade to apprecfrte the high risks of siich experiments. *'For the CJommittee's review I linre attached to tlils Report a list of nll of the chemlcal agmts nncl drugs wliicli the Amy linw tested on liurrrnns slncc tlie ln- ception of the progrnni (AIwendix A). Aniong tlic iterrrs 011 tlrilt list, iit lcnst 'GAS*'CDB,' '6D,''GF' nrid 'YS' are nerve gns corni)oiiritls. "V. DIOLOOICAL ESPERISIESTB 'The Armr conducts extensive tmts of dozeiis of l~iolo~ic~lngeiitx on Irriiiiniis. These agents fall into three gclieml cnteaories: ' "(1) Various strnlns of iiinlnrln. enceptinlitis niid other exotic cllwensew. ''(2) kg~idncriiiwiiig tlliirrliwil tlixenwc~nHII~I 11s tpiilicdtl Ywer, ~*iioIwii,plnwc', yellow fever, tiilnrcniin. nnd (3) those that cniise less-linriiihil flu-like Illncssew. 'Z'lie Ariiiy lins tested thew ngeiits on three groiiibs of roliiiitcers. Tlic flrst group cansi.sts of aliiiost 2.OOO Seveiitli Ihiy .itlvcntlsts (Sl~h's)drnftccl Into tile Arinf bot\vccn 1058 nnd 1973 rind nssigned I-A-0 (nonconilmtniit conscientious objector) slntna. Tlicse men were rccniltcd tlurinr: tlrelr I)osic* iiticl Atlvnncetl Indlvidanl Trniniiig n t tlre U.S. Ariiiy JIeclicnl Trnining Center. Fort Snrii Houston, Texns ns 11 imrt of Project Wliitecont. All snltliers \rho lint1 iiitlicatctl R iirefweiice for the Seventh nny Adventist ('liiircli rewived n two-liour Iiricfliig mston airen Iv the Director of the I!.S. Artily Jlccllcnl Re~erircliInstitiite of Infectlobis Din~iiserc ( I'SA-JlRIII)). Fort I)ctrlc*k. Nrirylrriid riiitl tlw I)ircv.tor of the Cliorch's Sntlonnl Service Orgaril7~tloii.Mr. ('lnrk Sitiitli, the present Directlot, tdd my statr tlint nboiit !Xi% of the Seventh Day Adrcirtlsts who wre briefed rm the progrriiii voliiritwrCd for tli1t.v nt Vt. 1)t~rric~k. "Permns who declined to volunteer for the 1)iologknl program I)ecrinie ~nedics. During the late 1000's nnd 19iO's inany of these men went to Vfetnnji ns medics. 'This prflgrnm nll hut ended la 10i3 when the clrnff wns dlscontlrriiecl. Altlioiigh there is iimv n rimin1 nrmnge~iientwith the nepnrtriient of Defense wherely SDA% can enlist ns CO's to be risslgnod to Ft. Dctrick, !*cry few have chosen to do sa. 'The wecond group of rohlnteers consists of prisoners tit tire J~nrplnncllioiise of Cortcctlon nt Jeasiip. Mnrrlnnd. Over the lnst ten yenrs, iiiore tbnii 2500 prisomem Iinve Iweii iised ns subjects of experiiiiciits condiicted 1t.v tlnctors nssn- ciiited with tlic University of llnrplnncl. Tlrrse prisoners are pnid $2 per clny for their pnrtlcipation. In ntlclitlon. nt the prinoircrk rcqirest. the rcscnrclicrs will rend (L letter to tire iwisoiier's parole Iwartl certil.vinR tlint lie Iinw imrtici. pnted Pn the proRrnni. The totnl cost to the taxpnpers of this prngrniii lit Jessiip linr.Ireen nlmit $3 million. Forther, there Itns heen iio iiitlicntiaa froili niir soiirce tlint nnr follow-rip stiitlr lins Iwen clone on nnr nfter effects these 35% prisoners may have experienced ns a result of tho experiments. For tire snfetp of tile priw- oners and for nf lenst some nssessment of the eftectiveness of the Drocrnni. it Committee, and Il~opethe Inspector General of the Army wiil lticlude this iiiatter

"RECOM x ENDATION *'I ~IIIrcconiilaend tlint tliis Committee cnrr?iilly evnliintc tlic ncc?tl to continue the Artiifb bIologic?nl euDc'rlmeiitnttoii oil Iiiiiiinnn nftcr evnlunting tlie nblltty of othrr ngcmien to iitcoiiiplisli the work iimv Iwiiig tloacr ?t Port I)et rick. 111 ndditian, I ~111ask the Cenenil Accountliig Office to nid tire Coiiiiiilttee in auswering these qucrrtlons. "VI. bf EUICAL XECORDB 'The Arniy candadcul drug and clieirilciil experlnie~itson 0,940 serriccnien over the lust 20 yenrs, Eiirli one of those 0,940 \vns given 11 Letter of C'ominendntion, a Certlflcnte crl Ayrpreciiition nnd n kind of grntliintian pliotograpli wlien he ' coiiipletcrl the ptogmiii. Pet the Ariiip iieser iiiHertrt1 niiytliiiig lii the iiirrlicnl rcworcls al niiy ob tlirrse nicii wliidi \souit1 Iiuve liitllcatd tlirit tlic tiinn Iiiid been in nn experimental progmm. "IC lifter leaving Edw\vootl, iriitl IwlnK rrxtntloiitrl ctlsc?vlwre n noldirr were to Irw~meill al~n rcniilt of stlie experiiiiwt, the Arnip riictlirrl ottircr csniiiiiririg Ilia1 iiiIRlit never kiurw alloat Iiin I)titic*tit'sprevious cxlwsiirc to clangiw)ii~drugs becni1.w tliere \voiild be n~rtlilii~iii the xoltlirr'a n)c9dic~alrtwrtl to iiidicntc tlrnt he hod been In 11 drug or cheniicnl [rwgrnin.

"RECOM Sf ENDATIOS 'This practIc?e la inexciisnl~le.Corrective Icfiislrition \i-Iiicli I wiil reconiniencl to this Cownittee wlll require tlint tlicb dntc oC ;)nrticipntion in nn experimentnl

'%TI. TlIE ARMY'S I)RC'O PROGRAM RECRUITIS0 EFFORT "l3cginnlnc; 111 1957. tlic Ariiiy dctermliiccl tlint It nc~lctlnt lcnst 30 voluntcers from nitlitmy tinltH ench tiiontli In order to coiiduct its esl~erinientniprogrniii in offensive nritl clefenulvc~dit*iiilciil ivrirfere. It bcgcin 11 recruiting progr:iiii wliidi eventunily involved roving recruiting t(miis, recruiting posters. nntl rccriiiting

of the program a ndation would be ommWee I hare nthched to this Report B copy

i ..

ths ago (Appendix C).~I#.I.~

\I1 \'* ' h1bI.i 514

'Thq three-pnrngrnph consent form reads In pnrt- "*I r o Ize tlint in tlic pursuit of certiiin experiiiienw trnnsitory discom- cur and when such reactlons seem wpecinlly likdy to occur I \vi11 be eoadv s .'i flturelP**so i 1id-e pointed out tlint tlie only iiiclicution 11 volunteer linw tlint lie miglit experipric-e biore tlitin tninsitory diwc*onit\tureis tlic rcquest for the ii;iiiw, nil. dress, nnd telephone niinilber of the voIunteer'f+ next-of-kin. "1 1)rbent to this Caiiiniittce thls question: Do tliwe doccrrxneiits ndequntcly ndvlse mldlers of the natiiro of tlila program for wliirli they \sere voliintecr- ing? It ivould aplwnr tlint if the men who volunteercvl were given any Iiienning. ful alrppalml of the naturc of tlie exlnvlraent. it milie orrly Nliortly Iwfore tho expertigent wlieii peer prcssurc? ntid selfcorrrrcloosnctu iiiiiclc th*proslwct of 'bnck- Ing out' of the experiment a totally Iiuinilintiiig nnd wincrcptnlile experience for any eollder who hnd second thougIits.

"REC03f3fENDATIO.Y "I njlll rccomnientl to thifl Coininittee tlint the Army be rtqirirctl tn lmrtrriy more nrcurntcly in Its recrnltineiit l)romim, the nnturc? of Its clriig esiiwinirritii- tion progmm. "VXII, 8TAXUARUf. OY ISFORX ED COXSENT "Army IZemilntion 70-25 Icff.15 Sept. 1074), entitlcvl 'Use of \'oluntc~crs ns Subject8 of Reveiircli' i)reseiitly peniiitw tlie Aririy to witliliolcl drug rind cliemi- cnl inforinntion froiii the voluiiteer if tlie Ariny hellerm Hint the ex1wrImcnt n*ill be 'comproiiiis(*d.'nr. Clntide >IcClure, Director of tlie ~ioiiiedlcnl1,ntwrn tory nt Ed#e\\*aocl Arseitni, tins ,told rnt. tliiit this excriii)tion could lw diiiilnntctl wif 11. out tidoersely affwtiii~tlie Amy's chernicnl wtirfnre prograin. Tiierc tlocs riot seeiu to be ntiy rensoii to lwrtnit tile Artily to test dnng(*roiiwdniw nti iiidividmls wltllnurt iidviwiiig tiiein of ivlint tiicy arc tnkirig. IIEW giiitlc4iues. for exiimple, do not permit tills exemption.

"ItECOXI SLESUATIOS "Tlw Army gnldeliiien nliorrltl lie c*111111gecl,nritl I Intrwl tn siiliiirit irgislation \vlileh \vlU ciccoiiii)lisli this for t lie coiisitleratlon of this ('omniittec~. I will rccoiii- iiienrl to tlih Coiiiniittw tiitit tiir Ariny's stniitlnrcl of iiiforiiircl cwnsvnt IN* riIiicwit~ti tu require tliat wicli vnluiitrrr be fully inforiiieti 11s to the iiiiturr of tliv wiihstniice to be tewted on iiiiii. tlic risks involvrtl, 1~1111tiitit lie iw i)rovidvil siicli iiiforniarioii with sufficient notice to tillow tiiiie for a riusoiietl judgnitm 11s !o wlicther or iiot to Imtticlpnte. '*TI~Pcoiicept llr iintorined consent' generntes iiiiiny tiimctlit (lurstiws. "E'ine lines" nhound, nnd I, for one, do not for n ininute believe tlint these hcnriiigs cmi rcnqli clefinit ivcb sollit iotis to this dilenimn. Illit we CIIII wrtniiily ngrer. froin tire cwidencx on tlie tecortl. tliiit iiiiiiiiiifil stairclartln nri*e~italdrto iaost of the sciciitilic nnd tnecllcul coiiiiiiiiiiitien linve not bcwi iiiet by tile iiiilitnry cbsperiirirnters. Those standards niiist lit* revised. iintl riot liy ai tiiilitiiry tiwiii working in isolnf iiw "The eflccts of BZ and nerve gns nre not minor inconrciiiciiccs nnSone is likely to undergo volnntnrily in the Interest of science or even the nntioiriil tlefeiistb. It is not ciistomnry far Iiiiinana 111 lnrge numbers to subject themselves, their Lodies, and their riiinds to tlint kiiitl of treutiirent. 515

"CAR 302,034, W2.080. 30?,3U8, 301,000, 302.282, 30?,(1M3, 302,582, 302,100, !!20,!i.l& 220, )./EA3835. 5IcN-JM020, EA 3167. BSP, UZ, CS, DFP, GB, cum. tho volunteer lenvex the test cliairrber iiiinietllntelg. Tlrr eye effecta dlsnpIwnr withhi ycvenil iirirrutcs froin the tlnicb of letivliig the cliiiiiiber. "b, Adapfaflon of dcfcnsli:~ifcm lo rial rwal hu)m# ccipaciffcn

"c. h'flccl~of lo& agcnta "Tht effwtrr of ccrtnln ngeiitx nre tleteriiiliictl Iiy lnlinlntlon nf very smnll amount$. The voliriitcer test oul)Jcct \vIN be t Iioroualilp intornictl nhoiit till Iiroce- diires and what cnn be expcctcd prior to encli teat. I.:rerg Iirccnutlon will LIC tnken to protact the volunteer ngirlnrrt iliiiigcr or wricrus dlnwifnrt 11s 11 rwiilt of piir- tlcipnting. in nttendnnce nt nll tiinclr will Ibe Iiligsidniix tint1 .scientists. most of wiioiu trove also lwticllrntcd in tlic mirie tcsts. Aplillcuntu iiiiiNt meet the following pacrcq\rloities for Nclectloii : *'( 1) Agtltndc Arcn I-Scorc!: SO or lilglrer "(2) Completed Iinxic trnliiliig bb (3) Pliynicnl ~~rofllc--I~UII14ES-lor 2 "(4) Age prolip 17-35 yenrs

nlrniilrl wiitiict tli(8 ortlrrly rcitriii Cor ticltlitioiinl iirlor~iintiori. '*.i~)~~llhition forms IIW II vtiiliililc tit yoiir ortlwlg rooin."

"I'.S. ANJIYCIIEJIICAI. IV) WARE I,AIIOH,\TORIES.ARMY ('IIEJIICAI. ('ESTER. 111).

"\'OI.L'STFE,lL PARTICIPATIOS AGREEMEST

"Orgii n izn t Ion. "Sanie nC Stanrest Rclritl\'c. ".4Odrcw of Scsirc*st Itclativc. b"I'dcplioiic~Siiiiilwr of Stwrwt Rdiit ivv. "1 )______.certify thnt I hnve received. rend rind under-

tal state where continuation of the esperimcnta beco~:ies

mar81 #wasion or otlicr adverse pressure brought to bear In my voliinteerirrg for . tbb do@. I lrare done w) of iiiy own free will, coiui)letely aware of all Iinznrdq ' SENATE; CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; MILITARY.WEAPOINS; FORT DETRICK, MD.; DEFENSE RESEARCH; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; NEW YORK CITY; SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.

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Congressional Masterfile 2 v2.21 Fl=Help FZ=Command Menu Accession Number: Full Record Display Record 2 of 11 76-H521-20 CIS NO: 76-H521-20 TITLE: Prison Inmates in Medical Research. SOURCE: Committee on the Judiciary. House DOC TYPE: Hearing COLLATION: v+612 p. DATE: Sept. 29, Oct. 1, 1975 CONGRESS-SESSION: 94-1 SUDOC: './4.J83jl;34-31 ITEM NO: 1020 LC CARD NO: 76-601697 ivlC EiJTRY NO; 76-3786 I Committee Serial No. 31. iiearirigs before ttie Subcorri 011 Cour ts, Civi l Liberties, arid the Admiriistr-atiori of Justice to corisider H.2. 3603, to I pr-qhibit medical resear-ch on pr*isorlers iri Federal arid ini 1 i tary correct ioiial 'itutions or in State pr-isoris uti1iriiiy LEAA Furids. Corisider-s extent of I bentr*esearch on pri soner's and poteri t i a1 For. abuse under ex i s L i rig condi ti011s. Supplerrieritary material (p. 258-293 j i ricl udes corrrsporidetice , ttie I operatioris manual of the Addiction Resear-ch Ceriter. (ARC', , Ndtioridl Institute L PgDri=Next page PgUp=Pr*evious page +=Next record -=Prev i uus record Press ENTER for source docurrierit 1 OC~t I oii i 11 format i oil. ESC=Prev i ous screen FS=Record Displ dy Opt I 011s Fi=Pririt or' Sdve

Congressional iv1aster.f i le 2 ~2.2: Fi=He1 p F 2 = Comma n d ivle n u Accessi 011 Number: Full Record Display Record 2 of 11 76-H521-20 testing sites, Nov. 11, 1975 (p. 393-3iij. f. Natiorial Coriimissiori for the Protection of Hurriaii SubjecLs of Biomedical arid Behaviora1 Research, "Pr.isoriers dS iiesearch Subjects" stdff paper. Oct. si, 1975, with bib1 (p. 411-4303. y. Bureau of Prisons research pol icy statemerit (p. 43i-436j. ti. Freedriidri, Benjami ri , "Reassessi ny the ivleari i riy of Val id Cuiiseri t -- A iiilor-a1 Tiieory of Iriformed Consent, " from iiast i riys Ceriter- Rpt, Auy. i375 (p. Lin-JaJ). i. Downey, Thomas J. (Rep, D-NY), "Report on Human Experimentation Conducted or Funded by the U.S. Army" (p. 508-5163. j . Joriseti, Aibert (et a1 . ) , "Biomedical Exper-iineii tat ion on Prisoners: Review of Practices and Problems and Proposal of a New Regulatory Approach" heal th pol icy program d i scussi on paper , Urii versi ty of California School of Medicine, Sept. 1375, including bib7 (p. 517-563) iirbaii Coal i tion, First Nationdl Minori ty Conference on Hurrian Experi rneritat i or1 plenary and workshop sessi ons surnmary Jan. i376 (p. 564-577 j . .' ,.

Congress1 onal Masterf i 1e 2 v2.21 F1 =He1p F2=Command Menu Accession Number: Full Record Display Record 1 of 11 776411-32 NO: 77-S411-32 -E: Biological Testing Involving Human Subjects by the Department of LDefense. 1977. SOURCE: Commi ttee on Human Resources. Senate DOC TYPE: Hearing COLLATION: iii+297 p. il. 1 - __ DATE: Mar. 8, May 23, 1977 CONGRESS-SESSION: 95-1 SUDOC: Y4.H88:B52/3/977 ITEM NO: 1043 LC CARD NO: 77-604919 MC ENTRY NO: 78-2269 Hearings before the Subcom on Health and Scientific Research to examine Army biological warfare research programs in light of recent disclosures concerning 1950-66 experiments during which NYC and San Francisco, Calif. populations were exposed to airborne Serratia marcescent, (SM) and Bacillus globigii bacteria believed at the time to be simulants but now known to be actually pathogenic. Reviews history and current status of Army biological weapons research,

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Congressional Masterf i 1 e 2 v2.21 F1 =He1 p F2=Command Menu Accession Number: Full Record Display Record 1 of 11 77-S411-32 7 sting guidelines to assure informed consent of human volunteers, and -ent knowledge of SM pathogenicity. .- k-portion of May 8 hearing was held in executive session. CONTENT NOTATION: Army biol ogi cal testi ng on humans DESCRIPTORS (and special content notations): ARMY (Biological warfare I experiments on humans); SUBCOM ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. SENATE; CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE; BIOLOGICAL RESEARCH; MILITARY.WEAPONS; FORT DETRICK, MD.; DEFENSE RESEARCH; HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES; NEW YORK CITY; SAN FRANCISCO, CALIF.

77-S411-32 TESTIMONY NO: 1 Mar. 8, 1977 p. 5-259 WITNESSES (and witness notations): MILLER, EDWARD A. (Lt. Col .) (Asst Sec, R&D, Army); accompanied by CARRUTH, GEORGE A. (Lt. Col.) (Brig. Gen.) (Staff Officer, Chemical and Nuclear Biological Chemical Def Dir, Office, Dep Chief of Staff for Ops and Plans) AUGERSON, WILLIAM S. (Brig. Gen.) (Asst Surg Gen, R&D) =I PgDn=Next page PgUp=Previ ous page +=Next record Press ENTER for source document location information. ESC=Previous screen F9=Record Displ ay Opti ons F7=Pri nt or Save

Congressional Masterf i 1 e 2 v2.21 F1 =He1p F2=Command Menu Accession Number: Full Record Display Record 1 of 11 77-S411-32 'sting guidelines to assure informed consent of human volunteers, and sent knowledge of SM pathogenicity. L portion of May 8 hearing was held in executive session. CONTENT NOTATION: Army biological testing on humans DESCRIPTORS (and special content notations): ARMY (Biological warfare experiments orh humans); SUBCOM ON HEALTH AND SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH. ..

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THURSDAY, JULY 28, 1988 U.S. SENATE, SUBCOMMITTEE ON OVEasIGHT OF GOVERNMENT~AGEMENT, COMMIlTEE ON GOveRNMENTAL AFFAIRS, Washington,DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to notice, at 9:30 a.m., in room SD-342, Dirksen Senate Office Building, Hon. Carl Levin, Chair- man of the Subcommittee, presiding. Present: Senators Levin and Cohen. Staff Present: Linda J. Gustitus, Staff Director and Chief Coun- sel; Elise J. Bean, Counsel; Jack Mitchell, Investigator; Frankie de Vergie, Chief Clerk; Nan Bell and Jim Bodner, Minority Profes- sional Staff Members; and Bruce Ehrle, Majority Intern. OPENING STATEMENT OF SENATOR LEVIN Senator LEVIN.Good morning, everybody. Today is the second day of hearings to examine whether the De- partment of Defense is doing its job to ensure to the extent possible that the research it sponsors in the area of chemical and biological warfare, or CBW, is being done in a safe manner. Yesterday we heard accounts from a variety of witnesses who have observed and ex rienced firsthand safety shortcomings m the CBW rogram at l!%D's own facilities or at DODs contractor facilities. ke were given a fairly detailed description of a safety and environmental "mess" which existed at the Chemical Re- search, Development and Engineering Center at Aberdeen Proving Ground in Maryland, the Army's leading in-house facility for chemical warfare research. A former researcher at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, or USAMRIID, at Fort Detrick, Maryland, DOD's leading in-house facility for biological defense research, described safety deficiencies at that facili- 1as well as an overall lack of attention to safety problems, and t e difficulties he encountered when he pointed out those problems. Then, because in the biological defense program, DOD has relied upon its contractors voluntarily to live up to safety standards in their own facilities, the Subcommittee looked yesterday at the rogram of one such contractor, Yale University. Yale holds s"f"%8two D contracts for high risk biological defense research. Yes- (73)

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TOTAL FATALITIES = 933 800

6Ai 600

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200

VEHICLE’ VEHICLE OPERATION NUMBER OF FATALITIES * OFF DUTY DoD CIVILIANS NOT INCLUDED. 0-5009 d $350.0@0 7 i

300,000 '

250,000 200,000 i 150,000

100,000 Total CBW R%D Funding 50,000 $1,929155,000

1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 Biological Warfare R8rD Prapmd By IChemical Warfare R&D OGh4 Subcommittee Stoff I 'd, 1: 9. iI i

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. "- .... I r .I. 'I '. C mlC Conirol No 377& 56 5 i 104302 - THE U.S, ARMY RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT PROGRAh in CHEMKAL, BIOLOGICAL and RADIOLOGICAI WARFARE RI. 175Chhewt-I - :\ WfifcCittZteS*Q~ -. for Location mute. fiscal year 1959

b , ..

prepared by US. ARMY CHEMICAL CORPS RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT COMMAND ..

WASHINGTON 25, D.C. 8

11 DECEMBER 1958

COPY 7 3 of 100 COPIES - .'

I. ;'2 .. II 'I I TAbLE OF CONTENTS

Pane Nm! 3 6 9

9 13 i5 I? 18 21 25 2: 1:;33

', 36

1 TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONT'D) L - Page Kt Combat Suweillance Countermeasures (Non-Electronic) 85 CW-BW Protective Material 86 Ernironmental Field Testing, DPG 90 CBR Field Testing, DPG 91 Other Ccmtracto 92

2 The U. S. Army Research and Development Program in CBR Pircal Year 1959 INTRODUCTION '-4The Chemical Cotpa Research and Development Program for FY 1959 is uq incraneat in the progressive execution of the long range program which has been established for the eventual achievement of goal8 to provide 8 clpability in there fieldr. This program ha8 been tailored to provide for I the early completion of chemical and biologic81 munitions combinations for limlted and general war applications, to provide a proper balance between rercuch and development, and to accomplilrh the necarray research to 8upport the future development of CBR syrtemm to provide, and be COnri8tmLt With, nev concepts of warfare. The current program smpharizer the provirion of c8a materiel which will exploit the particular potential of there syrtenu for bse in limited war. The program is designed to conform with the guidanc 8.8 forth by the Chief, Research and Development, Department of the Amy. 7 A limited amount of work is accomplirhed for and funded by othqr t an the Chief, Research and Dtvelopment, Department of the Army . whb

bgo~S8mBased on LOUR Range Ob5ectivcr and Coal8

Ihe U. S. Army Chemical Corpr, in order to amure the proper olieat8tiOn of its research and development program bared on well defined gOal8, ha8 ertablirhed "The U, S. Army Chemical Corpr Rarearch and . Dwelopment Program." This long range program includes technical objectives, program guidance and operating policies, and cweri a period through Ff 1970.:, The objective8 and go'alr contained therein are based upon fading lbel of approximately $32 to $35 million per year. The d/ata of achievemest of a satisfactory CBR capability ha8 not been tstabllahtc L for thir level of funding. .. u!eb.8 Development

L. The FY 59 Chemical Corps Research md Development Program MY bl broken dovn u follows: Research $13,097,000

a Development $ 9,899,000

Operation and Management of $11,411,000 Pacilities $34,407,000 Special Purpose Funds 746,300

$35,153,300

&Since funds for operation and mmagement of facilities are in direct rupport of the rerearch and developmeat effort, it will be noted thrt the program i8 divided: 57% in support of rerearch, and

432 for development

ne Serearch Effort 4 Succersfil attaimnmt of u. s. ruperfority iu aR warfare readbars depends heavily upon new knovledga derived from a strong program * of research. Therefore, the greatest effort in the CBR R&D program is in rasearch, as evidenced by the allocation of fund..

Major emphasir in the FY 59 research program is on:

8. New agents, and mean8 for their dirra~ination; b. Medic81 aspects and biological sciences rerearch;

c. Rapid warning and protection;

A8 new CBR agents are provided from the rerearch program, it ir nsaesrrry to develop production methods, and to provide our Armed Forcer with munitions capable of exploiting the new agent potential. Further, the Armed Force8 muat be furnished with dpfenslve equipment required for the higher levels of protection necessar'fly r+qu%reb.. 10 meet this need, the development program, in fiscal year 1959, empha sizes- : a. Development of guided missile and ballistic rocket delivery systems for Cm; b. Development .of area toxic rockets, land mines, shells, gerreratotr .and.large area coverage systems :

C. Development. of Warning, detection and protective materiel:

d. Development of procedures and equipment for Nuclear Warfare Defense; . . e. Field testing of GBB materiel.

In-€iiPuse vs Contract

*In view of the type of work involved, and the type of facilities required, a large proportion of the CIS Research and Development Progra muit necessarily be accomplished within government facilities. In the FY 39 program the breakdown of funds between in-house and contract 8s fOlfOUS: fa-Rouse $32.0 million 93% Contract * 2.4 million - 735 $34.4 million 100% &e current contract program includes 114 contracts, 74 of which are in tha research area and 4Q.in development.. Sixty-seven are placed with universities and-non-profit arganZzations, .and 47 are with industrial Codcerns.

(U)Although the contract program has been larger in prior years, the level iaF.X 59 provides the best balance between in-house and contract witbin resources available. Per s on ne 1 (ql Personnel engaged in the in-house effort of the C8R Research and Dervelopment Rogram consist of a military-civilian team of approximately $100 persons. Included therein are highly qualified officers and enlisted mbn with advanced degrees in the sciences, and civilian professionalswith advanced degrees, long experience in their specialties and high standing in the scientific community. * $536 thousand for longevity funding of research contracts not included.

if."' DRC .. .-=. , ...... ersonnel Lo the CBR R€wArCh and Devefopent Program for FY 59 down as follows:

L. vi ian Hilitarp $*iOnal 929 Officer 21s En1istcd 1131 .. (PhD - 183) (M$ & BS - 746) (Professional Other ' -2861 587) 3790 Total - 5136

Befwch an5 Development Rmgr.m share ir ikluded in the following pages more mt&uive Lnforrvtien on the program. With reference to the dollar figur). indicated under the heading "PROPOSED8@on these pages, it will be . noted th8t the total program ~~t8tb'~250150,000per annum a8 proposed by the Chernical Corps in its presentation to the special panel of President's Scfance Advisory Committee qt the EmcufLtve Offices of the President on OctobCt 1958. This fundfng level, as prqosed by the Ckmical Corpso ha been staffed at Department crf the Army level.

PROJECT SUMMABY

Research Program L Bicloaical Warfare Laboratories (BWL) Research Pronram .

PROJtCT TITLE *PRESBNT PROPOSED JThousands) (Thous and8

BW HPnitiono Research $ 1,400 $ 4,264 Vir4 & Rickettsial Agent Research 650 5,100 Bacrarfal 6 Fungal Agent Research 750 0 880 Entomological BW Research 120 3 500 Researck on BW Rapid Warning System 250 1: 220 BW &en% Prccess Research 1,495 3 f. 000 Prooecfivc Heasurea for Personnel Engaged Fa 8u Rogm 880 3s?50 BW AsresmeEt Tacknology 280 1,190 Ri6k to Armed Forces from BW A2tack 1 .c 000 2 350 Aetobblogical Research 1,160 L-410 Sub-Total BWL: Eesc,stck 7,985 33,074

* ~lrof Ocscber 19S8.

6 )) j 11 Chemical Warfare Laboratories (CWL) Research ProRtarn b 'I PBaflECT 9ITLB PRESENT PROPOSKO (Thousands) JThousandr)

(34 Awnt DFsaemLnatton Beeearch $ 755 $ 2,720 ctt bqent Reeearch 1,195 8 ,850 plaq b Incendiary Research 45 317 M6diqal Aspects of CW 652 2,370 CW b$ological Sciences Beeearch 1,245 5,610 Heal(h Weards of Military Chemicals 10 280 CW Pfotcctive Research 185 640 Chanical Corpe Haterials Research -90 370 Sub-To tal, CWL Research 4,177 2- Dunwsp Roving Ground (DPG) Research Progranl boqe &ea Particulate Cloud Tdaval 200 822 Clwd Physics of Toxicological WBtfate, DPC 300 3 Ecology & Epfdaniology, DPG 185 640 CBO Field Test Technology, DPG -250 1,120 bub-Total, DPG Research 935 5,582 TOTAL RESEARCH 13,097 59 ,813 L...

4 DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM

Bjological Warfare Laboratories (BWZ,) Development Promam

PRWRCT TITLE PRESENT PROPOSED (Thousandr ) (Thousands)

BW Waeharrdo for Rockets 6 Missiles $ 150 $ 992 Specirl BW Operations 400 643 BW Mumitions Development 385 1,050 BW -duct and Procesr Engineering 205 824 BW 4ent Process Development 773 2,500 Aatidrap garfare -200 2,000 Sub-Total, BWL Development 2,113 8,009 Chemical Warfare Laboratories (CWL) Dsvclopmant Prostam

CU Uwheads for Rockets C Missilea 1,515 2,900 Flma Wrfare Materiel 240 627 'Ibxir CQ Munitions 1,210 2,910 Signallbg 6 Screening Smokes 25 Engtneetfng Design, Specff fcations and Testing 2S5 855 CW &eat Process Development 360 4,500 CW kning and Detection 465 1,600 louclrtar Warfare Defense 570 2,250 Conbat Sumeillance Countermeasures L (non-el act) 60 230 CW-W ?rotactive Materiel -900 3.100 Oub-Total , CWL Development 5 ,600 19,438 Dummy Proving Ground (DPG) Developlment Program

Emrirotnnestal FicZd Testing, DPG 200 810 CBR FLeld Testing, DPC 1.986 5 580 Sub-Total, DPG Development z,n6 6,390 TQTa DEVELOPMENT 9,899 33,837 Operation and Managemaat of Facilities 11,411 20,000 ExUra Contimental Site 11 500 GBAND TOTAL 34,407 125,150 .

.. PmJECT DETAILS . 1. (q) Broject Title: BW M~nitiOU6Research The distribution of BW agents In optimum concentratioa L-: geometries and types of targets is necessary to exploit the iaheienf advantage8 of BW agents. Methods for accomplishing thir objective can beat be obtained by an imaginative program of specialized . .. rcseafch in dissemination and dispersion concepPfor which the project provider (0) , 3. pbicctive: To provide methods of maximum effectiveness for the direaplnatbn of BW agents from munitions, the dispersion of munitions from delivery systems, and to determine the technical feasibility of varfour potential BW weapon systems.

P re 8 ent Proposed $1400~ $4264M 5. 4 Scope: This program hchdes: 8. Dissemination Research on BW Ancntc - Research on continuous ganraator concepts for both liquid and dry agents which will provide a basia for large area munition design. Research in explosive generation in bamblct type munitions for missile delivery. . b. Research on BW Munitions Concepts - Research is proceeding on oger4tional and technical feasibility studies on BW sprays and self- disprrshg bomblets. Preliminary designs are being completed for large area dry agent disseminators. Tests utilizing rotating shapes arc in L, pro8ters utilizing agents P. tularensis, Br.sois and Q fever to establish source strengths and infectivity. c. Assessment of Munitions - Approximately 301: of the funds in the Munitioor Research Project are expended for the evaluation of muaitions ptotOtypes described in a and b above.

6. Contract Program in Support of this Project:

Contract Title: Research StGdies on the Physics and Bio- physics of Explosive Dlssemfnatiort

Contractor: George Washington University

Scope: The developent of infomation concerdng physical . and biophysical phencmena which affect disaednation of vlable aerosots by explosive means.

Date of Initiation: June 1956

Date of Expiration: May 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $545,000 .

(U) project Title: BW Munition8 Research FY 59 Funding Requirement: $110,000

Principal Investigator: Dr. Benjamin B. Van Era

Contract Title: Theoretical Model8 for BW Target Efftc- tivenerr

Contractor: Leland Stanford Jr. University

Scope: To develop concepts and theoretical models appropriate to the quantitative appraisal of target cffectivenesr of BW weapons systems with emphasis on the establishment of criteria for the dcvelop- ment of optlmd BW munitions.

Date of Initiation: August 1996 _. . Date of Expiration: September 1959

kunt Funded to Date: $232,400

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

Principal Investigators: DK. Philip Leighton and L Dr. William Perkins Contract Title: Wind Tuuuel Tests of Plettner Shap'es

Contractor: University of Minnesota

Scope: Conduct vfnd tunnel tests to measure the aerodynamic stability and performance parameters of some self-dispersing Flettner shapes.

Date of Initiation: Juue 1957

Date of Expiration: June 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $56,800

FYnS' Funding Requirement : None

Principal Investigator: Mr. Richard DeLao

Contract Title: Low Altitude Liquid BW Spray System

Contractor: North American Aviation, Incorporated

, (U) Project Title: BW Munitions Research -2 c,- --- {3)-* Scope: Investigate and establish the charactcrirtics of Li a high flow spray system for liquid antipersonnel agent6 uring high speed delivery vehicles at lov dtitudes to cover dovnwfod target areas of 1,000 rquare miles.

i ! (4) Date of Initiation: December 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: Novkber 1958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $285,836

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirwknt: $18,564 (8) Project Officer: Dr. Kagscr

a. (1) Contract Title: Temperature, Altitude and Humidity Test Chamber

(2) Contractor: Tenny Engineering, Incorporated i i (3) Scope: Develop, fabricate, deliver, install and test i one (1) twp-erature, altitude and hum-idity test chgnber au?a associated equipment in accordance with specifications.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1956

(5) Date of Expiration: August 1958

(6) Amunt Funded to Date: $88,185

(7) FY 59 Funding Requfranent: None

(8) Project Officer: Mr. G. Mader

f. (1) Contract Title: Research fa A68cSt3ment Technology

(2) Contractor: Amour Research Foundation of Illlnoir Institute of Techno logy

(3) Scope: Conduct comprehensive investigations of specific problems in assessment technology.

(4) D8te of Initiation: March 1958

(5) D8te of Expiration: March 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $93,760 L (U) project Title: BW Munitions Research I/: (7) PY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Project Officer: Hr. L. fdoine

12 1. (a @v-lect Title: Viral and Rickettsial Agent Rerearch 2. &purpo8et To obtain viral and rickettrlal agentr that are lethal L; or ix$c.p.citatlng when ured in an offenrive ve8pon in BW. There agentr mort a180 exhibit chrra~teri8ticrof storage rtability, infective dor8, iero#oI rtrbility, patbogenemir, rerir taace to therapeutic materialr and capa~illtyof being produced and dirmdnated appropriately to their iatwtrded oarnition urd logirtic ryrtem. 3. (a) Objective: To obtain viral and riCk8ttrid agent8 having muianm ef~uctivenrrrIn Biological Warfare. Prercnt $650M 5, fl SCOPW air program inchder:

& Viral md Rickettrid Anent Laboratory Rere8rch: Collection8 of rtrrinr of V8riOh urd prrparati~n~ofreed 8tOCk8 have bean completed, md rtorage 8t8bility 8tUdi.8 aud aero801 infectivity rtudier have been scrated. An optinnam #train of Variola will be relected md rtudird wre e%tl.nrtvely 88 to aero801 and biological prqmrtier. Production of tfrrue cell8 by rubmerged tirrue culture had be damnatrated rpd Venezuelan Equine Encephalitir (NU) $8 baing adapted tb$r aethod of production. Adaptation of Jrpurara 1. Encephdittr (AA or V8tiolr ir being attqted. Method8 for the irolatfon of V8tiaUt8 of HU hnra been accoorpl~8hed, md concentration md purification method8 ar& bring rtudied. In a11 rtudier relatfng to NU, the tachniqtae will be applicable to many otber rfrurer. b. Selection of Candidate Viral and Bickettrfal Agentr: Sorecmiag on Vuioh, A10, and Bartern Equine Encephalitir (W) hr8 bean aampleted and rcreening of ZX a8 an arthropod-trurmitted agent rtarted. Sqreming of dengue and yellow fever ha8 a180 been initiated. SCreairrg 00 Rocky Mountain Spotted ?ever a8 an 8eto801 vu completed and the iarfotnution $8 being maluated.

6. pntrrct Progtan in SuoPOrt of Thi8 Prolect:

(1) Contract Title: Invertigation of Submerged Culture Techniques

(2) Contractor: Trurtrer of the Univerrity of Pe~8ylvuria (3) Scope: Conduct imertigationr of rubmerged culture technique8 for propagation of mammalian cells urd an adaptation of there techiquer to cultivation of virurer md rickettria8

13 L .. (n) PrOPect Title: Viral md Blckettrlal Agent R888uCh

:L .* (4) DateI of Iaitlatlont June 1959 .. I I (5) Date of BxpirLtion: H.y 1960 (4) Amowst Funded to Date: $337,075

(Y) ?T 59 Funding Requirement: (8) Prlncfpal Invertigotor: Dr. William McLlmfnr

I 1, (U) Project Title: Bacterial and Fungal Agent Research 2, *Purpose: To obtain bacterial and fungal agents that are lethal o inc8pacltatlng when used as a component of an offensive weapon fa Bv. There agents must also exhlblt characteristlcs of storage stablllty, Infe tiv6 dose, aerosol stability, pathogenesls, resistance to therapautlc mutpriBls, and capability of bring produced and disseminated appropriate to ItMr intended munition and logistic system.

3. (0) Obiective: To obtain bacterial and fungal agents havfng moxfmura e f iect ivcnas s in B lologi cal War f at e , 4. (U) Funding: Resent Proposed $750M $4880H 9. #Scope: This program Includes the following: a, Bacterlal and Fungal Anents Laboratory Research - Studies are in pgogress to obtala new agents which will provide greater lethality, short. caed Incubation perlods, aerosol stability adapted to long range acrcuol c8ouQ travel, and other properties giving greater effectiveners, fl bLlity and predictability to BW weapons systems. Project "Whitecoa~- te ertabllsh the minimum lethal dose and protection afforded by the vat vacclLnae for tularania in man, and studies on genetlcs, aerosol and T-s oral SrtabrLlity, antlbody resistance, nutritional requlrments and factors affcc isg virulence are In progress on such candidate agents as E, atbracis and E. Pseudomallel and 2. insnitis? a, b. Selectlon of Candidate Bacterial and Fungal Amnts - It Is requirc that disease-producing bacterial and fungal agents not yet researched be exrroined for their potential as BW agents. Literature reviews and feasi- bildty studies are conducted on promising candidates, 6. &Contract Pronram in Support of this Protect: a. (1) Contract-Titla: Genetic Aspects of Eort Paraslta Interactionr

(2) Contractor: Rutgcr's State Unlversity .'

'(3) Scope: Conduct imtcstlgations of the interaction batween mamnallan tissue cultures (monocytic) and various gene types of selected bacterial species.

(4) Date of Initiation: September 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: August 1959

15 L 1 =w-t ltle: Bacterial and Fungal Agent Research I?'6) Amount Funded: $31,980 I ((7) FP 19S9 Funding Bequiranents: '1 ' I l(8) Rlnclpal Investigator: Dr. Werner Bra= Y. (1) Contract Title: Studies on Malleomyces Croup and other Organ- ii isms (ONR Contract NRdNR29536) (2) Contractor: mivarsity of California Conduct etudies on malleonrpcsa group and other organ- 1 (3) scope: isms to include: (1) maintenance of stock strains and (1 I strain salection, (2) 1mro10gical tcsf. for identlficaa /I I tioa of strains, (3) aerosol infectivity of V~~OUS II , strains Lrr certain aahls, (4) aerostability of varior / organism in the Dynamic Aerosol Toroid.

IJ (4) Date of Initiation: October 1957

I 1. I (5) Date of Expiration: October 1959 (I I i I (6) Amount Funded: $300,000 I 1 (7) FY 1959 Punding.Paquirments: $100,000

( (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Carl Lamanna = hlph Mukenfi

16 1. ((I)prolect Title: Ent~~ogica~BU Rcrearch

3. (V) QbJectire: To obtain agent8 and vectorr having m& effea~ivrnerrfor entomological Bv. 40 (a) PmdinG: Prerent Propored Q12OX $3500M 5. (ppmez Arthropod vector ryrt&r afford a ieanr of A7 not depend t on the rarpiratory route of infection. The fearibility of much wrapon 078t& h.8 been ertablfshed, but research i8 re- qufmd to extend it8 capubilitier to maxim= potential. Studies are fn progrerr on the effect8 of envirkent eddelivery ryrt&r on tmbefeeted irrrectr, maor Infection and transmirrion atudier, kplofing yellov fever, Eastern equine encephalitir and E. Pertir in rpphptiate vectorr. Type clasrification of the mosquito yellow fsvrr md oorqufto-Eartern equine encephalitfs io in progrerr. VadouC field trial8 to tart operational concepts for delivery are m tmp4rtaPt p8rt of thio project. i 6. #C~ntract Pronri in Support of thio Prolect:

Contract Titla: Ftcld Tasting of Arthropods

Contractor: 0. S. Public Health Service (CDC) Scope: Perfok investigation to detednc (1) rata and extent of dirpersiosr of specific number8 ef ~&rq\titoerrelaased in cities, (2) cf- fectivcnerr of released mosquitoer in biting h&n belngr, (3) the vector effectivenerr of nbrquitoes In transmitting selected agenta, (4) aorist in the execution and arserment of air drop8,and other field tcatr.

Date of Initiation: July 1954

Date of Expiration: June 1959

hunt Funded to Date: $90,000

PY 59 Puuding Reqdrkent: $20,000 Principal Invertlgator: Dr. Herbert S. Schoof --.-.. 1, (v) IW&ect Title: Research on BW Rapid Warning System I Since BW agents in aerosol8 of operational quantities are human senaem or by known Lnstruments, warning device pro- vidfng $natantaneoua warning is required In order that personnel may -107 .... defensWe equipment in a the17 manner. 3, (@ Ob!ective: To obtain a rareurch prototype of a device to ptovfde rapid wtngof BW attack. Present RoDoeed $250M ~122on 5. 4 Scope: This program includea the following:

a. Plw sical Principle8 for Protection -'Thee is 110 BW agent rapid warn- *ice available which possesses all of the desirable characteristics. Protowem have bean developed uaing various principles with varying degrees of ru~~ues8.Examples are: a detector for protein virus; a rapid analysis of pro9eiP by pyrolyrre8; infrared detection and fluorescent techniqu miniatqriaed instrunat for particle analysis and for aerosol coneealvaaion is under development, aa is alro a partichroma (a bacuerisl detector) b. Biolonical Principle of Detection - Work is in progress oa biological prFnciqla& for rapid warn- such ae selected znetabolic processes and oerolog': cal tccthniques including fluorescent antibody techniques. 6. # mntract Program in WDport of this Project: a. (1) Contract Title: bvestfgatiom Lading to the Mechanization of Collection and Staining Procedures

(2) Contractor: Photomschanionu, fnc. (3) Scope: D-elop and furnish a device capable of automatically transporting tape containing impacted particulate matter, and to be usable in conjunction with a scan- ning unit now baing developed by the Polaroid Corp. (4) Date of Initiation: September 1958

(5) DRte of Expiration: September 1959 Pro5eet Title: Research on BW Rapid Wurning Systerer (6) bmt P-dcd: $24,825 -_ ;1C (7) PI 19159 Funding Pequirementr: None .. (8) Principal Inveetfgatot: Dr. Bold- b. (1) Contract Title: Development of Methods for the Rapid Ident= ffication of Bacteria by Meam of Bacterlo- Pwe (2) Contractor: ganrar State College

(3) Scope: Conduct studies, tests and experimental investigations e. to develop metbods for the rapid identification of bacteria kr pure and mixed cultures.

(4) Date of Lnitiation: July 1956 (5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $45,000

(7) PT 1959 Funding Requirements: Hone (0) Principal Investigator: Dr. A. Eissenatark

C. (1) Contract Title: Investigation of the Use of Pluorpscmt Antibodies for the Rapid Detection and Identification of Bacteria

(2) Contractor: University of Maryland

(3) Scope: Conduct studies relative to the detection and fdent- ification of pathogenic bacteria by the use of flirorm- cent astibdles.

(4) Date of Inltiatlon: November 1956 (5) Date of Expfration: October 1959

(6) Amount Rmded: $48,750 (7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None (8) Rincipal Investigator: Dr. P. Arne Hansen 1 Proj!&t kith: Beeearch on BW Rapid Warning Systems L' d, (1) Contract Title: Imrestigationo Leading to the Developmeat -L of a Contlnwus Protein Detector (2) Contractor: Mine Safety Appliances Company

(3) Scope: Investigate the development of a continuous proteln detector based upon pyrolysis principles. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: April 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $29,155

(7) Fp 1959 Funding Bequiremerrtr: None i8) Principal Investigator: Mr. J.P. Strange

e. (1) Contract Title: Desip and Fabrication of the Scanner Por- tioo of a Partichrome i (2) Contractor: Polaroid Corporation

(3) Scope: Design and fabricate and furnish-t& scanner portion of a partichrome.

(4) Date of Initiation: April 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1959

(6) hunt Funded: $58,350 (7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None (8) Principal Investigator: Tech. Sup. Dr. E.B. Blout 1. (0) Roiect Title: BW Agent Rocess Research 2, (Q) PurDose: The scale-up investigations from research laboratory to ptddudtlon are necessary to provide Bw agent capability. Process re- seararb at-the laboratory level is economical since variables can be studied in the laboratory more easily and more quickly than in pilot plants. .. .. $ 3. (a) pblectlve: To provide for laboratory research on production procsswr In order to translate laboratory techniques into production poteatlala

I , i 4. tu) Funding: Pres en t PrODOSed $1495~1 $3000~ 5. r)BcoDe: This program includes the following: sic Process Research on Viral and Rickettsial BW Aaente - Details of I the paocesr for production of dry Coxiella burnetti (On) will be studied. Dried @U will provide an incapacitating agent for very large area coveags of up to 100,ooO square miles (20-50 fold increase over wet OU). In additi+n, process research will provide more informetion for determining. the prqdoetion potential of tissue culture techniques for growing all vi s, includ$ng those which are nor impossible to grow. This should produce virus with greater virulence for man. t b, Process Research on Bacterial and Funaal Aaents - Process variables affecting aerosols of dry E. tularensis (a)will be studied. Various chemic41 stabilizers will be tested to improve aerosol characteristics of L the agdnt. Process research studies on dried E. Pestis (LE) will, be carried out. 3he success of process research will lead to development of dry W agents with high potential source and low decay rate.

U. Bi oloaical Enaineerina Research - A spray dryer will be used to detenrilne the feasibility of drying a suitable dispersed suspension of agent to particles of 1-3 microns in diameter. A fundamental understanding I of spray dlrylng will enhance the possibility of producing dry Bw agents in more effective concentrations and lower costs through another fundamental Bppltoach to drying of usable BW agents. In addition to the above, agents Ind simulants will be produced to support research efforts of the BW' piagfam as required. d. Assessment of Bw Aaents Process Research - Viral and bacterial agents tn process research will be evaluated in test spheres and tanks using fixtures and prototype munitions. Evaluations of the agents is necessaty in assessing the process potential for the agents in the program. Prof-t Tftle: BW Agent Process Research 6, &Contract Pronram in Support of this Prolsct: a. (1) Contract Title: Design for a Spray Dryfng Syrtem for Heat Sensitfvc Materials.

(2) Contractor: Regents of the University of Wfsconsln (3) Scope: Prepare t5e design criteria for a spray drying syeter for heat sensitive materials, Ln sufficient detail to J allow for the design and construction of such a system. (4) Date of Initiation: November 1956

(5) Data of Expiration: December 1958 (6) Amount Funded: $6s900 (7) FY 1959 Fund*hg Requirements: $3,312 (8) Principal Investigator: Dean W.B. Marshall, Jr. f b, (1) Contract TLC,lc: Fac2ors Affecting Natrition, P~eiology SZorage Stabiltty of Bacteria Belonging to eks Genus Pastsurdla L.. (2) Contractor: Universi6,y of Texas

(3) Scope: Conduct stzrdies ralativa to determining tLs faccors affecting nutrition, pkyefology and storage of bacteria belonging to the genus PasteiirdZa

(4) Date of Initisifion: September 1958

(5) Date of Expbation: A3sgust 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $?0350

(7) FY 1959 Funding Rsqufhsnents: $7,150 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. O.E. Williams

C. (1) Contract Title: Inveellgation of High Temperature Diapkaps and V’alvee

(2) Contractor: Hflls-McCanna Company L

p*peck Title:- BW Agent Process Research L' - (3) scope: Furnish sample vatves with diaphragms, for test at Fort Detrick for the purpose of determining the degree of durability and efficiency of operation of the complete unit under simulated and/or actual plant opcra- tion. In addition, to reconnnend for test any additional experimental valves or diaphragms meeting minimum conditions. (4) Date of Initiation: January 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: January 1959

(6) Amount Funded: (7) PP 1959 Funding Requirements: (8) Principal Investigator: None

d, (1) Contract Title: Design and Fabrication of a Spray Drying. system f (2) Contractor: Bowen Engineering, Inc. (3) Scope: Design a complete spray drying system in accordance with certain engineering and design criteria. Upon approval of design, to fabricate, supervise installa- tion and operation, and to make any alterations deemed necessary.

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1957 (9) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Amount Funded: $124,640

(7) Fp 1959 Funding Requirements: $19,970 (8) Principal Investigator: Hr. Donald Belcher

e, (1) Contract Title: Investigation of Methods of Concentration by Flotation and/or other appropriate Techniques. (2) Contractor: Massachusetts Institute of Technology Ptod4ct,Tftle: BW Agent Process Research .- (3) Scope: Conduct studle8 of methods of concentration by floata- L.' - tion and other appropriate techniques to include ability to withstand concenttation and the effects on micro= organisms of stress occurring during concentration. Is addition, study posrible means of surrounding micro- organimwith a thin film of substance to protect ft from exposure to water or unfavorable atmorpheric condi- tiono.

i (4) Date of Initlation: July 1957

I (5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $49,500 (7) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: (8) Principal Investigator: Professor A.M. Gaudin

t i i

24 Protective Measures for Personnel In the BW program I'. of this project is to protect personnel engaged inhabitants of nearby communities from infec-

3. objective: The objective of this project to provide necessary ... .. (U) is protection to personnel engaged in the BW program and to inhabitants of surtqunding communitier. ! 4. (U) Funding: Present Proposed $8803 $315024 5. 0 Scope: This program includes the following: i 8. Safety Measures for Protection Against BW R&D Hazards - Continuing ptogqam of Inspection and testing to determine extent and nature of hazards by &$velopment of new techniques, apparatus, decontaminants and procedures for $afr operation. b. Clinicai Investigation Related to BW R69 Hazards - In cases of occupa- tioM disease, all pertinent clinical and laboratory data is assembled: nd is correlated with epidemiological data from the research laboratory. Ext sive proglman of periodic immunization and medical examination of personnel T- . ..! king .. in imzardous area is conducted. f C. Biological Measures for Protection Against BW RhD Hazards - Hazards of Wtulinann toxoids and Anthrax vaccines are evaluated. Research on production end assay methods for Anthrax vacclnes is carried on as well as work on L tularmnia and other vaccines.

6. 1)Fontract Prontam in Support of this Project: a. (1) Contract Title: Studies and Investigations of Antigens of Bacterium Tularense

(2) Contractor: University of Utah

(3) Scope: Develop procedures for the elaboration and isolation of antigenic substances from cultures and culture filtrates of Bacterium tularense and evaluate, in animals, the protective activity of the antigen preparations.

(4) Date of Initiation: July 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: July 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $15,175

(7) Fp 1959 Fundlng Bequlrements: None as

c noddct ITitlt: Protective Xeasurem for Perro~elin the BW program I\

(@-Principal Investigator: Dr. Paul Nicholas

b. (1) Contract Tltle: nedical Investigation (2) Contractor: John Bopkkrs Univerrrfty (3) Scope: Conduct a critical review of pertinent clinical recorda and medical literature; consultation with appropriate authoritier in the field; rystematic clinical rtudier of cases of infectfour direases at Fort Detrick;and Johnr Hoplcinr Hospital for their eignificance in providing a more thorough underrtanding of infectlour direare processes and the surceptibility of man to such disease; therapeutic studies etc.

(4) Date of Initiation: Augurt 1955 (5) Date of Expiration: July 1962 (6) bunt Funded to Data: $409,000 (7) FY 1959 Funding Bequiranent: $159,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Lcighton E. Cluff

46 (Profect Title: BW Asrerament Technology Pulpore: To provide for the development of new evaluation mthdps and arrermnent routiner errential for the laboratory and chwer crduction of new BU agentr, nnmitionr, or agent-munition cornbmnauionr 0

3. @, Objective: To provide the.laboratory and chamber tcchniquer to eaable adequate evaluation of new BW 4urtr andlor nnrnitionr. 4. @) Funding: Prcrent Propored $280M $1190M So Iscope: Thir program include.:

80 Biolon~caland Phrrrical BW Aarerrment Hethodr - Thir provider for dmalopment of urcrament methodr for application to new agentr aad qunitionr to arrure a ammu of obtaining data relative to agent aad mition effectivenerr. Prerent empharir on dry agentr and viral ageam acccrritatar additional effort in thir field. bo BW Aerorol Chamber Technology - Thir provider for davelop- mu8 and adaptation of methodr for evaluation of new agentr and mumitdour through multiple me to obtain data for evaluation oT ef f activunarr . 6. (Ilr) Contract Program in Support of Thir Project:

a. (1) Contract Titfe: Tirmperature, AItitude and Humidity Teat Chamber

(2) Contractor: Tenny Engineering, Iac. (3) Scope: Develop, fabricate, deliver, inrtall and teat one (1) tenperamre, altitude and hddity test chamber and arrociated equipant in accordance with specr. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1956 (5) Date of Expiration: August 1958 (6) Amount Funded: $88,lSS

(7) FY 19159 Funding Bequirumarte: None

(8) Pmjecf g'fHCrs;E: .Bk. B. Madsr

c @roj\ct Title: BW AEEeE6ment Technology b, b, (1) Contract Title: Rerearch In Assessment Technology (2) Contractor: kmout Besca&l! Foundation of Illinois Institute of Technology ,. (3) Scope: Conduct comprchenoiva invertigationr of specific problems in assessment technblogy

I (4) Date of Initiation: Harch 1958 ,*

(5) Data of Expiration: March 1959 (6) Amount haded: $93,760 (7) FY 1959 Funding BequirunentE: None (8) Rfacfpal Invertfgator: Project Officer: Mr. L. Idolnc

L. 1. kU)l Project Title: Birk to hdForcer from BU Attack urvore: It ir neccrruy to obtain data and make a medfcaf of the kirk that cow BW attack vould hrve on U, SI Amed thqt adeqrute protective, prophylactic 8nd therapeutic mea8are8 can be plmned 81 warranted.

3. * (a) Objective: To determine the rirk to U. S. Armed Forcer of en- BU attwk. 4. (U) Funding: Present Piopo red $lOOOH $236on 5. (I Scope: ~hirprogsam includer: 8. Vulncrabilft~of Man to BW - blecerrq data are baing collected to iletermine the rink of BU attac4 to 0. SI Armed Force8 from a potential BW wmt. In partfcuhr, there d8ta refel: to the dorr for nwi, vhich ir err+&hl for BW pl.nnin& 19ecerrary drt8 are being compiled for M ageati, Q Fever and E. tuhrenrir, 88 18811 -,for other agentr. b. Treatment of BW Cirualtier - The evaluation of prmentive and tbr.&rprutfc mearurer 4rfnrt rpecific BW agent8 ir conducted fn man. fs w&l$ pe-t erthtion of'number of troop8 rked from duty by Bw att k, hm$tb of tbe ramvrd from duty, medical logfrticr factorr, urd ahil phbnFog. evduatfon of Forhay and type i Final vaccine Rurrfrn vaccine far tuparaaia ir in progreri. The work on Q Fever vaccine md therapy L:. hu bew corpplatrd. c. LrboratoHc:: Identification of BW As entr - WO* ir in progrerr to ertablirh 8y8fm8tfC 8pprO8Che8 to the problem Of laboratory identification ob 5W 4entr togqther with uploration and evr1yatton .of thp adequacy of knaM metbdr. Progrerr h.8 been deon the ad*tation of fluoreraent aaufbodt techniquer md tirrue culture method8 to thir'prqblem.

6. Contract Program in Swore of This Profect:

8. (1) Contrrct Title: A8rerrment of the Effectivencrr of Tularemia Vaccine in Man

t ; . (2) Contractor: Ohfo State Unlverrfty Bererrch Fomdatioa (3) Scope: Tbis work ir administered by Walter Reed AmMedical mit (4) Date of Initiation: Januup 1955

(r) Date of Expiration: Decmber 19S8

(6) Amount Pundad to Date: $89~~000 act Title: Bilk to Armed ?orcar from BW Attack

(7) R 59 Funding Requirement: '??oqc"* i - (8) . Principal Imrcrtigator: Dr. 3. Sarlm

... . z

.-f

L:: *

Proiect Title: Aerobiology Research

Pu~re:The rerearch carried on under thir project ir L- nt e8 arg to protdde BU agents posresring optkacroso~ charac- te 8 1% for apecific muaition .appllcationr. Pev BU agent8 have tb re characterirticr in optI* foG in nature, and this project ait f"8 to measure the mubum improvement vhich can be attained md tb4n to provide memr for achieving it. It also provides munition d@$i@mrrvith info&ation as to the optik aerosol particle rltde8 for infectivity and aero801 stability.

3. (Q) Obiactive: To optimize the aerosol propertier of BU 'I agent8 for military weapon syrtans.

4. (a) Puadina: Pre sent Provosed $1160M s441ou 5. #Seoo.: Thir ptogrmi includes: a. Stability and Vindence of BW Aet06018 - Research is dooe ooa the effect8 of aerosol stability of various cand2date BW ageotr. Such factor8 a8 particle size and its effect on fnfectivity, en- virosmenta1 influencer, age of the aer~801cloud and the,effectr of certain chdcal adjutant8 are considered. The infornution i derrfved from there studies i8 eisential to predictable munition rfjfect8 calcdationr, lower dosages, flm troop safety dfrtancer mqd greater efficiency and effectiveness in the employment of BW L wespocrr . b. Pathogenesis of BW Aerosol Induced Infections - Basic * mrearch on the hort-agent relatton8hip is conducted. This in- porlves histo-pathological urd biochemical changer, the mechanism of host death and the factor of host resirtance. The relation to ipfeatioa of bacterial qnd animal lipids is studied. The patho- gqneair of rach org.ni8m8 a8 p. tularenefs, Veoezudan Equine &acephahydttir, p. perti8 and &. cmthracis md Variola 58 r-dhd. Knowledge of the pathogenesis vi11 permit greater racuzacy in carualty calculations and allov a rational approach to ora of unnatural portals of entry. 6. (U) Contract Program in SUPPO~~of this Proiect: a. (1) Contract Title: Study of technique for diagnosing early progressive pulmonary disease

(2)Contractor: AVCO Manufacturing Corporation (3) Scope: Studier Will be made to detennfne whether or . not knowledge of the amplitudes and fre- quenciar of breath soundr offer a feasible techiqua for dFagnoriag early progresrf ve pul&naw direare in man md experimental

anilialr. * .

Aerobiology Research

(4) Date of Initiation: Septkber 1958 - (5) Data of Expiration: September 1959 (6) Aunt Ftnadcd to Date: $1

0) FYS9 Punding Requirkeat: $1 (8) Project Officer: Capt. Hiddlcton

L .. 1. I PrOleCt Title: CW bent Dirscminatioa Re8euch i 2. urnore: There Is a need for contimrous imremtigatlon to abd P nformation on the dfsranination of chanical agent8 and to L 6tu w techniques and devicer for the more effective use of rucb agqts,P a8 well a8 for baric demign studier to improve rignificmtlp tit4 Jfuqctioning of CW munitions and their effective delivery and di#pkrrioa on target. 3. (a) Objective: To obtain baric information, both experimental and mrtlqenutical, on the disremin8tion and dfrperrion of CW agent8 which will, lead to the development of improved CW weapons rystcmr. 4. (IS) Funding: Present Proposed $75% $2720H Scope: Thlr program includes: 5* ff a. Dissemination Research on CW Agents -!Rerearch is in progrerr whiah vi11 lead to the development of optimal type munitions for dirdemEnation of toxic CW agents as aerooolr, including improved self- dirffcrring bomblet6 for wide area coverage and device6 for the attack of hard targets. Studies in progress include solids as we11 as liqoidr. Experimental models for the dl8sadnation of V-agent are under lnves tigation.

b. Mathematical Research on CW Dissemination - b6UltE obtained herd will provide a sound mathematical basis for the as8essment of exp+riroental CW munitions and will permit the result8 of wind tunnel ? L- rtodier to be correlated with field results. Special cmpharis fb beltlg placed on mathematical a8pectr of casualty ass~s8xnent. Thlr woe im being done undsr a upecial program entitled CARAMU.

C. Disremination Research on Training and Test Agents - Included in thir program Is the search for realistic training and maneuver agent dirlcmination syrtcmr. Traiaing 8yrtexn~and test agents are required to @emitmore realistic troop training in CW and increase the value of UW Qoctrfne. 6. 1(1Contract Program in SwDort of this Project:

a. (1) Contract Title: Breath Recording Syrtcm

(2) Contractor: Gulton Industries, Inc.

(3) Scope: Perform the research and development required to fabricate a production prototype recording system.

(4) Date of Initiation: September 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: December 1958 33 (U) fro!eet Title: CU Agent Dirrcmination Rerearch Amount Funded to Date:-- $162,819 PP 59 Punding Requirement: None

Principal Investigator: Dr. W. Wilkwitz

Contract Title: Invcrtigation of ExplOEiVe Dirranination of Liquid Ageata

I Contractor: Stanford Rerearch Lnrtituta

Scope: To investigate theeratically md experimentally the dirremination of liquids by mean8 of explorivc devicer. The contractor vi11 review and evaluate data from Army Chemical Center field and -1OriVe chamber teat program and develop theory on the barf8 of there rerultr.

Dats of Initiation: September 1958

Date of Expiration: September 1958 ! Amount Funded to Date: $50,000 PY 59 Punding Requireswat: $50,000 Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Kellr Contract Title: Casualty Rate Aarar8ment

Contractor: University sf Pannrylvania Scope: To furni8h "operation# rcraarch 8efPicer" with respect to the c.oua3ty rate arrermuent program and/or ita variour arpette.

Date of Initiation: May 1956

Date of Expiration: 3aauary 1959

Amount Funded to, Dat&: $209,512

ZY 59 Funding Bequiremat: $100,000

Principal fnvertigator: Dr. I[. Krieger

L Y .. Pwject Title: CW Agent Dirrcmination Research 1 d. 1 (1) Contract Titler Imre8tlgatlon of Bot Car Generation of 1 Aerorolr of Lnr Volatility Liquid8 ' -(2) Wntrrctor: Southern Rerrarch Inrtitute '." . ..-. - (3) Scope: To invertigate theoretically and experimentally the hot gu generation of aeto8018 (le88 than 1% micronr in diameter) from approximately three organic liquidr of law volatiliw.

(4) Date of Initiation: July 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: Augurt 1959 - (6) bunt Funded to Date: $54,975 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Investigator: X?. B. Lace7 e. (1) Contract Title: Mathematical and Statirtical Senricer (2) Contractor: New York Univetrity (3) Scope: To develop and apply nuthematical model8 to describe the effectivene88 of CW agent-munition combination8 when employed under operational condition8

(4) Date of Initiation: July 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958 (6) Awunt'Funded to Date: $37800 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Imrertigator: Dr. Woodbury

c 1. @)iProfect Title: CW Agent Rercarch 11 !* 2. klJ) Purpore: %ere ir a continuing requirement for the Improvement 'I oif #potential in the agentr field. New agents murt be rought which emt known protective measurer, or which offer unique military powci=r tfrlitier 81 in the non-lethal incapacitating area. For there a$mU, method8 for 1arge-rcale ayutherir and srralytical control murt be ~alhble,a8 vel1 as baric physlochemical data on reaction mechmim relatiqg to ryntheris and rtability, and on biochemical mechanlrm of acubn. Thir project rupportr baric rerearch fundamental to the attain= 1 mmc of there rtated objectiver. i 3. (U) Objective: To dircwer new and improved CW agents, of both i lethal and incapacitating typer, by the application of the rerearch teclbiquer of organic chemirtry, phyrical chemistry, analytical chemirtv, md b IOchemin tv 4. (U) Fundinq: Present Proposed $1195M $88SOM 5. #Scope: Thir program includer: a. Icv Anent Research - An industrial liaison progrrm ir conducted to prwfde for syrtematic viritr to industrial and academic laboratori for the aolicitation of new compoundr, idear, or procedures of potenti ilrtwrrnt to the Chemical Corps. An accelerated program is being coa- d ducted in hou6e and by contract on incupacitatfng agent8 ruch ar tatra- hydftocamabinol (compoundr related to marijuana) a8 well ar other cow L-- potads havfng incapacitating action or which offer promire a8 training or 'PuIIewcr agents. A program to collect inforntion which wlll.permlt 8plthasi8 of lethal agent8 of the type8 other than V and G agent8 ir beflag imrestigated. They include ruch rubrtancer as rhcllfirh, puffer filh and botulinum poisoning. i b. Anent Analytical Berearch - Method8 are being developed for the ullrl7)ir of V agmtr and intenaediater in the rupport of laboratory and pilot plant programs. Thin program includer the Improvement of analytical ptecedurer for baric chemfcal rerearch and field aarerment of new agentr.

C. .'.gent Phyriochanical Ribarch - Baric rtudfer are conducted on the breakup of liquid and rolfd materiala into mall particle rizer and thr characteri8ticr of these particulate6 are determined. Included are wind tunnel studies on the effect8 of turbulence and aero801 rtability. Berultr obtained are directly applicable to problsmr of aircraft spray amd field dissemination of toxfcs. Work f.8 also conducted on agent peae- tratbn of clothing, decontamination, rtorage 8tability and parrirtence of CW agentr.

4 (U) *oiect Title: CW Agent iochemical Action of CW Agent8 - Studier are in progrcrr on emical mechanirm of action of toxic rubrturcer ruch a# rhcll f%ah'urd puffer firh poisonr, make venom. urd bacterial toxinr. L,.. ! lCnow]iedgle-of mechanism of biochemical action lead8 directly to the porri- ! bili- of enhanced offensive and defensive effactivenerr of CW agent#. Contract8 in Support of Tbir Protect: 6* 4v 8. (1) Contt8ctXitla: Studier of Certain Phosphorus Compound8 (2) Contractor: National Bureau of Standards (3) Scope: Conduct thermodynamic urd thermochemical rtudier on rpeciflc phorphorur compoundr.

(4) Date of Inltiatlon: May 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: December 1958

(6) Anmunt Funded to Date: 40,000

(7) Fp 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Mr. D. Wagmrn

b. (1) Contract Title: Screening of Natural Product8 L (2) Contractor: College of Medical Evaagelirtr (3) Scope: To screen certain compound8 from natural products for their applicability a8 porribls CW .gent8 sod the isohtion of their active componenti.

(4) Date of Initiation: April 1954 (5) Date of Expiration: November 1958 (EXten8iOn has been requroted)

(6) Amount Funded to D8te: $197,574

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $25,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. G. T. Anderron e. (1) Contract Title: Purification of Organic Compound8 (2) Contractor: Applied Science Loboratoricr, Inc. (3) Scope: Conduct r6rearch rtudicr of ph~riochemicaltech- nique~for the purification of organic compoundr. (n) proficct Title: CU Agent Rerearch '.I ~ I(4) Date of Initiation: May 1958 (5) Date Expiration: May 1959 I/! - of (6) Amount Funded to Date: $14,585 -.- ,. (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal fnvertigator: Dr. A. Rose

d. (1) Contract TfCle: Penetration of Clothing (2) Contractor: Harris Berearch Laboratorier, Inc.

(3) Scope: Investigative studies to deternine the factors which control the rate of penetration of clothing by , organic liquid8

(4) Date of Initiation: March 1958 (5) Date of Expiration: February 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $17,570

(7) Fp 59 Funding Requirement: $20,000 (8) Principal beetigator: Dr. Schvartz L e. (1) Contract Title: Coated Aero8016 by Light Scattering'

(2) Contractor: Clarktson College of Technology

(3) Scope: Prcparc and imrertigate coated aerosols by light scattering techniques

(4) Date of Initiation: June 19S8 (5) Date of Expiration: August 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $20,000 (73 FY 59 Funding Requirement: $20,000 . (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Rerker

f. (1) Contract Title: Fundamental Investigations of the Breakup of Viscoelastic Fluid Jets (2) Contractor: The Franklin Institute

L ro ect Title: CW Agent Rerruch ct---t3) Scope: To dotealne d astabllrh the fundamental relation- shipr gevrrnlug the breakup of vlrcoelartfc fluid - jet, at high velocitfer for application to the control of drop rfze forpution

(4) Date of Initlatioar Sovmnber 1957

(5) Date of Expit8tiOQZ AttgUst 1959 (6) bunt Funded to Date: $46,945

(7) PY 59 Fundi- Requiremantt $24,960 (8) Principal Intortigator: Dr. W. Philippoff 6. (I) Contract Title: Rerearch on Natur.1 Product8

(2) Contractor: Dnivorrf ty of CdifOtnfA (3) Scope: To deterdm the chemical rtructure of a rubrturce known aa nSS.n After the rtructure of thio compo - har bran Qsrtezmined to devlre a method of

(6) D8t. of Initiation$ 1956 -

(5) D8te of Bxpisatiam: November 1958 (Extension has been requested) (6) Amount Funded to Date: $25,800 (7) FY 59 Funding Requitenwnt: $14,000 (8) PrInclp81 Inv@etigator: Dr. E. Rappaport b. (1) Contr8cf TPth Isatartigatioo of Withmi8 Sonmifar1 AkkoLoidr

(2) Contraeter: thafvcurrfty of Coagectbvt

(3) Scope: To datmmins the ohmric8l nature and structure of the cryrtoiline hynotlc alkaloid irolated from WITIUXA 88tSFER.A md to irolate rufficiant qumt%tSwfor activity screening.

(4) Date of hitiftfm: Aprfl 1958 (5) Data of Bxpirotien: April 1959 (6) Amount -dad to Date: $20,000 I (0) Ptdledt Title: CW Agent Rerearch (I) PY 59 Funding Requirement: None - -. (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. A. 15. Schwartlag

I. (1) Contract Title: Syrthcrir of Compoundo (2) Contractor: Bortoa Univcrrity (3) Scope: Conduct rerearch on the 6yrthcrir of erterr of certain compounds containing nitrogen and/or pho rpho rur

(4) Date of Initiation: May 1954

(5) Date of Expiration: July 1959 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $55,106 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $10,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. J. P. Won

J. (1) Contract Title: Laboratories Pacilitieo

(2) Coatractor: University of California

(3) Scope: Inrtall certain laboratory facilities

(4) Date of Initiation: Jlllu8rp 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: Jaauary 1959 (6) bunt Funded to Date: $12,854 (7) PY 59 Funding Requiraaent: None (8) Principal Investigator: None

k. (1) Contract Title: Structure of Puffer Poiaon (2) Contractor: Earvard Cmllege

(3) Scope: To imrertigatc the cryrtalline rubrtrncc known ar Puffer Poiroa in order to determine its chemical structure and ryntharlze thtr materlal

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: August 1959 !

(0) Pro34ct:TLtlrt CW Agent Research b. a) Amount Funded to Date: $25,000 (7) PY 59 Punding Requlrcwnt: Hone

(8) Principal Invertlgator: Dr. 8. Woodvud //

1, (1) Coatract Title: Imrer~lgatlonof Calabarh Curare

! (2) Contractor: Unlverrlty of Bocherter ! (3) Scope: To lnvcrtigate the chcmlcal nature urd rttucmre of the paralyrlr-caurlng alkaloid8 lrolated from calabarh plurtr ruch ar Strychnor toxifrrr urd to rp.thcrlze model compoundr on the rtructure feature# of the alkaloid8 (4) Date of Initiation: Augurt 1958 (S) Date of Expiration: September 1961

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $11,000 (7) R 59 Funding Requirement: $11,000 L (8) Principal Invertlgator: Dr. V. Bochalhelda m. (1) Contract Title: Invertigatlon of Rpnodine (2) Contractor: Univerrlty of California (3) Scope: The e~ucidatlonof the chemic81 natura and structure of the rkeletal murcle contracting alkaloid, ryrrrodina, lrolated from Ryania Spec1008 and the 8ptherf8 of rtmple model compound8 bared on the rtnrctural featurer of rpanodine. (4) Date of Inltiatlon: June 1958 (S) Date of Bxpir8tlon: June 1959 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $9,000 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Invertigator: Dr. E. Rappaport I

(U) Project Title: CW Agent Rcrcarch Ll n. $1) Contract Title: New Approaches (2) Contractor: Univerrity of Chicyo -. .. (3) Scope: To develop nku and different approacher for the develop ment of CW agent6 (4) Date of Initiation: December 1953 (5) Date of Expiration: Juruary 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $327,000 (7) PY 59 Fundin8 Requirement: Mona (6) Princfpal Imrertigator: Dr. T. Rudy

0. (1) Contract Tihle: "ha Effect of Molecular Structura on Catalyrir and Holccular Bindis, i (2) Contractor: Univerrity of Wirconria

(3) Scope: To determine, by mean6 of chamical kinetic rtudiar, the influence of molecular structure on the relative. activity of organic catalytic and corn- L placing: agent8

(4) Date of Initiation: October 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1961 (6) Amount Fundad to Date: $10,000 (7) FY 59 Funding Raquirment: None (8) Principal Invcrtigator: Dr. Biguchi

.. *-: .*. . -43 1. (U) Brolect Title: Flame and Incendiary Rese8rch There ir a continuing requirement for re8t8rCh on agents and diraanination devicci, to take advances in technology ita these important area8 md thereby increase field capabilitier in flame md incendiary .. - warfare rigaificantly beyond the prerent Levelr. 3. (tr) pbjactiver: To discover improved flame and incendiary agent8 urd amasim for their military use.

? Prcreat Propo red $45M $317H 5. &Pe: Studier are being made of the dcrign parameter8 of flrmo tt4rWers as related to fuel characterirtic8; on the fe88ibilfty of chedcal ignition of flame thrower fuel, and on thickeners on incendfw fuel., including rheologicd iu.ve8tigition8. Initial 8tUdh8 ire in flrogresr on the use of new high calorie fuel8 a8 incendiary agents. 6. #astract Program in Support of This Proicct: fi a. (1) Contract Title: St8bilization of Butadiene Po1ymerr (2) Contractor: Univerrity of Akron

(3) Scope: Conduct studies on the St8bi1iZ.tiOn againrt deterioration at 1609 of certain polymerr of butdiene.

(4) Data of Initiation: May 1957 (5) Date of Expiratioa: July 1959 (6) bunt Funded to Date: $29,500 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Morton

43 L 1. (U] Pmiect Title: Medical Aspects of CW Warfare I L/ . 2. (U Frpose: There is a continuing requirement for a complete medhaI +Dovledge of diagnostic, prophylactic, antidotal and ther- apuuE;ir dmsgs, de~dcesand procedures to estimate accurately the revetijty of exposure to CW agents and provide adequate medical trcat- meat af poisoning in man. ,: . 3. ($) Objective: To provide a basis for the treatment of Chdcal i Warfare casualties and to conduct medical research essential for both .. defunrive md offensive warfare. i i 4. (0) Ptmding: Prerent Proposed $65W $2370X 5. ‘&Scope: This program inchder: a. Clinical Investigation aad Treatment of CW Casualties - Broad axplarqtory research is in progress to gather information from which to fbrpl a basir for attaining more effective first aid aad treatment oe8#urar for CW agent poisoning and pedt a &re accurate estimation - of qaatmlty production rates for agents GB and VX. Study of VX in man is in progress.- I b. Incapacitating Action of CW Anent8 - Research is being conducted to obtain A better understanding of the mechanism and site of autha of incapacitating agents, LnchdLng psychochcmicalr. Also, poaeat%al antidotal and blocking drugs against such agents are being L tested.

C. Pathological Actions of CW acnts - Research is being conducted on the pathology of CW agents in an attempt to discover new rcbmtific facts concerning lethal and incapacitating sites of action. ahCra studies reveal whether the injuries produced are reversible or irreversible and form a basis for evaluation of CW agents.

d. €I& P8ctors Research --Human engineering studies are per- forned to evalu~tea11 items including protective and treatment deoices to insure that design of final end items will pedt util- itation by troops with optimal efficiency. e. DeveloPment of Protective and Treatment Items - Final engine- erlag teats are in progress on a cholinesterase blood determination wt which will provide a simple means for determining the blood $hofinestcrase level in the body of au individual in order to screen frwps who may have been exposed to G or V agents. A mask-tolmask rerusitator which provfdes a meam for cooductfng artificial vcnti- Satbon of name gas caeualties is also under development and is presently uadergoing final engineering testing.

44 I (U) Prolrtt Title: Medical Aspect6 of CW Watfara L' 6. - tract Program in Support of this Prolect: a. (a) Contract Title: Effects of CW and Candidate %era- PeUtiC &tnt6

i- (2) Cootractor: Uaiversity of Maryland (3) Scope: Conduct Neuro, Chdcal, Physiological, Psycho- logical, Psychiatric Studies of Effects of CW and Candidate Therapeutic Agents (4) Date of Initiation: March 1957

(6) AmPtmt Funded to Date: $71,321

FY 59 Funding Requirement: $25,000 Principal Investigator: Dr. Finesinger

Cout'ract Title: Neurological &art8 i Action of CW J .i Contractor: University of Washington

Scope: To Study and Evaluate the Action of Certain Psychotodmetric +d Trrnqufrizing Compound6 on Animals and Human Subjects

D8te of Initiation: April 1957

Date of Expiration: ScptAbar 1959

Anbunt Fmrded to Date: $100,000

(7) FY 59 Fading Regofremtnt: $40,000 (8) Prbcipal Investigator: Dr. Dilh

C. (1) Contract Title: Neurological aad Psychiatric Changes (2) Contractor: Tulane University

(3) Scope: Conduct Clinical Studies during the administration Chloropmukzin, Thorazine, Frenguel, of ' LSD and Analogues to Study the Neurological and Psychiatric Changes Produced

r L (U) Prairct Title: Medical Aspects of CW Warfare '.I (4) Date of Initiation: Novkbet 1954 b; (5) Date of Expiration: November 1958 -.(Extenrim Requcrtad) (6) &uat Fuaded to Date: $61,182

(7) FY 59 Punding Requiraknt: $2O,OOO ! (8) Wncip.1 Investigator: Dr. B. Heath d. (1) CoPtract Title: Hethodr of Trcakeat (2) Contractor: University of Colorado

(3) Scope: To Investigate Methods of Treatnient of CW Casual t iea . (4) Date of hitfation: Scptkbcr 1954 (5) Date of Expiration: Septkber 1958 (Extenrih Requested t .. (6) Anbunt Pamdtd to Date: $74,736 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $24,542 L-; (8) Principa1 Investigator: Dr. J. Bonics 8. (1) Contract Title: Treatnknt of Poiooning by CW Agents (2) Contractor: Johnr Hopkin6 UIliverr%ty

(3) Scope: To Study Mechanik and Treattkt of Poisoning by CW Agents (4) Date of Iuftiation: April 1958 (9) Date of Expiration: July 1959 (6) hunt Funded to Date: $54,457 (7) PY 59 Funding Requirement: Mane

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr: Job8

f. (I) Contract TLtle: Pharmacology of Nerve Gas Poison and Therapeutic Drug8

(2) Contractor: University of Utah

46 *fU t Title: Medical A8peCf8 of cw Warfare I. 1 (3) Scope: Study, Evaluate and Znvertigate the "Phank- L cology Of Nerve Car Poisoning aad Therapeutic - Drugdl (4) Date of Initiation: Septder 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: Septcrdber 1958

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $16,553

(7) FY 59 Funding Requiraknt: Nom ! (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. John R. Ward 8. (1) Contract Title: Psychiatric Studies of Compounds

(2) Contractor: Research Found8tion for Mental Eygienr

(3) Scope: Research SerPfces in the Measurement of Psychiatric, Psychologic81 aad Spacial Therapeutic Effect8 of Certaln Comporrnds (4) Date of Initiation: Saptkber 1957 . Date of Expiration: September 1958

Anhat Funded to Date: $25,000

PY 59 Funding Requiranent: None Principal Investigator: Dr. Malitz

Coatract Title: Neurological Actions of Agents Contractor: Johns Hopkins University

Scope: Conduct Studies on the Neurophpsio~ogica~ Action of Agents in Clinical Anid Prepara- tions Date of Initiation: July 1957

D8te of Expiration: July 1959 Anbunt Funded to Date: $15,000

PY 59 Funding Requfrcment: $15,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Langfit 47 'L (a) Project Title: Medical Aapectr of CW Warfare

$. (1) Contract Title: Studies of Clinical Pindingr from Anti- - cholinerterare Poisoning (2) Contractor: Louiriana State Univcrrity

(3) Scope: Conduct Studies and M8ke Bec&endationr Con- cerning Clinical Pindingr of Anticholinertcrarc Poison

(4) Date of Initiation: Hay 1954 (5) Date of Expiration: July 1958 (6) hunt Frmded to Date: $56,500

(7) FY 59 Funding Reqoir~ent: None (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. C. Petty

48 .. 1. !. 1. (a) && ct Title: CW-Bfological Sciences Be8 rch L Basic and applied rerearch in the biological sciences the choice of new agents and new materiel, for refection of methods for dissdnation of chemical agents and for detrlring tech- niquar fbr preventing, decontaminating and treating carualtier due to ' .: .: chtmical agleutr. 3 . J@Qblactive: To provide baric toxicological, phpsio~ogica~, pha dlogical, entomological and biophysical information required : for the development of CW agcntr and CW offensive and defensive material suitable for use under all enviroumental cooditionr.

Pre sent Proposed $12494 ~s6ion 5. ScDPe: Thls program includer: d - ._ .I a. Ph@Ra8COlORY of CW - Studier have bean conducted on adjrmcts of atrepink, such as OXIpIca, for the treatment of GB and VX poisoning. Studies 00 the mechamisma of action8 of VX and other highly toxic corn- - pouads, including those of natural origin, are In progress. Informati derived fsom there studier is the essential pharmacological bare for .! synthelir and selection of new lethal and incapacitatlng agentr md th i and f derelo#aent of therapeutic prophylactic drugs. b. Tqxicology of CW Agents - Basic and applied toxicological L researeh $8 In progresr in the following areas: mechanlam of penetration of toxic substances through the rkin, including the effect8 of additlvssi the penetration of toxic substances through clothing em- ployin$ realistically clothed animala both In the laboratory md In the ! field; the dosage response to new lethal and incapacitating agmts; long-rmga toxicological exploratlonr, and saroice work in support of the VK pilot plant.

c. Basic and Applied Physiology = Research on the effects of tem- petatwe on action8 of VX ir in progress. Environmental physiological studisw ure being continued to determine the protection afforded by the pmtadtiee mask againsf th extremes of hot and cold environmeats. Compsdattve studier on animal8 are made to detenuine the physiological mech19lj66 involved in their resistance to CW agents. Information derived drom these studlas is csrential for an tmderstanding of the actio@of CW agentr under various clhatic condltloas snd vi11 lead to the development of improved Chdcd Cprps materiel, doctrines, and ptocrdures. d. @ Agent Chemotherapr - New chrmotherapeuric compouads are . bcfng syntherizad. Improved forms of oxime6 have beea made and a searrb for more effective drugs again8t.G and V agent poiwnlag ir In progress. New screening proccdurer are also bclng evaluated.

I. I. 8 (U) Projlcct Tit&: CU Biological Sciences Research iophyrical Mechanisms of CU Wound6 - Studies have been con- '. the properties of wooads caused by toxic fragments and mla- riles. iAn improved method of assescling the antipersonnel effects L. rerultiv from such fragments has been devised. Biological studier are currentw tm progress to determine the effectiveness of shaped charge rounds ath chcahcd loading. B86k studies aimed at treatment and preventfioa of wounds caused by CW munitions are being conducted. 6. # Coutract Program in Support of this Project: Contract Title: Treatment of Poisoning of CW Agent8

Contractor: University of Illinois Scope: To investigate treatment of poisoning by neme gases and pulmonary irritants.

Date of Initiation: March 1954

Date of Expiration: December 1958

Amount Funded to Date: $100,000

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

Principal Investigator: Dr. Gordon

Contract Title: Pharmacology of Certain Cornpotlads

Contractor: University of Michigan

Scope: Conduct research on the pharmacology of certain compounds affecting the central newour systems of animals and men.

Date of Initiation: January 1955

Date of Expiration: February 1959

Amount Funded to Date: $41,220

FY 59 Funding Requfranent: $20,000 Principal Investigator: Dr. M. Seevers

Contract Title: Barrier to Skin Penetration Contractor: Western Rcseme University

Scope: To determine the nature of intradermal barrier to skin penetration of CW Agents. 50

.. (U) Pro4qct Title: CW Biological Sciences Research i. I (4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(-5) Date of Expiratiou: June 1959

(6) Anhunt Funded to Date: $15,000

(7) PY 59 Funding Requirement: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Stoughton

d. (1) Contract Title: C1inical and Experimental Bases for Treating CW Casualtier

(2) Contractor: University of Pennsylvania

(3) Scope: Evaluate, in man, drugs or drug mixture8 intended for use in preventing or treating casualties produced by V-agents or other related or new CW agents. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) Amount Fcnded to Date: $68,000

(7) PY 59 Funding Reqmirement: $i5,000

(8) Dr. J. E. Comroe

e. (1) Contract Title: Pharmacological Approach to the CW Problem

(2) Contractor: University of Pennsylvania

(3) Scope: Investigate the functional sfgdficance of nono neural tissue in the kypozhalamfc region, study effects of CW agents op transmission of ncmus impulses with autonomic ganglia and within the central ncmoes system, on cardiovascular ftmction, on respiratory activity and on reflex regulatory mechanism of cardiovascular and respiratory fuctions. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: Jme 1959

46) Amount Funded to Date: $35,000

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: None (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. C. S. Schmidt c I

(U) Ptolcdt TW: CW Biological Sciences Rerearch L f. -(1) -Contract Title: Penetration into tha Skin (2) Cmtractor: M488.cbtuett8 Generd Hospital (3) Scope: Study of rpreading of roltltionr on cutantour suf- faces and penetration of the skin.

(4) Date of Inttiatiou: March 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: February 1959

(6) hbtmt Funded to Data: $38,250

(7) lpy 59- Funding Requiremeat: $20,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. I. E. Blank

52 I I 1. (U) Project Title: Heal& Huards of Hilitary Chemical8 2, (U) muocra: -e putpore of thio project is to study the toxico- logicrrlmd pharmacological properties of military chemfcals such aa cxotfc rPI8.U. and rocket fuels, dustproducts, hydraulic fluid8 and lubricants which are required in order to estimate their hazards to mnn and to develop appropriate traatment urd preventive amtartel and procedure8.

3, (U) Oblcctive: Ths objective of thLi project is to conduct research cssrrrthl for safcguardhg pereonnel exposed to toxic chanicalr such ar propallmtr and oxidizerr. 40 (U) Rmdiag Present Proporad $280M 5. (U) Scoue: The rape of this project is to obtain and collate in- fozmatioa generotad by this program which Fs of use to the ChanLcal Corps.

6, (U) Contract Promam in Support of this Roiect: None

U 1. (a ?roIect: CW Protection Research 2, (V, prrpose: The purpoae of this project is to assesta protective L itam agabst CU agemtr wrfng bb-arsay techniques and to discover chemfcal reactionr vhich are applicable to decontmdnation procedure8 and htection and idealfibtian methods for CW agents. 3. (U) Objective: The objective of this project &a to provide a basis for the development of Lnproved &mica1 procedures for field detection and de- contminatLOp of V and C agents and of new CW agent#, as discovered, and for the biologbal assessment of protective itam against such agents.

4. (rr) *- Resent Proposed 'W Q640H 5. #Scope: This program includes the following: a. CW Aspects of Food and Water - Research is carried out on detection procedures and means of treating contaminated food and water supplies. b. Chrrmical Aspect8 of CW Protection - Studies arc carried out on. asic chemical reactions of V agents for possible lead8 to detection and dce&amin ation methods for irrcorpo;otion in& kits, crayonsr etc. i C. BFOlodcal Aspects of CW Protection - Developmental CW protective itam ua evaluated by phystologlcal and toxicological methods under various conditions.

Contract Promam in Support of this Project: Contract Title: Tart- Arnfneo and Organohologenated Ageate

Contractor: University of Wisconsin Scope: Conduct a research study involving the reaction8 and kinetics of reactions betveen varyhg organohalogenstlng materials vtth tertiary amines fn aqueous and nonaqueous media. Date of fnithtbn: June 1958 Date of Expiration: June 1960 wunt Rmded: $19,000 FY 1959 Funding Requirerncnts: None Principal Investigator: Dr. Higuchi

54 i 1. (0) Project Title: Packaging and Materials Research I. 2, (U) Purpose: Mflltary supply with its emphasis on concepts such as aerffl delivery require rrpecfallzed atteatlon to p8ckaghg aud p8ckhg and a cont.buing effort to keep pace with latert and bert davelopnts in this field. A strong materials research effort is needed to meet current requiranentr and to compile knowledge in anticipation of future mterlals need8 for CBR ~teriel. 3. (U) Oblective: To conduct a research and developent program on packaging and engineeting materials .that will promote maxisum effectfve- ness in CmlC materiel and miniman cost. 4. (0) Funding: Pteient RopO8ed $9024 $370M 5. (U) Scope: This program includau the following: a. Packaging Research for h1C Materiel - Emphaaio Is being placed on development of specific end-item packaging such as CW warheads fo missiles, CW alarms, atc. By providing eaglnaered packaging and pa for QplC materiel it is ansured that this mateiel will be serviceabl from the time of production to the timr of use. $. bo Materfalr Research for WCMateriel - Emphasis will continue on resolving rpeciffc material problaas conaiaaatwith end-item developant. The use of more efficient and economical materials in CmlC end it- per- L mits better design concepts and facilitates their manufacture. 6. (rr) Contract Promam in Sumort of this Project: None

55 1. & Project Title: large Area Particulate Cloud Travel (LAC) (U) !* PurDose: Calculations and preliminary tests have indicated that :i iess5bIe to attack very large areas, 100,OOO square miles or greater. uith BU-agents. Further testing is required to quantitate this concept and to determine-both the potentiality of large scale Bw attacks and the vulnerability of the 0. S. to such attacks. 3. Objective: The objectives of this project are to determine the dist tion of biological agents achieved over areas of several hundred thousand square miles by disseminating materials along an extended line source and to obtain definitive data for the verification of predictive meteorological concepts relating to air mass trajectories and downuind diffusion of particulates.

4. (D) Fundina: Present $mow e 3221: Scope: A series of exploratory trials have been conducted using line sources (400 miles and greater). Fluorescent particles were released in amounts up to 5,OOO lbs. per trial. The particulates were dispersed over an area in the order of 300,OOO square miles, establish the fersibilfty of this concept. Additional trials are being conducte obtain quantative data on area coverage using this method of particula dispersal under a variety of meteorological conditions. Increased is being given to improving the stability of Bw agents and developing appropriate disseminating devices for test purposes. Nodcls for predict- ing particulate cloud diffusion and area coverage are being developed. 6. (0) Contract Prooram in Sumort of this Project: None

56 1. (U) Rolect Title: Cloud Physics of Toxicological Warfare 2. tu) PurDose: Effective operational use of toxic CW and 819 munitions by tbs field conmmnder requires (1) the ability to predict target effectiveness, (2) the ability to predict target meteorology, and (3) reliable estimates of the potential hazard to friendly troops, Efficient, economical, and reliable field testing of toxic CW and BW munitions necessitates an understanding of the basic parameters governing atmospheric turbulence and diffusion. This project encompasses the essential field trials, data evaluation, and theoretical studies, to meet the above requirements. 3. (U) Obiectivg: The objective of this proJect is (1) to develop information concerning basic parameters of turbulence, (2) to fora mathematical predictive equations for concentration and dosage calculations to improve the theoretical basis for field testing, and (3) to provide the essential tools for field combat use of toxic munitions systems, 4. (U) Fundinq: Present ProDosed $3ocna $3000~ 5. (I Scope: This program includes: 1 C- a. C- - Studies have been initiated to inve f- gate the diffusion of gaseous and particulate clouds over special surface situations such as (1) tropical jungle and rain forest, (2) mountainous regions and broken terrain, (3) open sea, and (4) arctic terrain.

b, Yeteorolouical Research in SUDDO~~of the LAC Proaram 7 Studies on vertical winds gustiness with height and diffusion of particulates for downwind distances up to 200 miles under night time conditions are in progresJ

Cm J~~r V e and Fo eoa n to Ouerational Emolovment - Improved methods are being developed for opera- tioaa 1 met eorolog i ca 1 f oreca st i ng . d. Jnvest ia ation of Diffusion from Point Source% - This program is designed to provide data on the downwind distribution of material of a dis- tance of 0-1 and 0-10 miles over flat terrain under a wide range of meteorological conditions. Data will be used to verify and/or modify nmthematical models that have been developed for estimating EIW and CI ca sua Iti es .

57 . . (U) Project Title: Cloud Phydcr of Toxicological Warfare

! 6. Contract Roaram in Surmort of this Project: (1) Contract Title: Characterfaation of Air Flow Patterns d' (2J Contractor: Stanford University (3) Scope: The scope includes participation in planning, executing and evaluating of field experiments designed to compare atmospheric diffusion prediction equations over flat open terrain, to continue cloud physics instrumbntation work, and to provide assistance in development and advancement of CBB test technology specifically as it pertains to FP tracer techniques. (4) Date of Initiation: June 1955 (5) Date of Expiration: June 1959 (6) Amount Funded To Date: $320,329 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: $85,000 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. W. Perkins

58 1. (P) Ptolect Title: Ecology and Epfddology, DPC 2. (u) mrpore: nepurpoae of this project ir to continuoualy investigate tha-rafety f-tr and condition8 for field terting BW material8 in order to rafeguard the health of animal and human populationr of the DUP~Y test 8'ra.o

3. (U) Objective: The Objective of thir project ir to Identify the inract, animal and bird population' of the Dugway Provfng Ground and

I determine the dirsarer endemic in them and the diseases to which they are susceptible, with particular emphasir on the agent8 to be util- ? ? ized at DPG.. 4. (U) Frmding: Present Proposed $185M $64014 5. 4 Scope: This program includar: a. Rerearch on Fatma ln Field and Laborator~t(Ecological Phase). Research in the trslrrotsrion of disease by wfldlifa with particular empharir to those BW agents to be tested at DPG. b. Sunrey of LiVe8tOck and Wildlife (EDiddological PhaseL. Surveys are conducted on infectfour disearar in livestock and wildlife to determine current endemic direare rttuatious and to detar- mine any affects of BW field trielr. 6. @Contract Program in Support of this Proiect: a. (1) Contract Title: Epidemiology Survey of the Region ln and around Dugway Proving Ground, Dugway, Utah. (2) Contractor: University of Utah

(3) Scope: Conduct continuour investigation relative to the safety limits md coaditfonrr for field testing toxic BW materials in ordar to safeguard the health of animal and human populations of the test arear. (4) Date of Initiation: September 1957

(5) Date of Expiration: September 1959

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $90,290

(7) PY 59 Funding Requirement: $S7,000

(8) Principal Investigator: Dr. Jager

I. I. (U) Prolect Title: Ecology and Epidemiology, DPG I I b. (1) Contract Title: Ecological Research Studier on Evalu- ating Wildlife in Relation to Spread - of BU Agent8

(2) Contractor: University of Utah (3) Scope: The objective is to perform continuing research on fatma in and arotmd DPG in the field and laboratory to provide the basis for predictions of public health impact oa rpecific BW field testing programr . (4) Date of Initiation: June 1958 (5) Date of Expiration: June 1959

(6) hunt Ptlnded to Date: $290,924 (7) FY 59 Punding Requirement: $91,000 (8) Principal Investigator: None

L 1. (U) Pto5ect Titlet CBB Field Tert Technology I I 2. (U) P8ypore: To provide the t8chaologicd rereuch tr8ent181 to the development of technique8 for efflcfent, rfgofflcrnt and accur8te'Iield rampling urd arrermaent of CBR Parnltlon md 48nt dirrcl~ination'trial&

3. @) Obfcctive: To provide 8 rurtdnlng and crftlc81 ev8luatfon of tachniqucr, methods md equipment utilized In CBB field tertlng in order to improve ulrting knowledge and capability in thir field. 4. (a) -in&: Prerent Prop0 red S250M Qll20M S. &~copa: ~hirprogram lnclude8: a. CW Field Tert Technolo= - Thir program will prwida for develo-t of errmti8l ma1ytlcal pmcedure8, collection techniquer, ad evaluation techniquer requlred for the accomplirbment of field testing in the CW uaxnltfonr program with current smphrrii ou the V-filled Itam. b. BW Field Tart Technolorn - Thir program wfll provide for the dsvelopmQnt of techntquer in collection, ~seitmmt,and evdua- tion of BU agent8 dirranlnated in vuiour uperimantal munition8 and dwice8.

6. (a) Contract Program in Support of Thlr Prolect: lone

61 PAGE 62 IS MISSING

. 1. (a) Protect Tftle: BW Warheadr for Bockrtr and Mfsrri1ar 2. (U) Pur~oret The purpose of this projact is to satisfy a r8quircment for upplicatbu of BW items to mirrile warhead8 for U.S. Army. This vfll provide an integrated BW capability for U.S. Anmy shown by operational etudicr to have 'Lnportant advantage8 ha variour military rituationr. 3. (U) Obiectivr: To develop a BW weapons rystem for misrile delivery. 4, (U) Fundtng: Present Proporad $lSOM Q992n

5. &COD,: A BW warhead for SERGEANT Hirsilc is being designed and several prototypes fabricated and tested. Upon completion, thir item will give the Army a BW capability utilizing the SERGEANT Hisrlla. 6. @Contract Ronram in SuoPort of this Prolact: (1) Contract Title: Reliminarp Ecclearch and Development of a Hisrile Warhead .

(2) Contractor: Aerojet-Ganeral Corporation .

(3) Scope: To develop a satisfactory BW Warhead for delivery and r- lccrsa of BW agent bomblatr (SRRGECLNT Mirrile). 3 (4) Date of Initiation: April 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: blovambar 1958 (Extenrion being negotlotcd)

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $108,730

(7) Fp 1959 Funding Requireamat: $113,480 (8) Technical Supervisor: Mt. S. Fabeck

63 1. Pylect Title: Special BW Operation8 i. ' (m The adaptation of BW to special operation8 require8 rarearct to ertablirh both offenrive and defmrive capability in thi. i I area.

1 :-.. 3. Obiactive: To provide materiel and trchniqurr rpplicable to rpecial offenrive aud defenrive BU operation~.

4. (U) Funding: Prersnt Propored ! $men 464% 5. 490e: ~nntirionof BW materiel urd technique, for apecia1 operation8 whlch will prwide a new capability in warfare. Detail8 of thir project are TOP SECBXT. 6. )C-ontract Program in Sumport of Thir Protect:

8. (1) Contract Title: Stdier md IUV88tig8tiOllB of the Factor8 Affecting the Pathogenicity of Salmonall8 (2) Corntractor: Univcrrity of Wfsconrin

(3) Scope: Conduct requert6d rtudier of the factor8 affectin the pathogenicity of Salmonella 3 (4) Date of Initiation: Psbruary 1955 L (5) Date of Erpir8tiOn: February 1959 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $82,600 (7) FY 59 Punding Requirement: None (8) Principal Zwrrtigator: Mr. J. V. Wilron b. (I) Contract Title: Preparation urd Evaluation of Staphylococcal Znteto toroid8

(2) Contractor: University of Chicago (3) Scope: Dwelcp and evaluate toxoid8 from partially purifird rtaphylococcur antarotoxin preparationr

(4) Date of Initiationt nay 1956

(6) Amount Funded to Date: $56,200 (7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: loor

I. I

(v) Projbet Titlor Special BW Operation8 (8) Principal frrvortigator: Dr. Gail M. Dack - r C1 (1) mtrwt Title; h88tigatfOn Of -it.tiOU k8b8t Coccidioides inmiti8 (2) Contractor: Duke Univarrttl,

(3) Scope: Conduct necarrary iavertigation of vacciuo preparation8 againat Coccidfotder idti8

(4) Date of frrftiatiou: July 1956

(5) Date of Exptr8tlon: Septaraber 1960

(6) Fund& to Data: $28,800 (7) RI 59 Funding IjMuirmmnt: Mono (8) Principal Ivertigator: Dr. No- S. Conant

d. (1) Contract Titlo: fUVertigatiOU8 bnc.imi- th8 Pathog.lri and Phyriology of th8 68uu8 qtococcf (2) Contractor: miverrity of Weat Virlioia (3) Scope: Conduct rtudiar md teats ralative to tho L pathogmicity md ph~8iOlO~of tho g.wr. CfgptOCOCCU8 (4) Dat8 of Initi8tion: Augurt 1956

(7) Fp 59 Funding 8.qufreumttt Mono (8) Principal Imrertigator: Dr. John Slack

65 L I i 1, (0) Prkject: BW Xunitiona Development

2. (rr) puroorra: To dcvclop BW munitions vhfch caa be delfverad by current opd future weapon8 system8 of the Armed Forcer. 30 (0) Objective: The objective of thio project fe to develop BW munitioao which will snabla the field army to utiliza BW ueapoar) fa the mort effective manner and vhich wfll prdida a pohrful weapon of a characteristic not found in 0th~-POW. .! Rcrent RoPouad $385M $lOSOM S. #Scope: The taab mdar this project are a8 follow: 80 fortable Biolonical Qmetator - This im a development task to develop 8 BW tvunitton which cuo be wad by troop8 in forwud areas. Such a Pamition wtll prod& the field soldier with a weapon for we in certaia tactical rituattoar in which coaventiorrsl mapoar would be of little u8a. t. I bo 3.4 SPharical BW Bomblet - Thin bomblet is of the ralf-dirpers t type amble the mot effective delivery of BW agent8 from guid 1 and will 9 missiles .nd 8ircrcft. Thfr bomblet io Ln the advrnced design stagar has been ruccarsfolly daliverad by supersonic tast vehicler.

C. Assessment of BW Munitions During the developmeat of BW munitiono, the vrriour derignr mu8t be tastad and the BU tffectivenerr owst ba carefully L. masrued urd evaluated. Special method8 and tachniquas must be dwirrd in order to accmpllsh this fisk. 6. (U) Contract Ronrrcm in Support of thir Proiect: None

66 Y

1. (U) Proiect Title: BW Product and Process Engheerhg 2, CO, more: . ~t ir essential tbt opt- proceas equipment and product design critetfa and designs be deweloped to implement an active I BW production. program whenever the need may aria& 3. (9) Obiectfve: To develop complete, up-to-date derignr and rpecifi- catbar for BW production proccsser, equipment and products. 40 ('9) Punding Present Pro.oored $205W Q024M 5. 4Scozm: This program fncludar the follopsfag: a. Pri~aratianof DravLnnr and Purchase Darcriptionr - Drawings and uurch.ae descriptions will be available to procure it- for Ffnal Engfueer< Ls Tcrt (e.& ,-E42 Generator, E-133 Sphere, B-25 BW Field Sampling-Kit). b. Ennfneerfnff Studies - Itnowledge of latert advancer In engIneerhg techniques ir maintained enabling applicatbn to the BW progrua rerultkrg in solution of unique 869 problems. 6. (U) Contract Pronram in Support of thir Roiect: (1) Contract Title: Standardfzed BLologLcal Safety Cabinets (2) Contractor: Aerojet-General Corporation

(3) Scope: Produce complete set of production fabricatfon drawbgr L and models for aafetp hoods and parts for use' in producing antfpersoanal agents for use in BW. (4) Date of Inltiation: July 1957 (5) Date of Expiration: September 1958

(6) Amount Funded: $98,000 (7) FY 1959 Funding Requitemento: None (8) Prfncipol Investigator: Mr. Harold P. Feldman

67 1. (U) Project Title: BW Ageut Procesr Development 2. 1) RuPore: A reliable, avaluated procerr for producing agcntr in latm qtrantitier fs aosentfal for a lethal or fnCapaCit8tfUg BW weapon8 8frStQPb. . .

3. mabjective: The objective of thir project L8 to develop ecod- dlydertrable and technologically feasible Plathods for producing BU agents Uchmeet8 specific technical requirananto. 60 (U) Frrrrdina: Resent Proposed

8773li * $250oH. 5. Scope: Thio program include8 the folloviag: a. Procear Developmurt of Drrr P. TularsnsItr (UL) - A production procer. will be demonstrated In pilot plant equipment for the production of dry UL and the product evaluated for aerobiological propertier.

b. Proctrr Development of Wet Venezuelan Equine Encedu&lompelitis (:IQ Prlot plant development of Agent Nu fn eggs will be coprpletad. Work Vis1 include aerobiological propertier of wrt NU. Thio work will result obtaining the information requitad to establish a production capabilit7. C. Asrerlnesnt for BW Process Develoument - Reliability of proces1 e8 for dry UL and wt NU will be evaluatcd in test opberes and chambers usbg test ffxturea and prototype muaitlonr. Aerobiological properties of the dry agentr will be asser8edo 6. (U) Contract Pronrem Ln Suooort of thio Roiect: None

68 -- -. 1. (U) )roJect Title: Anticrop Warfare

2. ePur80r.r To perfom rerearch on plant patho$anr, and chemical ant* 4mt8 which uould rerolt in a reriour 10.8 of a$ricultur81 c-ditie8 to the extent that the ability of an eneq to vase war would ba rerfously affected. .- 3. &Oblective: To provide affective .gear which will attack an- agricultural colllPloditiar. Prerrrrt Prop0 red $200 $20OOW

S. R~co0.rair program includer rerearch on cereal agantr, rice pathogenr md anti-rice chdcalr, rcreening of new biological =ti-crop 4mtr bcludhg vir4 typer, epidemiological rtudier on potential target arw, rereuch to determine pr8cticd antfcrop agent dirremin8tion techniquer and equipment ruitable for field testing and potential opera- tf-1 ~liC8tfO~O.

6. #contract Program in Support of Thir proiect: noe. ~hgrproj va8 praviourly cancelled due to lack of fund8 and har jurt beea re- ertablMmd by the Department of the Am.

69 V

la ect Title; CU Warhedr for Rocket8 and Mirriler 2. To amble tactical unitr to neutralize effectively L/ both po _t rad large area target8 by 918 of large rocket8 and guided mirriler for delivery of CU agentr. Y - 3. (I)Obfectiver To develop the mort effective chemical warfare capability exploiting the potential of ch-icaf agent8 in rurface- to-surface mirriler and largar rocketr. Propo red ~29oon 5, # ~ccmes ~hirprogram inclwiers -_ a. 6b Warhead8 for XOliBST SOm Rocket - Thir cwerr development of 'a CU vuhed for the HOIOBST JOm Rocket 8ad evolving data nacsrr8q for design of 8 varh8.d compatible with the -roved RONEST JOm Rocket viehh the tiOD. fr-8 that the rerpectiva rocketr will remain in the a '. Any ryrta. b. CW Warhead Stadier for Guided Mirriler - Thir cover8 the coadoct of rtudier md invertlgationr of buic principler to guide dmvelopPart of CW wuhedr of mutimum target effactivenarr for rocketr aad guided mirriler. Studla$ have been deof the ruitabfli for CU um-of the LITTLZ JOHIO, REDSTONE, JUPITER, pxtd LACRoS8B type 3 mirriler, and .o i~ertlgationir being nude of the ruitabilfe of tire of murive vuheadr for point target. d bomblets for larger L tu8.trm em Q Warhead for 01)tiunsm LI2TLB JOER Rocket - Thir cwer8 devrlopamt of a warhead to provide the with a flexible cqabiliq to neutralize both point axid area targets. da GB W8rh..d for SBRtZMT Hisrile - Thir cwerr development of a vuhead to ptovide thr field Amq with a CW capability to rtrike tlrgrtr in reu mu.

6. (v) -tract Progr8m in Support of Thir Project: Contract Title: Field Testing of Warheadr '\ pmtraetar: New Mexico A= College ! '. Scope: Performr the rervice of collecting, arrembling, and mvaluating the data obtained a8 the rrrult of actual mirail. firings at White Sands Proving Groad. Date of Initiation: 4 Dsceaber 1936 Data of Expiration: December 1958 I I i Projqct Title: Cw Warheadr for Rocket8 and Hisrile8

(6) hunt Puuded to Date: $51,845 i (7). PI 59 Ponding Re@re&ntF $36,000 (8) P'riac€pal Ihvertigator: Hr E McDovell b. (1) Contract Title: Experimental Pyrotechnic and Explosive Development and Loading Devices

(2) Contractor: Atlar Povdcr Company (3) Scope: To develop and conduct testa of variour pyrotechnic and/or explosive components to include: - (a) gar generator pyrotechnic components, (b) pyrotechnic delay and explosive bolt assanbliqi, and (c) linear ahaped char@

(4) Date of Iaitiatioa: June 1958

(5) Date of Expiration: Jtme 1959

(6) Asbunt Fmded to Date: $15,000

(7) PY 59 Funding Reqdre&t: Ron.

(8) Principal Investigator: Mr. R. Cirr

C. (1) Contract Title: Pabrication of Wathead Casing8 .. (2) Contractor: Mrcraft Amuments

(3) Scope: To design, develop and fabricate ten test warhead cariaga for CORPORAL Marilea (4) Date of Initiation: Jane 1956 (5) Date of Expiration: July 1959

(6) ktmt Ftmded to Date: $99,614 (7) FY 59 Ftmding Reqdrenkt: $lO,OOO (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. W. Birchman

71 I

! (v) ?ro#.ct Title: Cy Warhedr for Rocketr and Hirriler id. d. (1) Contract Title: Warhedi for StBcEANT Hirrild (2) . Contractor: Cook Blectric Company .. .d (3) Sc0p.t To derign and fabricate CbdC81 warhead for SERCEMT M88il8 I i (4) Date of Initiation; June 1957 i (5) Date of Expiration: December 19S8 (6) hrount Puaded to Date: $110,999 (I) II 59 ?ding Regdrameat: $25,886 (8) Principal Invertigator: Mr. C. P. Bilinrki

72 .. I' I i I 1 1, (a Project Title: flu^ Warfare Xatariel 2, (U) Purnose: US CONABC and tha U,S, Marine Corps have firm require- PlQot8 -for materiel and related equipmeut for effective conduct of flame warfare. ' ..---. .' 3. (a) Objective: To develop improved portable and mechanized flame

fhrOwer8, flrpla thromr remica equipment,-. incendisry-- agenta, flamo t fuels.md fuel thickarrarr. Puading Resent Proposed $24051 $62m Scows: Thi8 program includes the develojrment of the follovtng flama warfare item of materiel which arc scheduled for atazrdardization withkr the next two years. Flame- throwerr for AIN/APC Class Vehiclas - This item will giva capability to 6 new family of light weight vehicles,

kDorwed Portable Flame Throvar 0 Thi8 item ir 1/3 lea8 the weight of preaeat rturdurd flame throwera, ha improved filling aud sen?icing char8cterirtic8, and bettkr 8Llhouetta charactarirtica. addition, it will extend the range of portable flame throwerr to 10 mtm8r

c. Flame fuels and thfckeners = An improved fual thickanat of poly- butadiene rubber is under developmeat. Thio thickener irr oupertor to prerrrrt thickenerr for production of mora stable fuels with better mixiq urd Ope.r8t&02&al chuacterioticr, and w&ll be usable ia all current flmt prototypes and et8nd8rd flame material, d. E42 Fire Rocket - Final Engheering Test8 are baing conducted on a fhme rocket that wfl1 giva the ground forces a cloea support weapon for eiuploymnt of flam on area targats at ranges of 400 to 2500 maters. Prerent f1-e capabilities ara lfmited to a range of 300 meterr. e. Fuel Mixing and Transfer Unit - An improved fuel mixing and truss fer unit ir =der developmaat which wfll be of continuous type and Vi11 pemit sarpicing of protable and mechanized flame throwers at a markedly bcrarred rate with less maiatenance. 6. (tr) Contract8 in Support of thie Proiect: Noaa

73 . I I 1, (tr) pofcct Title: Toltic CW Ifunitbar I 2, @) -pore: To develop the mrt effective chauical werfua capability both- aui.l Urd gtOUnd d.liVw rnuP%t%OUl. 3, (U) Objective: &qufreme!ttr uirt to develop tba mort effactlve toxic chddmuuitionr for d8liver7 b7 current and future aerial urd ground vmpen ryrtw and which a1enable tha Armed FOrC88 to have the best toric chdcrrl offanrive capability in r&dfuerr, , 4. (U) Paandha: Present Ropored I $ffidk 8291W 5, 4Sco.e: Thir program inchader the fol1ovlng:

80 jCechniau88 for Field hr.lu8tion of CW Munition8 = Thir ta8k ir to devalop the PeCU8- tachniquu for the propu tartbg and 8valuation of V- agmt ad+agent munltio-. . ..

be V-bnmt mition8 0 ThF8 tuk I# to dwdop -ittom vhich dl1 die. renkute V-agantr the mort 8ffrctive WIT8md provide a capability for

Area TorFc Rocket Wupon Syrta~. Feasibility rtudier are a180 baing coaductc on V-agurt rpray t8nkr to be carried by USM and mvrl aircraft and dronar. 0th furibility rtudisr are being conducted om ~88Ivecube bed38 for the ddivuy of GB and V-agent8 by USAF rtrategic bomberr. , Although wt fuadrd by Arq, OB ahall8 are b8bg developad for Sn and 6" Xaval 8upr a8 vel1 a8 8 500-1b. 6B bomb for mal aircraft delivery. .

C. Othu tub under thio project are the d&elopmmt of 8pecl.l riot control duwicw for the Milit.rl, Polica ruch 88 the Hellcopt8r-~untsdIrri- t8nt OU Dirparrer, the Pott8ble Irritrrrt C.8 Disperrer, and a burrtiag-type Irritaut Gu Grade.

6. &Contract Rontmn in Support of thir Proisct:

antract Titla: Boplb Bay Spray Tank Contractor: ED0 Corporation

Scope: To datamrinr tha feasibility of a bomb bay spray tank fcx use vith CW agcntr.

D8t8 of Initiation: July 1957

. I. L/ . Toxic CW Munitions i (5) Date of ExpiratLon: January 1960 Lr ' i6) hunt Funded: $116,600 . (7). PT 1959 Funding ReqUka~nt8: None (8) Principal Investigator: . Ht. Donald Shaptro ;. -. b, (1) Contract Title: Dcvelopmsnt of Self-Dieparsing Rotor .t (2) Contractor: The Blettner Aircraft Company I (3) Scope: Development of self-dispersing rotor.

Date of Expiratbn: Deccmber 1958

Amount Funded: $37,000

Fp 1959 Funding Requiraaents: None 4 Riacipal Investigator: Mr. A. Flettner j Contract Titla: Wind Tunnel Testing

Contractor: National Bureau of Standards

Scope: Conduct dud tukl studies of the aerodynamic charactcr- istic8 of Chanical Corps aerial munitions.' Date of Initiation: January 1958

Date. .-.. of ExpiratLon: May 1959 .* .* " . *v. Ammuat Funded: $11,000 FX 1959 Funding Requirements: $10,000

Rlncipal Imrestigator: pft. B.E. Heald

Contract Title: Encapsulation Materials for Utilization of C;: ~

Contractor: University of Michigan Scope: To investigate various encapsulation materials and techniques for utzlization hi CW.

75 i Rpject Title: Toxic CW Ebrnitiolu (4) Date of Initiation: June 1958 - (5) Pate of Expiratba: June 1959 (6) Amount Funded: $1.00 (7) FX 1959 Funding Eequiranenta: $1.00 (8) Principal Investigator: Dr. A. Mattocks

e. (1) Contract Title: Theoratid Investigation of Gas Behavior

(2) Contractor: New York Universitp

(3) Scope: To conduct thevretiml investigation of gas behavior as ralated to casualty .productton and munition effective- ne88 0

(4) Date of Initiation: June 1957 4 (5) Pate of Expiration: August 1959 (6) bunt Funded: $40,000

(7) Fp 1959 Funding Raqulremeats: $20,000 L (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. L. Earbach

76 1. (U) Prolrct Title: Simllbg and Screeufng Sm0)ces 2. (U) I-re: US CONARC has stated requlreraotm for countet~~~ruras agakrat oirtrrl, infrared and radar. observ8tion and for ptotectlon agaht the-1- ef fac$s ,of atomic weapons. :

3. eajectiv.: TO improve smoke signalling and screening rystem cap-

1 able of being wad by the Army in support of both offenriva and defensive C4.t Op~8thl8.

I 40 (v) -din= Resent Ro~orad I $2% $66M 5. 4 Same: Studies are in progress on methods for the generation of ecreenhg agents which will 8-e as countermewurea againrt virual, infrared and radar battlefield observation. Max- protection against tho tharplpl effect8 of atomic weapons is alro included. 6. (U) Contract Promam in Support of this Prolect: None

4 .. j -_

77 1, (a Pro_tcct Title: Engfneerfng Des&gn, Specfffcatfonr and Tclrtbg

2, (0) PurPose: In order to assure mars producibility of CW item under development, it Is necessary tht required englnaering be performed throughout development . Drawingo and purchase description8, including rurrrefllance criteria are requfr8d for procuranent of prototypes for final eaglneering tertr.

3. (0) Objective: Perform englrrtcrfng to assure mael producibilitp, pro- pard final prototype drawings and procurement purchase descriptfons of I I Chemical Corps materiel and conduct engineering studies. 4. (a) Rmdinq: Present Proposed $25~~ $85514 5, (v) Scope: This program fncluder the following: 8- EngLneerfng Desigr' and TestLng - Engineering rtudier are being conducted on subjects such as modern metal forming ttchnlquer, decontam- Fnrrtion of alr filters, powsredmctal procasr and equipment. bo Product Design and Drawtags - Drawtngs are babg prepared on items on which prototypes vlll be provided for Final Engfnserfng ! (Cog., E137 Tax& Collective Protector, 8" Bowftzer GB, EONEST

C. Purchase Descriptions and Environmental Surveillance Criteria - Purchase descriptions are being prepared for BngLneering Test procurement and criteria are being establiahed for itam entering Environmental Test Progrm.

6, (a) Contract Program fn Sumort of this Proiect: None

.. W Agent Ptocerr Development project cover8 the rerearch rtudier and procerr development of new CW agent8 and procrrrer includhgi (8) t& accumuhtion of baric rere8rCh procerr information d &t8; (b) *rpeCial iWeltb8tiOUI to iqroP8 -it Bpth~i8md techq%quer; d (c) the rptheair of trial lotr of qenta ad agent intermediator for munition development tart program. 3. (p) Obj8ctiv.t The objective of thir project ir to coadclct procerr rerearch urd develop new and imqroved procerrer, equipment md operational techufquer for the mnufacturr of CU agentr and inter- mediatea. 4. (n) Funding: m=-Present 5, #$=om: - Bue8rch rtudier and iwertigationr rill be carried out to determine the buic factor8 pertaining to intrrmedi8t8 8t8bilitl, and poti$icatioa and to determine procarr d8ta. Znforautioo daveloped uad8r thir program Vi11 arrure that Chemical Corps vi11 be able to fulfill itr mirrioa of maintaining up=to-date procerr rerearch 3 data aud informution required to provide want rad munition CapabiliQ.: .;f -- 6. 0 antract Program in Sumo'tt of mir Preiect: 8. (1) Contract Title: Procarr Studi88 8f V-agent

(2) Coattactor: M. W. Kellogg Company

... - *d --;. (3) Scope: Thir co&lct har a8 ita objective the definition of the rerctionr for the efficient production of VX agent uriq the Tranrerter Proceas.

(6) Amount Funded: $212,695 (7) PY 1959 Fundi- Bequiramentr: $12,476

79 I CW Warning adDetection

2. Utpurr ronrer are ineffective for warping of the id.. 8garrtr. In addition, the ufreme todcitjr of therr -eats bictater that r8pid vadng device8 be av8ihblo which am aapable of periitting prrrolnrel to tdco protective measurer prior .. . t0 -8Ure f0 inC8p8dt8thg fat81 do88ge8. .- .. Or detection methodm od kit8 are required (1) to datedue yhen it ir rafe to r-te protaction, (2) to dalineate area. coat&8td# ad (3) to i idensif7 rpacifk 8gaatr urrd. i .: :I 3. Oblectin: To develop rapid warning ryrtcmr for the Aped Forcer prmitthg aloyment of protective mearurer bafore enemy 08. of CBR agent8 beck8 effective, and to dedre identification ryrtrar vhich cau identify the rpecific agent ured in an attack. 4. (U) fuudins: Prermt Proposed Q46M S1600M 5. 4 $COD.: Thi8 prUgr4 Lncluder:

a. ~o%ico~oaic8~Are8 Screrninn Ala=# 9 A priority rcrearch 3c effoG f8 befag cooductad tow8rdO the ddve~opmaafof m item c8pabte * of inmediate warnhas of the prerencc of tordc 888 cloud8 prior to their bfiltr8tiop of 8 mffit8ry operation. A "breadboard" modal of 8 darice callad UIPAIR utilizing the infratad principle bra bee8 cun8ttrrcted and teated with ~cour8gingrerutltr. L b. Detection Method8 md M~tcrialrfor Toxic Agent8 - Research is being colrdoctod on chemical8 and their reaction for use in paprrr, potJder8, pAnt8 and'crajrollr to detect P and G agentr. Tho rerdtr fkthere iatr8tig8tiOn8 will fern the bar%. for the development of 9ev ita& ruperior to edrtirrg detection od identification dericer. c. DevobPli.atd It& - Tbe foflowlng it& are present17 =der development : \ (1) Todc &ant Point Source Ala&

(3) CBR Agent Srmplfng urd Analyzing Eit

6. Contract Pronrb in SUDQOrt of thir Proiect:

8. (1) mtrt8ct Title: Tart for V-Agent

(2) Contractor: Batelle Xemorhl Irrrtitote

L I (a) project Title: CW Waraing and Detection r Date of Expiration: Exteasion has been requested

.. . &mat Funded to Date: $114,400

1 PY 59 Funding Reqdr&tat: $40,000 Principal Investigator: Dt. R. Poirier Contract Title: WPAIR Ala& Contractor: Farraad Optical C&paay scope: Development and construction of a fixed inrtal- lation LOPAIR A1.m Date of Initiatlou: January 1957

Data of Expiration: DecaPber 1958

kunt Funded to Date: $33,47S

PY SO Funding Requirement: None Pdncipa1 Investigator: Mr. R. Atrer Contract Title: Miniaturized E21 Alann

ont tractor: R~CUO Corporation of Amcrica Scope: To miniaturize the E21 Point Source AlaG Dute of fnftfrtfon: December I954 Date of Expiration: February I959 Ammat Funded to Date: $163,950

FY 59 Funding Requirement: None

Prhcip.1 Investigator: f. R. Parsons

Contract Title: WPAIB System

Contractor: Eastman Kodak Company

81 . (U) Proj(ect Title: CW Warning md Dctccticm (3) Scope: Investigations of WPAIB Systems for Detsrdina- tion & Toac Agents

(4) D8te of Initiatioa: Juue 1955 (5) Date of Expiration: April 1959

1. ; (6) &t Funded to Date: $129,050 (7) FY 59 Funding Bequfr&ent: Nono (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. C. D. Salzberg

e. (I) Contract Title: WPAIR Syrt~ (2).- contractor: Parrand optical cGp.rrjr (3) Scope: Conduct Studies on Isiprovad LOPAIR Ala&, E-33 (4) Date of Inftiatfon: October 1955

(5) Date of Expiration: October 1958 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $106,692

(7) FY 59 Funding Requirement: Noae (8) Princfpal Investigator: D. P. Nolan

82 . ..

either Initial and equipment warfue.

e.. militam plarmerr.

To prwide the infonmtion, techaiquerr md equipment for defsrrre againrt the radiological hazard8 incident to nuclear warfare. There huudr may be from the initial l or r8ridu.t radiation from 8 mrcleu weapon and/or the radiation from r8dio1ogicaL W8rfU8 4. @) PMdiq: , -Praeent Propored $S7OH $2250M S. 8~eop.t air program includeat a. Protection &8in8t ~8dfo~oR~c8~Ruudr - The determination Of the UmtmP CrO88 88CtiOn8 Of V8riOU8 dmt8 -0rt-t for U8e in milit- rhielding rpd coartruction are being conducted joiatly with tho4 Hatfond Bur.8~ of Stdudr. Neutron rcattering, absorbing and rrflect g .zperimratr over rpd through vuioa8 media are being conducted m an inhouse progrm. Thir program paut be correlated clorel7 vlth the 8- B rdfation, the baildin8 of 8- radiation within an abrorbfng medium, d the developnunt of d8t8 for we by derignarr of equipment md fortific&tioor to incorporate the opt* ammu rhielding cbuacterirticr conrirteut vlth other req~irawatr.

b. AtapPic Weapon8 Teat Putfcimation = Planning ir coatiuuing for guticipation irr atemic weaponr terte vhen the current moratorim expirrr. This inChd88 the mUmt0Of both 8- md Umtron rrdhtion 88 8 function of both the and dirrtance rrrd the detednatioa of the rprcttum. C. Technical hraluation aud ltewiav - The U.S. h.8 detonated 8p-,zsri- x18tely 1% nuclear wapon8 and device., ranging from 8 feu tons to revrral mrgatcnr yield md wide vuiotlcno in height (or depth) burttr. Thai& dhtr maat be correlated .ad put into ureable form md the probable a:ssz&:y dettrmfnrd. Thir rro* ir expected to rhow where additional work ir aeedtd cr where further work is tot naadul and put mdiable data fato & fern urrabla by non-technically trained paraonnel. d. Tactic81 Garma-Ncatron Dorimeter - Thir vork cevfra the dmaicF- mmt of A dorirphter which will record both thr neutron and grmru dorrm rezeived, either singly or combined.

03 I !

Def-8. - Work in offenrive op1o-t of radiological limited to rwlrw of current and projectod from US and MTO re~~tofr,is continuing. f. Radiation Tert Are8 md Particle Accelerator - A circulu radfatfon teat pea;wfth a 100 pard rdiw ir prerrptly under conrtruction. Thir radia{$onl field Will bo urrd for goppu rhirlding problmr, biological srrprr~nts, inrtrumeut calibration and development, and development of myitorfog upd rurvey trchaiqurr. Megotiatfonr ueunderway at the prerrart the for the purchare of a particle 8ccelerator for ure in the neutron prograa. Thir acceler8tor will give 8 controlled 80urce of nrutron~of varlour energier and Will be of groat we in the neutron field.

a. (1) Contract Title: Clp~luNeutron Dosimeter (2) Contractor: Controlr for Radiation Incorp. t (3) Scope? To derign, fabticate 8nd t88t roitabh equipment .. . for thr fabrication of t.ctica1 chemic81 dorht@r Cox!tr.ctor vfll conduct kinetic 8tudfer and frohtil and identify qurntitrtlvely the radiolyrir product8 u~ingbotb typor of r8diatim. (4) D8te of Inftiationt J-8 1958 (5) Date of hpiratioa: May 1959

(6) Amount Funded: $80,087 (7) FY 1959 Funding Riquir~ntrr $35,657 (8) Principal Imtattigator: Ur. I. Blm8t.h

84 Prolect Title: Combat Surveillance Comtemuarurer mod- Electronic)

Purvore: Great cmpharir ir being placed by the Armed Forcer *.in th we of photographic, radar, and infrared dwicer to obtain information om en- movanentr. Since the en- vfll have a rbilar capabili~,counte~arurer againrt there devices ue'necerrary to protect our own forcer. Non-electronic, or phyrical. countenuearure 4entr are often more effective than electronic cotmteruuarure~for jnnmins, or rendering ineffective, ruch battlefield rur~eillance d~icer. Oblective: To dircover and develop, non-electronic principler, wen30 # and dirrdnation ayrta~aimed at reducing the effectivenear of en- virual, photographic, radar, md infrared battlefield ~ur~eill-ced~k.8. 4. (U) Fundinpt Prerent Pmored $230M 5. @Scope: There are three tasks under thir project which are rupported approved requiranuntr from the field amy. Theme tarkr b are:

a. Screeninn Anent8 Rarearch: Thir tark is to discover new and improved non-electrenlc screening agentr and methodr of diraanination Of Such qmt8.

b. Infrared Screeninn S~rtcor: Thin tark ir to develop a suitable weat ad dirremfn8ting ryrtemvhich Will provide protection 48inrt an- infrared runmillance ryrtems. There is an approved requirement from the a- field forcer for thir countememure myrtan md an -art hu been found (Sl6) which ir quite effective. At present, a new 888 turbine dirremin8tor is being developed which will provide protection of troop8 and armor over luge ueu from en- photo- graphia, visual and infrared marveillance rystsnu. c. Radar Screeninn Srrrtanu: This trek is to develop a suitable rgcnt &nd diS8anin8ting ryrtm which will provide piottrtion againrt enemy ruhr ruipeiflmce rystamr. There ir m upprwed requirement form the amy field forcer for thir countemaeasure iystem. An agent ham bean developed @lo) which is affective against the mort coumonly used radu surveillurce wavebands and development is being initiated to provide di8iembatOrS such ao 81 nm~and 4.2" mortar shell8 for protection of forvtd trocpz against enemy radar locators, and variour high-altitude rocketr to protect guided mirrile battrlionr from enemy ridu surveillance. Work lr continuing to develop a nav screening agent which will be eqsally effective at the utrsmsly short radar bandi now coming into uac for rurveill.nce purporrr. 6. @) Contract Program in Sumort cf Thia Prolect: None 1. (a) Rollect Title: CW-BW Protective Materiel L 2, .(a) erpooe: The purposa of this project is to develop protective material and procedures which are compatible with present and proposed Oper8tiOd doctrine and techniques and that are required to enable .. units Fn the field to accomplirrh their mission under condition8 of CBR warfare. 3. eObfcctive: The objectives of this project are to develop effective decontamination systems, protectfve masks and cumponentr, nev and improved clothing and clothing finishes and collective protection materiel which wfll satisfp existing requirements for BW-CW protective materiel. 4. (U) Fundinq: Resent Rooosed $9OOM $3100M 5. #Scope: This program include8 the following:

80 Pretective Clothin&- Search for a $othing impregnation system which is reactive, repellent and self-indicating for nerve and vesicant type agents which WLll provide effective protection against highly toxic agents whi& cause casualties through skin penetration. 2j , b. Decontamfnat.fon Methods and Materiel - Development of E17Rl Por able - Decontaminatfng.Apparatu8and DS-3 Solution, Studies on an individual decon- tmfnrting kit. Search for improved decontamination procedures and materials.

C. Collective Protection for Guided Missile Control Vpas - Development of protectors for NIgE-HERCULES and HAWK. Studies on AN/GSS-l and Missile Monitor d. Gas and Aerosol Filter Material - Evaluation of dry process material. ! A?plied research to obtain improved absorbent for protective applications. a. Collective Protection for Field 'Type Shelters - Applied research on field type diffusion shelters. General design studies on diffusional shelters. f. Tank Collective Protection System - Work on E37Rl Tank Protector and othzr protection problems on tanks and combat vehicles.

g. Beliconter Pilots' Mask - Development of helicopter pilots' mask, h, Field Protective Mask - Completion of development of E13 type Eield ma-;!.: which wfll satisfy USCON4RC requirements. c

(a) ?rbJact Title: CU-BU Protactive Materiel b 6. Camtract Pr0nr.n in Sumort of Thir Profect: 8. (I) .Contract Title: Protective Clothing Xaterialr (2) Contr8ctor: Burir Bererrch Laboratoriar

(3) Scope:' Conduct ivertigative rtudier of clothing to protect the human bdy from percutamour attack from toxic .gent#

(4) D8te of Initiation: May 1958 (5) Date of Expiration: M8y 19S9 (6) Amount Funded to Date: $10,000

(7) F1 59 Funding Requirement: $10,000 (8) Principal Imertigator: Mr. A. Schwutz e t b. (I) Contract Title: Protective Devicer (2) Chtracta- .&$ia5Safety Appliance Ceqq .. (3) Scope: The derign d developMnt of protactive davicer, Including S 13 Nuk (4) Date of Initiation: April 1953 (5) Date of Expiration: December 1958 (6) btmt Funded to D8te: $691,350 (7) R 59 Puuding Requiransnt: Bans (8) Principal Invrrtigrtor: I!=. R. CotrXrb

C. (1) Contract Title: Cu Aarorol Filtrr (2) Contractor: Waterbury Companlcr

(3) Scope: Design a process for the mass production of gas aerosol and filter elanmts. (4) Date of Initiation: March 1956

87 .

Pro liact title: CW-BU Protectiie mteriel , I I Decanber 1958 bd (5) Data of Expiration: I -. (6) Amount Funded: $99,800

(7) Fp 1959 Funding Requirements: :$lO,OOO (8) Principal Investigator: Mr. W.F. Reibold

d. (1) &tract Title: Small Decontaminating Apparatw

(2) Contractor: Walter Kidde Company

(3) Scope: To investigate the development of a small decontadnating apparatua . (4) Data of Initiation: June 1954 (5) Data of Expiration: December 1958 5. (6) Amount Funded: $91,837 s

! it) FY 1959 Funding Requirements: None (8) Principal Investigator: Eft. V. Dennis w e. (1) Contract Title: &uproved Field Protective Maok (2) Contractor: Continental Rubber Company

(3) Scope: Development of an improved field protective mask. (4) Data of Initiation: June 1953 (5) Date of Expiration: Decanber 1958

(6) Amount Funded: $4gS870

(7) Fp 1959 Funding Requirements: None

(8) Principal Investigator: Mr. A.C. Erca

f. (1) Contract Title: Pcnneable Protective Clothing Treatment6

(2) Contractor: Food Machinery and Chemical Corporation

c C

Project Title: CU-BW Protective Materiel (3) scope: To develop methods of treat- protective clothins which VLll be-ralf-krdlcating. bate of Initiation: September US?

D.tr of Expitation: Decanber 1958

I hmt Puadad: $88,000

Fp 1959 Funding R8qUhcm6nt8:. None Principal kvestlgator: Efr. J. Keafe Contract Title: Research and Development of Protective Device8

Contractor: Hkrca Safety Appliance Companjr Scope: To develop direct color tertr for u8e in G and V alarms t Data of InltLetio8: May 1958 pI; Data of Expiration: January 1959

bUrre mde6: $80,500 L FX 1959 Funding Requiremaats: $80,500 Principal Investigator: W. J. Lytle

L' c ccu I , . 1. (v) Pro4 ect Title: 'Emtironmental Field Terting

2. (v) Prrrpous: To fulfill the requirement for comprehensive emiron- menta& tcutLng established by bB 705-5 and AR 705-15.

30 (u) aiective: 1- TS mrrliihia' a zanrprettmifrrm tal field test program to eveurrte Chemical Corpr materiel against objectives outlined kr AB 705-15 and to .valuate perfotmance and utotage capabilfticr of CW-1 Corpr materiel under emfromental stresso I Prouos ed 1 .! $81W

5. (v) j3copc: Thir project iucludes maintaining test teams at arctic, desert, tropic, and temperate teat sites to generate data and evaluate perfommace and rtorage capabilities of Chanical Corps mataricl under ahort-tarm d long-term cmtironmental stresa. Approximrrrtely 40 it- are now umdar tert with mew itmu being added a~ they bacume available from tha dmalopment program.

6. (?I)Contract in Sumort of thfr Program: Noue % --r2 -I

..\.

..- .

- -.. - .*.

OD --c 1. @) Prolect Title8 CBR Field Tertlng 2. (It) Pur~ore: To provide the errential d8t8 for thm engineering + derign, .engfn.eripl tmrtipl, and proof of potemtial of dl Chemical . Cow8 Cy md BW -ition-ymt conbinatiour. Thir fi tmplsoPsllted by 8 program of *fi&d tertiug of there $taw couducted by the U. 8. .. A- ChedC81 Co-8 -0 . J PrWfng 3. (0) Obiective: To teat CBP -*enti, ueaponr, urd defenre item8 - under dynamic field t8.t conditionr to determine their rultability.

4. @) Funding: Present Propored $1986M $5580M 5. #ScoPer Thir progrmn includar:

8. bff.1- t Tert -9 By teatlug vuiour munition8 under saprer-tionr, d8t8 will be g8aer8t.d to broaden tha bad8 for ev8lu8tfon of the dirr8min8tion of CU 4uatr md the 8Uit8bflfv Of new a~~titfOn8for -8 Ch@8if&C8tiOno Data provided under thir project refpe to quantify oar new capability in s? CW and the ability of our agent-aumition ayrtsplr to circlrweat the field protective muk. I b. BW Develoment Terting: By tertiag vuiour munitfonr and BW dirpenrtrrg 8yrt.sr under d-ic conditionr, d8ta will be evolved - to enhance the technolow of BW agent dimemination and provide development d enginmerlxq teat infomation lradirrg to type claaai- b.I fication of BW artrritionr. Thir vork vi11 lead to BW offenrive c8p8bflf tie8 UOt pr8Smtlg W8il8bh0

60 (v) Contract Prosram in Samort of Thir Pwiect: None

91 a. Contract Title: A Study Relating to Bw Detection bo Contractor: National Academy of Sciences e. Scope: Endeavor to ascertain, so far as practicable, a fresh and basic approach to the problems inherent in biologicar agent detection. do Date of Initiation: December 1957

. 'e. Date of Expiration: March 1959 . I. Amount Funded To Date: $6,000 g. FP 1959 Funding Requirement: None h. Rinciprl Investigator: Dr. Clem Miller 4r a. Contract Title: Study and Analysis of the Wi RL;D Program b. Contractor: Booz-Allen Applied Research, Inc. e. Scope: Investigation and analysis of the Bw BGD progkm uith respect to those areas where Bw can make a substantial contriba- tion: an evaluation of current and planned progranu in the BW field in light of progress and overall requirements; make as required specific individual appraisals of the overall Bsy prop d. Date of Initiation: February 1957 e. Date of Expiration: January 1962 f. Amount Funded to Date: $477,000 g. FY 1959 Funding Requirement: $230,000

h. Principal Investigator: Project Officer = Mr. byward

92 a !

a. Contract Title: Survey of Test Practices L I bo hontractor i General Analysis Corporation

. ;.. . C. Scope: Conduct a detailed survey of current test practices of -- Biol ogica 1 Warfare Laborat ories, Chemi ca 1 Warfare Laboratories, and Dugway Roving Ground. d. Date of Initiation: September 1958 e. Date of Expiration: February 1959 f. Amount Funded To Date: $57,247 g. FP 19S9 Funding Requirement: None h. Rincipal Investigator: Mr. Paal Horneyer

a. Contract Title’: W/CW Study b. Contractor :, University of Pennsylvania c. Scope: Contract is divided into two phases, (1) Supported by MID deals with the feasibility of employing non-lethal W/CW agents in limited war situations, (2) Supported by4be - . Chemical Corps deals with the conmunication of BGD information on W/CW between research and developnmnt agcrncies of the Army.Chernica1 Corps and military planning and using agencies. d. Date of Initiation: July 1958 e. Date of Expiration: June 1959 f. Amount Funded To Date: $lOO,OOO g. FY 1959 Funding Requiremnt: None h. Rincipal Investigator: Dr. K. Krieger

93 c

(a) R.03 act Title: 'Brrviromneatal Field Testing L 2, (v) Rtmora: To fulfill the requirement for comprehensive emiron- menta& teatfag established by AR 705-5 and A% 705-15, * -- 3. (U) 6bjective:2' Z$maiiitaia a rumprchmsPlre kbirubmntal ffeld test progrlcP to eva&uate Chaukal brpr materiel againrt objectives outllntd in AR 701-15 and to svaltutc puformance and atorage capabilities of Chdcal Corps materiel under amtiromnental stress.

I '?

5. (U) Scope: Thir project iucludea maintaining test taams at arctic, desut, tropic, and temperate test rite8 to generate data and evaluate pufornunce and storage cap8bilitiar of ChSmical Corpr materiel under short-term and long-term amkromaxtal etresr. Approxhataly 60 ftcmr are nov under test with new items being added a8 they become available from tb development program. 6. (U) Contract in SuvPort of this Program: None p

.. L/

... .

90 .

1. (v) Prolect Title: CBR Field Terting

To provide the ureatial data for tho engineering tertfng, upd proof of potanti81 af dl Chemical Corpr CU and BW munition-yeat comb~tionr. Thir ii implemented by a program of -field terting of there $taw conducted by the 11. S. Army chemical Corpr Proving Ctoopdb 3. (U) Oblectiva: To tart C0R -.enti, veapon8, urd defenre item8 - under dyn.nric field test condition8 to deterpline their ruft8bility.

5. ~com: TM~program includsr:

8. 08V8fmUt Teat- -* BJ t88thg V.tiOU8 ~1UnitiOU8 under r.prramt8tire dpanlc conditionr, data will be gener8t.d to broad- the buir for evaluation of the dirramination of CU .gent# and the rultability of new munition8 for type clarrification. Data provided under thir project reme to quantify our nev capability In CW md the ability of our .gent-namition ~ymtewto circuwont the field protective muk.

I b. BW Devrlomeat Teat-: By terting vuiour oermitionr and BW dirpenaing rjratu under dynamic conditioru, data will be 8~01V8d - to auhance the technology of BW went dirrdnatioo and provide dsvelopmeat and eaglneeriag teat Lnfoznutiolr leadiirg to type claari- fiC8tiOn Of BY Pmritiolr8. m8 trorrk Will 10.d tO BW Offm8iV8 e.pabilitier not prerontly #ailable.

6. (U) Contract Prorr.rP in Smort of Thir Project: None

91 80 Contract Titles A Study Relating to BW Detection b, Contractor: National Academy of Sciences e. Scope: Endeavor to ascertain, so far as practicable, a fresh and basic approach to the problems inberent in biological agent detection. d. Date of Initiation: December 1957

* 'e. Date of Expiration: March 1959 , f. Amount Funded To Date: $6,000 g. FP 1959 Funding Requirement: None h. Principal Investigator: Dr. Clem Miller

a. Contract Title: Study and Analysis of the WO RCD Rogram b. Contractor: Booz-Allen Applied Research, Inc.

C. Scope: Investigation and analysis of the Bw B6D progkm with respc to those areas where HU can make a substantial contribu- tion; an qvaluation of current and planned programs in the BW field in light of progress 8nd overall requirements: mike as required specific individual appraisals of the om all BW propm, d. Date of Initiation: February 1957 e. Date of Expiration: January 1962 f. Amount Funded to Date: $477,000 g. FY 1959 Funding Requirement: $230,000

h. Principal Investigator: Project Officer = Mr, Haynard

M a !

a, Contract Title: Survey of Test Practicer I bohontractor : General Analysis Corporation

C. Scope: Conduct a detailed survey of current test practice8 of Biological Warfare laboratories, Chemical Warfare tabaratorfer, and Dugwry Proving Ground. d, Date of Xnitfation: September 1958

e. Date of Expiration: February 1959 f. Amount Funded To Date: $57,247

g. FY 1959 Funding Requirement: None

h, Rincipal Investigator: Mr. Paul Homsyer

a. Contract Title': BW/CrO Study b. Contractor:. University of Pennsylvania

C. Scope: Contract is divided into two phases, (1) Supported by MID deals with the feasibility of employing non-letpal BW/CW agents in limited war situations, (21 Supported by'the - Chemical Corps deals with the comwnication of Wl inform- tion on wU/CW between research and development agencies of the Army.Chamica1 Corps and military planning and using agencies. d. Date of Xnitfation: July 1958 e. Date of Expiration: June 1959 f. Amount Funded To Date: $100,000 g. FY 1959 Funding Requiremnt: Node f h. Rincipal Investigator: Dr. K. Krieger