Field Guides Tour Report Spectacular Southeast , both parts, North and South

Oct 28, 2011 to Nov 28, 2011 Bret Whitney & Marcelo Padua

In 2011, "Spectacular Southeast Brazil" again lived up to its billing. Marcelo and I and a fun group of birders, many of them friends from earlier Field Guides Brazil tours, took on the challenge of finding and seeing well as many of the of the northern Atlantic Forest biome as we could in two-and-a-half weeks, and then kept up the lively pace through the southern half of the route, Part 2, with most of the same group plus a few new folks that had changed out with participants doing only the first part. All told, we tallied more than 500 species seen during our month of birding travels and adventures, from the dark forests of tiny Espirito Santo in the north to the vast, rolling grasslands of Rio Grande do Sul in the far south. Many of these were seen more than once or twice, which allowed everyone a chance at especially good views of each species, including many of the rarer endemic birds, and also a "refresher" here and there to help assimilate the massive avifauna we explored.

Having led most of the Field Guides tours to southeast Brazil since its inception in 1989, I can tell you that the birding success of this tour -- if measured in species seen by all -- is always highly dependent on the weather (I know, I say that every year). After all, the birds are there and we know the "address" of every single one of them... so it is the weather, overall, that dictates the likelihood of certain birds making it onto the final list. Our 2011 tour turned out to be the coldest trip we've ever done, with average daily temp's a good 5-10 degrees F below normal. This made for quite pleasant conditions on many days, and it was comfortable for birding almost every day. We also experienced somewhat more rain than on recent tours, which "put a damper" on birding a few times although it ultimately cost us perhaps only a couple of nocturnal species. We dodged the nastier weather successfully on a number of occasions, most notably at Itatiaia and Ubatuba, but it dealt us a rare three-day blow at Intervales to begin Part 2. Truth be told, I'd happily trade some ugly weather at Intervales for clear The lovely Swallow-tailed , always a prize on any visit skies in the far south, and that's exactly what we got. The to Southeast Brazil. (Photo by guide Bret Whitney) Araucaria-dominated highlands of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were simply gorgeous and birdy to the max!

There were so many highlights that it's hard to choose a few to mention here but, for the North (Part 1), I'd have to include Chuck's great spot of a pair of Solitary Tinamous in the trail ahead (they allowed us prolonged good views); that fabulous male Red-billed Curassow that walked toward us for a couple of minutes of oohs and ahhs early one morning (with the local TV crew along in tow); the Black-and-white Hawk-Eagles that graced our first morning afield; some fantastic looks at rare Blue-throated Parakeets and Red-browed Parrots; a very cooperative Pearly-breasted Cuckoo; wonderful views of Least Pygmy-Owl, Tawny-browed Owl, and even a Stygian Owl!; that amazingly huge Long-tailed Potoo that sat for minutes; a very close male Ocellated Poorwill; the Three-toed Jacamars that carried on with nesting activities as if we were hardly noticed; Red-breasted Toucans on the feeders at Itatiaia; fancy Blond-crested Woodpeckers and a fine study of the distinctive, endemic subspecies tinnunculus of Ringed Woodpecker followed by a pair of huge Robust Woodpeckers; a

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 1 simply amazingly tame Tawny-throated Leaftosser that foraged literally at our feet for minutes; a superb view of a Black- billed Scythebill early on; a Spot-backed Antshrike that, after a good deal of suspense, appeared almost right overhead; that male Black-hooded Antwren who graced our bin's for only a minute or two but left us all dazzled and with indelible images of him stored for all time; our clean sweep of the six gorgeous along with stunning White-bibbed and Squamate antbirds; Marcelo's work with the Rufous-tailed Antthrush that resulted in good views for all; that Eye-ringed Tody-Tyrant that we caught up with after many thought we'd missed it and the Fork-tailed Pygmy-Tyrants that came oh-so easily (for a change!); the female Velvety Black-Tyrant that sneaked on to her lichen-covered nest when it started to rain; a marvelous view of Black-headed and those stunning Swallow-tailed at nests, so close in perfect morning light (priceless stuff, my friends!); a rare and much-appreciated Wied's Tyrant-Manakin that allowed scope study for minutes and the dynamite male Pin-tailed and Swallow-tailed manakins that later blew us away; and those first really good looks at Brazilian, Diademed, Red-necked, Brassy-breasted, and Gilt-edged tanagers (like WOW!). Mammal sightings were also exciting, the standouts being a group of globally endangered (and also pretty cute) Buffy-headed Marmosets and a very rare sighting of a Jaguarundi with two cubs that stayed in view for a couple of minutes. Whew, that was just "North of the Tropic"! Now let's recall some of the goodies from "South of the Capricorn."

As I mentioned earlier, we started under rain clouds that didn't give us much of a break for our entire stay at Intervales... but did that stop us? No way! We still managed to pick up most of the "must-see" birds there, especially a single Black-fronted Piping-Guan that sat for long scope study, a pair of rare Mantled Hawks engaged in aerial display; handsome Hooded , sneaky Red-ruffed Fruitcrows, spectacular Plovercrests (southern subspecies loddigesii), crowd-pleasing Giant and White-bearded antshrikes, a good Such's Antthrush despite the rain -- and a truly fabulous Variegated Antpitta that bounded into the middle of the road for us early one morning. Nope, can't beat that!

Red-tailed Parrots showed up right on time, only a couple of hundred yards off from their usual commute: sweet! Also very red that morning was a large flock of Scarlet Ibis, a surprise first for the tour (friends tell me they're starting to make a concerted comeback along this part of the Brazilian coast, great news!). Restinga Tyrannulet and Long-billed Wren were also friendly that morning. Speaking of parrots, the South was Super for them, producing memorable encounters with Pileated (real close!), Vinaceous, Blue-bellied (unparalleled views this year), and even the very rare Red-spectacled, which seems to be nesting in the spot we've found for it out of Sao Francisco de Paula. Canebrake Groundkeeper was the source of a little suspense one morning near , but that story had a verrry happy ending (gracas a deus). Similarly, the hunt for Black-backed Tanager, always tricky, looked "quiet," shall we say... but man did we see that well, especially after Dona Margaret located it in a place where we could get the scope on it. And it came right after our first and only(!) Crescent- chested Puffbird of the tour; we dang-near missed that one, folks. A surprise Short-eared Owl spotted by Judy was really cool (and seldom seen on this tour).

One morning in the forests of Rio Grande do Sul certainly stood out as special for all present as first a Speckle-breasted Antpitta, then a Rufous-breasted Leaftosser, then a Short-tailed Antthrush came in close around us, even circling the group for everyone to see. They were all three singing right beside us for a few minutes. It was a pants-wetter. If you could beat that Variegated Antpitta standing in the road at Intervales, it would have to be something like this!

The invigorating highlands of Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul were a fitting close to the tour. Songs of Red-legged Seriemas, Red-winged Tinamous, and Spotted Nothuras lilted over the landscape and we got to see all of them very well. Saffron-cowled Blackbirds and Black-and-white Monjitas were in company as always and Blackish Rail, Plumbeous Rail, Rufous-sided Crake, and the tough Red-and-white Crake paraded around as if they were on stage. Meanwhile, the little guys -- Bearded Tachuri, Sharp-tailed Tyrant, Straight-billed Reedhaunter, Freckle-breasted Thornbird, Gray-cheeked Grass- Finch, and Black-bellied and Tawny-bellied seedeaters, and even the ultra-rare, as-yet-undescribed species of seedeater being studied by my friends in Rio Grande do Sul -- all performed perfectly for us. As always, a few nice birds mananged to slip through the net. We again missed Cherry-throated Tanager, which apparently had not been seen by anyone in 2011. Cold, rainy days at Caetés sure didn't help with the hunt for the tanager or Shrike-like Cotinga (not a sign of it this time around). We did not even hear Spot-billed Toucanet and Black-capped Piprites, two great birds we've perhaps never missed before; Salvadori's Antwren has become very difficult in recent years and we're going to have to find a new area for it. The generally cold conditions definitely cost us two usually relaible nightjars: Long-trained and Sickle-winged. Fruiting bamboos at Itatiaia, Intervales, and elsewhere on the routes were past, meaning no Buffy-fronted or Temminck's seedeaters. "The good times" are over for the time being, but these two will magically reappear when the conditions are right again. Oh yeah, and no Kinglet Calyptura again (hey, just wait, we'll get it figured out).

Now, those of you participating on the trips this year are no doubt hollering, "But what about the hummers?? Where are all the tapaculos?! Yeah, I hear ya! Hummers were out-of-this world good, especially at Jonas's feeders near Ubatuba. What a

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 2 fabulous show! It's a pure delight to pull in there, sit down, and enjoy a couple of hours of amazing looks at literally *hundreds* of hummers of over a dozen species at over a dozen feeders. Not to mention the fruit feeders visited by lots of dacnis, euphonias, and tanagers. Obrigado, Dom Jonas!! We had fine feeder experiences at several venues along our routes, the second-best being Itatiaia, for sure, but Ruschi's place was also very exciting and we picked up some goodies at Sao Francisco de Paula, too. I think we had 25 species over both tours. A high proportion of the hummer species in eastern Brazil is endemic to the Atlantic Forest.

OK, let's talk tapaculos. We sooo nailed them, ALL of them, this year. That's never happened before, and may never again -- just too many things have to fit into place to be able to come away with good views of all eight of them, including two new species that are still awaiting formal description. Trickiest, for sure, is the Wetland Tapaculo, which is definitely among the hardest birds to lay eyes on in the world, even when you know it's singing right in front of you. We did it this year, but it was... tricky. A couple of the others required similar stunts but a couple also came gratifyingly easily, especially the two forms of Mouse-colored and the northern, nominate form of Slaty Bristlefront. Its southern, as-yet-unnamed sister showed well on a rather miserable, rainy morning at Intervales, but it jazzed us thoroughly and we continued down the trail to be rewarded with a Spotted Bamboowren! Actually, our White-breasted Tapaculo was ALSO seen well that same soggy morning at Intervales -- quite a haul indeed. Might as well work on the ground if the treetops are too foggy to see!

I know I speak for Marcelo as well when I say that we tremendously enjoyed birding with all of you in SE Brazil. What fun we had on so many days! A lot of it was the birding, for sure, but the good times at happy hours (and our wine-tasting with "Tio Wilson" on Part 2), at sit-down-can't-get-up churrascaria lunches, around dinner tables, and just hiking along the trails not knowing what might show up next were paramount to the overall enjoyment. We are anxious to see you all again, and we're already looking forward to birding Brazil some more with several of you on tours yet this year.

The following list covers both parts of the tour. Each species recorded on only one or the other parts is so indicated, with N if only on "North of the Tropic" (Part 1), or S if only on "South of the Capricorn" (Part 2). If a species was seen on one part but only heard on the other, this is indicated, for example: N*/S (heard only on N, seen on S); an asterisk by itself means the species was heard only, not seen by tour participants anywhere.

Boas viagens, e grandes abraços para todos vocês!!

-- Bretche

For more information about this tour, including future departures, visit our web page at www.fieldguides.com. And to see this same triplist online, go to http://fieldguides.com/triplists/seb11LIST.pdf and you will find the list in its entirety.

KEYS FOR THIS LIST One of the following keys may be shown in brackets for individual species as appropriate: * = heard only, I = introduced, E = endemic, N = nesting, a = austral migrant, b = boreal migrant

BIRDS Tinamidae (Tinamous) SOLITARY TINAMOU (Tinamus solitarius) – N/S* Chuck's great spot of two(!) on the road ahead of us at Linhares led to good scope views for all. [E] LITTLE TINAMOU (Crypturellus soui) – N One that came out in the road briefly was seen well by most folks. BROWN TINAMOU (Crypturellus obsoletus) – N*/S We were treated to a couple of fuzzy chicks crossing a road at Intervales, dad nearby but not showing himself. [N] VARIEGATED TINAMOU (Crypturellus variegatus) – N [*] RED-WINGED TINAMOU (Rhynchotus rufescens) – S Great views toward the end of the trip. SPOTTED NOTHURA (Nothura maculosa) – S Also seen very nicely. Anhimidae (Screamers) SOUTHERN SCREAMER (Chauna torquata) – S Anatidae (Ducks, Geese, and Waterfowl)

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 3 WHITE-FACED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna viduata) BLACK-BELLIED WHISTLING-DUCK (Dendrocygna autumnalis) – N MUSCOVY DUCK (Cairina moschata)

Group birding in the southern highlands (Photo by guide Bret Whitney)

BRAZILIAN TEAL (Amazonetta brasiliensis) – S [N] WHITE-CHEEKED PINTAIL (Anas bahamensis) – N YELLOW-BILLED PINTAIL (Anas georgica) – S SILVER TEAL (Anas versicolor) – S YELLOW-BILLED TEAL (Anas flavirostris) – S Cracidae (Guans, Chachalacas, and Curassows) SPECKLED CHACHALACA (Ortalis guttata squamata) – S [E] RUSTY-MARGINED GUAN (Penelope superciliaris) – N DUSKY-LEGGED GUAN (Penelope obscura) – All over the place at Itatiaia, and several with chicks. [N] BLACK-FRONTED PIPING-GUAN (Pipile jacutinga) – S Lucked out with this one, right at the buzzer. RED-BILLED CURASSOW (Crax blumenbachii) – N Fabulous experience with an adult male in the road -- it walked directly toward us for a minute or more as we watched through the bin's and scopes. [E] Odontophoridae (New World Quail) SPOT-WINGED WOOD-QUAIL (Odontophorus capueira) – N [E*] Podicipedidae (Grebes) PIED-BILLED GREBE (Podilymbus podiceps) – S Ciconiidae (Storks) WOOD STORK (Mycteria americana) – S One Fregatidae (Frigatebirds) MAGNIFICENT FRIGATEBIRD (Fregata magnificens) Sulidae (Boobies and Gannets)

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 4 BROWN BOOBY (Sula leucogaster) – S Phalacrocoracidae (Cormorants and Shags) NEOTROPIC CORMORANT (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) Ardeidae (Herons, Egrets, and Bitterns) RUFESCENT TIGER-HERON (Tigrisoma lineatum) – N COCOI HERON (Ardea cocoi) – S GREAT EGRET (Ardea alba) SNOWY EGRET (Egretta thula) LITTLE BLUE HERON (Egretta caerulea) CATTLE EGRET (Bubulcus ibis) STRIATED HERON (Butorides striata) WHISTLING HERON (Syrigma sibilatrix) BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nycticorax nycticorax) YELLOW-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON (Nyctanassa violacea) BOAT-BILLED HERON (Cochlearius cochlearius) – N Great views of an adult on its day-roost. Threskiornithidae (Ibises and Spoonbills) SCARLET IBIS (Eudocimus ruber) – S Two flocks totalling about 120 birds seen near Cananeia, SP, where they appeat to be making a comeback, which is wonderful to see. WHITE-FACED IBIS (Plegadis chihi) – S BARE-FACED IBIS (Phimosus infuscatus) – S BUFF-NECKED IBIS (Theristicus caudatus) – S ROSEATE SPOONBILL (Platalea ajaja) – S Cathartidae (New World Vultures) BLACK VULTURE (Coragyps atratus) TURKEY VULTURE (Cathartes aura) Accipitridae (Hawks, Eagles, and Kites) GRAY-HEADED KITE (Leptodon cayanensis) – N HOOK-BILLED KITE (Chondrohierax uncinatus) – S A perched adult male looked cool through the scopes. SWALLOW-TAILED KITE (Elanoides forficatus) WHITE-TAILED KITE (Elanus leucurus) – S A good spot by Margaret SNAIL KITE (Rostrhamus sociabilis) – S DOUBLE-TOOTHED KITE (Harpagus bidentatus) – N An adult at Linhares; rarely seen in the Atlantic Forest. RUFOUS-THIGHED KITE (Harpagus diodon) PLUMBEOUS KITE (Ictinia plumbea) BLACK-CHESTED BUZZARD-EAGLE (Geranoaetus melanoleucus) – S Marcelo spotted an adult really high over the grasslands of Santa Catarina. LONG-WINGED HARRIER (Circus buffoni) – S A couple of these handsome raptors seen on our last day in Rio Grande do Sul. Three-toed Jacamar (Photo by guide Bret CRANE HAWK (BANDED) (Geranospiza caerulescens gracilis) – N Just one Whitney) sighting this trip. WHITE-NECKED HAWK (Leucopternis lacernulatus) – N Seen twice, both times pretty briefly (but diagnostically!), at Linhares. [E] MANTLED HAWK (Leucopternis polionotus) – S An adult showed up exactly on time, as expceted, then we also saw a pair in high, diving courtship flight, spectacular to watch. [E]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 5 SAVANNA HAWK (Buteogallus meridionalis) CROWNED EAGLE (Harpyhaliaetus coronatus) – S Another excellent spot by Marcelo, an adult circling over a hilltop that scaled down the valley below us, giving us exciting views. ROADSIDE HAWK (Buteo magnirostris) SHORT-TAILED HAWK (Buteo brachyurus) – S WHITE-TAILED HAWK (Buteo albicaudatus) BLACK HAWK-EAGLE (Spizaetus tyrannus) – Pretty nice views of soaring birds, N and S BLACK-AND-WHITE HAWK-EAGLE (Spizaetus melanoleucus) – N It was exciting to start off with views of these regal birds on our fist morning afield; seen again late in the tour. Falconidae (Falcons and Caracaras) BARRED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur ruficollis) – N*/S We coaxed one bird into flying across the track, but that was it. COLLARED FOREST-FALCON (Micrastur semitorquatus) – S [*] SOUTHERN CARACARA (Caracara plancus) YELLOW-HEADED CARACARA (Milvago chimachima) CHIMANGO CARACARA (Milvago chimango) – S AMERICAN KESTREL (Falco sparverius) [N] APLOMADO FALCON (Falco femoralis) – N What can we say but wow! Festive Coquette BAT FALCON (Falco rufigularis) – N male, photographed by guide Marcelo Padua Rallidae (Rails, Gallinules, and Coots) RUFOUS-SIDED CRAKE (Laterallus melanophaius) – S Great views at the marsh near on our last day. GRAY-BREASTED CRAKE (Laterallus exilis) – S [*] RED-AND-WHITE CRAKE (Laterallus leucopyrrhus) – S A truly fabulous view of an adult on a foggy morning in Rio Grande do Sul; what a treat! GRAY-NECKED WOOD-RAIL (Aramides cajanea) – N [*] SLATY-BREASTED WOOD-RAIL (Aramides saracura) – Good views several times, finally getting everyone caught up! [E] UNIFORM CRAKE (Amaurolimnas concolor) – S Close, but no-show to the recording. [*] ASH-THROATED CRAKE (Porzana albicollis) – N [*] BLACKISH RAIL (Pardirallus nigricans) – N*/S Excellent studies of a bird on our last day near Porto Alegre. [N] PLUMBEOUS RAIL (Pardirallus sanguinolentus) – S A fine view of an adult, just before we saw the Red-and-white Crake! COMMON MOORHEN (Gallinula chloropus) – S Aramidae (Limpkin) LIMPKIN (Aramus guarauna) – S Cariamidae (Seriemas) RED-LEGGED SERIEMA (Cariama cristata) – Good views on both tours, with an especially nice spot of a pair near Intervales, by Deb. Charadriidae (Plovers and Lapwings) SOUTHERN LAPWING (Vanellus chilensis) AMERICAN GOLDEN-PLOVER (Pluvialis dominica) – S Recurvirostridae (Stilts and Avocets) BLACK-NECKED STILT (WHITE-BACKED) (Himantopus mexicanus melanurus) – S Jacanidae (Jacanas) WATTLED JACANA (Jacana jacana) [N]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 6 Scolopacidae (Sandpipers and Allies) SPOTTED SANDPIPER (Actitis macularius) – S SOLITARY SANDPIPER (Tringa solitaria) – S GREATER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa melanoleuca) – SS LESSER YELLOWLEGS (Tringa flavipes) – S WHITE-RUMPED SANDPIPER (Calidris fuscicollis) – S PECTORAL SANDPIPER (Calidris melanotos) – S Laridae (Gulls, Terns, and Skimmers) KELP GULL (Larus dominicanus) ROYAL TERN (Thalasseus maximus) – N SANDWICH TERN (Thalasseus sandvicensis) BLACK SKIMMER (Rynchops niger) – S Columbidae (Pigeons and Doves) ROCK PIGEON (Columba livia) PALE-VENTED PIGEON (Patagioenas cayennensis) PICAZURO PIGEON (Patagioenas picazuro) PLUMBEOUS PIGEON (Patagioenas plumbea) – This is the nominate, Atlantic Forest endemic form. EARED DOVE (Zenaida auriculata) – S RUDDY GROUND-DOVE (Columbina talpacoti) PICUI GROUND-DOVE (Columbina picui) WHITE-TIPPED DOVE (Leptotila verreauxi) – S [*] GRAY-FRONTED DOVE (Leptotila rufaxilla) [*] RUDDY QUAIL-DOVE (Geotrygon montana) – One spotted by Chuck at Linhares Psittacidae (Parrots) BLUE-THROATED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura cruentata) – N Great views of this beauty at Linhares, but it kept us in suspense for most of the visit there. [E] MAROON-BELLIED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura frontalis) MAROON-FACED PARAKEET (Pyrrhura leucotis) – N Formerly called "White-eared Parakeet", now considered endemic to the Atlantic Forest. [E] MONK PARAKEET (Myiopsitta monachus) – S WHITE-EYED PARAKEET (Aratinga leucophthalma) – N One of the Red-tailed Parrots that put on PEACH-FRONTED PARAKEET (Aratinga aurea) – N such a great show! (Photo by guide Bret Whitney) BLUE-WINGED MACAW (Primolius maracana) – N A couple of nice views at Linhares. BLUE-WINGED PARROTLET (Forpus xanthopterygius) PLAIN PARAKEET (Brotogeris tirica) [E] PILEATED PARROT (Pionopsitta pileata) – Excellent views N and S this time around! The super-close pair at Intervales on a rainy morning was especially stunning! [E] BLUE-HEADED PARROT (REICHENOW'S) (Pionus menstruus reichenowi) – N About a half-dozen at Linhares. [E] SCALY-HEADED PARROT (Pionus maximiliani) RED-SPECTACLED PARROT (Amazona pretrei) – S Exactly one male... but what a good one! [E] RED-TAILED PARROT (Amazona brasiliensis) – S Just a few minutes late, but they put on a great performance for us. [E] RED-BROWED PARROT (Amazona rhodocorytha) – N Very good views of perched pairs. [E] ORANGE-WINGED PARROT (Amazona amazonica) – N MEALY PARROT (Amazona farinosa) – N VINACEOUS PARROT (Amazona vinacea) – S Fine views of these beautiful parrots near the end of the tour. [E]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 7 BLUE-BELLIED PARROT (Triclaria malachitacea) – S We'll never see this bird better than we did this year, sitting still in the scope for minutes! [E] Cuculidae (Cuckoos) SQUIRREL CUCKOO (Piaya cayana) DARK-BILLED CUCKOO (Coccyzus melacoryphus) – S PEARLY-BREASTED CUCKOO (Coccyzus euleri) – N A lengthy scope study of one at Linhares. GUIRA CUCKOO (Guira guira) STRIPED CUCKOO (Tapera naevia) SMOOTH-BILLED ANI (Crotophaga ani) Tytonidae (Barn-Owls) BARN OWL (Tyto alba) – S One came by us as we stood in the marsh on our "snipe-hunt" out of Bom Jesus; a nice view. Strigidae (Owls) TROPICAL SCREECH-OWL (Megascops choliba) – Most memorably, I think, was the pair roosting under the eave of the roof at rainy Intervales. BLACK-CAPPED SCREECH-OWL (Megascops atricapilla) – N Darn it, we just couldn't coax a close, singing bird into view. [E*] LONG-TUFTED SCREECH-OWL (Megascops sanctaecatarinae) – S Wonderful views of a pair at our Granite monolith in state (Photo by guide Bret hotel Sao Francisco de Paula. [E] Whitney) TAWNY-BROWED OWL (Pulsatrix koeniswaldiana) – Great looks at this impressive bird, both tours. [E] LEAST PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium minutissimum) – N Fine scope studies at Linhares. Nominate form endemic to the Atlantic Forest. [E] FERRUGINOUS PYGMY-OWL (Glaucidium brasilianum) – N BURROWING OWL (Athene cunicularia) – S RUSTY-BARRED OWL (Strix hylophila) – S This one was frustrating this year, calling close, finally (rain had essentially shut us out), but not quite appearing for us. [E*] STYGIAN OWL (Asio stygius) – N A fine adult that had been found roosting in an open tree near our hotel in Ubatuba was deeply appreciated by all! SHORT-EARED OWL (Asio flammeus) – S A hunting bird, just before dusk, provided us with entertainment as it swooped suddenly and dove straight down into the grass for a prey item. A great spot by Dona Judy! Caprimulgidae (Nightjars and Allies) SHORT-TAILED NIGHTHAWK (NATTERERI) (Lurocalis semitorquatus nattereri) NACUNDA NIGHTHAWK (Podager nacunda) – S Several of these spectacular birds seen literally at our feet! COMMON PAURAQUE (Nyctidromus albicollis) – N With adorable and highly camouflaged chicks at Linhares. [N] OCELLATED POORWILL (Nyctiphrynus ocellatus) – N With a bit of effort, we managed to get an adult male to stop where we could see it well. Nyctibiidae (Potoos) LONG-TAILED POTOO (Nyctibius aethereus aethereus) – N What a great experience with this bird as it sat in the spotlight for minutes. This is the huge, endemic nominate form (AF only). [E] COMMON POTOO (Nyctibius griseus) – S Seen well during the day, and heard at night. Apodidae (Swifts) SOOTY SWIFT (Cypseloides fumigatus) – Just a couple on the first tour; seen extraordinarily well as they roared by at and

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 8 below eye-level late in Part 2. GREAT DUSKY SWIFT (Cypseloides senex) – S a couple of good views. WHITE-COLLARED SWIFT (Streptoprocne zonaris) BISCUTATE SWIFT (Streptoprocne biscutata) – Also seen super-well on Part 2. SICK'S SWIFT (Chaetura meridionalis) [N] GRAY-RUMPED SWIFT (Chaetura cinereiventris) Trochilidae (Hummingbirds) BLACK JACOBIN (Florisuga fusca) [E] SAW-BILLED HERMIT (Ramphodon naevius) – Seeing these big guys up close at feeders is the way to GO! [E] RUFOUS-BREASTED HERMIT (Glaucis hirsutus) – N Best (amazing, I should say!) at Ruschi's feeders. DUSKY-THROATED HERMIT (Phaethornis squalidus) – S On the traditional lek at Intervales. MINUTE HERMIT (Phaethornis idaliae) – N It took a good while to get everyone a scope view at Linhares. [E] REDDISH HERMIT (Phaethornis ruber) – N SCALE-THROATED HERMIT (Phaethornis eurynome) – Several good views, especially at Itatiaia feeders. [E] WHITE-VENTED VIOLETEAR (Colibri serrirostris) – N One good one at We had great, close views of this Speckle- Ruschi's. breasted Antpitta! (Photo by guide Marcelo BLACK-THROATED MANGO (Anthracothorax nigricollis) Padua) FRILLED COQUETTE (Lophornis magnificus) – Seen several times on the tours, including an adult male hybrid Frilled x Festive, at Jonas's feeders near Ubatuba. I commented to the group, "Frilled rarely makes it this far south," to which Dona Margaret added, "but when he does..." My favorite quote of the trip hehehe! [E] FESTIVE COQUETTE (Lophornis chalybeus chalybeus) – N Bunches, stunning males and females, all around us at Jonas's feeders! [E] BRAZILIAN RUBY (Clytolaema rubricauda) – Both tours, always gorgeous. [E] AMETHYST WOODSTAR (Calliphlox amethystina) – Both tours, as it turned out, but best was the adult male (two?) at Jonas's. GLITTERING-BELLIED EMERALD (Chlorostilbon aureoventris) – Juv's in a nest in the highlands of Santa Catarina. [N] PLOVERCREST (Stephanoxis lalandi lalandi) – N Fabulous at leks at Itatiaia. [E] PLOVERCREST (Stephanoxis lalandi loddigesii) – S Wonderful, close studies on the traditional lek at Intervales. This southern form has a purple frontal crest, and will soon be split from green-crested nominate. [E] SWALLOW-TAILED HUMMINGBIRD (Eupetomena macroura) – N Awesome big hummers. VIOLET-CAPPED WOODNYMPH (Thalurania glaucopis) [E] SOMBRE HUMMINGBIRD (Aphantochroa cirrochloris) – N Not so impressive looking, but it's a specialty of eastern Brazil and the only member of its genus. WHITE-THROATED HUMMINGBIRD (Leucochloris albicollis) VERSICOLORED EMERALD (Amazilia versicolor) GLITTERING-THROATED EMERALD (Amazilia fimbriata) SAPPHIRE-SPANGLED EMERALD (Amazilia lactea) – N Great studies at Ruchi's feeders. RUFOUS-THROATED SAPPHIRE (Hylocharis sapphirina) – N WHITE-CHINNED SAPPHIRE (Hylocharis cyanus) – N Trogonidae (Trogons) GREEN-BACKED TROGON (Trogon viridis) – N Formerly called "White-tailed Trogon". SURUCUA TROGON (Trogon surrucura) – Red- (southerly) and yellow-bellied (northerly)birds together at Itatiaia. [E]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 9 BLACK-THROATED TROGON (Trogon rufus chrysochloros) – AF endemic subspecies. [E] Momotidae (Motmots) RUFOUS-CAPPED MOTMOT (Baryphthengus ruficapillus) – Both tours, with quite a bit of effort! [E] Alcedinidae (Kingfishers) RINGED KINGFISHER (Megaceryle torquata)

Nacunda Nighthawk (Photo by guide Marcelo Padua)

AMAZON KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle amazona) GREEN KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle americana) GREEN-AND-RUFOUS KINGFISHER (Chloroceryle inda) – N A rare sighting! Bucconidae (Puffbirds) WHITE-EARED PUFFBIRD (Nystalus chacuru) – S CRESCENT-CHESTED PUFFBIRD (Malacoptila striata) – S We missed this one in the north and got one, thanks to a good spot by Dona Margaret, in the south! [E] SWALLOW-WINGED PUFFBIRD (Chelidoptera tenebrosa) – N Galbulidae (Jacamars) THREE-TOED JACAMAR (Jacamaralcyon tridactyla) – N Always reliable, always great to see them at their nesting colony. [EN] RUFOUS-TAILED JACAMAR (RUFOUS-TAILED) (Galbula ruficauda rufoviridis) – N Ramphastidae (Toucans) SAFFRON TOUCANET (Pteroglossus bailloni) – N Seemed uncharacteristically scarce this trip, with few sightings, none on the second tour. [E] BLACK-NECKED ARACARI (Pteroglossus aracari) – N TOCO TOUCAN (Ramphastos toco) – N Wow, a couple seen flying along a ridge outside Sao Paulo, where they have been steadily colonizing areas where forest has been cleared. CHANNEL-BILLED TOUCAN (Ramphastos vitellinus ariel) – N John spotted a couple for us at Linhares. RED-BREASTED TOUCAN (Ramphastos dicolorus) – Especially good at the feeders at Itatiaia. [E] Picidae (Woodpeckers) WHITE-BARRED PICULET (Picumnus cirratus) [E] OCHRE-COLLARED PICULET (Picumnus temminckii) [E] MOTTLED PICULET (Picumnus nebulosus) – S We did well on all three possible piculets, but this one is always hardest -- and it came through really well as a pair responded to our recording, allowing good views of both sexes. [E] WHITE WOODPECKER (Melanerpes candidus) YELLOW-FRONTED WOODPECKER (Melanerpes flavifrons) [E]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 10 WHITE-SPOTTED WOODPECKER (Veniliornis spilogaster) [EN] RED-STAINED WOODPECKER (Veniliornis affinis) [*] YELLOW-EARED WOODPECKER (Veniliornis maculifrons) – N Good views [E] YELLOW-THROATED WOODPECKER (Piculus flavigula erythropis) – N Red-throated subspecies endemic to the AF. WHITE-BROWED WOODPECKER (Piculus aurulentus) [E] GREEN-BARRED WOODPECKER (Colaptes melanochloros melanochloros) CAMPO FLICKER (Colaptes campestris campestris) CAMPO FLICKER (Colaptes campestris campestroides) – S This is the southernmost, white-throated subspecies, sometimes split and called "Field Flicker". BLOND-CRESTED WOODPECKER (Celeus flavescens) – N/S* This fantastic bird was seen well several times on the North, but was uncharacteristically scarce on the south (mainly due to lots of rain at Intervales, I think). [E] RINGED WOODPECKER (Celeus torquatus tinnunculus) – N Wow! We had superb scope studies of this rare, AF- endemic subspecies, likely to be split as a separate species in the future. [E] LINEATED WOODPECKER (Dryocopus lineatus) – S ROBUST WOODPECKER (Campephilus robustus) – Good views on N and S; what a bird!! [E] Furnariidae (Ovenbirds and Woodcreepers) TAWNY-THROATED LEAFTOSSER (Sclerurus mexicanus bahiae) – N What a fine time we had with this rarely seen (in the AF, anyway!) bird as it foraged literally at the edge of the trail as we watched just a few feet away. [E] RUFOUS-BREASTED LEAFTOSSER (Sclerurus scansor) – Fine views of this one, too, on both parts. [E] LONG-TAILED CINCLODES (Cinclodes pabsti) – S Lots this year, including a pair carrying food into a nest burrow. [EN] WING-BANDED HORNERO (Furnarius figulus) – N Invading open, deforested areas from its stronghold in NE Brazil. RUFOUS HORNERO (Furnarius rufus) – Muchos, especiallly in the south. [N] STRAIGHT-BILLED REEDHAUNTER (Limnoctites rectirostris) – S Fantastic view of a pair. STRIOLATED TIT-SPINETAIL (Leptasthenura striolata) – S It took a while to find one, but we eventually got to watch a pair going to a nest. [EN] ARAUCARIA TIT-SPINETAIL (Leptasthenura setaria) – Got this beauty on both parts this year. [E] CHOTOY SPINETAIL (Schoeniophylax phryganophilus) – S close studies RUFOUS-CAPPED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis ruficapilla) [E] GRAY-BELLIED SPINETAIL (Synallaxis cinerascens) – N*/S With fledglings at Intervales, really cool to see (and hear)! [EN] SPIX'S SPINETAIL (Synallaxis spixi) OLIVE SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca obsoleta) – S [EN] PALLID SPINETAIL (Cranioleuca pallida) [EN] YELLOW-CHINNED SPINETAIL (Certhiaxis cinnamomeus) – S ITATIAIA SPINETAIL (Asthenes moreirae) – N With quite a bit of patience, we all had fine views of this distinctive and highly localized endemic. [E] RUFOUS-FRONTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus rufifrons) FRECKLE-BREASTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus striaticollis) – S Close views of a singing bird in roadside bushes. ORANGE-EYED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus erythrophthalmus) – N Excellent views of a cooperative pair near their nest. [EN] ORANGE-BREASTED THORNBIRD (Phacellodomus ferrugineigula) – Got this one on both parts this time around, nice! [E] CANEBRAKE GROUNDCREEPER (Clibanornis dendrocolaptoides) – S What a GREAT experience with this rare bird, a couple of minutes of high-quality viewing as it foraged on the ground in a pretty open area. [E] FIREWOOD-GATHERER (Anumbius annumbi) – S Good viewing in the far south. WHITE-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabacerthia amaurotis) – Both parts very nicely [E] BUFF-BROWED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Syndactyla rufosuperciliata) – N*/S Oddly, only heard in the north this time. OCHRE-BREASTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor lichtensteini) – N Nice comparative views with the very similar

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 11 Buff-fronted F-g. [E] BLACK-CAPPED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor atricapillus) – This handsome flock associate was seen well on both parts. [E] BUFF-FRONTED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Philydor rufum) – Muchos [N] WHITE-COLLARED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Anabazenops fuscus) – Always a thrill to see this big guy. [E] PALE-BROWED TREEHUNTER (Cichlocolaptes leucophrus holti) – We ended up getting only the southern "subspecies" holti (a sure split) but not the nominate. [E] WHITE-EYED FOLIAGE-GLEANER (Automolus leucophthalmus) – N/S* [E] SHARP-TAILED STREAMCREEPER (Lochmias nematura nematura) – Seen a few times on both parts, but the pair feeding young in Rio Grande do Sul was especially close and rewarding. [N] SHARP-BILLED TREEHUNTER (Heliobletus contaminatus contaminatus) – N [E] SHARP-BILLED TREEHUNTER (Heliobletus contaminatus camargoi) – S [E] PLAIN XENOPS (Xenops minutus) STREAKED XENOPS (Xenops rutilans) PLAIN-BROWN WOODCREEPER (PLAIN-WINGED) (Dendrocincla fuliginosa turdina) – N [E] OLIVACEOUS WOODCREEPER (OLIVACEOUS) (Sittasomus griseicapillus sylviellus) [E] WHITE-THROATED WOODCREEPER (Xiphocolaptes albicollis) – Fabulous looks at this monster on both parts. [E] PLANALTO WOODCREEPER (Dendrocolaptes platyrostris) – Also seen well N and S. LESSER WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus fuscus tenuirostris) – Both parts [E] LESSER WOODCREEPER (Xiphorhynchus fuscus fuscus) – S [E] BUFF-THROATED WOODCREEPER (BUFF-THROATED) (Xiphorhynchus guttatus guttatus) – N A good view of this nominate subspecies, endemic to the AF. [E] SCALED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes squamatus) [E] SCALLOPED WOODCREEPER (Lepidocolaptes falcinellus) [E] BLACK-BILLED SCYTHEBILL (Campylorhamphus falcularius) – N missed this one in the south this time. [E] Thamnophilidae (Typical Antbirds) SPOT-BACKED ANTSHRIKE (Hypoedaleus guttatus) – N another miss in the south (just too much rain at Intervales, to tell you the truth) [E] GIANT ANTSHRIKE (Batara cinerea) – S This big dude slipped through the net on the north! LARGE-TAILED ANTSHRIKE (Mackenziaena leachii) – S What a wonderful experience with this, the fabled "Starry- night Antshrike"! It was breathtakingly close for a couple of minutes. [E] TUFTED ANTSHRIKE (Mackenziaena severa) – S Seemed scarce this year, took quite a while to come up with one. [E] WHITE-BEARDED ANTSHRIKE (Biatas nigropectus) – Nicely on both parts. [E] RUFOUS-CAPPED ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus ruficapillus) – With a juv in Rio Grande do Sul. [N] SOORETAMA SLATY-ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus ambiguus) – N [E] VARIABLE ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus caerulescens gilvigaster) – S VARIABLE ANTSHRIKE (Thamnophilus caerulescens caerulescens) SPOT-BREASTED ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus stictothorax) [E] PLAIN ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus mentalis) RUFOUS-BACKED ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus xanthopterus) – N This attractive species has a tiny world range in the high mountains of SE Brazil. [E] PLUMBEOUS ANTVIREO (Dysithamnus plumbeus) – N Good, if fairly brief (for most of us) views of a two different males after some perseverance. [E] STAR-THROATED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula gularis) [E] WHITE-FLANKED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula axillaris luctuosa) – A likely split, probably to be called "Silvery-flanked Antwren" UNICOLORED ANTWREN (Myrmotherula unicolor) – Good views on both parts! [E] RUFOUS-WINGED ANTWREN (Herpsilochmus rufimarginatus rufimarginatus) – N [E] BLACK-HOODED ANTWREN (Formicivora erythronotos) – N Good spot, Judy! Certainly one of the rarest birds in the world. [E]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 12 PARANA ANTWREN (Stymphalornis acutirostris) – S Described to science only in 1996; now transferred to genus Formicivora (or is soon going to be). [E] [SAO PAULO] ANTWREN (Stymphalornis sp. nov.) – N It was tough to find this year, but we eventually enjoyed great views of an adult male at close range. We expect the official description of this bird, discovered some 8 years ago, to be published before next year's tour. [E] FERRUGINOUS (Drymophila ferruginea) – This gorgeous antbird was seen well numerous times. We nailed all six of the fancy Drymophilas over the course of the tours. [E] BERTONI'S ANTBIRD (Drymophila rubricollis) – N/S* [E] RUFOUS-TAILED ANTBIRD (Drymophila genei) – N Tiny world range for this one. [E] OCHRE-RUMPED ANTBIRD (Drymophila ochropyga) [E] DUSKY-TAILED ANTBIRD (Drymophila malura) [E] SCALED ANTBIRD (Drymophila squamata) – N [E] STREAK-CAPPED ANTWREN (Terenura maculata) [E] WHITE-SHOULDERED FIRE-EYE (Pyriglena leucoptera) [E] WHITE-BIBBED ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza loricata) – N Superb views, finally(!), at Itatiaia. [E] SQUAMATE ANTBIRD (Myrmeciza squamosa) – Very nicely on both tours, thanks to a great spot on the south trip by John. [E] Formicariidae (Antthrushes) RUFOUS-CAPPED ANTTHRUSH (Formicarius colma) [*] SHORT-TAILED ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza campanisona campanisona) – S Fabulous, point-blank views of a singing bird. SUCH'S ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza meruloides) – N*/S The rather dark, rainy weather at Intervales may have helped us see this bird; they usually won't get up high like that one did! [E] RUFOUS-TAILED ANTTHRUSH (Chamaeza ruficauda) – N Marcelo maneuvered a singing bird into view for all to see, excellent! [E] Grallariidae (Antpittas) VARIEGATED ANTPITTA (Grallaria varia) – S In the ROAD at Intervales, sweet, so SWEET! SPECKLE-BREASTED ANTPITTA (Hylopezus nattereri) – N*/S Great, close views of a singing bird! [E*] Conopophagidae (Gnateaters) RUFOUS GNATEATER (Conopophaga lineata lineata) – N RUFOUS GNATEATER (Conopophaga lineata anomala) – S Again, prolonged, close views of this one. [E] BLACK-CHEEKED GNATEATER (Conopophaga melanops) – N A fine little bird, seen very nicely. [E] Rhinocryptidae (Tapaculos) SPOTTED BAMBOOWREN (Psilorhamphus guttatus) – S A good if not fabulous view at Intervales, but everyone did get to see it. [E] SLATY BRISTLEFRONT (Merulaxis ater) – Both tours, birds seen veerrrry well!! And what an audio show, too! [E] WHITE-BREASTED TAPACULO (Eleoscytalopus indigoticus) – We managed to trick a singing bird into showing itself to all of us on a rainy morning at Intervales. That event was followed by our sighting of Spotted Bamboowren and then that cooperative male of the undescribed species of bristlefront. We were stoked! [E] MOUSE-COLORED TAPACULO (Scytalopus speluncae) – Great, close looks at singing birds, N and S. [E] PLANALTO TAPACULO (Scytalopus pachecoi) – Whew! Our last tapaculo, and we really wanted to see it well to break the tour record on SEEING all of the possible species and to-be-described species in southeast Brazil. We did it!! [E] MARSH TAPACULO (Scytalopus iraiensis) [E] Tyrannidae (Tyrant Flycatchers) WHITE-LORED TYRANNULET (Ornithion inerme) – N SOUTHERN BEARDLESS-TYRANNULET (Camptostoma obsoletum) YELLOW TYRANNULET (Capsiempis flaveola) – N BEARDED TACHURI (Polystictus pectoralis) – S A great view of an adult male at cloe range; a female also showed briefly. It was sure worth the climb! [N]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 13 GRAY ELAENIA (Myiopagis caniceps) – N YELLOW-BELLIED ELAENIA (Elaenia flavogaster) – N LARGE ELAENIA (Elaenia spectabilis) – S SMALL-BILLED ELAENIA (Elaenia parvirostris) – S [N] OLIVACEOUS ELAENIA (Elaenia mesoleuca) – S Close views a couple of times HIGHLAND ELAENIA (Elaenia obscura sordida) SOOTY TYRANNULET (Serpophaga nigricans) [N] WHITE-CRESTED TYRANNULET (Serpophaga subcristata) OCHRE-BELLIED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes oleagineus) [*] GRAY-HOODED FLYCATCHER (Mionectes rufiventris) – N [E] SEPIA-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Leptopogon amaurocephalus) MOTTLE-CHEEKED TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes ventralis) RESTINGA TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes kronei) – S Excellent views! [E] SAO PAULO TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes paulista) – N Nearly missed him this time (and did in the south). [E] OUSTALET'S TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes oustaleti) – Excellent views of this highly distinctive species. [E] SERRA DO MAR TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes difficilis) – N Ditto that! [EN] BAY-RINGED TYRANNULET (Phylloscartes sylviolus) – S [E] ROUGH-LEGGED TYRANNULET (BURMEISTER'S) (Phyllomyias burmeisteri burmeisteri) – NN GREENISH TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias virescens) [E] PLANALTO TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias fasciatus) GRAY-CAPPED TYRANNULET (Phyllomyias griseocapilla) [E] SHARP-TAILED TYRANT (Culicivora caudacuta) – S These spritely little rarities performed very well one foggy morning. SOUTHERN ANTPIPIT (Corythopis delalandi) – N TAWNY-CROWNED PYGMY-TYRANT (Euscarthmus meloryphus) EARED PYGMY-TYRANT (Myiornis auricularis) [E] DRAB-BREASTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus diops) – N [E] BROWN-BREASTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus obsoletus obsoletus) – N [E] BROWN-BREASTED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus obsoletus zimmeri) – S [E] EYE-RINGED TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus orbitatus) – N [E] HANGNEST TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus nidipendulus) – S [E] KAEMPFER'S TODY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus kaempferi) – S Very good views after a fair amount of suspense. [E] FORK-TAILED PYGMY-TYRANT (Hemitriccus furcatus) – N Would that they could ALL come so readily! [E] OCHRE-FACED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Poecilotriccus plumbeiceps) GRAY-HEADED TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum poliocephalum) – N [E] COMMON TODY-FLYCATCHER (Todirostrum cinereum) – N OLIVACEOUS FLATBILL (Rhynchocyclus olivaceus) – N YELLOW-OLIVE FLYCATCHER (SOORETAMA) (Tolmomyias sulphurescens sulphurescens) [E] GRAY-CROWNED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias poliocephalus) – N [*] YELLOW-BREASTED FLYCATCHER (Tolmomyias flaviventris) – N WHITE-THROATED SPADEBILL (Platyrinchus mystaceus) ROYAL FLYCATCHER (ATLANTIC OR SWAINSON'S) (Onychorhynchus coronatus swainsoni) – Seen very well on both parts, but the brief crest-raise moment by the male at Intervales was truly exceptional! [EN] CLIFF FLYCATCHER (Hirundinea ferruginea bellicosa) BLACK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (BUFF-RUMPED) (Myiobius atricaudus ridgwayi) – N A highly distinctive taxon. [E] BRAN-COLORED FLYCATCHER (Myiophobus fasciatus) EULER'S FLYCATCHER (Lathrotriccus euleri) – We discovered active nest on both parts, most unusual. [N] TROPICAL PEWEE (Contopus cinereus) – N

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 14 FUSCOUS FLYCATCHER (Cnemotriccus fuscatus fuscatus) [E] BLUE-BILLED BLACK-TYRANT (Knipolegus cyanirostris) – N CRESTED BLACK-TYRANT (Knipolegus lophotes) – S Wonderful views of a close pair outside Curitiba. [N] VELVETY BLACK-TYRANT (Knipolegus nigerrimus) [EN] YELLOW-BROWED TYRANT (Satrapa icterophrys) – S GRAY MONJITA (Xolmis cinereus) – S WHITE-RUMPED MONJITA (Xolmis velatus) – N One spotted by John. WHITE MONJITA (Xolmis irupero) – S This is the nominate form (X. i. niveus is in NE Brazil). Hey, four monjitas is good! BLACK-AND-WHITE MONJITA (Xolmis dominicanus) – S FIVE in one trip is pretty amazing! This is by far the rarest of them all (and often treated in the monotypic genus Heteroxolmis). STREAMER-TAILED TYRANT (Gubernetes yetapa) – S A beauty was waiting to greet us as we neared Intervales. SHEAR-TAILED GRAY TYRANT (Muscipipra vetula) – Scarce this year but we managed to find one or two on both parts. [E] MASKED WATER-TYRANT (Fluvicola nengeta) – N WHITE-HEADED MARSH TYRANT (Arundinicola leucocephala) – S LONG-TAILED TYRANT (Colonia colonus) – N CATTLE TYRANT (Machetornis rixosa) LARGE-HEADED FLATBILL (Ramphotrigon megacephalum megacephalum) – N Distinctive endemic, nominate form. [E] RUFOUS-TAILED ATTILA (Attila phoenicurus) GRAY-HOODED ATTILA (Attila rufus) [EN] SIRYSTES (Sirystes sibilator) – N GRAYISH MOURNER (Rhytipterna simplex simplex) – N [E] DUSKY-CAPPED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus tuberculifer) – N SWAINSON'S FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus swainsoni) – N*/S SHORT-CRESTED FLYCATCHER (Myiarchus ferox) GREAT KISKADEE (Pitangus sulphuratus) [N] BOAT-BILLED FLYCATCHER (Megarynchus pitangua) SOCIAL FLYCATCHER (Myiozetetes similis) THREE-STRIPED FLYCATCHER (Conopias trivirgatus) – S STREAKED FLYCATCHER (Myiodynastes maculatus) [N] PIRATIC FLYCATCHER (Legatus leucophaius) VARIEGATED FLYCATCHER (Empidonomus varius) – N TROPICAL KINGBIRD (Tyrannus melancholicus) EASTERN KINGBIRD (Tyrannus tyrannus) – S Wow, a very rare vagrant to SE Brazil! FORK-TAILED FLYCATCHER (Tyrannus savana) [N] Oxyruncidae (Sharpbill) SHARPBILL (Oxyruncus cristatus) – Nice views on both parts; SE Brazil is THE place to see this one (actually, there are probably several species involved across its wide range). Cotingidae (Cotingas) HOODED BERRYEATER (Carpornis cucullata) – N*/S Usually seen well on both parts, but they were super-quiet on Part 1 this time. A fabulous endemic!! [E] BLACK-HEADED BERRYEATER (Carpornis melanocephala) – N Came quite easily this time, for which we were duly thankful. [E] RED-RUFFED FRUITCROW (Pyroderus scutatus) – S Scarce and elusive, but most folks saw at least one male well. We'll make it up to ya, someday, Chuck! SCREAMING PIHA (Lipaugus vociferans) [*] CINNAMON-VENTED PIHA (Lipaugus lanioides) – N/S* Good views at Caetés. [E]

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 15 BLACK-AND-GOLD COTINGA (Tijuca atra) – N A great spot by Marcelo, through a window in the canopy, led to fine scope views for all. The bird was actually quite close, and several others were heard that wonderful morning in the high country of Itatiaia. [E] GRAY-WINGED COTINGA (Tijuca condita) – N We will NEVER see this rare bird this well again, it just cain't happen. A male eased in slowly, then stuck around (or maybe it was even two males a couple of hundred yards apart) for a long time, foraging leisurely along the road. In museums of the world, it is still known from but one female specimen discovered by David Snow in the Zoological Museum of Sao Paulo, mixed in with several female Black-and-gold Cotingas. [E] BARE-THROATED BELLBIRD (Procnias nudicollis) – N*/S What fine views of a singing adult male, in Rio Grande do Sul!! [E] SWALLOW-TAILED COTINGA (Phibalura flavirostris) – N A banner year for this elegant bird, with nests at Caetés (where not nesting, apparently, for several years now), and Itatiaia (where there were two active nests only a few yards apart). [N] Pipridae (Manakins) WIED'S TYRANT-MANAKIN (Neopelma aurifrons) [E] SERRA DO MAR TYRANT-MANAKIN (Neopelma chrysolophum) – Seen nicely on both parts. [E] PIN-TAILED MANAKIN (Ilicura militaris) – Fabulous adult males on both parts. [E] WHITE-BEARDED MANAKIN (Manacus manacus) – N SWALLOW-TAILED MANAKIN (Chiroxiphia caudata) – Fairly common, seen well several times. [E] WHITE-CROWNED MANAKIN (Pipra pipra) – N RED-HEADED MANAKIN (Pipra rubrocapilla) – N WING-BARRED PIPRITES (Piprites chloris) – S One good view at Intervales. Tityridae (Tityras and Allies) BLACK-TAILED TITYRA (Tityra cayana) BLACK-CROWNED TITYRA (Tityra inquisitor) – S THRUSH-LIKE SCHIFFORNIS (SOUTHERN) (Schiffornis turdina turdina) – N One good view. GREENISH SCHIFFORNIS (Schiffornis virescens) – Stunning views on both parts (although its a rather dull-looking bird, really!). [E] BUFF-THROATED PURPLETUFT (Iodopleura pipra) [E] GREEN-BACKED BECARD (Pachyramphus viridis) [N] CHESTNUT-CROWNED BECARD (Pachyramphus castaneus) WHITE-WINGED BECARD (Pachyramphus polychopterus) BLACK-CAPPED BECARD (Pachyramphus marginatus) – N CRESTED BECARD (Pachyramphus validus) [N] Vireonidae (Vireos) RED-EYED VIREO (MIGRATORY CHIVI) (Vireo olivaceus chivi) RUFOUS-CROWNED GREENLET (Hylophilus poicilotis) [EN] LEMON-CHESTED GREENLET (Hylophilus thoracicus thoracicus) – N RUFOUS-BROWED PEPPERSHRIKE (Cyclarhis gujanensis) Corvidae (Crows, Jays, and Magpies) AZURE JAY (Cyanocorax caeruleus) – S Several fine encounters with these handsome birds. [E] CURL-CRESTED JAY (Cyanocorax cristatellus) – N A great view in interior Rio de Janeiro state, where it has been spreading due to deforestation and loss of its own habitat in the cerrados, farther west. PLUSH-CRESTED JAY (Cyanocorax chrysops) – N One great view! Hirundinidae (Swallows) BLUE-AND-WHITE SWALLOW (Pygochelidon cyanoleuca) [N] TAWNY-HEADED SWALLOW (Alopochelidon fucata) WHITE-THIGHED SWALLOW (Atticora tibialis) – N SOUTHERN ROUGH-WINGED SWALLOW (Stelgidopteryx ruficollis)

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 16 GRAY-BREASTED MARTIN (Progne chalybea) BROWN-CHESTED MARTIN (Progne tapera) – S WHITE-RUMPED SWALLOW (Tachycineta leucorrhoa) BARN SWALLOW (Hirundo rustica) – S Troglodytidae (Wrens) THRUSH-LIKE WREN (Campylorhynchus turdinus) – N This is the nominate subspecies. MOUSTACHED WREN (Pheugopedius genibarbis) – N LONG-BILLED WREN (Cantorchilus longirostris) – Good views on both parts. HOUSE WREN (Troglodytes aedon) Polioptilidae (Gnatcatchers) LONG-BILLED GNATWREN (Ramphocaenus melanurus) – N Turdidae (Thrushes and Allies) YELLOW-LEGGED THRUSH (Turdus flavipes) PALE-BREASTED THRUSH (Turdus leucomelas) [N] COCOA THRUSH (Turdus fumigatus) – N [*] RUFOUS-BELLIED THRUSH (Turdus rufiventris) CREAMY-BELLIED THRUSH (Turdus amaurochalinus) SLATY THRUSH (EASTERN) (Turdus nigriceps subalaris) – S Darn, they just weren't quite "in" yet this year. [*] WHITE-NECKED THRUSH (Turdus albicollis) Mimidae (Mockingbirds and Thrashers) CHALK-BROWED MOCKINGBIRD (Mimus saturninus) [N] Motacillidae (Wagtails and Pipits) OCHRE-BREASTED PIPIT (Anthus nattereri) – S Seen well in display flight but we didn't managed to get a scope on one on the ground this time around. HELLMAYR'S PIPIT (Anthus hellmayri brasilianus) – S What a performance on that beautiful, sunny morning in Rio Grande do Sul! An adult male executed multiple display flights right beside the road for us, sitting on rocks and singing repeatedly before just walking around to get a bite to eat. Parulidae (New World Warblers) TROPICAL PARULA (Parula pitiayumi) MASKED YELLOWTHROAT (Geothlypis aequinoctialis) GOLDEN-CROWNED WARBLER (Basileuterus culicivorus) WHITE-BROWED WARBLER (Basileuterus leucoblepharus) [E] RIVERBANK WARBLER (Phaeothlypis rivularis) – Seen nicely on both parts, especially the one foraging in the road one wet morning at Intervales. Dona Marilynne treated us to her excellent imitation of that swinging rear end! Coerebidae (Bananaquit) BANANAQUIT (Coereba flaveola) Thraupidae (Tanagers and Allies) BROWN TANAGER (Orchesticus abeillei) – Nicely on both trips; a distinctive endemic genus. [E] MAGPIE TANAGER (Cissopis leverianus) HOODED TANAGER (Nemosia pileata) – N OLIVE-GREEN TANAGER (Orthogonys chloricterus) – Sen well on both tours; certainly among the most distinctive endemic genera in eastern Brazil. [E] CHESTNUT-HEADED TANAGER (Pyrrhocoma ruficeps) – N Excellent views of a pair; another distinctive endemic tanager genus. [E] BLACK-GOGGLED TANAGER (Trichothraupis melanops) CHESTNUT-VENTED CONEBILL (Conirostrum speciosum) – N BICOLORED CONEBILL (Conirostrum bicolor) – N Mangroves only, this one!

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 17 RUFOUS-HEADED TANAGER (Hemithraupis ruficapilla) – Super-close views on that rainy day around the hotel at Intervales. [E] YELLOW-BACKED TANAGER (Hemithraupis flavicollis) – N This is the poorly marked subspecies insignis. FLAME-CRESTED TANAGER (Tachyphonus cristatus) RUBY-CROWNED TANAGER (Tachyphonus coronatus) [E] BRAZILIAN TANAGER (Ramphocelus bresilius) – Truly stunning; seen well both tours. [E] SAYACA TANAGER (Thraupis sayaca) AZURE-SHOULDERED TANAGER (Thraupis cyanoptera) [E] GOLDEN-CHEVRONED TANAGER (Thraupis ornata) [EN] PALM TANAGER (Thraupis palmarum) BLUE-AND-YELLOW TANAGER (Thraupis bonariensis) – S First spotted in the brushy grass in the lake at Curitiba by Dona Lillian. DIADEMED TANAGER (Stephanophorus diadematus) – Fine views of this distinctive endemic several times, both parts. [E] FAWN-BREASTED TANAGER (Pipraeidea melanonota) TURQUOISE TANAGER (WHITE-BELLIED) (Tangara mexicana brasiliensis) – N Good views; likely to be spplit from yellow-bellied, nominate birds. [E] GREEN-HEADED TANAGER (Tangara seledon) – Muchos of these beauties. [E] RED-NECKED TANAGER (Tangara cyanocephala) – N And these, too! [E] BRASSY-BREASTED TANAGER (Tangara desmaresti) – And these, too!! [EN] GILT-EDGED TANAGER (Tangara cyanoventris) – Yes, and these, as well!! Lots of fancy tanagers to be seen in SE Brazil. [E] BURNISHED-BUFF TANAGER (Tangara cayana) – N BLACK-BACKED TANAGER (Tangara peruviana) – S Sightings got out of the blocks as Steve spotted one right on the hotel grounds in southern Sao paulo, but none of the rest of us caught up with it... until we all finally enjoyed great looks at t apair in coastal Parana. This is one of the toughest of all Tangara genus tanagers to see. [E] CHESTNUT-BACKED TANAGER (Tangara preciosa) – S Either almost as beautiful as or just a bit more beautiful than its close sister-species, Black-backed. Seen well a couple of times. [E] BLACK-LEGGED DACNIS (Dacnis nigripes) – S Not a great year for this rarity, but we did see a pair at a nest we found along the road at Intervales... Whew! [EN] BLUE DACNIS (Dacnis cayana) GREEN HONEYCREEPER (Chlorophanes spiza) – N SWALLOW TANAGER (Tersina viridis) GREEN-WINGED SALTATOR (Saltator similis) THICK-BILLED SALTATOR (Saltator maxillosus) [E] BUFF-THROATED SALTATOR (Saltator maximus) BLACK-THROATED GROSBEAK (Saltator fuliginosus) – N [E] Emberizidae (Buntings, Sparrows and Allies) LONG-TAILED REED FINCH (Donacospiza albifrons) – S BAY-CHESTED WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza thoracica) – N Excellent, close studies of this handsome endemic; very small world range. [E] BLACK-AND-RUFOUS WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza nigrorufa) – S BUFF-THROATED WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza lateralis) – N Recently split from southern, much more widespread Gray-throated. [E] GRAY-THROATED WARBLING-FINCH (Poospiza cabanisi) – S BLUE-BLACK GRASSQUIT (Volatinia jacarina) [PLUMBEOUS] SEEDEATER (Sporophila sp. nov.) – S Wonderful views of at least three males and one or two females on the breeding grounds, and we even found a nest. This rare bird is still undescribed to science, but it will likely receive its name in the next year or two as study of it comes to that point. [EN] LINED SEEDEATER (Sporophila lineola) – S One found by John was the only one this year.

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 18 DOUBLE-COLLARED SEEDEATER (Sporophila caerulescens) WHITE-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila leucoptera leucoptera) – N TAWNY-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila hypoxantha) – S Several fine adult males in high breeding dress. BLACK-BELLIED SEEDEATER (Sporophila melanogaster) – S These guys were arriving just as we were! [E] CHESTNUT-BELLIED SEED-FINCH (Oryzoborus angolensis) – S UNIFORM FINCH (Haplospiza unicolor) – N Few this year. [E] SAFFRON FINCH (Sicalis flaveola) GRASSLAND YELLOW-FINCH (GRASSLAND) (Sicalis luteola luteiventris) – S WEDGE-TAILED GRASS-FINCH (Emberizoides herbicola) LESSER GRASS-FINCH (Emberizoides ypiranganus) – S Excellent views in highland marsh country. GREAT PAMPA-FINCH (Embernagra platensis) PILEATED FINCH (Coryphospingus pileatus) – N HALF-COLLARED SPARROW (Arremon semitorquatus) – N Fine views of a pair right along the road in Rio de Janeiro state. [E] GRASSLAND SPARROW (Ammodramus humeralis) – S RUFOUS-COLLARED SPARROW (Zonotrichia capensis) [N] Cardinalidae (Cardinals and Allies) RED-CROWNED ANT-TANAGER (Habia rubica) YELLOW-GREEN GROSBEAK (Caryothraustes canadensis) – N GLAUCOUS-BLUE GROSBEAK (Cyanoloxia glaucocaerulea) – S Fabulous, close studies, allowing us to appreciate the unusual shade of blue of the adult male. Icteridae (Troupials and Allies) WHITE-BROWED BLACKBIRD (Sturnella superciliaris) – S CHOPI BLACKBIRD (Gnorimopsar chopi) CHESTNUT-CAPPED BLACKBIRD (Chrysomus ruficapillus) – S SAFFRON-COWLED BLACKBIRD (Xanthopsar flavus) – S This rare blackbird was seen beautifully on a couple of mornings in Rio Grande do Sul. YELLOW-RUMPED MARSHBIRD (Pseudoleistes guirahuro) – S BROWN-AND-YELLOW MARSHBIRD (Pseudoleistes virescens) – S BAY-WINGED COWBIRD (BAY-WINGED) (Agelaioides badius badius) – S SCREAMING COWBIRD (Molothrus rufoaxillaris) – N SHINY COWBIRD (Molothrus bonariensis) GIANT COWBIRD (Molothrus oryzivorus) – N [N] RED-RUMPED CACIQUE (Cacicus haemorrhous) [N] GOLDEN-WINGED CACIQUE (Cacicus chrysopterus) – S CRESTED OROPENDOLA (Psarocolius decumanus) – N [N] Fringillidae (Siskins, Crossbills, and Allies) PURPLE-THROATED EUPHONIA (Euphonia chlorotica) [*] VIOLACEOUS EUPHONIA (Euphonia violacea) GREEN-THROATED EUPHONIA (Euphonia chalybea) – S Excellent studies of a pair near Sao Francisco de Paula. [E] GOLDEN-RUMPED EUPHONIA (Euphonia cyanocephala) – S Wow, that adult male at Intervales was amazing, on a tree fern petiole just a few feet away. CHESTNUT-BELLIED EUPHONIA (Euphonia pectoralis) – N [E] BLUE-NAPED CHLOROPHONIA (Chlorophonia cyanea) – N Great views at Itatiaia. HOODED SISKIN (Spinus magellanicus) Passeridae (Old World Sparrows) HOUSE SPARROW (Passer domesticus) Estrildidae (Waxbills and Allies)

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 19 COMMON WAXBILL (Estrilda astrild) – N

MAMMALS WHITE-TUFTED-EAR MARMOSET (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) – N TUFTED-EAR MARMOSET (Callithrix jacchus geoffroyi) – N [E*] BUFFY-HEADED MARMOSET (Callithrix jacchus flaviceps) – N Fine views of this rare little primate at Caetés. [E] MASKED TITI MONKEY (Callicebus personatus) – N We usually see this one somewhere along the line, but not this year. [E*] BROWN HOWLER MONKEY (Alouatta fuscus) – N Great at Cafundo. BROWN CAPUCHIN (Cebus apella) – N EUROPEAN BROWN HARE (Lepus europaeus) – S GUIANAN SQUIRREL (Sciurus aestuans) CAVY SP. (Galea/Cavia sp.) – S CAPYBARA (Hydrochaeris hydrochaeris) – S Several around Curitiba lakes. BROWN AGOUTI (Dasyprocta variegata) – N BOTTLENOSE DOLPHIN (Tursiops truncatus) – S SOUTH AMERICAN FOX SP. (Pseudalopex gymnocercus) – S CRAB-EATING RACCOON (Procyon cancrivorus) – S tracks only SOUTH AMERICAN COATI (Nasua nasua) – N TAYRA (Eira barbara) – S One seen well by some folks. JAGUARUNDI (Puma yagouaroundi) – N It was a real treat to get to watch a female with two little kittens at Linhares. They stayed out in the open for scope views for a couple of minutes. I actually thought they were Tayras until I got them in the scope! BRAZILIAN TAPIR (Tapirus terrestris) – N tracks RED BROCKET DEER (Mazama americana) – N BROWN BROCKET DEER (Mazama gouazoubira)

ADDITIONAL COMMENTS

Giant Land Snail (Megalobulimus oblongus) -- These were the monsters we came across a few times.

We also encountered some eNORmous annelid earthworms (nearly a meter long!) owing to lots of rain at Intervales; and some of the huge Black-eared Toads (Bufo icterotis) were out and about as well.

The huge terrestrial lizards we saw, black-and-white predominantly, were Tupinambis tegu (they're very hard on ground- nesting birds).

This rather cold and sometimes rainy period was not good for butterflies, but we did find a few fancy ones along the way.

Totals for the tour: 537 bird taxa and 20 mammal taxa

Field Guides Birding Tours • www.fieldguides.com • 800-728-4953 20