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FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS REPORT ― 2021 — a Great Deal of Information on the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Is Available on the Internet

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FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS REPORT ― 2021 — a Great Deal of Information on the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights Is Available on the Internet REPORT 2021 RIGHTS REPORT RIGHTS FUNDAMENTAL ― FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS REPORT ― 2021 — A great deal of information on the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights is available on the Internet. It can be accessed through the FRA website at fra.europa.eu The Fundamental Rights Report 2021 is published in English. — FRA’s annual Fundamental Rights Report is based on the results of its own primary quantitative and qualitative research and on secondary desk FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS REPORT research at national level conducted by FRA’s multidisciplinary research ― 2021 network, FRANET. 2021 Relevant data on international obligations in the area of human rights are ― available via FRA's European Union Fundamental Rights Information System (EFRIS) at: https://fra.europa.eu/en/databases/efris/. REPORT FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS REPORT RIGHTS FUNDAMENTAL © European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights, 2021 Reproduction is authorised provided the source is acknowledged. For any use or reproduction of photos or other material that is not under the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights copyright, permission must be sought directly from the copyright holders. Neither the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights nor any person acting on behalf of the Agency is responsible for the use that might be made of the following information. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, 2021 Print ISBN 978-92-9461-251-9 ISSN 2467-2351 doi:10.2811/432553 TK-AL-21-001-EN-C PDF ISBN 978-92-9461-252-6 ISSN 2467-236X doi:10.2811/379446 TK-AL-21-001-EN-N Photos: see page 289 for copyright information Contents FOREWORD � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 3 1 THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS: A YEAR IN REVIEW � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 4 1.1. AN UNPRECEDENTED CHALLENGE TO FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS . 5 1.2. EMERGENCY MEASURES: IMPACT ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 11 1.3. IMPACT OF THE PANDEMIC ON FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN DAILY LIFE ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 16 1.4. IMPACT OF PANDEMIC ON RIGHTS OF PARTICULAR GROUPS . 27 FRA OPINIONS . 36 INDEX OF COUNTRY REFERENCES . 39 ENDNOTES . 39 2 IMPLEMENTATION AND USE OF THE CHARTER AT NATIONAL LEVEL � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 44 2.1. A SHARED RESPONSIBILITY . 46 2.2. THE CHARTER AND THE JUDICIARY . 46 2.3. THE CHARTER AND LAWMAKERS . 51 2.4. THE CHARTER AND GOVERNMENT POLICIES . 54 2.5. THE CHARTER AND OTHER ACTORS . 55 FRA OPINIONS . 59 INDEX OF COUNTRY REFERENCES . 61 ENDNOTES . 61 3 EQUALITY AND NON-DISCRIMINATION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 64 3.1. EU INITIATIVES ENERGISE EQUALITY PUSH WHILE EQUALITY TREATMENT DIRECTIVE REMAINS STALLED �������������������������������� 69 3.2. PROMOTING EQUALITY AT NATIONAL LEVEL ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 70 3.3. NEED TO BOLSTER EQUALITY BODIES PERSISTS . 71 3.4. EQUAL TREATMENT AND RIGHTS OF OLDER PERSONS DURING THE PANDEMIC AND BEYOND . 74 3.5. A LONG WAY TO GO FOR LGBTI EQUALITY ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 78 FRA OPINIONS . 84 INDEX OF COUNTRY REFERENCES . 87 ENDNOTES . 87 4 RACISM, XENOPHOBIA AND RELATED INTOLERANCE � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 94 4.1. DISCRIMINATION, HATE AND VIOLENCE REMAIN POWERFUL SCOURGES �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 97 4.2. IMPLEMENTING THE LEGAL FRAMEWORK AGAINST RACISM, XENOPHOBIA, ANTISEMITISM AND RELATED INTOLERANCE . 102 4.3. NATIONAL EFFORTS TO TACKLE RACISM, ANTISEMITISM AND XENOPHOBIA, EXTREMISM AND HATE CRIME . 107 FRA OPINIONS . 110 INDEX OF COUNTRY REFERENCES . 113 ENDNOTES . 113 5 ROMA EQUALITY AND INCLUSION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 118 5.1. TOWARDS A NEW EFFORT TO IMPROVE ROMA LIVES IN THE EU ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 123 5.2. A NEW EU ROMA STRATEGIC FRAMEWORK FOR EQUALITY, INCLUSION AND PARTICIPATION UNTIL 2030 . 135 FRA OPINIONS . 138 INDEX OF COUNTRY REFERENCES . 140 ENDNOTES . 140 PB 1 6 ASYLUM, VISAS, MIGRATION, BORDERS AND INTEGRATION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 146 6.1. FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS AT BORDERS ����������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 152 6.2. ASYLUM, IMMIGRATION, AND RETURN PROCEDURES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC . 162 6.3. EU LARGE-SCALE INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS . 166 6.4. REFUGEE AND MIGRANT INTEGRATION . 168 FRA OPINIONS . 171 INDEX OF COUNTRY REFERENCES . 173 ENDNOTES . 173 7 INFORMATION SOCIETY, PRIVACY AND DATA PROTECTION � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � 180 7.1. DATA PROTECTION MOVES FORWARD, BUT NEW THREATS EMERGE . 185 7.2. RECONCILING RIGHTS – DATA PROTECTION AND ITS LIMITS IN SELECT FIELDS . ..
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