96

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + Abstract: This articleaimstoanalyze thesituationofCivil T Society Organizations ( Keywords: civilsociety, civil society organization, social and 4)Reviewofthecurrentsituationrole and institutionalism, determining whether they contribute to available literatureon in relationtothestategovernmentandtheirdegreeofeffect movement the the social movements and the so-called “Dirty War” of the of thehistorystateGuerrero,mainlyconcerning solving publicissuesatthesubnationallevel. seventies; 3)Systematizationofjournalisticnotes,webpages research involvedthefollowing stages: 1) Exploration of the Department of Sociology, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unity Iztapalapa Unity of Sociology, Metropolitana, Autónoma Universidad Department ** Professor/Researcher, Xochimilco Unity Metropolitana, Autónoma Universidad Relations, of Social Department * Professor/Researcher, of politicalauthoritarianism,corruptionandorganized crime. cases has Guerrero of state itself. The society for and system political the for moments significant organizationssaw century, and until the first two decades of this century, tensions between the political institutions and some social some and institutions political the between tensions century, this of decades two first the until and century, 1 This implied the need to create an alliance between the State and the organized popular sectors. The answer from the State was corporatism, a structure that worked worked that a structure corporatism, was State the from answer The sectors. popular organized the and State the between alliance an create to need the implied This The main ones are the concentration of political power in a small, immovable group through free elections, which the specialized literature called “hegemonic party party “hegemonic called literature specialized the which elections, free through group immovable a small, power in of political concentration the are ones main The system” and the concentration of the wealth in an oligarchy that resulted in an uneven distribution of wealth in the population. The national project, adopted during during adopted project, national The population. the in of wealth uneven distribution an in resulted that oligarchy an in wealth of the concentration the system” and 2 federal, state and municipal levels modified the route and the destiny of the ideals that the Mexican Revolution had applied and defended between 1910 and 1940. and 1910 between defended and applied had Revolution Mexican the that ideals the of destiny the and route the modified levels municipal and state federal, this period, consisting of economic and social development to take the Mexican people into the modern sector according to the international economic circumstances. circumstances. economic international the to according sector modern the into people Mexican the development take to social and of economic consisting period, this I would like to thank Elvia León Salazar for her contribution to this work, having systematized the data contained herein. contained data the systematized work, having this to contribution for her Salazar León Elvia thank to Iwould like The national problems in the post revolution and postwar governments from 1950 to 2000 were not fully resolved. During that half of a century, governments at at governments of acentury, half that resolved. During fully not were 1950 2000 to from governments postwar revolution post and the in problems national The CSO ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthe state ofGuerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues s andinterviewswithresearchersworking the significant events that recall a political and social crisis. From the decade of the seventies in the twentieth system. he diagnosiswasmadebyreferringtothenationalsituationemphasizingbehaviorofMexican political 2 Regardingthesubnationallevel,inlastfewyears,stateofGuerrerohasbeenanalyzedfor CSO CSO s inthestateofGuerrero;2)Review s) inthestateofGuerrero. The Introduction CSO CSO s; s; s 1) Exploracióndelaliteraturadisponiblesobre Guerrero, principalmentesobre losmovimientossocialesyla estatal ysugradodeefectoeinstitucionalidad,determinandosi estado deGuerrero; 2)Revisióndelahistoriadelestado Palabras clave: situación actualdelrol delas de lasOrganizaciones delaSociedadCivil( Resumen: Este artículotienecomoobjetivoanalizarlasituación de Guerrero. Lainvestigacióninvolucró lassiguientesetapas: de notasperiodísticas,páginasweblas con investigadores quetrabajancon contribuyen aresolver problemas públicosanivelsubnacional. . llamada “guerrasucia”delosañossetenta;3)Sistematización movimiento social 1 sociedad civil,organización delasociedadcivil, . . Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa OSC enrelación con el gobierno Alfonso LeónPérez * OSC Manuel Larrosa ** ; y4)Revisióndela OSC OSC ) enelestado yentrevistas OSC enel Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues with theelectionof Vicente FoxQuesada,thecandidatefrom (Partido de la Revolución Democrática, Torreblanca GalindofromtheDemocratic RevolutionaryParty This ledsociety to take action, notconsidered as movements 80s inthetwentieth century, it was among other things, the government decided that these demands were not important. Mexico experienced a change in government at the federal level Mexico experiencedachangeingovernmentatthefederallevel over a long period due to its paternalist character from which both sides benefited. sides benefited. which both from character over due a to its longpaternalist period development, some focus on questioning government decisions, play a role in play in arole decisions, government questioning on development, focus some citizen involvement, meaning those who did not belong to the political oligarchy, political the to belong not who did those involvement, meaning citizen for opportunity greater on insisted and demands society´s meeting urged class) Spanish acronym).However, thispolitico-electoraltransition economic and technological domains experienced at the international level, international the at experienced domains technological and economic and opening up of the Mexican government amid the changes on the political, political, the on changes the amid government Mexican up of the opening and 3 acronym) losthisseatasgovernor(Larrosa, authoritarian regime thatregressed fromitssovereignentity as peaceful manifestations organized at thebeginningof against the establishment or revolutionary movements, but Over the years, this form of government ran its course and social mobilization mobilization social and course its ran of government form this years, the Over into thehandsofPresidentMexico(DíazOrdazat became theCivilSocietyOrganizations. in the government agenda; they also fought for greater freedom of expression, and of and expression, freedom for fought greater also they agenda; government the in that waslatercalledthe“Dirty War” (Castañon, time) through thefederal army, asituation that came out of status whenthecontrolofgoverningfunctionwasput the National Action Party(Partido Acción Nacional, origin ofthenon-governmental organizations that overtime society either because indeed it did nothave the necessary of demands the fulfilling to contribute would that bases the making and even monitoring the use of public actions. The political pluralism pluralism political The actions. of public use the even and monitoring making did nottake place in Guerrero until to establish a foundation for social justice and true rule of law. rule true and justice for social afoundation establish to middle movement (the the enlightened in actors The system. political Mexican the elements to develop its administrative capacity or because the urgent need to change from authoritarianism and its antidemocratic expression in in expression antidemocratic its and authoritarianism from change to need urgent returned, particularly the student movement in 1968, making society notice the the notice society movement 1968, in student making the particularly returned, political life and assume the right and obligation to participate in the designing, designing, the in participate to obligation and right the assume and life political The CSOs emerge from the civil society, they promote different modalities of modalities different society, promote they civil the from emerge CSOs The The findings of the research point to Guerrero being an being Guerrero to point research the of findings The The discontentwithagovernmentthatcouldnotestablish In 2000 , after 71 yearsofbeinggovernedbythesameparty, 2005 PRD 3 2008 , when Zeferino , when Zeferino by its Spanish by its Spanish ). 1998 PAN ). by its byits violence, initsdifferent expressions,andpovertyareseen (Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía, with the methods used to contribute in the public space. public the in contribute to used methods the with Mexican states in terms of running water; second to last in National Population Council (Consejo Nacional de literacy. These figures are comparable to the world´s least obtaining resources. The CSOs continuous participation and the efficacy of their government the with negotiate to cases some in them allowed situation of this Población, State. In Guerrero’s case,the issue isserious,since especially after the 80s in the 20th century, granted them a higher grade of grade ahigher them granted century, 20th the in 80s the after especially and the movements went from being actors to becoming social agents, managing managing agents, social becoming to actors being movements went the from and as activities, havethat well poweras their classified to network, characteristics are possibly well as as decisions political to contribute to channels more open to and are thecauseofviolentcontextthatstateisnow as characteristic traitsofthestate. The sociodemographic strengthen the civil society in the Mexican political system. The organizations organizations The system. political Mexican the in society civil the strengthen society showed its influence on institutional changes, both with its demands, and and demands, its with both changes, institutional on influence its showed society its Spanishacronym)attheendof its conceptualization as their privileged contact. During these years, organized organized years, these During contact. privileged their as conceptualization its to or issues work public on to themselves organize CSOs The institutionalization. state´s municipalities were considered as highly or very or highly as considered were municipalities state´s terms ofsewageservices; third tolastinterms of level of the stateofGuerrerooccupied the lastpositionamong today, tensionsbetweenthepolitical center and theregions deduce thattheunderdevelopment and povertysituations developed country:Haiti.Only data oftheNationalInstituteStatisticsandGeography consider thepoliticalelement. cohesive features of the political system and the Mexican that escapes from the process of co-opting the government, moving away moving government, from the of co-opting process the from escapes that society of civil type another generate to started they and interests workforce their and space public the change to politicized are times at that actors social as them highly marginalized. These statistics would allow us to had completed elementary school andaccording to the have marked significant moments in the forming of the of forming the in moments significant marked have experiencing; however, itwouldbeerroneousnotto expressed therelation between povertyand violence: propose alternatives on social, political and economic subjects. The recognition recognition The subjects. economic and political social, on alternatives propose Guerrero anditscivil societyon In thelastyearsof CONAPO byits Spanish acronym), ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 the rise 80 s inthe 11.2 20 % ofthepopulation th centuryanduntil 90 s eloquently 78% INEGI ofthe by 97 Espacios + 98

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + 4 social classes in the Coalition for People Organizations. for People Coalition the in classes social The strength of the movement allowed gathering groups from different different from groups movement gathering of allowed the strength The 1849 via thefederalarmy. This situation, over time,was (Quintero &Rodríguez, Town Offices and State Government levels, along with, as first federal entity of the country where the authoritarian the where country the of entity federal first Union of Producers of Coconut and its Derivatives. Both Union ofProducersCoconut anditsDerivatives.Both founded in the fifties. In Producers wascreated,thenin all featuresthathavegivenauniqueidentity to thestate an inequitable distribution of wealth,accompanied by and reinforcedbyregionalresistance. and political dissidents whoestablished the foundation of inequality, abuseofpowerfromthe three government levels, mechanisms to limit government officials and caciques, and officials government limit to mechanisms based oncacicazgos (chiefdoms), which have operated being treated as aterritory by hanging over the control of the absence of counterweights in the electoral arena and the unlawfuluseofarmyandpolice forces, in addition to through partisanandpatronage relationships. The state the functionofgoverningtothenPresidentDíazOrdaz of the forms ofstruggle characterized mainly as radical, of continuity, ofcycles,althoughsomecritical periods and social actioninthestate.Guerrerohaspresentedacontext corporate corruption (tourism and real estate), injustice, caciques exerciseformalandinformalpowerthrough categorized asthe“Dirty War”. conjunctures can be identified that were key to the outline especially starting in the sixties. Dispossession, racism, especially starting inthesixties.Dispossession, political powers, fromthepost-revolutionary period and regime regressed fromitsstatusasasovereignentity to researcher Alba Teresa Estrada states, Guerrerobeingthe ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org The first relevant first The In this controversial context appeared the social fighters Guerrero wasformedasafederal state on October Historically, Guerrerohasfoughtagainst oligarchic and,sincethen, political relations were established CSO 1951 2015 s in the state of Guerrero were s inthestateofGuerrerowere , the Regional Union of Copra , theRegionalUnionofCopra ). 1957 came the Cooperative cametheCooperative 27 , with popularmobilization, and moreoftenresortedtoviolent with Genaro Vázquez Rojasaspresidentand Antonio Sotelo (La JornadaGuerrero, This measure, instead of favoring them, made them vulnerable This measure,insteadoffavoringthem,madethemvulnerable Jesús Araujo Hernández. The boundariesof the struggledid 2012) emerged inMexicoCity, withthepurposeofputting government of Raúl Caballero Aburto, and gain control of Chilpancingo (Informador, Guerrero, gained strength inpublic spaces anddemanded that Guerrerense, fraud. In July for the democratic transformation of the state of Guerrero for thedemocratictransformationofstateGuerrero lacking legitimacy, wasparalyzed by itsinability to cope Pérez as vice president. The Raul Caballero Aburto, whichconsistedofnepotism,theftand an end to the abuses committed by the governor at the time, an endtotheabusescommittedbygovernorattime, all political power beextinguished. The localgovernment, a major role. In this event, its participation exceeded the action provokedtheirreaction,andledtolarge popularprotests. a quick tour of work through Acapulco and Costa Grande infiltrated by members of the government and businessmen, businessmen, and government the of members by infiltrated not remainatthelevel of studentmovement in searchof becoming manipulatedandcorrupt. The politicalstrength to thevicissitudesofpoliticalpower. the regimeofCaballero Aburto. Forthisreason,they were against fight a prepare to order in organizations, regional of the interests of the producers, but they were nevertheless the interestsofproducers,buttheywerenevertheless organizations wereinitiallydedicatedtothedefenseof through legal conduits and channels, calling for popular and through legalconduitsandchannels,callingforpopular deep and widespread discontent of the people of Guerrero, this deep andwidespreaddiscontentofthepeopleGuerrero,this demonstrated bytheseorganizations ledthe candidates from their leadership to constitutional elections. candidates fromtheirleadershiptoconstitutionalelections. civic movement civic mobilization.Genaro Vázquez and Antonio Sotelomade university autonomy:theobjective was tooverthrow the political power. Inthe autumn of that same year, thispopular resolutions and goalssetbythe strike committee led by repressed at the hands of state authorities. In addition to the repressed atthehandsofstateauthorities.Inadditionto In On October 1959 , theGuerreroCivic Association (AsociaciónCívica ACG 1960 4 21 occupiedthebetterpart of thestate byitsSpanishacronym)( , his leadership was restructured in Iguala, , his leadership was restructured in Iguala, , 1960 2012 , a student conflict erupted in erupted conflict student a , Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa ), where they contacted leaders ), wheretheycontactedleaders 2014 ACG ), wherethe was established to fight fight to established was Enciclopediagro PRI ACG to invite toinvite played , Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues Abarca Alarcón, wasrecognized as governorinDecree#1 Aburto wasreplaced by Supreme Court Minister, Arturo who defendedtheprinciplesofunhinderedrespectfor what isnowthe Autonomous University. Iguala massacre of December cultural development of the people. Taken from the book: Breve historia de Breve historia book: the Taken people. development from of the cultural cial security benefits tothe entire population;and finally, for the literacy and and the establishment of a popular regime made up of workers, farmers, inte up of workers, farmers, made regime of a popular establishment the and Martínez Adame (López, Martínez Adame Mateos gave the greenlight to theofUniondecree that strived for political freedom, that is, the end of all caciques in the government, government, the in caciques of end all is, the that freedom, for political strived 5 llectuals, patriots and students; for scientific planning of the economy whose economy the of planning scientific for students; and patriots llectuals, la Asociación Cívica Guerrerense, jefaturada por Genaro Vázquez Rojas, del Genaro por jefaturada Guerrerense, Cívica Asociación la ness of the rights of workers; for the distribution of major latifundiums; for of latifundiums; major distribution of workers; for the rights of the ness for the companies; American of North hands the in was that wealth mineral achieved as aresultofthemurder of all power levels be extinguished in Guerrero, and Caballero the farmers; for the implementation of agricultural reform and providing so providing and reform of agricultural implementation for the farmers; the say; to is that owners, their to them returning riches, of forestry rescue the its importance whenstate elections were held,asthey instituting municipal councils headedbymembersof injured, who participated in a rally held in the building of because it revealed the struggleofpeople of Guerrero, respect of internal trade union political life; for the expansion and effective and expansion for life; the political union trade of internal respect of the recovery for the population; for the living cultural and prove material im and state the in available resources natural all maximize to was purpose profesor Antonio Sotelo Pérez (Enciclopedia, 2012). (Enciclopedia, Pérez Sotelo Antonio profesor of theStateCongress,datedMarch offices and state governors in the elections held in reaffirmed and demonstrated which Association, the transformed the protestmethods that would lead, years later, the protestwasrepressedbypoliceforcesandsoldiersin the oppositioncandidates and leaderswereimprisoned response, ignore In to Abarca win. population Alarcon´s the the considered bythe citizen’s vote and for democracy in the state, a fact that candidate was JoséMaríaSuárez Tellez, who, accordingto participated by launchingcandidates for severalmunicipal repression. On January This congress approved a program of action called “the seven points” which seven points” “the called of action a program approved congress This The ACG ACG , won the succeeded in overthrowingseveralmayors, PRI ACG candidate election. But Dr. Raymundo 4 asanelection fraud, soitcalledon , 1961 2012 , then President Adolfo López ). Nevertheless,thiswasonly 30 , 1962 5 16 , . This was important 1963 people and dozens . This factwas 1962 . The - - - - Asociaciones Copreras);andinJuly was created;byJanuary was intensified in order to silence all voices of protest. of voices all silence to order in intensified was and educational judicial, financial, proposed he which with them to hold an agricultural congress in the city of (Liga Agraria RevolucionariadelSurEmilianoZapata) figures in the fight against the so-called “Dirty War”of “Dirty theso-called against fight the in figures On November Independientes de Ajonjolí) wasformed. The creationof great popularsupport,so forthisreason,persecution Movement of the Teaching Profession (Movimiento Nacional). He became one of the most representative National FarmerConfederation,whichwasoneofthe Chilpancingo, on August Chilpancingo, Coffee Producers (UniónIndependientedeProductores Zapata Revolutionary Agrarian LeagueoftheSouth los Pobres),asawayoforganizing students andfarmers. States. Later, he formed the Party of the Poor (Partido de Sesame ProducersUnion(UnióndeProductores Liberation Movement (MovimientodeLiberación Revolucionario del Magisterio)andtheNational Revolucionaria, Revolutionary Association (Asociación Cívica Nacional Free UnionofCopra Associations (UniónLibrede sixties, a student at the Rural School of Ayotzinapa, and social reforms, andnolessimportantly, forchanging on the well-being of workers, farmers and women, for the seventies in Mexico. Cabaña’s struggles were focused objectives towardstheagriculturalsector. Duringthat these organizations strengthened the to thetransformation of the de Café)wasformedand,attheendofthatyear, the participant in the teachers’ union, inthe Revolutionary policy supportingMexico’s dependence on theUnited pillars ofthe period, groupsoffarmerswerecreated,apartfromthe The politicalturmoilprovoked bytheseactorshad Between Lucio Cabañas is another name that stood out in the 1963 PRI 11 ACNR and , . OnMarch 1966 ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 byitsSpanishacronym). , Genaro Vázquez wascaptured 1965 1964 20 , ACG , the 1965 , theIndependentUnionof 21 into the National Civic . 5 , 1965 ACG 1963 ACG , theIndependent reorientedits , theEmiliano , which agreed 99 Espacios + 100

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + 50 million pesos for his release (Redacción AN, 2013). AN, (Redacción release for his pesos million 50 7 Figueroa Figueroa from May 30 to September 8, 1974, obtaining a ransom of aransom 8, 1974, September to May 30 obtaining from Figueroa Figueroa Eduardo Neri, Atenango del Río, del Huitzuco. Atenango Neri, Eduardo 6 Tepecoacuilco, Copalillo, Mártir de Cuilapan (Apango), de Cuilapan Zumpango de Mártir Copalillo, Tepecoacuilco, One of the most remembered cases is the kidnapping of Rubén governor kidnapping the is cases remembered most of the One 1972 was arrestedthereandtransferredtothemilitaryhospital (Cuautémoc, 2011). Brigades (BrigadasCampesinasJusticieras)attacked Needless tosay, thathisdeathwasnotprompt,sincehe Nogales Highway, km Guerrero crashedagainstabridgewall,attheMexico- army battalions andpolice units, robbingbanksand a methodofcombat,butthistime,witharmedforces and intellectuals; get full political and economic actions todismantlearmedmovementsinGuerrero. The in MexicoCityandwassubsequentlytransferred in independence; andestablishanewsocialorderto benefit theworkingclassofcountry. operating from the coast of Guerrero and his Rural Justice the on nationaltelevision(Ferreyra, of Moreliawherehourslater, hisdeathwasmadepublic on April the oligarchy, consistingoflarge capitalistsand the transformationof due tothepreviouslyforeseencircumstances,became death ofGenaro Vázquez was announcedonFebruary confined in the Iguala prison. He was later rescued was He prison. Iguala the in confined consisting ofprogressiveworkers,farmers,students hospital fortreatmentofanoraldisease. After his ruling landlords;establishacoalitiongovernment, release, hewenttothemountains,whereannounced ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org At thattime,asapoliticalandmilitaryorganization, In themeantime, LucioCabañascontinued hisstruggle Due toGenaro Vázquez andLucioCabaña’s insurgence, 1968 ACNR , afterthecarinwhichhewastravellingtoSierrade , thearmywentfromharassmenttoconcrete 22 presentedthefollowingideology:overthrow , 1968 , whilebeingtransferredtoanearby 226.7 ACG , Highway intothe 2012 ). 15 inMichoacán. ACNR , which, 2 , Atoyac. His guerrilla tactics that began as aform of self- Armadas RevolucionariadelPueblo). A. C. (Consejo de Pueblos Nahuas del Alto Balsas Guerrero, working sector, andby willing tofaceauthority. To thisend,onOctober Otero, whoburiedhiminthemunicipalgraveyardof Cabañas stilllived. Guerrero. Forexample, the indigenous people of Guerrero CPNAB launched a movement that sought to achieve sustainable People (Ejército Revolucionario del Pueblo Insurgente) and Party ofthePoorcouldnotestablishaconnection with the Revolutionary Army (Ejército Popular Revolucionario), and diffusion oftheculture theNahuainhabitants of the and Communal andCommonsCommissaries (Comisariado injustice and chiefdoms(Tlachinollan, in aruralterritory withthepreviouslymentioned context of body wasplacedinthecustodyofGovernorIsraelNoguera kidnapping landowners, ranchersandmerchants as away on December of human and indigenous rights, and for the respect, rescue struggle forasustainable and autonomousdevelopment to the Revolutionary Armed ForcesofthePeople(Fuerzas then later on, the Revolutionary Army ofthe Insurgent other clandestinegroups,whichin of financing their fight against the local government. local the against fight their financing of they went throughanimportant organizational process, and the Council of NahuaPeoplesfrom Alto Balsas,Guerrero defense turned into guerrilla fighting for seven years while could overcome some of the difficulties inherent of living of inherent difficulties the of some overcome could de BienesComunalesyEjidales). development for their environmental, cultural and collective unrelated to any political party orreligious association. They eradicate extreme poverty, forthedefense andpromotion participation of morethan rights. They were based on community participation, and These events paved the way fororganized groups in The Lucio Cabañas managed to flee several attacks, however, CPNAB byitsSpanishacronym)wasformed,withthe is a non-government, non-profit organization 2 , 1974 , hewaskilledinElOtotal,andhis 1989 Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa 22 , it was already merging with MunicipalCommissioners, 1995 became the Popular 2015 ). Inthe 21 , 1990 6 1990 The s, , Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues Alto BalsasRegion(Tlahui, 17 people and wounding 21 others. This event reverberated in the media and with with and media the in event reverberated This 21 others. wounding 17 and people Their meetings are held every year at the end of October. The generally authorities from theNahuaPeoplesinRegion. greater impartiality, itisregulated by an Alternative Plan, General Assemblies wheneveritdeemsnecessary. CPNAB victims, from human rights organizations and public opinion, the governor fired the the fired governor the opinion, public and organizations rights human from victims, of the highlands during the administration of Rubén Figueroa Alcocer from 1993 from Alcocer Figueroa of Rubén administration the during highlands of the and withapopulation of more than and diffusion ofculture, language, traditions and customs de Benítez, approximately 400 motorized, judicial and anti-riot police ambushed a a ambushed police anti-riot and judicial motorized, 400 approximately Benítez, de autonomous development, executed and controlled by and underitsownrhythmvisionofsustainable and and consists of more than 30 indigenous peoples, located determined that the responsibility of the massacre fell upon the governor, the who on upon fell massacre of the responsibility the that determined contingent of approximately 60 farmers who went to Coyuca de Benítez with the the with Benítez de who went Coyuca to farmers 60 of approximately contingent of municipalities and communities for the agreements pending the with compliance integral, as they also strive for the strengthening, rescue in northernandcentralGuerrerofromsevenmunicipalities same demands. After a confusing incident, the police fired at close range, killing killing range, close at fired police the incident, confusing a After demands. same by theFederalGovernmentofMexico. Their struggleis modifying itaccordingtoitsownneeds. the senseofindigenousidentity. To achieve its goalswith of theregion, as animportant part to continue to strengthen of the can be achieved with a proposal different from that offered has aGeneral Assembly ofdelegates, who elect members main officials of his government, but the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation Nation the of Justice of Court Supreme the but government, his of officials main establish to gave acronym) elements enough by Spanish its (CNDH Rights Human to 1996. On June 28, 1995, the OCSS convened demonstrations in Atoyac and Atoyac and in 28, 1996. 1995, June demonstrations convened to On OCSS the the indignation it provoked within the civil society, the National Commission of of Commission National society, the civil the it provoked within indignation the fertilizers and materials of construction consisted which Coahuayutla, and Union La March 12, 1996 requested to take leave post. of his take to 12, 1996 requested March 8 Zihuatanejo to demand the appearance of Gilberto Romero Vázquez and to demand demand to Vázquez Romero and of Gilberto appearance the demand to Zihuatanejo 9 promised by the state executive. At Vado de Aguas Blancas, municipality of Coyuca of Coyuca executive. municipality Blancas, state At Vado by the Aguas de promised leaders of social disappearances forced and killings of the for several responsible responsibilities; under all the pressure from the OCSS, from the relatives of the of relatives the the from OCSS, the from pressure the all under responsibilities; by community participation of the Nahua peoples of the Alto Balsas Region. Balsas Alto of the peoples Nahua of the participation by community The OCSS expelled the motorized police from Tepetixtla, which they held held they which Tepetixtla, from police motorized the expelled OCSS The This plan has 13 specific programs that deal with different work areas designed designed areas work different with deal that programs 13 specific has plan This The CPNAB CPNAB Executive Council is entitled to call Extraordinary Executive Council, whoserepresentatives are aimstovalidate that regional development 1996 ). Itislegallyregistered 56,000 inhabitants. It 8 7

y Organizaciones delEstadodeGuerrero, (Consejo Guerrerense (Galeón, 500 justice, public safety, food andsourcesofemployment. Organizations oftheStateGuerrero(UnióndePueblos generate better living conditions. The CG500ARI formed, consistingofmenandwomenmainlyengaged farmers fromvarioustownsonthecoastandlowland for thefullhumandevelopmentofyoungandoldalike fair distributionofgoodsintheregiontobeessential from the beginning, and they range from roads blocks to la SierradelSur, Dam, arguing thatitsconstructionwoulddestroythelife, Spanish acronym), an organization that emerges as a as todemandproofthatthosewhohad“disappeared” and marginalization, reflected in serious lags in basic lags serious in reflected marginalization, and achieve dignityandrespectfortheconditionsof in theso-called“Dirty War” sincethe infrastructure, education, health,housing,accessto in agriculture,andisanindependentorganization of managed, coordinatedandorganized autonomouslyto of theSierradelSur(Organización Campesinade small farmers.InJanuary settled there. to opposetheconstructionofSanJuan Tetelcingo of thestateGuerrero, given theconditionsofpoverty of thestateGuerrero. It does not belong to any taking municipalbuildings,amongotheractions. their methodsfor obtaining resources have been radical culture andenvironmentoftheNahuaIndigenousPeoples contemplates freedomofpoliticalparticipationandthe protect theregion’s forestsandnaturalresources,aswell response fromtheindigenous and Afro-Mexican peoples people andtheregiontheylivein. Their workismainly political partyorinstitutionalgroup.Itspurposeisto Another sectordevelopingsignificantorganizations is Another importantgroupistheUnionofPeoples and In -year-old GuerreroCouncilofIndigenousResistance 1991 , the 2015 byitsSpanishacronym),whichoriginated ). Likethe CPNAB OCSS ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 becameoneofthefounders 500 byitsSpanishacronym)was Años deResistenciaIndígena, 1994 CPNAB , theFarmerOrganization , the OCSS 1960 OCSS UPOEG s. However, setoutto project 9 byits 101 Espacios + 102

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + Workers (CoordinadoraNacionalde Trabajadores dela ( (Federación Estudiantil Universitaria Guerrerense), The Tecuanichan indigenousorganization, theLeftSocial government entitiesineconomic,political,socialand Normalistas delEstadodeGuerrero),amongothers. Community andthe Coordinator of Teacher Graduates National FrontforSocialistStruggle(FrenteNacional Movement (MovimientoSocialdeIzquierda), the fractions oftheNationalCoordinatorforEducation least Preservation ofNaturalResources. Popular delosPueblosGuerrero, Popular Assembly ofthe PeoplesofGuerrero(Asamblea Defense Front(FrentedeDefensaPopular),theCalpulli Desarrollo Comunitario),thePopularRevolutionary System; promoteGenderEqualityandthe Educación, acronym) was created in Chilpancingo, consisting of at Front (FrentePopularRevolucionario)andthe as toreversethehighmarginalization andachieve and economicdemandstoallowforintegralhuman and agreements with the different public entities, schools; theconstruction andremodeling ofeducational social actors,managingsocial,cultural,political on all three levels of government, and with various the allocationof of theStateGuerrero(CoordinadoradeEgresados the CommunityDevelopment Workshop (Taller de demands ofthepeoplesandcommunitiesbefore development withanidentitythatmeetsourrealneeds” development; promotecommunitydevelopmentand demands. Among itsrequests: thedismissalof de LuchaSocialista),theCuauhtémocIndigenous cultural mattersfromacommunityperspective,so unions, the University Student Federation from Guerrero education secretary, JoséLuisGonzálezdela Vega Otero; preserve culture; strengthen the CommunitySafety UPOEG ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org Using thesamegroupinglogic,onOctober Its objectiveisto“organize, planandmanagethe APPG 30 socialandunionorganizations, includingtwo , 2015 wouldmainlypromotesocial andagricultural CETEG ). They promote actionsbasedon dialog 618 byitsSpanishacronym),university seatsforgraduatesofteaching APPG byitsSpanish 1 , 2006 , the when theycirculatedadocumentonthewebentitled “A 50 Its purposewastoprovidedrinkingwater Acapulco groups and, specifically, in civil society organizations, society civil in specifically, and, groups Montaña region(LaJornada, Guerrero. Although it was said that the construction of this forest ofGuerrero. This proposalattractedtheattentionit levels forfarmers,aswellnationalandinternational awareness-raising wentbeyonditscommunities, and aimed for, asitrevealedthat theforceofitsactionand and municipalities opposed the construction of La Parota into sectors,ashappenedin international levels(Quintero, infrastructure, primarilyintheindigenousareasofLa but alsoenvironmentalgroupswhichhaveastrong that social action was unified at the local, regional and regional local, the at unified was action social that over thenext of turbogeneratorstostorewaterfromthePapagayoRiver. of installing a hydroelectric system made up of three groups the municipal government to cancel the construction of an to createresistancemovementsthatresultedinorganized to popular resistance presented at the political and legal the useofnaturalresourcesasameanssurvival.Due and life, of way their on decide to right farmers´ the over sought to give priority to the economic interests ofafew social benefits for communities, the farmers objected to its to meetthetotalannualelectricityneedsforstateof dam wouldleadtoproductiveprojectsandinturnprovide construction. They argued that this development project hydroelectric dam(Toscana, has beenhalted. human rightsandenvironmentalistnetworks,theproject program fortheGuerreroland”,whichwasdrafted by policy, naturalresourcesingeneral and,particularly, the proposals andobligationsregardinganenvironmental presence in the state of Guerrero, especially since environmentalistsfromGuerreroandconsistedof The demandsofthesocialorganizations canbedivided In Not onlydidfarmersandindigenouspeoplemanaged 2005 , agroupofenvironmentalists mobilizedtoconvince 50 years,andtoproduceenoughelectricity Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa 2005 2011 2006 2010 , whenmembersofejidos ). This projectconsisted ). ). 2005 10 ,

Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues 1970 Attorney General´s Office public servants were responsible for these forced forced these for responsible were servants public Office General´s Attorney A.C. (Comité de Derechos Humanos Sembrador de la Esperanza A.C.) the in Esperanza la de Sembrador Humanos Derechos de A.C. (Comité was tobecarried out bythecompany Aca Extremo, and who disappearedwho andwereaffected bythe“Dirty War” of the (Rosado, 10 11 (the voice of the voiceless) was founded by Orbelín Jaramillo Diego in Coyuca Coyuca in Diego Jaramillo (the voiceless) voice by of the Orbelín founded was Church callsforparticularattention. Tlachinollan) was constituted by the diocese of Tlapa, the latter, becomes becomes latter, the of Tlapa, diocese by the constituted was Tlachinollan) favor of the environment was that Acapulco´s development that Acapulco´s was environment the of favor follow-up ofeachthecaseshumanrightsviolations, launched a campaign against theproject on theinternet, disappearances, ranging from Director Generals and Commanders to Head of Head to Commanders and Generals Director from ranging disappearances, Human Rights( de Benítez, who also founded the Committee of Human Rights, Sower of Rights, Hope of Human Committee the founded who also Benítez, de adventure park ontheisland ofLa Roqueta. This project as well as the authorization of Units and State Judicial Police Officers. Police Judicial State and Units investors. Still, theargument of theorganizations working in national offices and to the Inter-American Commission of Commission Inter-American the to and offices national of theMinistryNavyandEconomy, of tourismshould not be carried out at the expense of the organizations that favor the promotion and defense of more relevant as it is fundamental to the integration of the Community Police. Community of the integration the to it fundamental is relevant as more Montaña la de Humanos Derechos de (Centro Center Rights Human complaints abouthumanrightsviolationstothestateand curbing its development, showing it as a risky place for had a permit from an Environmental Management Unit until itwaseventually canceled. Severalauthorities accused human rights,whichgivesupporttothefamilies of those Emiliano Zapata neighborhood in Acapulco; the La Montaña Tlachinollan Tlachinollan Montaña La the Acapulco; in neighborhood Zapata Emiliano environment foranyreason. environmentalists of damaging the image of Acapulco and particular, theirconnection with membersoftheCatholic recurring reality in Guerrero.Forthese organizations in responsible forthedisappearances, which have becomea Until 2007, there were 37 cases documented where Guerrero State State Guerrero where documented 37 were cases 2007, Until there To name but a few, the Center for Human Rights “La Voz “La To Voz” Sin los de but afew, Rights name for Human Center the Another activist struggleinGuerreroinvolves The workoftheseorganizations consistsofsubmitting s. These organizations demand the punishment of those 2005 ). OnDecember IACHR ). They carryoutsystematizationand 14 SEMARNAT ofthatyear, Greenpeace 10 and PROFEPA

y Amigos deSecuestrados,Desaparecidosy Aasesinados working toadaptthecircumstances of thecurrent 28 Missing andMurderedinGuerrero(Comité de Familiares Committee of Relatives and FriendsofthoseKidnapped, are still unknown. After publicly denouncing the approved inSeptember acronym), stated that “in Guerrero,almost all of ushave afflicted the state of Guerrero since the period known as known period the since Guerrero of state the afflicted allocated towelfareexpensesinorderaddressthe amendments such as the State Amnesty Law, published advice, andtheyareactivelyinvolvedindevelopinglegal interviewed to learn about the situation and legal become oneofthemostimportantpublicproblemson has which crime, organized fighting in results better be by betterequippingthepoliceforce. They rejectthat of violenceandinsecurity inGuerrero.In of howan organization is forced to change its way of to PreventandPunishForcedDisappearanceofPersons, the authorities investigating the disappearance.” When is missing,without who someone closetous or know of the Community Development Workshop (Taller the “Dirty War”. JavierMonroyHernández,coordinator the nationalandstateagenda. of securityor, thatwithsuchmilitarization,theremight the militarization of institutions would be a guarantee to thesecurityprobleminGuerrerowillnotbeachieved source oftheproblem. They pointoutthatthesolution the organizations suggest that more resources be on November the supportersof throughout thecountry. The that thisphenomenonisgrowingnotonlyinGuerrero but disappearance of Gabriel Cerón, agroup ofapproximately de Guerrero, de DesarrolloComunitario, context, inthisparticular circumstance, due totheclimate has documented and denounced, in cooperation with the progress ofthecasesmissingpersonsthathisgroup primarily againstindigenous peoples, they provide legal -year-old architect, disappeared and hiswhereabouts Forced disappearances is one of the issues that has CFASDAG 11 , TADECO 2002 ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 , andtheStateofGuerreroLaw byitsSpanishacronym), he said 2005 , Jorge Gabriel Cerón, ayoung TADECO . 11 TADECO Regardingpublicsafety, caseisanexample byitsSpanish 2007 , oneof 103 Espacios + 104

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + 14 13 12 was the version given by the Federal Attorney General´s Office (Procuraduría (Procuraduría Office General´s Attorney Federal the by given version the was 2014, students from the Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College were pursued Teachers’ pursued were Ayotzinapa College Rural 2014, the from students disappeared students, to ensure preservation of evidence, to provide medical medical provide of to evidence, preservation ensure to students, disappeared criminal organization Guerreros Unidos (“United Warriors”). At least, that that At least, Warriors”). (“United Unidos Guerreros organization criminal and detained by a group of policemen, later handed over the students to the the to over students the handed later of policemen, by agroup detained and assistance to everyone affected by this crime, to guarantee access to all the the all to access guarantee to crime, by this everyone affected to assistance and Open Society Justice Initiative (OSJI). Initiative Justice Society Open and (Conectas Humanos Direitos Law (CEJIL); Conectas International and General de la República,PGR by its Spanish acronym) which also informed informed also which acronym) by Spanish its República,PGR la de General information needed including a digital copy of the case file, an interview to interview an file, case the of copy digital a including needed information Human Rights); Latin American Working Group Education Fund (LAWGEF) Fund Education Group Working American Rights); Latin Human the outskirts of Cocula. of Cocula. outskirts the in adump at burned were they 43 of students, the disappearance the after that that the case be treated as a forced disappearance aforced as treated be case the that and Iguala in battalion army´s 27th Mexican the from personnel military the Some of the recommendations were: to continue the search for the for the search the were: continue to recommendations of the Some Some of them are: Peace Brigades International (PBI); Center for Justice (PBI); Center International Brigades Peace are: of them Some The night of September 26 and in the early morning hours of September 27, of September hours morning early the in and 26 of September night The 18 The activistsaidthat“intheselasteightyears,theonly TADECO groups andtheauthorities,asituationthatseveral Guerrero hasoneofthelongesthistoriesforced and natureofthiseventmobilizednotonlythe and livesatrisk. The disappearance ofthe is themostcontroversialcasesince not investigate,thus creating impunity, whichleads nearly of Ayotzinapa state, decidedtoformthe organizations hadpreviouslydenounced. Ayotzinapa to the despair and resignation of the victims”. Amid the authorities. The governmentlegalauthoritiesdo thing thatiscertain,thelinkofcriminalgroupswith out theirownrelativesdirectly, puttingtheirsafety of aresponsetothisrequest,somefamilieshavesought disappearances (Yener, crime, registered have beenfoundinclandestinegraves.Intheabsence request tocreatea ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org families from the capital and other places around the As ofMarch Concerning thecaseof Ayotzinapa, themagnitude 290 ’s andtheCommittee’s struggles,thereisa murdersthatwerenotrelatedtoorganized 12 establishedthelinkbetweencriminal 289 2011 DNA disappearancesand , thisCommitteehasrecorded databasetoidentifybodiesthat 2015 CFASDAG ). . 2014 25 abductions. ; however, 43 youths Amnesty International,PeaceBrigadesInternationaland Workers ( were heldtoseehowtakeactionandsupportthe (Tlachinollan, (Normal Ruralde Ayotzinapa). EverySaturday, meetings Telefonistas), thePopularFrontofMexico City(Frente 2015 Interdisciplinary GroupofIndependentExperts( global actionsarecarriedoutinfavorof Ayotzinapa, as Mexican governmenttosupporttheworkof National StudentCoordinator(CoordinadoraNacional Guerrero-based Karam. Owingtothis,the Popular, Popular delaCiudad de México),theUnion of Workers Estudiantil), amongothers.Onthe an including theNationalCoordinatorforEducation multiple organizations fromseveralstatesoftherepublic, of thePopularNational Assembly (AsambleaNacional of asupportnetwork. This effort gavewaytothecreation showed theinterestinbroaderefforts andonthecreation of international the then general prosecutor of the republic, Jesus Murillo to implementtherecommendationsmadeby several Rural Teachers’ Collegesmet onSeptember of Mexico(Uniónde Trabajadores deMéxico),andthe of the to congregateinthe Ayotzinapa Rural Teachers’ College of launchinganinvitationtonationalsocialorganizations the political portion withthelegalportion. Someofthe the signatories(Camacho,s/f). the Center for Justice and International Law are some of did notcoincidewiththeversionoffactsgiven by unions suchas events, varioushumanrightsorganizations urged the parents of the representatives and As fornationalscope,the On September ANP toagreeonanactionplan whichproposedtocombine plantocontinueprovidingcoveragethecase 43 ANP studentswhohaddisappeared,somelegal CETEG byitsSpanishacronym),consistingof 2015 CNTE CSO 43 CSO ), the Telephone Union (Sindicato de 6 , ). missing students. These meetings 2015 124 s, butalsothosethatformpart networks. , delegatesfromdifferent , the STRM Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa ANP CNTE IGIE , , presidedbytheparents SME 13 teacherswereincharge presentedareportthat Sixmonthsafterthe 26 andstudentsfrom th ofeachmonth, GIEI IACHR IACHR CSO ) and 12 . ’s ’s 14 s, s, ,

Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues Authorities (CoordinadoraRegionalde Autoridades Article 19 of the Center for Human Rights Fray Francisco de Vitoria (Centro Vitoria de Francisco Fray Rights for Human 19 Center of the Article 26 government intelligence services, who sees them not as the Comunitarias PolicíaComunitaria, 15 from theRegionalCoordinatorofCommunityPolice fasted for Popular), andtoinvitethewholecommunityjoin People’s Revolutionary Army ( Spanish acronym);fromthePopularRevolutionaryFront activities wereasfollows:theparentsof and the Revolutionary Army of the Insurgent People ( EPR and condemnsthearbitraryarrests,aswellmurders in Oaxacaandfromallthe in acollectiveeffort anddemandthatthe43student in centralMexicoCity);tocarryoutthefourthsessionof march from Los Pinos (the official residence and office and residence official (the Pinos Los from march behind theprotests,whicharepresumablylinkedto the punishmentofmaterialandintellectualculprits teachers whodisappearedbepresentedlive,aswell the NationalPeople’s Convention(ConvenciónNacional of thePresidentMexico)toZócalo(themainsquare of the social fighters throughout the country for which it which for country the throughout fighters social the of obtained bytheProcesomagazine,listsatleast demands justiceandpunishmentoftheculprits;italso calls fortheimmediatereleaseofallpoliticalprisoners result ofasocialprotest,butasmovementledbythe responsible forthiscrime.Moreover, the de Derechos Humanos Fray Francisco de Vitoria), the Center ProDH, The The ProDH, Vitoria), de Center the Francisco Fray Humanos Derechos de and Development (Centro de Justicia para la Paz y el Desarrollo, CEPAD), yel Desarrollo, Paz la para Justicia de Development (Centro and Cause (Abogados Solidarios Causa), Founding Center for Analysis and and for Analysis Center Causa), Founding (Abogados Solidarios Cause Peace (Servicios y Asesoría para la Paz, Serapaz), National Network of Civil Network Serapaz), Paz, la National para yAsesoría (Servicios Peace for Consulting and Cívica), Services (Propuesta Civic Proposal Democracia), y Humanos Derechos de Mexicano (Instituto Democracy and Rights Human from Social) Protesta yla Expresión de Libertad la por (Frente Protest the Group of Lawyers (Colectivo de Abogadas) and Solidarity Lawyers Lawyers Solidarity (Colectivo and Abogadas) of de Lawyers Group the Research (Fundar Centro de Análisis e Investigación), Mexican Institute of eInvestigación), Institute Mexican Análisis de Centro (Fundar Research for Peace Center Justice Center, the Right Human Juárez Pro Agustín Miguel This is documented by the Front for Freedom of Expression and Social Social and of Expression for Freedom Front by the documented is This th asthedayofglobalindignationfor Ayotzinapa; to These mobilizationshavebeencriticizedbythefederal guerrillasandthe 43 hours; to promote declaration of September ERPI CSO . A federalintelligencereport EPR s inthecountry( byitsSpanishacronym) CRAC-PC ANP 43 advocates 11 FP, 2015 students byits groups ERPI ).

Vázquez Rojas Association (Asociación Genaro Vázquez Rojas); Genaro (Asociación Ricardo Vázquez Rojas Association what happenedatdemonstrations,arealltoocommon. (Unión CampesinaEmilianoZapata),inplaceofthelate 16 16 José Luis Abarca Velázquez, whowasmayorofIguala Unity Front(FrenteUnidadPopular),whichfederates One suchcasetookplacein leader, Arturo Hernández Cardona, and specified that specified and Cardona, Hernández Arturo leader, Hernandez Cardona,mentionedthatmanyleadersofthe Derechos Humanos),whoclaimedthatMariaMagdalena Human RightsDefenseNetwork(ReddeDefensalos at least s h ha o te mlao aaa amrs Union Farmer´s Zapata Emiliano the of head the as López PaulinoandErickaZamoraPardo(survivors social protests in Mexico” (Propuesta Cívica, 2015). (Propuesta Mexico” in protests social and disproportionateuseofpoliceforceinanextensive an independentgroupofcivilsocietyactors,sincecases Organisms for Human Rights All Rights for All (Red Nacional de Organismos Organismos de Nacional (Red for All Rights All Rights for Human Organisms interview, SofíaMendozaMartínez,whowouldremain Cabañas Barrientos); My Country comes First (Mi Patria es Primero); Genaro Genaro Primero); es Patria (Mi First comes My Country Barrientos); Cabañas Consumidores) and the February 24 neighborhood (la colonia 24 de Febrero). de 24 colonia (la neighborhood 24 February the and Consumidores) Civiles de Derechos Humanos Todos los Derechos para Todas yTodos) para Todos Derechos los and Humanos Derechos de Civiles manner towardsjournalists,humanrightsdefenders,and be essentialtowaitforagroupformfromtheefforts of by itsSpanishacronym).Inviewoftheabove,itwould the intellectual and material author of his murder was others chosenottocontinuefight(Gilez, and Iguala, fled front, the shaped which organizations those whoexercisedtheirlegitimaterighttodisclose of arbitrary aggression and illegal detention, misuse to harassment,threatsandintimidationoftheirmembers. demanded moreinformationontheassassinationof until theeventsoccurred in Ayotzinapa. Inatelephone complaint ofIsraelSampedroMorales,presidentthe Emiliano Zapata); Lucio Cabañas Barrientos Organization (Organización Lucio Lucio (Organización Organization Barrientos Cabañas Zapata); Lucio Emiliano Magón); Users and Consumers Organization (Organización de Usuarios y Usuarios de (Organización Organization Magón); Consumers and Users Flores Ricardo Humanista (Fundación Foundation Humanist Magón Flores Resound (Resonar), in its report “Control of public space: Third report on report Third space: of public “Control report its (Resonar), in Resound The The CSOs that form it are: Zapata Emiliano Farmer´s Union (Unión Campesina Another casethatdrewpublicattentionwastheurgent Earlier, therehavebeencasesof 10

CSO s that arehuman rights defenders, ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 2014 CSO , whenthePopular s dissolvingdue 2014 ). 15 16

105 Espacios + 106

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + 17 the Autonomous University of Guerrero, the La Montaña Tlachinollan Human Human Tlachinollan Montaña La the of Guerrero, University Autonomous the Network for Human Rights for All (Red de los Derechos para Todos). para Derechos los de (Red for All Rights for Human Network Development Workshop (Tadeco) the and Community Center, the Rights The Commission for the Defense of Human Rights of the state of Guerrero, of Guerrero, state of the Rights of Human Defense for the Commission The Vegetal) andtheNationalHealth,Safety Agro- Vegetal, Advocate ProgramoftheInteriorMinistry(Programade was settledwiththefollowingnumberofpreliminary Inocuidad yCalidad Agroalimentaria, Interior Ministryjoinedthemandtransferredtothe Mendoza Martínez. They allperceivedthatfromanother Commission oftheCongressGuerrero(Comisiónde Center, alongwiththepresidentofHumanRights Committee on Plant Health (Comité Estatal de Sanidad Gutiérrez Hidalgo y Costilla, finalizing the details of details the finalizing Costilla, y Hidalgo Gutiérrez CSO Derechos HumanosdelCongresodeGuerrero),Jorge Salazar Marchán, as well as the filmmaker Braulio filmmaker the as well as Marchán, Salazar Public Prosecutor´s Office to make a complaint, which complaint, a make to Office Prosecutor´s Public Pro) andtheNetworkforDefenseofHumanRights. Defensores delaSecretaríaGobernación),theyalso Solidaria DécadacontralaImpunidad). These activists Shortly afterwards,thepoliceagentassignedto Food QualityService(ServicioNacionaldeSanidad, acts asanintermediarybetweentheGeneralDirectorate and fighters carrying out their efforts as members of asmembers efforts their out carrying fighters and investigation: met in Mexico City, ina restaurant at the Telmex Cultural notified Bishop Raúl Vera, director of Pro Center (Centro of PlantProtection(DirecciónGeneralde Sanidad so they notified the coordinator of the Community of coordinator the notified they so video was official military a resembling man a table, the SolidarityNetworkDecade Against Impunity(Red to ofGuerrero, the state to visit official planned a to of theElCharcomassacre)wereharasseddaysprior document the violation of human rights of social activists his visittoGuerrero,wheretheywouldmeetwithSofía recording them. When leaving,theywerefollowed, ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org Despite thesituationofviolenceinGuerrero,thereare s with institutional profiles. For example, the State the example, For profiles. institutional with s CESAVEGRO FCH / CUH byitsSpanishacronym),which - 7 / T2 / 00295 / 1401 (Gilez, SENASICA 2014 by by ). was created.Ontheother hand,thereisaCoordinating (Coordinación Estatalpor laDefensadel Territorio) Opposing CommunitiestotheDam(ConsejodeEjidosy Comunidades OpositorasalaPresa, Numa GamaaSki Yu MePhaa Committee oftheSpaces for Analysis and participation from thehighmountainsofGuerrero(RedCampo, farming communities,throughtechnicalassistance,social links Phaa A.C. (MePhaauniverseorworld)isa activities forindigenousandmestizofarmingcommunities and shapedamovement,which,withthebackingof human and Farmers (Miel Solidaria y Campesina A.C., agricultural productionbyensuringthephytosanitary RI acronym) represent the voice of opposition to the official the to opposition of voice the represent acronym) in vulnerablesituations. The objectiveofthis its Spanishacronym)fortheoperationofphytosanitary incorporated, benefiting by itsSpanishacronym),whichsupportsagricultural been far-reaching. In the broadeningofdebateanddiscussiononsubject the introductionordispersionofpesticidesthatmayaffect stock limited-liabilitypartnership)ortheXuajinMe’ of HumanRights inGuerrero(Comité Coordinadorde the StateCoordinationfor theDefenseof Territory to Resistance(ForoPorlosCaminosdelaResistencia), their products. The NumaGamaaSki Yu MePhaa orientation, andeducationforproducingmarketing to helpovercometheeconomicunderdevelopmentof quality ofplantcrops( dam (Martínez, declarations regarding the alleged benefits of the La Parota has acommunitydevelopmentprogramwith rights organizations anddefendersoftheenvironment,has pineapple, coffee, chili, passion fruit and squash. Xuajin plants, their products and by-products, and thereby improve programs andcampaignswiththeobjectiveofpreventing Another exampleistheorganization HoneyforSolidarity de Organizations such as the Council of Ejidos and CV 320 Agricultural Cooperative (Cooperativa Agrícola Cooperative Agricultural familiesproducinghibiscus,beans,bananas, 2010 ). The presenceofthiscouncilallowed 2007 CESAVEGRO 1,600 , asaresultoftheForumforRoads Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa peoplefrom SC de , CECOP 2015 RI de ). 15 byitsSpanish CV communities 728 ) (variable CSO families MISOCA CSO 2016 SC that de de is is ).

Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues 19 18 figure that diverges from other from diverges that figure (Centro de Recuperación y Rehabilitación para Enfermos de Alcoholismo y Alcoholismo de Enfermos para yRehabilitación Recuperación de (Centro June 27,June 2014. Cultural Strengtheningthroughthedisseminationof Guerrero; ofHealthandNutrition;Communication de Recuperación y Rehabilitación para Enfermos de Alcoholismo y Drogadicción yDrogadicción Alcoholismo de Enfermos para yRehabilitación Recuperación de for theirage,genderorconditions. These los Espaciosde Análisis yParticipacióndelosDerechos and Rehabilitation for Alcoholics and Drug Addiction, Zone 1 Acapulco (Centro (Centro 1Acapulco Zone Addiction, Drug and for Alcoholics Rehabilitation and Humanos enGuerrero),sinceitsmembers Dissemination; ofSocialManagementwiththeFederal amount maybeinkind,casesrelatedtoagriculture, Environment andaSustainableDevelopmentthrough Rights; ofPermanent Training inStrategic Areas with agricultural andartisanalgoodsfromtheregion;of and StateGovernmentfortheintroductionofservices CIJ by its Spanish acronym), were awarded 300 thousand pesos; the Center Center the pesos; thousand 300 acronym), awarded were by Spanish its CIJ Guerrero A.C. Revive), received 330 thousand pesos (Quadratin Guerrero, 2014). Guerrero, A.C. (Quadratin Revive), pesos Guerrero 330 thousand received Adicciones para Revive (Sistema Integral Guerrero System for Addictions, in draftingthereportDiagnosisonsituationofhuman infrastructure; ofEducation;HumanandIndigenous for Recovery and Rehabilitation for Alcoholics and Drug Addiction Taxco Addiction Drug and for Alcoholics Rehabilitation and for Recovery Drogadicción A.C. Taxco), received 180 thousand pesos; the Center for Recovery for Recovery A.C. Taxco), Center the pesos; Drogadicción 180 received thousand music, dance,history, legends,traditionsandcustomsin them. These resources are not always financial; a large financial; always not are resources These them. of theiractionsdepend on the resources allocatedto of Guerrero,whichhaveacontroversialprofile. through productiveprojectssuchasmarketingof that focusonaddressingtheneedsofvulnerablegroups the objectiveofincreasinglydevelopself-generated derechos humanosenGuerrero). creation ofdevelopmentprograms,andthecontinuity Zona 1 A.C. Acapulco), was awarded 330 thousand pesos, and the Comprehensive Comprehensive the and pesos, 1 A.C. Acapulco),Zona 330 thousand awarded was capacity on communities; and finally other organizations other finally and communities; on capacity rights inGuerrero(Diagnósticosobrelasituacióndelos reforestation andpreservationofbiodiversity; Thus the Centers for Youth Integration (Centros de Integración Juvenil A.C., Juvenil Integración de (Centros for Youth Centers Integration the Thus Law published in the State Government Official Newspaper 51, on Friday, on 51, Newspaper Official Government State the in published Law The resources gathered by There alsoare CSO s thatproposeregionaldevelopment CSO CSO s that exist in the state s, have enabledthe CSO 17 collaborated s becomea “which willcarefortheland onceagain,becausewelive with the (Organización deCopreros Guerrero); Producersof (Representantes de Alianza CampesinadeGuerrero);New (Centro de Atención PrimariaContra las Adicciones) Tierra Caliente (Productoresde Tierra Caliente)and other Nieto. JesúsEscobedoRosales,representativeof the Congress (Congreso Agrario Permanente),whichsigned Montaña Alta yBaja);Organization Developmentfor farmer leaderswheretheyexpressed their supportto la UnidadCampesina)andintheStanding Agricultural High and Low Mountain Farmers (Campesinos de La Dawn Organization (Organización Nuevo Amanecer), Standing Agricultural CongressinGuerrero, askedthe State Health Secretary Lázaro Mazón Alonso led the PRI Representatives oftheFarmers’ Alliance ofGuerrero a politicalproclamationinthepresenceof affiliation, there are others that have pledged their havepledged that others are there affiliation, at theCenterforPrimaryCare Against Addictions in completepoverty”(Pluralismo Aguascalientes, in Chilpancingo, monetary resources,thesecanbedeliveredintheform of scholarships,ashappenedinFebruary that afflict the state of Guerrero, the role of thecivil of role the ofGuerrero, state the afflict that of the Farmers’ Union (Organización Democrática de organizations grouped in the DemocraticOrganization the LandOrganization (Organización Desarrollopara support foracandidateorparty, suchis the caseof since theyfacetighteconomicrestrictions. the then the farmers’ demands to the presidential candidate: “a delivery of grants to institutionsresponsible for providing different governmentfromthatofthe previous care topeoplewithdrugaddictions.Intheeventheld helping peoplesuffering fromdrugaddictionproblems, el Campo);Organization ofCopra Workers ofGuerrero providing seedsortoolsforseedingoperations. As for Although thereareorganizations withnoparty Faced withtheinability to solve alltheproblems nationalleadertobethespokespersonpresent PRI PAN candidateforthepresidency, EnriquePeña , anopen-doorgovernment”,hesaid, CSO ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 s’ workwasacknowledgedfor 2014 18 20 , whenthe Guerrero 12 years 2012 ). 107 Espacios + 108

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + was proposed in 2012 and was approved in April 2014. April in 2012 approved was in and proposed was financial and administrative supports; to receive donations and contributions, in andtocontributions, receive donations supports; andadministrative financial organized way in the development of the entity. It should be noted that this Law this that entity. development noted of way be the the It should in organized the in trust and credibility standing, professional their help strengthen to order eyes of the population. This law is intended for society to participate in a more amore in participate to for society law intended is This eyes population. of the and to receive advisory, training and collaboration from agencies and entities entities and agencies from collaboration and advisory, training receive to and [email protected] State. Available at: http://www.guerrero.gob.mx/consejeriajuridicaconsejeria_ 22 21 20 for better compliance of its objective and activities within the framework of framework the within activities and objective of its compliance for better treaties or conventions international from deriving organizations the from terms of tax provisions and other applicable regulations; to access the benefits benefits the access to regulations; applicable other and provisions tax of terms population, the important work carried out by civil society organizations, in in organizations, society by out civil work carried important the population, programs drafted by such agencies and entities, among other benefits. other among entities, and by agencies such drafted programs This registration allows the to organizations enjoy of fiscalincentives and other Law No. 458 to Promote Civil Society Organizations in the Guerrero Guerrero the in Organizations Society Civil Law No. 458 Promote to This Law sought to establish mechanisms to disseminate among the the among disseminate to mechanisms establish to Law sought This Organizations, whichisanauthoritycreatedbythe In addition to the above, Guerrero hasan Act to promote government tochanneldemandsoftheformerandhelp Civil SocietyOrganizations, which consistsof omsin Cmsó d Dsrol Sca) filed Social), Desarrollo de (Comisión Commission Guerrero, DeputyJulietaFernándezMárquez,presented Guerrero. Subsequently, on April Honorable CongressoftheFreeandSovereignState Promote CivilSocietyOrganizations intheStateof Federal Law for the Promotion of Activities carried out Revolutionary PartyoftheSixtiethLegislatureand and fivetransitionalarticlesgroupedinsixchapters. in theStateofGuerrero. by CivilSocietyOrganizations, anditsmainfunctionis become a conduit of interactions between society and the before the Office of the Mayor of that sovereign entity, sovereign that of Mayor the of Office the before before thePlenarySitting,RulingwithaBillto to assignorganizations aSingleRegistrationCode(Clave society andthe of theParliamentaryFractionInstitutional the LawforPromotionofCivilSocietyOrganizations provide solutionsforthediverseproblemsinstate. ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org There is a Federal Archive of Civil Society On April 3 , 2012 CSO , membersoftheSocialDevelopment s isofutmostimportance, since they 20 7 , 2012 , asamember 31 articles 19 Autoridades Comunitarias, was born,consistingof around onethousandelements worsened bypublicauthoritiestooweaktocounterit,gave with it,therighttoaccesspublicsupportandincentives, Única deInscripción, Organizations indifferent areasisextremelyimportantand government ofGuerrero,sotheRegionalCoordination 81 los Bravo,withmorethan are knownas Community Police (Policías Comunitarias), as tokeepresourcesgranted and theleveloftrustinthembymakingusethese in regionalviolence. Their creationwasapprovedbythe been abletoachieve. This collectiveworkhasfostered mainly onafederallevel. municipalities of Acapulco deJuárezandChilpancingo between thestatepublicadministrationand to combat organized crime, the Union of Peoples and they apparentlyoriginatedin the limitsoflaw, hasgivenanunhelpfulimage,and own hands in communities of CostaChicaandLa Montaña the economicdevelopmentofcommunitiesthatmake state, anactionwhich,historically, thestateitselfhasnot of lifeforthedifferent regionsofthestate,supposingthey of Community Authorities (CoordinaciónRegionalde distributed intwelvemunicipalities. contributes tothecollectivegood,bettingonabetterquality has harmedtheiractivistefforts. These civiliangroups up the have widespreadsupport,sincetheyworktotransformthe regions. Their wayofoperating,consideredradicalandat rise tocivilgroups who decidedto take justiceintotheir registered inthestateofGuerrero,distributed in resources public. personal benefit and to improve the quality of transparency pertinent tohavealawthatregulatestherelationship municipalitiesofthestate,concentratedmainlyin The longcrisisofinsecurityinthestateGuerrero, In thiscontext,theworkcarriedoutbyCivilSociety Given the ineptitude of the government and police force 81 municipalitiesinthestateofGuerrero;itisstill 22 CLUNI Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa 100 CRAC 21 Ass of Ass byitsSpanishacronym)and

CSO 1995 CSO byitsSpanishacronym) s ineachmunicipality. , inresponsetoarise s frombeingusedfor 2017 , 670

CSO CSO 58 ofthe s are s, so Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues “social groupswhichwereveryactiveinthatstateduring y Organizaciones delEstadodeGuerrero, web newsportal,whichpublishedanarticlestatingthat with whose objectiveistosupporttheindigenousandfarmer was concentratedmainlyinruralareaswherethepeople (Colectivo Contra la Tortura y la Impunidad, Juárez HumanRightsCenter(CentrodeDerechosHumanos 2013 Organizations oftheStateGuerrero(UnióndePueblos Miguel Agustín Pro Juárez, Centro Prodh) confirmed its confirmed Prodh) Centro Juárez, Pro Agustín Miguel Spanish acronym)beforethecriminalizationthattook Spanish acronym) took as its standard, the fight against fight the standard, its as took acronym) Spanish access official information that refers to theproblems to refers that information official access achievements ofthe institutional profile. To achieve the objective offorming objective the achieve To profile. institutional in the political and social scope, specifically concerning specifically scope, social and political the in but thatofboththestateandfederalgovernments.Inthis support fortheCollective Against Torture andImpunity through interviewswith specialists whoworktogether occurred onJanuary subsequently; wewillcarryoutananalysis oftheirsituation. the operationsof saying thatthereisnolinkwithguerrillaorganizations on state” ( or membersofvariousinsurgent groupsoperatinginthe space, andhowtheylinkwiththe organizations, andtoobservetheirimpactonthepublic scenario, thequestionremainsastofutureofthese the detainees. The presenceofthesearmedcivilgroups this typeofcorruptionandcreatedapopularcourttotry diagnosis, thecontentof thisarticlewascorroborated communities ( have oftenbeencriminalized,suchastheeventthat have assumed,necessarily, functionsthatarenottheirduty, either stateornationallevel. place onJanuary7,throughtheelectronicMilenio.com police) were counseled and infiltrated by guerrilla groups guerrilla by infiltrated and counseled were police) The Due to the characteristics of the state, it is difficult to difficult is it state, the of characteristics the to Due , (suchastheteachermovementand community CSO CSOs SIDIDH s inGuerrero. The remarkableactivitiesand faceacredibilityproblem,sincetheiractivities CIDAC , 2014 CSO 13 , ). The CSO 2013 , 2014 s, particularlythosewithanon- ). s arepointedoutinthis work, CCTI , whentheMiguel Agustín Pro refutedthemediaarticle, CSO s, mainlywiththose UPOEG CCTI byits by its government authorities in thestate, as well as police force. Guerrero duringthelastcentury, wecan understandthe from different fronts,andwheredifferent scenariosare Still, wecannotsaythatitisanimpossibleprocess. articulated. Inahistorical accountofthesituation are victimsofaggression,intimidationandinthemost flc scey atog, oiiain hv longbeen have mobilizations although, society, afflict identifies the majority of majority the identifies in somecases,whentheirrepresentativesormembers by lawfulandlegalmeans,atleastintheseconditions. movements, and indigenous,farmer, environmental and networks that transformed their actions and resistance in a brawls, whereeachorganized group facedtheirproblems that the problems to response first the is mobilization these circumstancesarethecauseoftheirdissolution of organizations whichpresentoriginalforms ofstruggle to and some degreeoveroptimistic,tocontemplatethatsocial difficult, is it that mention actors the of some state ledtothecreationof state where economic inequality andaclimate of violence of mosttheseorganized groupsledthemtoestablish on its own. However, the common themes in the demands spread across a wide area, creating an image of small of inoperability and inefficiency the crime, organized state caused by widespread violence, the presence of heading towardsanendinthenearfuture. have become endemic situations that do notseemtobe human rightsmovements, these arethemostcommon extreme cases,forceddisappearances.Consequently, examples. There isaprogressiveeconomiccrisisinthe present andexplain whytoday, the problems experienced in the region, and at the same time, problems facedinthestateofGuerrero,couldbesolved The available information from the state of Guerrero The longhistoryofresistanceenabledtheappearance The paradoxisthatcircumstancessurroundingthe Given thecharacteristics of thestateGuerrero,social Comprehensive Review ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 CSO CSO s asaresultofsocial s toaddressthevarious CSO s ofthatstate have 109 Espacios + 110

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + (CONEVAL, 2010). (CONEVAL, water while in Guerrero the figure goes up to a little more than a million people people million a than more little a to up goes figure the Guerrero in while water only 1 per cent of the population in Mexico City. In other words, in Mexico City City Mexico words, City. in Mexico in other In population of the cent 1per only to compared service water have not drinking does Guerrero in population of the a house without toilet or sewage service, in Guerrero there are a little more than than more alittle are there Guerrero in sewage or service, toilet without a house 660,000 people that live in these conditions. Moreover, approximately a third part part athird Moreover, conditions. approximately these live in that people 660,000 23 there are approximately 150 thousand people who live in a house without drinking drinking without ahouse who live in people 150 thousand approximately are there “Dirty War”, this confidence deteriorated enormously, deteriorated confidence this War”, “Dirty While in Mexico City there are only approximately 7,000 people that live in live in that people 7,000 approximately only are there City Mexico in While violations oftheinhabitantsstateGuerrero,as violations oftheirhumanrights.Inordertorestore well asoftheirsocialfighters. CSO focused ontheeconomicaspectsandhumanrights action. Inthisway, itisclearthatthe aimed atcounteractinggovernmentactions.Guerrero are onasmallerscale,quitethecontrary, theyare an operationscenter, althoughtheyhavepointedout active participationwithothernationaland international addition, theyfollowuponthecasesandestablishan indigenous groupsstrugglemainlytoclaimgovernment motivated byguerrillamovements,andwithdemands not adequateforthem. of eachthemareanalyzedseparatingbyareas of they say in their discourse. Their interests in that field that in interests Their discourse. their in say they is what that atleast, or policies, public influencing or specific traits, emerging as social movements, driven or driven movements, social as emerging traits, specific support intheformofsubsidies,witha permanent dispute organizations andinstitutions. and ondenouncing worked have they confidence, this since peopleofdifferent areassuffered systematic society´s confidence in relation to justice. Because of the do nothaveapriorityofbeinglinkedtothegovernment repeatedly thattheresourcesandspacestheyhaveare raising awarenessonthoseresponsibleforjustice;in ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org The Taking stockofthework One ofthecentraltasks s have well-defined objectives, work strategies and strategies work objectives, well-defined have s CSO s in Guerrero, because of their characteristics, CSO CSO s isthatofrestoring s, theachievements CSO s endorsedby Assembly, anduntil April (Un programaporlatierraguerrerense),relevantforthe justice, theyareaccountablebeforetheCommunity for theirsolerighttodecideontheuseandexploitationof aof diagnosis attention itgarnered. They createdanawareness-raising a documentcalled A programforthelandofGuerrero assert their autonomy, exploiting specific forms of social of forms specific exploiting autonomy, their assert “commodification the consider they what oppose actions arise thatcould beansweredthroughout thisresearch. affect theircommunities. They areresponsibleforensuring is anexampleoftheworkdonetosolveproblemsthat networks. They articulate networks. They by proposed to analyze the work carried out methodology beyond itslocalscope,allowingregionalandinternational mobilization. necessary to production. They aremadeupofcooperationandsupport society; thepolitical-cultural capitalof since theyusedinformationtechnologiestopublicize of naturalresources”,thusundertakingastruggleto the naturalresourcesinstateofGuerrero.Mosttheir their analysis.Basedonthis methodology, somequestions of peoplethanthosethatareparturbanunions. They community policemen. campaign andpromotedanactionplanthatreached far communities and carry outtheirplantingtasks,andtohavethebasicservices have alsoplayedanimportantroleinthestateofGuerrero, relationship thatexists between stateandorganized peers toparticipate. political identities;andthe theoriesormethodsusedfor petition, amongotherthings,theresourcestheyneedto The The objectiveof this research work is topresent The CommunityPolice,consistingofindigenous On theotherhand,farmers’ organizations arededicated CSO CSO s considersfourguidingaxes:thecooperative 23 s thatemerged fromenvironmentalmovements fortheiragriculturalwork. CSO 10 municipalities,withatotalof s in the state of Guerrero. The Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa 2008 CSO , theywerepresentin s withalarger number CSO s; their CSO 700 72 s, s,

Diagnosis forCivilSocietyOrganizations inthestate of Guerrero: theircontributiontosocialissues whose objectivesandidentitymadethemstandoutfromtherestwereobserved,examplesbeing The results of our fieldwork indicate that there is little connection between the government and government the between connection little is there that indicate fieldwork our of results The The foundationsofdevelopmentacivilsociety, establishedin These typesof Guerrero for decades, have brought about new forms of struggle, organization and action that make it possibleto fulfillment of its functions. This is a historical reference for the study of political culture and all that it encompasses. it that all and culture political of study the for reference historical a is This functions. its of fulfillment in the process, progressandsetbacks.However, their impact on their communities is irrefutable, because they leave indigenous peoplesandfarmers,thatsupportthedefenseofhumanrightsprotection environment. breadth duetotheheterogeneousnatureofcases. to someextentcompetition. to that theirfieldofactionhasexpandedbycommunicatingthroughelectronicand therefore, specific investigations should be dedicated to each case or activity. In the research process, some process, research the In activity. or case each to dedicated be should investigations specific therefore, through publicationonsocialnetworks. support, whichsuggeststhatthislinkbetweenthegovernmentand that theysuffer fromalackofresourcestocarryouttheirwork,pointingthattheyhavelittleornogovernment decreed after strong pressurewasexerted on thegovernment. Beforetheeventsof Ayotzinapa, the idea of disappearance of cannot be defined, in view of the absence of official data or evidence to account for it. However, it is possible to observe confront problemsandsocialunderdevelopment, toachievebetterlivingconditions. evidence of how far they can reach to achieve their goals. The analysis of enabled them to cross local and national barriers, thus achieving new processes of mobilization or reconfiguration or mobilization of processes new achieving thus barriers, national and local cross to them enabled powers inthestatehadalready beenraised,however,resumed. Compared aftertheevent,discussionofissuewas perception ofthepopulation,whichisassumedasalegalentity, capableofclaiminganddemandingfromtheState The particular conflicts of the state have had an impact on participation and organization processes, transforming the It isimportanttohighlightthatstudieson In Cooperation betweenthegovernmentand Stated briefly, Stated CSO 1961 s fromotherstates,inGuerrero,therelationship with political parties isminimal. Its scopeisthereforeless,and , it was ascertained how far civil society can influence political processes, when the disappearance of powers was CSO CSO s formnetworkswithCoordinators,Councils, Associations and Assemblies. Their workhas s are groups ofactive citizens whoseekto participate in public life. Their actions can comprise, CSO CSO s isatenseandundesirablerelationshipinthestateofGuerrero. s shouldconsiderthattheyarenotstandardizedstructures,and CSO CSO s, andtheeventsthathaveshapedstateof CSO s ismorearelationshipofobstruction,and s in the state of Guerrero, requires a greater IT resources. ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 CSO CSO s. CSO s thatassist s argue CSO s 111 Espacios + 112

ET 5/9 julio-diciembre 2017 Espacios + TOURAINE, Alan (1987). Actores sociales ysistemaspolíticosen América Latina.Chile:ProgramaRegionaldelEm ARANDA FLORES, Antonio (1979).Loscívicosguerrerenses.México:LuysildeMéxico. SOTELO P., Antonio (1991).Brevehistoriadela Asociación CívicaGuerrerense,jefaturadaporGenaroVázquez Ro QUINTERO R.,DulceMaríayRosalíoWences (2005).LosmovimientossocialesenGuerreroladefensadesus QUINTERO R.,DulceMaría(2010).Ladifícilluchaporladefensadelosbosquesguerreroatravés sociedad QUINTERO R.,DulceMaría(2002).JoséFranciscoRuizMassieuyelperiodismoenGuerrero.México:Gobierno del ISSN:2007-9729 URL:www.espaciostransnacionales.org LEÓN PÉREZ, Alfonso (2010).LasorganizacionescivilesenMéxico.Sucontribuciónlademocratizacióndelespa LARROSA HARO,Manueletal[coords](2008).EleccionesypartidospolíticosenMéxico2006.México:UAM. MEYER, Lorenzo(1997).Elliberalismoautoritariomexicano.México:Océano. LOAEZA, S.yPRUD’HOMME,J.F. (Coords.)(2010).Institucionesyprocesospolíticos.México:ElColegiodeMéxi cio público.México:UAM. civil organizada.En:RevistadeDerechosHumanosyEstudiosSociales, Año II,No.4,julio-diciembre. co. Estado deGuerrero. derechos humanos,enRosalíoWences etal.(coords.),Problemáticaterritorialyambientalen eldesarrolloregio jas. México:Universidad Autónoma deGuerrero.Instituto InvestigacionesCientíficas. pleo para América Latina(PREALC). nal, México: AMECIDER, UAGRO,ININEE. Bibliografia Alfonso León/ManuelLarrosa - - - - -