The University of Sydney School of Physics Annual Report 2006 Contents

1 HEAD OF SCHOOL REPORT 2 TEACHING HIGHLIGHTS 3 PRIZES & SCHOLARSHIPS 4 OUTREACH REPORT 5 HONOURS REPORT 5 STAFF AWARDS 6 SCIENCE FOUNDATION FOR PHYSICS

The 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope observing the daylight sky for measuring the 5-minute oscillations in the scattered spectrum of the Sun. 8 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS 9 APPLIED AND PLASMA PHYSICS 10 BRAIN DYNAMICS GROUP 12 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS (INSTITUTE OF ASTRONOMY) 14 THE CENTRE FOR ULTRAHIGH BANDWITH DEVICE OPTICAL SYSTEMS (CUDOS) 15 COMPLEX SYSTEMS 17 CONDENSED MATTER THEORY 19 ASTEROSEISMOLOGY GROUP 19 HIGH ENERGY 20 INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL PHYSICS 21 QUANTUM INFORMATION THEORY 21 SYDNEY UNIVERSITY PHYSICS EDUCATION RESEARCH (SUPER)

© The School of Physics, The University of Sydney 2006. All rights reserved. 22 OVERVIEW OF PUBLICATIONS Head of School's Report

BRIAN JAMES ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR, PHYSICS HEAD OF SCHOOL

BY ANY MEASURE 2006 HAS BEEN an outstanding year for This is also a good time to be successful with competitive the School. The fact that, in addition to about 20 teaching and grants and fellowships as the Research Quality Framework research academic staff, there are nearly 80 research-only assessment due to take place in 2008. Projects and academic staff and more than 100 postgraduate students infrastructure grants of more than $10 million were awarded to undertaking research degrees, mostly PhDs. is testimony to staff members via ARC and NH&MRC competitive grants our strong research culture. There are about 20 students in under several different schemes. the Medical Physics postgraduate coursework program, and nearly 1000 undergraduate students studying physics, With many new staff there has been increasing pressure on including 25 honours students. It is very pleasing that our infrastructure. In preparation for the rationalisation of the numbers remains strong and that the student learning Science Libraries to form a new SciTech library in 2008, the experience is continuing to be tested and improved. A feature Physics library was amalgamated with the Chemistry, of our research success is that we are able to incorporate Biochemistry and Geosciences libraries in the Madsen research experiences at all levels of the undergraduate Building. The floor in the Annexe vacated by the library has program, via the talented student program, senior physics been approved for redevelopment as office space, to be special projects and, of course, honours projects. The pursuit completed in 2007. of excellence in teaching and research is the essence of the School’s strategic goal. This year saw another successful Science Teachers’ Workshop, in July, and a strong effort of outreach for high Awards to our staff and students are another measure of school students under the Kickstart program. Elsewhere in success. In 2006, Professor Ben Eggleton was awarded the this report is our list of Scholarship and Prizewinners for 2006. Pawsey Medal (for outstanding research in Physics in Australia Again, we have had an excellent cohort in the Talented by a scientist less than 40 years of age), and Alex Argyros was Student Program and a strong group of outstanding students awarded the Bragg Medal (for best physics PhD thesis). Both who have won awards from the Faculty of Science as well as are prestigious national awards by the Australian Institute of being recipients of Physics awards. Physics. The Charlene Heisler Prize for best PhD on an astronomical topic was won by Michael Ireland. A Carrick The newly appointed external advisory board met twice in Award for Excellence in Teaching was presented to Dr Manjula 2006 and provided excellent advice and suggestions on Sharma and Dr John O’Byrne received the Harry Messel Award strategic directions for the School. While the School is seen to for Excellence in recognition of his contributions to the School, be progressing well overall, it is clear that links with industry particularly in relating to teaching and outreach. Also, Emeritus and industry experience opportunities for students need Professor Bernard Mills was awarded the 2006 Reber Medal for further development. his outstanding contribution to radio astronomy. 2006 marks the last year of my four-year term as Head of The School has continued to be stunningly successful in its School. I inherited a School in excellent shape, and was research activities. We now have five ARC Federation Fellows fortunate to be Head at a time when the School (Professors Marcela Bilek, Ben Eggleton, Bryan Gaensler, unambiguously asserted its leading position in Australian Peter Robinson and Catherine Stampfl), five ARC Professorial Physics. For this opportunity I put on record my gratitude to Fellows (Professor Iver Cairns, Ross McPhedran, Don staff and students, for their support. Finally, with my best Melrose, Elaine Sadler, Sergey Vladimirov) and four QEII wishes for the future, I hand over to the next Head of School, Fellows (Drs Scott Croom, Andrew Hopkins, Kostya Ostrikov, Associate Professor Anne Green. Peter Tuthill), which is a wonderfully impressive record. Also, at the end 2006 we heard that Alex Samarian has been awarded a QE II fellowship, and Peter Tuthill a second fellowship, both to commence next year. The School welcomed Dr Boris Kuhlmey to a continuing lectureship in photonics, which he has deferred until his present fellowship finishes. This year also marked the retirement of Paul Ferguson, who looked after lecture demonstrations for the School for almost 14 years.

ARC Federation Fellows (L to R), Professors Ben Eggleton, Marcela Bilek, Catherine Stampfl and Bryan Gaensler

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 1 Teaching Report 2006

PROFESSOR RICHARD (DICK) HUNSTEAD CHAIR, ACADEMIC PROGRAMS COMMITTEE

Undergraduate student numbers in 2006 showed a small but Honours Students: A record 25 students completed honours sustained overall growth, with particularly significant increases in 2006, with three receiving the University medal: Christine in the higher years. Numbers in each year, averaged over the Lindstrom, Jamie Vahn and Myles Cover. The Australian Institute two semesters and counting just the mainstream physics of Physics (NSW Branch) prize and the Shiroki Prize for the best courses, were as follows: honours project both went to Christine Lindstrom.

Talented Student Program : As in previous years, research Junior 690 groups across the School offered mini projects in second semester to Junior and Intermediate students in the Talented Intermediate 135 Student Program. The response was phenomenal, with 44 students doing project work in place of part of their laboratory Senior 68 course. Staff were especially impressed with the high standard of the student talks and reports. Many of the TSP students Honours 25 continued with their research projects as summer vacation scholars leading, in several cases, to joint authorship on journal Junior physics: The web-based tutorial and assignment publications. scheme known as Mastering Physics has been well received by first year students. This scheme, developed by Pearson Education in conjunction with their Physics textbook, was trialled in 2004 and adopted more widely in 2005 and 2006. There are plans to extend it further in 2007 to include the first year astronomy course.

Intermediate physics: 2006 was the second year of the new 6 credit point structure for Intermediate Physics, with one 6CP unit in first semester and two in second semester, one of which is optional. Student satisfaction with this new structure is very high, especially the strong links between the lecture courses and computational labs in optics and quantum physics.

Senior Physics: Introduction of the 6CP system to Senior Physics in 2006 went smoothly, with students liking the flexibility of subject choices. A record number of 50 students did special projects with research groups in the School as part of their senior assessment.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 2 Prizes and Scholarships 2006

The following students were awarded SENIOR PHYSICS AWARDS TO prizes or scholarships in 2006 based on Deas-Thomson Scholarship their academic achievements in 2005. Christine Lindstrom POSTGRADUATE STUDENTS UNDERGRADUATE The Walter Burfitt Scholarship No 2 for Physics Australian Institute of Physics 2006 JUNIOR PHYSICS Jamie Vahn Bragg Medal for the best PhD thesis in Physics Levey Scholarship No 1 for Physics Alex Argyros (OFTC, for his thesis Aaron Hayward School of Physics–Julius Sumner Miller Scholarship No 3 entitled "Bragg Reflection and Bandgaps in Microstructured Optical School of Physics–Julius Sumner Jamie Vahn Fibres") Miller Scholarship No 1 Po Chia Chen Andrew Darmawan Student Presentation Prize at the Elie Matar Science Foundation for Physics Scholarship No 3 Annual Scientific Meeting of the Astronomical Society of Australia School of Physics Outstanding Daniel Yardley Julian North (Institute of Astronomy) Achievement Scholarship Michelle Rigozzi Cameron Cuthbert Kevin Aquino Therese Au NSW Australian Institute of Physics Postgraduate Prize for a PhD Science Foundation for Physics Dean Hillan & Myles Cover (shared) student in the last stage of their Scholarship No 1 degree, based on content and Joel Wallman The WIB Smith Prize scientific quality, clarity and Thomas Chung Christine Lindstrom presentation skills. Matthew Nichols Vahid Ta'eed (CUDOS) Harrison Swift The Malcolm Turki Memorial Karrnan Pathmanandavel Scholarship Dean Hillan & Myles Cover (shared) 2006 Australasia Dupont Innovation Award Category (Tertiary student) Smith Prize in Experimental Physics Alex Argyros (OFTC, for his work on Laurence Field HONOURS Shiroki Prize for the Best Honours hollow-core optical fibres) Sky and Space Prize for Astronomy Project in Physics Lent Johnson Dane Austin

INTERMEDIATE PHYSICS Australian Institute of Physics (NSW School of Physics–Julius Sumner Branch) Prize Miller Scholarship No 2 James Roberts & Matthew Verdon Lisa Torlina (shared) Benjamin Fulcher Henry Chamberlain Russell Prize in Science Foundation for Physics Astronomy Scholarship No 2 Luke Barnes & Berian James (shared) Jonathan Sun Thomas Grujic Sahan Dasanayaka Juliana Kwan Rahmi Jackson Aaron Yap

The Slade Prize for Practical Physics Lisa Torlina

The Geoffrey Builder-AWA Prize Scott Jones

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 3 Outreach Report 2006

DR PHIL DOOLEY OUTREACH OFFICER, SCHOOL OF PHYSICS

2006 saw the School of Physics’ outreach activities grow strongly, with existing programs being refined and new programs being added, involving a range of staff students and visitors. In the second half of the year outreach in the school was boosted by the addition of Alison Muir, community relations manager for the foundation, who worked on School outreach programs one day a week.

The flagship of outreach continued to be the Kickstart program, which grew from around 1300 students in 2005 to over 2000 students in 2006. The number of workshops doubled in 2007, showing an increase in the number of small classes visiting Kickstart. Many of these classes were in regional areas, which took advantage of Kickstart's first forays outside the campus. In concert with the Foundation's Science Teacher's Workshop, a team of demonstrators packed the Kickstart equipment into boxes and travelled to Wagga Wagga Christian College in July and UNE, Armidale in August for two days of experimental fun with the local schools. The reception was rapturous and received attention from local TV and newspapers as well as attracting schools from up to four hours drive from the venues. In addition to the increased numbers, the demonstrator training procedure was improved and formalised, and an additional module was developed covering the Quanta to Quarks option of the syllabus.

The school hosted a number of public talks throughout the year, many of them performed by visitors to the school as part of their Denison Distinguished visitor grant. Visitors Profs Hynek Biederman (Plasma), Tom Brown (Cudos), and Ian Craig (Theoretical Astrophysics) attracted audiences of up to 100 each from within and outside the campus. Dr Kinwah Wu (Astro) also ran mini-research projects for 3 pairs of high Secondary school students experience physics first hand with Kickstart at the school students during his visit. School of Physics

The school initiated a new regular public talk as part of a science week, describing the previous year's Nobel Prize for Physics. The talk is jointly supported by the school and the AIP and is delivered at regional NSW universities, as well as on the campus at the University of Sydney. This year, the inaugural talk was delivered in Science Week at the Eastern Ave Lecture Theatre by Dr Steve Bartlett, entitled “New Light on Quantum Optics” describing the 2005 Nobel prize awarded to Glauber, Hall and Hänsch. Steve delivered his talk in Newcastle and Wollongong as well on the University of Sydney campus, where it attracted over a hundred attendees.

Another new venture involved hosting Newcastle University’s Science and Engineering challenge in June. In partnership with Belrose Rotary we hosted around 110 year 10 students from eight schools who competed across activities ranging from building buggies to optimising electricity supply loads.

As well as the new programs, the school continued to support the existing science faculty programs such as Gifted and Talented Discovery Day (April topic, Heat and Energy: Ned

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 4 Ekins-Daukes and Optics: Tom Brown from Rochester In October Phil Dooley attended the Frontiers in Optics University. July Topic: Radioactivity). We also took part in conference organized by the Optical Society of America, to University-wide programs: Degree in a Day (Physics of the take part in the outreach component Educators Day. While in Stars) Smith Family Experience Uni Day (Full-body Physics) as the region he also visited a number of other institutions, well as Info Day in January and Sydney Uni Live in August, at meeting with outreach staff from Perimeter Institute, Harvard, which we provided academics to staff a booth and students Princeton, Cornell, American Museum of Natural History, staffing hands on demos. Additionally we were involved in Columbia University and the Ontario Science Centre. broader programs such as Science in the City (Physics Air show for primary schoolers), Science in the Suburbs In December, following the release of the report into nuclear (Electricity and magnetism for high schoolers) and Siemens power, the School organised a forum on nuclear power as Science Experience (Forensic physics) Science EXPOsed one of the University’s “Sydney Ideas” forums. Manfred (booth) and the CSIRO student research placements. Lenzen and Chris Dey participated as panel members, and Clive Baldock, the convenor of the new Masters of Nuclear In June the Foundation ran its biennial Science Teachers Science program at the School, introduced the forum, Workshop, which involved a number of staff from the school. which was facilitated by Phillip Adams, and broadcast on Joe Khachan, Clive Baldock and Phil Dooley all contributed ABC radio. sessions, and Clive and Phil also attended the Science Teachers Workshops on the road in Wagga Wagga and Armidale. Staff In addition to the formal programs, many staff gave talks to from the school also took part in the foundations Primary schools and amateur groups, and gave courses through Mentoring program which was piloted in 2006. Centre for Continuing Education and Easter Suburbs Community College and we hosted 4 work experience Following the success of the 2005 and 2006 calendars we set students during the year. We also formalised our protocol for out to continue the tradition for 2007, although to add a new responding to public enquiries to ensure that enquiries were dimension we struck up a partnership with the Sydney vetted properly and serious questions were followed up and College of the Arts. Photography masters students spent a answered appropriately. A number of these enquiries were day in the school with staff absorbing the atmosphere, from members of the press and led to numerous TV, radio producing a striking set of images for the 2007 calendar. and newspaper appearances for our staff.

Honours Overview Other Awards to 2006 Present or Past DR STEPHEN BARTLETT Members of Staff HONOURS COORDINATOR

The Honours class has continued to grow, with a record 21 The 2006 Grote Reber medal, awarded annually for students completing in 2006. This number is more than innovative lifetime contributions to radio astronomy. It double the class size of just two years ago. commemorates the pioneering work of Grote Reber, the first radio astronomer. Our graduands performed extremely well, with the number of First Class Honours also a record. Three students were Emeritus Professor Bernard Mills, in recognition of his awarded the University medal: Christine Lindstrom, Jamie numerous innovative and pioneering contributions to radio Vahn, and Myles Cover. Christine was awarded both the AIP astronomy. prize, and the Shiroki Prize for Best Honours Project in Physics; we are all very pleased that Christine has chosen to continue her study here at Sydney towards a PhD in Physics Education Research. The Henry Chamberlain Russell Prize in Astronomy was shared by Madhura Killedar and Dean Hillan.

The successes of this talented Honours year, as well as their obvious enthusiasm for physics research across all areas, provide a great source of encouragement for future students. Given the large and sustained numbers of students doing Senior Physics, I look forward to reporting a similar story of growth and achievement in future Honours years.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 5 The Science Foundation for Physics

In 1954 Professor Harry Messel established the Science Foundation for Physics as the Nuclear Research Foundation. The first of its kind not only within the University of Sydney but also within the British Commonwealth, the Foundation was formed as a voluntary philanthropic association of individuals and public and private organisations dedicated to the pursuit of excellence in science education and research.

Although there have been minor changes, today’s aims are consistent with the overall objectives of the Foundation from its inception. The aims are: • to promote, foster, develop and assist the teaching and research work of the School of Physics within the University • to co-operate with the School of Physics to promote the significance of science and develop an understanding of its importance, both within Australia and internationally.

To further these aims the Foundation will undertake the following activities: • raise funds from fees, donations, bequests and sponsorships • build a strong financial position to ensure than it can continue to meet its aims in the long term • provide funding to support appointments in the School of Physics • provide grants to the School for the purchase of plant, equipment, and materials to support the work of the School of Physics • promote seminars, courses and workshops in the field of Physics In 1956 Professor Harry Messel had the vision to bring • assist the University to acquire and turn to account patents, computing to the University of Sydney’s School of Physics, patent rights or inventions, copyright designs, trade-marks and the School’s first computer was SILLIAC, the first or secret processes computer built within an Australian university. Harry’s vision • encourage senior secondary students to consider science and the history of IT in Australia were celebrated in September as an exciting and rewarding choice through the Professor with the University’s ICT Pioneers and Leaders Symposium Harry Messel International Science Schools and the SILLIAC 50th Anniversary celebrations. The • support the work of high school physics teachers in NSW and the ACT through regular in-service training

2006 Report This year the Foundation was able to provide funding for several School projects and initiatives, scholarships and staff positions, and we work hard to ensure we continue to provide that valuable support.

2006 began with the announcement that Professor Harry Messel had been awarded a Companion of the Order of Australia (AC) in the 2006 Australia Day Honours, for his service to science and education in Australia. The Julius Sumner Miller Fellow, Dr Karl Kruszelnicki, was also honoured as member of the Order of Australia (AM), for his dedication to communicating science to the public.

The official opening of SILLIAC 12 September 1956, Sir John Northcott switches on SILLIAC watched by Professor Harry Messel and the Chancellor, Sir Charles Blackburn Top: Barry de Feranti working on SILLIAC

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 6 Foundation and the School hosted a reunion of engineers, operators and users of SILLIAC, and a gala dinner for 300 guests in beautiful MacLaurin Hall. We also launched John Deane’s book, “SILLIAC: Vacuum Tube Supercomputer” and created a DVD devoted to the story of SILLIAC and early Australian computing. The celebrations resulted in an outpouring of enthusiasm and support from countless alumni, friends and old colleagues, and the event was a proud moment for the Foundation and the School. Mr Barry de Ferranti, Chair of the ICT Pioneers and Leaders Organising Committee, Mr Albert Wong, who chaired the SILLIAC Celebration Committee, both worked tirelessly with the Foundation’s Ms Alison Muir to reengage with SILLIAC pioneers, raise funds, generate publicity and awareness for this very successful event.

The Foundation and the School organised the 12th biennial Science Teachers Workshop (STW) for physics teachers from NSW and the ACT, with over 120 in attendance at the Sydney event. The Workshop also travelled to Wagga Wagga and Hovercraft in action, Science Teachers Workshop 2006 Armidale, ensuring teachers in remote areas had access to this valuable program. STW06 was titled “Reignite your Excitement” and, from the effusive feedback received from teachers from across the state, it lived up to that promise. Fundraising to support the ISS has always been a high priority Other new and exciting initiatives for the Foundation this year for the Foundation. In recent years we have focussed our included assisting the School of Physics to take the Kickstart attention on raising sufficient capital to run the ISS in outreach program ‘on the road’ with the Science Teachers’ perpetuity through the Messel Endowment Capital Campaign, Workshop, and two collaborative programs aiming to improve chaired by Foundation Deputy President Mr John Hooke. At science education in primary schools. the end of 2006, thanks to ongoing support from the Federal and NSW governments, Mulpha Australia Ltd and numerous The Foundation and the School of Physics are preparing for other donors, the Foundation will be able to wind up the the 34th Professor Harry Messel International Science School Campaign with the future of the International Science School (ISS) in July 2007. Given the growing concern in our society viable in the long term. about global warming and climate change, it is fitting that ISS2007 has the title of ‘EcoScience’, focussing on research This year brought some new faces to the Foundation Council, into our environment and the global impact of our species. even as others bid their farewells. Mr Ray Walton stepped With an inspiring speakers list, a partnership with the down as representative of Griffith Hack, and introduced his organisers of the International Polar Year 2007-08, and a full replacement Mr John Terry to the Council. Mr Chris Bayliss schedule of activities, ‘EcoScience’ promises to be another also joined the Foundation representing Life Governor great International Science School. Australian Business Ltd. This year the University moved to eliminate the college structure into which faculties are divided. Dr Tony Zola building a hovercraft , Science Teachers Workshop 2006 As a result, Professor Beryl Hesketh, Pro-Vice Chancellor for the College of Sciences and Technology, stepped down from her ex-officio role as Governor of the Foundation.

In September Associate Professor Bob Hewitt stepped down as Director of the Foundation, having held the position since 2003 — he continues as an Honorary Governor on the Council. The role was filled by Associate Professor Anne Green, merging the Directorship with her new position as Head of School.

The Foundation has also seen some staffing changes this year. Dr Chris Stewart’s role as Executive Officer has been expanded to assist the new Director, given her significant duties as Head of School. Ms Alex Viglienzone’s administration position is being upgraded to take on greater responsibility with the day-to-day running of the Foundation, and to use her education training in the outreach and primary science programs. Also in 2006, at the completion of Ms Alison Muir’s contract with the Messel Endowment campaign, the Foundation and the School of Physics created a shared position of Community Relations Manager — in this role, Alison assists the Foundation and the School with fundraising, alumni, events, publications and media.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 7 Research Highlights 2006

Representing one of the largest groups of physicists in further than the grating length. Joe measured the pulse Australia, the School of Physics maintains a dynamic and traveling 22% of the speed in the grating’s absence. By using diverse research program. Throughout the year, there are high light intensities, the nonlinear response of the glass in the numerous research highlights and awards of which this page fibre keeps the pulse together, so it not ripped apart in the represents a small sample. process. His work appeared in the prestigious journal Nature Physics. Astronomy & Astrophysics A major highlight of 2006 is the School of Physics involvement Research Awards and Grants in the STEREO space mission (lbelow). Professors Peter Research awards were received by several of our staff, Robinson and Iver Cairns are Co-Is in this major international including the award of the 2006 Newton Lacy Pierce Prize to mission to understand the physics of the Sun and the nature ARC Federation Fellow Professor Bryan Gaensler for his of space weather. Both Peter and Iver were present at Cape outstanding achievement in observational astronomy, and a Canaveral for the launch of the two year mission, with two Tall Poppy award for Andrew Hopkins for his achievements in separate space probes will provide a three-dimensional view astrophysics and outreach activities. Furthermore, student of our Sun’s activity. Alex Argyros won the Tertiary Student prize as part of the prestigious DuPont Australia and New Zealand Innovation The space weather theme continues, with Richard Thompson Awards. Former graduate student Michael Ireland won the being selected as a member of the international panel to inaugural Charlene Heisler prize for the best PhD thesis on predict the timing and amplitude of the coming Solar Cycle astronomy by a student in Australia. Graduate student Julian 24. This panel, funded by NASA and chaired by the US Space North won second prize for the best student talk at the annual Environment Center, has the task of providing a definitive meeting of the Astronomical Society of Australia. prediction of the solar cycle, important for the many operations affected by Space Weather. There was several notable grant internal grant successes through the year, with Zdenka Kuncic receiving a University of The Keck telescope was also Sydney Bridging Support Grant for an ARC "near-miss" used by Dr Geraint Lewis, ARF/QEII fellowship application ($26,000) and a University of whose observations of the Sydney Research and Development Grant awarded under the nearby Andromeda Galaxy new staff scheme within the Colleges of Science and have revealed its to possess Technology ($19,000). more structure than previously though, forcing a revision of Serdar Kuyucak received $36,300 in support of his project on some of the basic ideas “Coarse grain models of flexible ion channels”, allowing the astronomers hold about the development of a model of the HERG channel where a flexible structure of galaxies like our chain of amino acids plays a key role in activation of the own. channel.

Sydney University Physics Education Research (SUPER) Further research and development grants were received by In 2006, the SUPER group was awarded two prominent Stephen Bartlett with a $23,000 ECR grant to examine national grants, including one from the Australian School "Quantum-Enhanced Reference Systems", and Kostya Innovation in Science, Technology and Mathematics, Ostrikov who received $30,000 for “Plasma-aided Department of Education, Science and Training (DEST) on nanofabrication: process modelling and optimisation via Developing Multimedia Tools for Senior High School Physics computer simulation.” A University of Sydney International which involves working with partner schools to delivering Visiting Research Fellowship was awarded to Prof. Fakhtulla cutting edge research. The second grant is from the Carrick Abdullaev from the Physical-Technical Institute of the Uzbek Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education and is Academy of Sciences, to visit Sydney to work with Martijn de carrying forward earlier initiatives, with a focus on service Sterke and Eduard Tsoy. teaching, graduate destinations and laboratory teaching.

Centre for Ultrahigh bandwith Devices Systems (CUDOS) CUDOS postgraduate student Joe Mok studied Slow Light, light pulses that travel much slower than the speed of light. Joe did so in gratings written in the core of an optical fiber. A light pulse launched into a grating reflects several times and thus travels forwards, backwards, forwards again, etc. By the time the pulse makes it to the far end it has traveled much

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 8 APPLIED AND previously impede the use of plasma been related to the topology of the techniques to modify insulating structure using simulation methods and PLASMA PHYSICS materials such as ceramic and experimental investigations using polymers. Plasma simulation methods indentation. The Applied and Plasma Physics group for studying the effect of bias voltages aims to apply physics to problems of applied to meshes have been developed Modified Polymers for Ventricular relevance to the community through the and have given an improved Assistance development of new knowledge and the understanding of how meshes work to In collaboration with Ventracor Ltd we application of existing knowledge. The increase ion fluence and improve the are developing modified polymer activities of the group during 2006 have uniformity of treatments. In an industry materials for use in the Ventrassist been in the following areas: collaboration with Toppan Printing Co Ventricular assistance device. Over the Ltd of Japan, this method has been past year we trialed polymer versions of Quantum Computing applied to modify the ‘wettability’ and the device and showed that polymers The Centre for quantum Computer gas permeability of polymers have many advantages. The Technology has its atomistic modeling effectiveness of ion beam modifications team within the Applied Plasma Group. Pulsed Cathodic Arc Synthesis of of the surface of the polymer PEEK have Our role is to assist in the fabrication of a New Alloys and Multilayer Structures been demonstrated. The group was silicon based quantum memory element The pulsed cathodic arc system recently awarded a three year Linkage or “qubit”. Highlights of the past year developed in the group has many grant to examine the joining of polymers have been the completion of the unique features. A multi cathode system for this application. understanding of the pathways by which with high current power supply and phosphorus is incorporated from the gas novel centre trigger system is capable of Materials for Protein and Cell phase into the silicon surface. This depositing accurately controlled Attachment reaction is the first in a large number of amounts of material to synthesise new Substrate materials are required for surface reactions that will be studied alloys and multilayer structures with attaching antibodies and enzymes to using the same method of combining controlled thickness. A number of surfaces. There are many applications of atomistic (first principles) modeling with international visitors have been able to such materials in medical diagnostic scanning tunneling microscopy. As a utilize the system to produce new arrays and in chemical and food result of this work there are few if any materials over the past year. An example processing industries where enzymes chemical reactions on surfaces that are is the synthesis of the crystalline MAX are used. We developed and patented a as well understood as the phosphine phase alloy TiAlC achieved for the first plasma treatment method for modifying incorporation into silicon. Other reactions time using the cathodic arc. Another polymer surfaces to enable them to bind of significance in semiconductor project that has made extensive use of proteins and enzymes covelently. The processing are the absorption of nitrogen the arc system is aimed at developing surfaces we developed show superior and water into silicon. new transparent conductive oxides to attachment density and can attach replace the indium-tin oxide material biomolecules in a functional state. The Plasma Physics currently used in displays. surfaces have recently been shown to We have undertaken basic studies of be successful in attaching cells for plasmas relevant to the processing of New Carbon Materials applications in cardiovascular, materials. The plasma physics program Carbon materials are finding new orthopaedic and neurological areas. includes both simulation and experimental applications because of their We carried out fundamental studies of studies. In simulation, we studied the exceptional wear resistance properties the time dependence of electric fields in production of energetic ions in the combined with a resistance to chemical ionic solutions applied by means of cathodic arc plasma. Using particle in cell attack. The wear resistance properties electrodes. This is a classic problem in methods we developed a powerful relate to their ability to recover from Physics, but the full solution of the time computer code for examining the effects mechanical deformation and a low dependence were not solved until now. of substrate and mesh bias in a plasma. In friction coefficient. One of the largest The predictions of theory were shown to experiment, we examined the transport of application areas is the protection of be accurate by comparison with cathodic arc plasmas in a curved surfaces in the magnetic memory (hard experiment. The electroattachment of magnetic field and observed instabilities disk) industry. Tetrahedral amorphous an enzyme to a surface was reminiscent of those previously observed carbon (ta-C), first identified and demonstrated by increasing and in toroidal fusion plasmas. developed in our Group over the last 17 decreasing at will the attachment of years, is becoming a material of choice horseradish peroxidase to a polymer New Materials Synthesis for the new generation of high density surface by means of an applied electric We are developing new materials for magnetic memory devices. The field. The use of ellipsometric surface demanding applications in Energy synthesis and physics of disordered plasmon resonance to monitor the generation and conservation, Medicine carbons has been studied over the past attachment process and the increased and Biology. year in a collaborative project with RMIT sensitivity available through the use of University and Nanyang Technological the phase information was New Implantation Technologies for University, Singapore. New carbon demonstrated. Insulating Materials materials are being synthesized in Ion implantation technologies based on previously unexplored regions of its the use of biased meshes have been phase diagram. The ability of some developed. These methods overcome carbon materials to recover from large some of the problems that have deformations completely over time has

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 9 MEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF OTHER WORK BRAIN DYNAMICS GROUP PHYSICS Secondary Electron Emission Motion Correction In Small Animal Radiotherapy Coefficient (SEEC) Imaging A number of projects in medical The Secondary Electron Emission dosimetry have been undertaken in Coefficient (SEEC) of a dielectric Recent advances in molecular imaging collaboration with the Royal Prince Alfred material, which is a measure of the have led to the development of high Hospital. A new fibre optic dosimeter emission of electrons due to the impact resolution tomographic imaging “BrachyFOD” was developed for in situ of ions and electrons, is difficult to devices, such as the microPET (PET = real time monitoring of radiation during the measure by traditional method because positron emission tomography), for the form of radiotherapy known as of surface charging effect. A novel idea study of physiological and disease brachytherapy. The new dosimeter is that is being developed, overcomes this processes in laboratory animals. The being commercialized by a newly formed surface charging effect during the value of these devices lies in their ability company, Radiant LX, set up by our experiment. AUS$35,000.00 was to non-invasively measure minute collaborating companies Bandwidth internally funded to this project by City concentrations of radioactively labelled Foundry, CMS Alphatech and The Sydney University of Hong Kong Strategic tracer molecules, and thus to observe Cancer Centre. The new dosimeter will be Research Grant. The concept was biological processes directly, in the living used in quality assurance of treatment proved in the lab of our Hong Kong animal. Conventional imaging with delivery by monitoring the dose received collaborators by successfully measuring microPET takes up to 90 minutes to by sensitive organs such as the urethra. the collapse, due to charging of the perform and the animal is kept under An array of dosimeters has been dielectric surface, of the ion sheath in anaesthesia to prevent movements. developed for monitoring the rectal wall front of a dielectric substrate during Once the animal (usually a rat or mouse) during pelvic radiotherapy for prostate or argon plasma immersion ion is anaesthetised and positioned in the cervical cancer. implantation by using a Langmuir probe. microPET field of view, a trace quantity Finite element methods have been of a radioactive drug (radiotracer) is used to model the motion of the Major Infrastructure administered and imaging of the brain or lung/diaphragm system during respiration Successful LIEF applications have other target organ commences. using the mechanical properties of the enabled us to build infrastructure in the Dynamic data are acquired and images tissues as inputs. The motion of the lung School. reconstructed. The data provide is determined by three key properties: important information on regional blood density, airway permeabilty and elasticity Secondary Neutral Mass flow, transport of the radiotracer across of the lung tissue. Spectrometry the cell membrane and receptor binding Secondary neutral mass spectrometry, and clearance. These parameters are Bystander and Dose Rate Effects SNMS, is a sensitive technique for then quantified using biomathematical Bystander effects are non-local effects obtaining compositional information as a models, to obtain unique information on on cells resulting from the irradiation of function of depth in a material. biochemical pathways in vivo. nearby cells. We found two new types of Sputtered neutral atoms are produced The use of anaesthesia has effects that have implications for from the material and are ionized and the disadvantage of perturbing the treatment planning. Both of these result detected by mass spectrometry. The physiological phenomena under study. in increased survival of cells after technique is more sensitive than Likewise, the alternative of forcibly irradiation as a result of communication Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry restraining the conscious animal effects and will be important in which examines the ions sputtered from alters stress-sensitive neurochemical treatment planning. Dose rate effects a material. SNMS is proving a valuable processes in the brain. Accurate are important because new treatment complement to other analysis measurement of these biochemical delivery techniques such as intensity techniques available to us. pathways would be considerably aided modulated radiotherapy give a wide by technologies that allowed animals to range of dose rates. Cell repair and High Power Impulse Magnetron be scanned while awake. Since enhanced damage at high dose rate Sputtering conscious animals move considerably, have both been observed in clonogenic High power pulses are used to sputter the problem to be overcome is the studies. from magnetron sources in this new distortion of the reconstructed image technique. We are part of an due to motion during data acquisition. Energy Conservation international effort in the USA and Our aim is to develop techniques for The opportunities for vacuum glazing Sweden to develop this technique which motion tracking, and for incorporating throughout the world look very appears to offer the advantages of the resulting six degree of freedom (DoF) promising as many nations implement cathodic arc deposition without the motion information in the acquisition energy saving policies, especially in the macropartcles that cathode spot and/or reconstruction process to built environment. The key area we are plasmas generate. A collaboration with produce reconstructed images free of addressing is the impact resistance of Linkoping University has been motion distortion. vacuum glazing. Collaboration with established to work together on The work is being carried out with the Sydney Glass and Nippon Sheet glass equipment that is being installed in both support of an ARC Discovery grant in has enabled us to examine the causes Universities. the School of Physics, and in the of failure of glazings under impact. This Ramaciotti Imaging Centre of the work has led to the award of five year University of Sydney’s Brain and Mind ARC Linkage grant. Research Institute (BMRI), which has

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 10 recently acquired a Siemens microPET The relatively noisy appearance of the scanner. In the first 12 months the group motion corrected scan is a result of has translated to the microPET reduced counting statistics due to environment a PET motion correction radioactive decay. technique originally developed for The immediate goal is the transition human PET brain imaging. This from phantoms to live animals. This technique, known as line-of-response presents some significant challenges, (LOR) rebinning, involves 3D including attachment of the motion transformation of individual PET events tracking target to the animal, the design to compensate for known motion of the of the ‘burrow’ to contain the animal head. The applied transformations are within the bore of the scanner, and calculated from serial head pose improved synchronization of the PET measurements provided by a miniature and motion tracking data. Other future optical motion tracking system investigations include the potential of Motion correction of a miniature hot-rod phantom (Microntracker, Claron Technologies). miniature retrograte reflectors imaged on the MicroPET scanner. Fig. 1 shows the results of this (overlapping gratings that generate Moire Left column: No motion correction applied. Middle technique in an actual imaging patterns) as motion tracking targets, and column: Same data as in left column, with motion experiment performed on the microPET a novel approach to motion correction correction. Right column: Reconstruction of stationary scanner. The images shown in each based on maximum likelihood phantom for comparison. column are orthogonal reconstructed expectation maximization (ML-EM) that slices through a miniature rod phantom we call motion adaptive reconstruction. containing F18 in solution that was We have shown in a range of simulations Below: The atomic layers of a Ti2AlC MAX phase translated and rotated during data that this method can recover the original structure deposited by pulsed cathodic arc as seen at acquisition, while being tracked with the activity distribution, given a 3D high resolution in the electron microscope. The picture Microntracker. The left column shows reconstruction blurred by 6 DoF motion, shows that our deposition method is capable of conventional results without motion and knowledge of the motion that creating perfect single crystal layers of this correction. The column at right shows a occurred. technologically important material. separate scan performed as a reference Technological advances resulting from This material is potentially good for use as strong 45 minutes earlier without motion, and this work may enable entirely new structural components in very high temperature the middle column shows the same experimental paradigms in the awake environments – like high efficiency engines for data as in the left column, with motion animal, and thus contribute to funda- example. Picture courtesy of Dr P. Persson correction based on Microntracker data. mental discoveries in neurobiology.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 11 ASTROPHYSICS

ASTEROSEISMOLOGY GROUP The Asteroseismology Group at the School of Physics, led by Professor Tim Bedding, includes Drs Laszlo Kiss, Hans Bruntt and Dennis Stello. They have coordinated several international observing campaigns to understand how stellar evolution changes the way a Sun-like star oscillates. The group has now measured oscillation frequencies in five stars in great detail, each representing a slightly different evolutionary status of a Sun-like star. In α Centauri A, the measured frequencies should reveal the effects of a possible convective core and allow us to estimate its size. This will be the first direct test of the extent of the core overshoot, an issue that is vitally important in stellar evolution models. Our results for υ Indi confirm that it has a low mass (0.85 solar) and is at least 9 billion years old. Analysis of the full set of oscillation frequencies should allow a test of stellar evolution theory in a low- metallicity star, which is an important step in verifying age determinations for the oldest stars in the Galaxy. For β Hydri, we were able to identify nearly 30 modes, whose frequencies were used to infer the mean stellar density to an accuracy of just 0.6%. Combining this with the angular diameter measured with the Sydney University Stellar Interferometer (SUSI) gave a direct estimate of the stellar mass, to an accuracy of 2.7%. This is probably the most precise mass determination of a solar-type star that is not in a binary system, illustrating the power of combining asteroseismology and interferometry.

GRAVITATIONAL ASTROPHYSICS The year 2006 proved to be a very busy year for the Gravitational Astrophysics Group with Blair Conn and Artem Tuntsov completing their PhDs, while Berian James and Luke Barnes headed to Edinburgh and Cambridge respectively to begin their PhDs. Head of the group, Geraint Lewis, continues to head the Commonwealth Cosmology Initiative, a major ARC program studying the formation and evolution of galaxies in the Universe.

Above: Molonglo Observatory Synthesis Telescope (MOST) is a wide-field radio imaging survey of the southern sky at 843MHz.

Left: The 3.9m Anglo-Australian Telescope observing the daylight sky for measuring the 5-minute oscillations in the scattered spectrum of the Sun.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 12 these radio galaxies, which developed a new paradigm in which their very steep spectra can be understood as a natural consequence of their location in regions of unusually high density in the early universe. Peter Barnes has been using a powerful new spectrometer on the Mopra dish of the Australia Telescope to make high resolution spectral observations of molecular lines in the 3 mm band. He is a member of the Japan- Fig. 1: False-colour map of a massive dense molecular Fig. 2: Map of the same cloud, but now traced by N2H+. Australia CHaMP consortium (the core, as traced by the HCO+ molecule. This cloud is This molecule is sensitive to the same density and Census of High- and Medium-mass home to a well-known massive star nursery, NGC 3076, temperature as HCO+, but the emission pattern is Protostars) which is mapping over 100 located near the middle of the image. different, indicating chemical inhomogeneities created massive molecular clouds in the by the forming protostars. constellations of Carina, Vela, and Centaurus in order to compile robust statistics of relatively rare massive protostars. Dense molecular clouds are the birthplace of new stars in the Milky Way. By combining Mopra maps in different molecular species with images from the near- to the far-infrared, they can relate the dynamical and chemical information from the different molecules to the nature of the stars that form from these clouds. Peter also formally joined the Spitzer Legacy Project "c2d: from Cores to Disks", which studies the details of low- mass star formation (i.e., stars like our Sun) from the molecular cloud stage to the formation of planets. In 2006 Mopra maps were obtained for all 40 of the c2d Fig. 3: Large-scale map of HCO+ from clouds near the Fig. 4: Similar map of N2H+ near eta Carinae, indicating clouds in far southern skies, not supermassive star eta Carinae. There are several dense where the special conditions required to ACTUALLY observable by northern hemisphere clouds in this image which COULD form new stars. make new stars are located. colleagues.

Dr Andrew Hopkins's 2006 paper on subtraction of the foreground high- THE SYDNEY UNIVERSITY STELLAR the star formation history of the universe frequency radio signals from distant INTERFEROMETER (SUSI) showed how limits on neutrino radio galaxies and quasars. The Sydney University Stellar measurements from the 2006 saw a new release of the radio- Interferometer (SUSI) is a long-baseline SuperKamiokande particle detector, source catalogue from the Sydney stellar interferometer, designed to find combined with numerous astronomical University Molonglo Sky Survey the angular sizes of single stars, or the surveys, constrain the star formation (SUMSS). Now that the survey is separation of individual components of history of galaxies in the universe as well complete, the SUMSS data products close binary stars. It is situated at the as the distribution of stellar masses that are being used by an increasing number Paul Wild Observatory near Narrabri. form in a burst of star formation. of researchers around the world, as During 2006 the SUSI group continued Professor Elaine Sadler and evidenced by the rapidly-rising citation the scientific exploitation of the colleagues in the Australia Telescope rate for the two main survey papers. The instrument, with an extensive observing 20GHz (AT20G) survey team have most recent version of the SUMSS program, along with analysis and made the first measurements of the catalogue and images can be found at publication of data, and significant variability and polarization of faint radio http://www.physics.usyd.edu.au/ioa/Ma instrumental developments. sources selected at 20GHz, the highest in/SUMSS/ A highlight was the growing frequency at which a sensitive radio Professor Richard (Dick) Hunstead and collaboration with the School’s survey has been carried out over a large colleagues Julia Bryant, Helen Johnston, asteroseismology group. By combining area of sky. Their measurements show Bryan Gaensler and Jess Broderick have stellar angular diameter measurements that high-frequency radio sources are continued their investigation of high- from SUSI with stellar oscillation less variable and have lower redshift radio galaxies, which provide (asteroseismology) data obtained from polarization than predicted. These unique probes of the formation spectroscopic measurements using findings are particularly relevant to processes and environments of massive large telescopes in Australia and current and future measurements of the galaxies in the early universe. A particular elsewhere, accurate masses for isolated Cosmic Microwave Background, which highlight was Ilana Klamer's work on the stars can be obtiained. In the past require increasingly accurate rest-frame spectral energy distribution of masses could be found only for stars in

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 13 system. This combined system will also Kingdom, funded by a University of allow operation of the blue-light system Sydney postdoctoral Fellowship. In May with a user-selected central wavelength Prof. Ben Eggleton was advised that his and bandwidth. The other major application for a further five year term as commissioning project was the Federation Fellow was successful. He is introduction of a new fast-readout thus in an excellent position to continue electron-multiplying CCD camera for the as CUDOS Research Director and fast-guiding (tip-tilt) system. This leading the CUDOS research program required a major upgrade to the control through to 2010 and beyond. software, given the fast real-time nature The support from the ARC and the of its operation. School to the Centre and our researchers is fitting acknowledgement of outstanding research performance, in which our central focus has been to CUDOS develop capabilities in nonlinear photonics and microphotonics leading binary systems. The new method was CUDOS, the ARC Centre of Excellence towards the demonstration of all optical applied to the star beta Hydri, and for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for processing in a “photonic chip” with a resulted in a mass determination Optical Systems, is headquartered in range of integrated signal processing accurate to better than 3%, and values the School of Physics. With around forty functions including switching and signal of radius and effective temperature to researchers and students we are about regeneration. The Centre now has six better than 1%. SUSI is well suited to 50% of the Centre’s overall effort and a ‘Flagship’ projects, each focusing on a this type of observation because it major contributor to the School’s particular capability that is crucial to a operates using visible light rather than research and teaching activities. photonic chip. Three of these – all- infrared, and it has a baseline of well 2007 was a watershed year for optical switching, slow light and over 100 m, so that every star within the CUDOS, with the ARC considering our nonlinear optical signal processing – are sensitivity range is well resolved. application to extend our operation by managed by researchers from the Another major observing program three years to 2010. We received the School. concerned a variety of binary stars, good news in March that our applic- where the orbit as revealed by ation for renewed funding had been interferometric observations can again successful, with a level of support that provide a mass and sometimes also the was almost unchanged from that which radii of the two stars. The Figure shows we have enjoyed for the last four years. the orbit of the two major components A quick reading of the ARC’s report on of the binary system lambda Scorpii, for their website shows that CUDOS has which masses and the distance to the fared extremely well in comparison to its system have been derived. The scale is peers. This is a fitting outcome for a in milli-arcseconds, and illustrates the Centre strong in all aspects of our small angular sizes measured by SUSI, operations – top quality people from and the precision with which they fit to students through to senior staff, strong the elliptical orbit. and productive collaboration across all Observations of Cepheid variable nodes, a compelling focus and an stars continued, to finalise the astonishingly productive research interferometric data required for the output. famous Baade-Wesselink method of We are extremely grateful to the Above: Impression of a photonic chip, a device that distance determination for these stars. School for its continued support, and combines many optical functions just like electronic By combining angular diameter even more so this year with the School’s chips combine many electronic functions. It is the measurements of a star as it changes decision to reclaim around 100 m2 of ultimate goal of much of CUDOS’ research. size during the pulsation cycle with space in the basement (previously used radial velocity measurements from for storage) and convert it into high spectroscopic observations, the quality laboratories at a cost of around distance to the star can be directly $250,000. Part of this new space will be determined, thus circumventing a used by our new faculty appointment, Our approach to management of number of uncertain steps in the Dr Boris Kuhlmey. each Flagship project is to empower our astronomical distance ladder. CUDOS researchers in the School younger researchers with the Major instrumental activities during continue to perform extremely well in responsibility of managing the process 2006 included the commissioning of a securing competitive grants. Dr of achieving the year-to-year goals of new system in which observations of Christian Grillet and Dr Christelle Monat the project – including project planning, interference fringes can be made in blue took up Australian Postdoctoral cross node liaison and reporting – while light (especially suitable for hot stars Fellowships this year, joining Professor leaving the senior Chief Investigators with small angular diameter, or for Ross McPhedran (Australian with the task of leading the long-term, emission lines which can only be seen in Professorial Fellowship) and Dr Kuhlmey strategic aspects of the science. At the blue), while the atmospheric (Australian Postdoctoral Fellowship). Dr Sydney Dr Grillet manages All-Optical perturbations of the fringes are Feng Luan has joined the CUDOS group Switching, Dr Monat manages Slow stabilised using the existing red-light from the University of Bath in the United Light and Dr Mark Pelusi manages the

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 14 Nonlinear Optical Signal Processing COMPLEX SYSTEMS PLASMA NANOSCIENCE Flagship project. In 2006, the Plasma Nanoscience group This approach to focusing on high BRAIN MODELLING GROUP studied several important problems: profile opportunities with both a targeted Brain modelling is concerned with formation of dense nanotip and year-by-year and long term approach is constructing and exploring quantitative nanotube arrays, formation of core/shell reaping scientific dividends. A major models of several measures of brain structured quantum dots, single-wall result in our slow light project, in which function. The following topics are nanotube synthesis in arc plasmas, graduate student Joe Mok succeeded in currently under investigation: processing of dense nanotube arrays. slowing pulsed light down in a fibre how the primary sensory cortex The studies were made in collaboration Bragg grating by the temporal self-organizes and functions, with NTU (Singapore) and Michigan equivalent of more than 2 pulse widths, cerebral connectivities and their University (USA). In 2006, the Plasma was published in Nature Photonics this corresponding dynamics, Nanoscience group has obtained year and will be the subject of an invited modelling real measures: EEG, several very important results that may talk at next year’s Optical Fibre evoked potentials and MRI. establish new directions in the Communications (OFC) Conference in These topics deal with details of development of a modern the USA. These results also received neuronal components, numerical nanotechnology. In particular, it has significant press in the media, including complexities, and emergent pheno- been demonstrated that the plasma articles in Cosmos Magazine and mena, which collectively makes the process has a great advantage in domestic newspapers. brain an exemplary complex system. growing dense arrays of nanotips for The optical switching team has made Modelling emphasises the 'bottom- electron-emitting devices, as compared some truly innovative progress, with up' approach to brain science. It with gas processes. The use of biased theoretical calculations by Dr Snjezana complements the 'top-down' approach substrate and ion flux extracted from the Tomljenovic-Hanic demonstrating new of our collaborators at the Brain plasma provides a new way of the ways of producing very high quality Dynamics Centre at Westmead Hosp- vertically-aligned structured carbon factor (Q) cavities in photonic crystals, ital, the Brain Resources Company, the formation on surface. It was shown that so the energy density inside the cavity is Woolcock Institute at the University of the plasma ensures better penetration of hundreds of thousands of times higher Sydney, and the Black Dog Institute carbon building units into the nanotube than outside. Dr Grillet and graduate (UNSW). forest. This effect provides a possibility students Cameron Smith and Michael One area of activity is to broaden our to perform an effective post-processing Lee have also developed innovative continuum model by including some of of the dense nanotube arrays. In 2006, approaches to coupling light into these the well-known properties of neurons in two extremely successful Honours cavities, enabling intensity-dependent the visual cortex, specifically, spike-rate students (A. Rider and E. Tam) have thresholds for optical nonlinearity (and adaptation and patchy connections. published/received acceptance notices ultimately switching) to be exceeded at Members active in this area include Hal for 5 papers from top journals in the field only most input powers. Henke and Dr Peter Loxley. and were awarded APAs to continue Mark Pelusi has succeeded in Another area is that dealing with brain working in the Plasma Nanoscience developing an operational 160 Gb/s connectivities and rhythms. Members group on PhD projects. optical testbed (the only one in the active in this area include Sacha van southern hemisphere) and using this to Albada, Richard Gray, Ying Wu, Andrew evaluate the high speed performance of Phillips and James Roberts. Andrew the all-optical signal processors under Phillips recently received the Post- development in CUDOS. Mark, with graduate research prize for outstanding students Michael Lamont and Vahid academic achievement from the Faculty Ta’eed, has been able to demonstrate of Science. time division demultiplexing in the A third area of interest is modelling optical domain of a 10 Gb/s signal from real measures of brain activity. Members a 160Gb/s pulse trains using CUDOS active in this area include Jonathon all-optical signal processing technology. Clearwater, Cliff Kerr, Dr Peter Drysdale, Carbon nanotip microemitter array grown in (a) a With CUDOS in its fifth year, we are Kevin Aquino, Matthew Barton and Alan neutral gas process; (b) plasma-based process [Appl. beginning to see some interest from Chiang. Phys. Lett. 89, 033109 (2006)] industry in our research. We are in the second year of an industry Linkage project with Optium Australia, funded by the ARC, to investigate new applications for an innovative technology for next generation, reconfigurable optical networks. We have recruited a young Belgian scientist, Dr Michael Roelens, for this task and he has achieved some excellent results that were presented as a prestigious post-deadline paper at the OFC Conference and an invited paper at the CLEO-Europe meeting in Munich.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 15 SPACE PHYSICS GROUP AND NASA'S the prodigious X-ray luminosity of these STEREO SPACECRAFT sources is the result of accretion of The waiting for NASA's STEREO matter onto a black hole and the violent spacecraft to launch has come to an expulsion of energy by strong magnetic end for Profs Iver Cairns and Peter fields and possibly also relativistic jets. Robinson. After several false starts, on This means that Ultra-Luminous X-ray 25 October 2006 they watched from sources are extreme examples of the Kennedy Space Center (Florida, USA) as more moderately behaved X-ray binary STEREO launched into space aboard a sources that inhabit our own Galaxy. Boeing Delta II rocket. STEREO is a These results were presented at the two-spacecraft mission to observe solar International Astronomical Union's 26th outbursts as they move through the General Assembly in Prague and at the Fig. 1 Lateral views of the carbon nanotube (left) and interplanetary medium and cause Committee on Space Research the gramicidin A channel (right) systems. The nanotube ``space weather'' events at Earth. The (COSPAR) 36th Scientific Assembly in is surrounded by a layer of capped nanotubes (only two STEREO A or "Ahead" spacecraft slowly Beijing. are shown for clarity). Gramicidin A is embedded in a moves ahead of the Earth in its orbit lipid bilayer (only the head groups of the lipid molecules around the Sun, while the STEREO B or are depicted by large balls). The K+ ion is at the pore "Behind" spacecraft moves behind the COMPUTATIONAL centre surrounded by single-file water molecules (little Earth. Triangulation with these two balls) in both cases. The systems are hydrated with identically instrumented spacecraft, BIOPHYSICS water on both sides. which move increasingly far apart with Achievements and future directions: increasing time, is one unique element We have continued testing the of STEREO. molecular dynamics (MD) force fields STEREO's launch and the Towards that end, we calculated the using the gramicidin A channel as a test deployment of antennas, solar cells, and PMF of K+ ions in a simple carbon case. Calculation of the binding free instruments were almost flawless. Iver nanotube and the gramicidin A channel energies of monovalent and divalent and Peter are members of STEREO's (Fig. 1) using both the umbrella sampling cations using Potential of Mean Force plasma waves and radio emissions method and Jarzynski's equality. In the (PMF) and Free Energy Perturbation team S/Waves. The S/Waves carbon nanotube both methods gave Methods revealed discrepancies when instruments started collecting data similar PMF results but in the gramicidin compared to the experimental data. within 2 days of launch and have already A channel, the PMF obtained from These discrepancies were at a smaller observed numerous solar radio bursts. Jarzynski's equality exhibited large scale compared to those found for the Two post-launch team and Science deviations from that of umbrella central barrier energies, indicating that Working Group meetings have occurred sampling. These results show that due the problem gets worse as one moves so far. There the team presented new to the presence of long-range Coulomb from the channel mouth at the lipid- results on the spatial scales of the interactions and their intrinsic flexibility, water interface to the channel interior. energetic electron stream producing biomolecules take much longer time to This is consistent with the view that the type III radio bursts, enabled by having relax, limiting the applicability of problem is due to the neglect of the STEREO A and B so close together. Jarzynski's equality to such systems. induced polarization interaction in the Professor Robert Ergun (U. Colorado, Two major issues faced by the current force fields. We also studied Boulder, USA) is now working with the pharmaceutical industry are finding finite size and periodicity effects in MD Sydney group on the STEREO data, appropriate ligands for a given target simulations to see whether such initiated by a University of Sydney Short and ensuring that they are highly simulation artifacts contribute to the Term Visiting Fellowship. The current specific only for that target. For ion barrier energies. The results obtained in emphasis is on testing and extending channels, which are primary targets for progressively larger systems were in our theories for why the observed development of therapeutic drugs, agreement with the smaller system, plasma waves are so bursty in time and Nature provides a rich library of toxins which demonstrated that finite size and position, enabled in part by a novel that meet these requirements. For periodicity effects are negligible for free instrument whose design the Sydney example, there are over 50,000 distinct energy calculations. group contributed to. peptides (conotoxins) in the venom of Accurate calculation of binding free cone snails, which target a variety of ion energies of ligands is an important channels with very high affinity and THEORETICAL HIGH-ENERGY problem in molecular biology with many selectivity. Thus learning from Nature ASTROPHYSICS applications in pharmacology. The and improving on its products provides Zdenka Kuncic and collaborators have traditional methods include umbrella an alternative strategy for drug made significant progress in unraveling sampling with weighted histogram development. This process can be the underlying nature of one of the most analysis, free energy perturbation and further enhanced by combining enigmatic cosmic X-ray sources thermodynamic integration. Recently a laboratory work with computer discovered by X-ray satellites: Ultra- new method based on Boltzmann simulations. Luminous X-ray sources. These averaging of work functions has been We recently initiated a computational extragalactic, point-like sources are up introduced. Because of its simplicity, program to help develop drug leads to 10 million times more powerful than this so called Jarzynski equality has from conotoxins. The strategy adopted the Sun and emit virtually all their attracted much attention. However, its involves 3 stages: i) Find the binding radiation in X-rays. Kuncic and applicability to complex bimolecular configuration of a conotoxin to the collaborators have demonstrated that systems has not been checked yet. target ion channel using a docking

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 16 algorithm (e.g. Autodock), which is Below are some highlights of public- which resemble the (111) surface of bulk refined in subsequent molecular ations in 2006: Cu2O, are stable under ultra-high dynamics (MD) simulations, ii) Determine vacuum conditions, but are only meta- the key residues involved in the binding COPPER-BASED CATALYSIS FOR stable at pressures and temperatures and calculate the binding Free Energy ENERGY PRODUCTION relevant to technical catalysis. from MD simulations, iii) Consider In recent years there has been great Furthermore, no simple oxygen mutations of the key residues on the focus on clean and efficient energy chemisorption phase is stable even at conotoxin and calculate their binding technology, bringing about an increased very low coverages. Under realistic free energies from MD. Those that lead interest in key heterogeneous catalytic conditions, the bulk oxide phase is to a more enhanced binding compared reactions associated with, e.g., the predicted to be the most stable phase. to the wild type are candidates for new function of fuel cells. An example is the Investigating, therefore, the thermo- drug leads and are subjected to further water-gas-shift reaction where hydrogen dynamic stability of low index (100), physiological experiments to confirm the (fuel) is obtained via partial oxidation and (110), and (111) surfaces of bulk Cu2O, predictions of the simulation results. steam reforming of hydrocarbons and including the stoichiometric, as well as Feasibility of this methodology was methanol. For these reactions, copper- metal- and oxygen-rich terminations, demonstrated in a simple system based catalysts are typically employed, and defective surfaces, we find that consisting of the gramicidin A channel but the active site, the role of support under the oxygen-rich conditions, two and organic cations such as oxides, and each detailed reaction step structures exhibit particularly low guanidinium and TEA (see Fig.2 below). are still the focus of considerable debate surface free energies, namely, the

Binding characteristics and the relative and research. This is so even though a Cu2O(110) surface which is terminated affinities of the organic cations were great deal of effort has gone into with both Cu and O surface atoms in the accurately predicted. We are now seeking consensus by conducting in situ [110] plane and the Cu2O(111) surface studying the binding of kappa-conotoxin experiments, in the hope of bridging the containing a surface Cu vacancy (see to Kv1.2 (shaker) potassium channel, “pressure” and “materials” gap. Clearly, Fig. 2 page 18). These structures which has potential for treating diseases in order to achieve more efficient and therefore could be catalytically relevant caused by dysfunction of K+ channels. selective catalysts, knowledge of the for oxidizing reactions. Studies on these microscopic behavior is mandatory. To systems are continuing in 2007. gain an initial microscopic understanding of copper-based NITRIDE-BASED MATERIALS FOR catalysts, we performed state-of-the-art SPINTRONIC DEVICES quantum mechanical calculations, Dilute magnetic semiconductors (DMS), investigating the detailed interaction of such as Mn-doped GaAs and Cr-doped oxygen and copper, and focusing on the GaN, are a class of materials that relative stability of surface oxidic increasingly attract intense interest as structures and oxide surfaces of the promising candidates for a new O/Cu system. By combining the generation of multifunctional spintronics concepts of quantum mechanics and devices. Despite considerable efforts, thermodynamics in so-called “first– the mechanisms behind the apparent Fig. 2: Binding of TEA molecule to the gramicidin A principles atomistic thermodynamics”, ferromagnetism and the universality are channel. One of the arms of TEA inserts itself to the we study the chemisorption of oxygen still under active debate. From a binding pocket created by the carbonyl oxygens of and the formation of sub-nano films of fundamental standpoint, DMSs also gramicidin (shown in red). oxidic structures on the (111) surface of present a unique type of system which copper by including the temperature offers the possibility of studying the and pressure dependence of the oxygen interaction between the delocalized CONDENSED MATTER chemical potential. These structures, band electrons of the host semi- THEORY

Our group's focus is on ab initio investigations of materials and surface science phenomena of systems of relevance to technological applications, as well as of fundamental interest. Over the last year, our research activities include: Copper-, gold-, and ceria-based catalysts for energy production, manufacturing, and emission control. Nitride-based semiconductor materials for spintronic and opto- electronic devices. Superhard nitride-based coatings for mechanical cutting tools - as well

as fundamental studies of metal Surface free energies of various copper oxide surface terminations as a function of the oxygen chemical potential, as surfaces. correlated with the pressure for three selected temperatures of interest).

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 17 Fig.2 nitrogen-rich conditions, this indicates that oxygen contamination should be avoided in the creation of the nanocomposites if superhard coatings are desired, and could also be responsible for varying reported values of the hardness of this material.

conductor and the localized d-band self-organized spinodal phase segreg- HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS electrons of the magnetic transition ation, leading to a nanocomposite, “nc- metal (TM) ions, and consequently the TiN/ a-Si3N4/a- and nc-TiSi2”, with The High Energy Physics group is magnetic phenomena, with a relatively strong, sharp interfaces between involved in two large international simple bandstructure. One charact- nanocrystalline regions (of TiN and TiSi2) experiments, Belle at KEK in Tsukuba, eristic feature associated with TM and thin amorphous layers (of SixNy). Japan and ATLAS at CERN near doped III-V(N) semiconductors is that The related, more simple quasi-binary Geneva, Switzerland. the host-bandgap serves as the “arena” nanocomposite, “nc-TiN/a- Si3N4”, The two experiments are at very for the localized TM-d-band electrons, in which exhibits a reported super- different stages of their long life-spans: which the Fermi level is typically located. hardness of 50-60 GPa, is the most Belle has been running since 1999 and This, in principle, facilitates the quantitatively studied and may be boasts a huge amount of collected data, possibility to tune the magnetic behavior regarded as the “prototype'” or “model while ATLAS is due to start operating by external perturbations. Through first- system” for the nitride-based and producing unprecedented amounts principles density-functional theory nanocomposites. The hardness of the of data in early 2008. calculations for isolated transition metal constituent materials, TiN and Si3N4 is doped GaN (TM=V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni only around 20 GPa, so a notable on cation sites), we have discovered a hardness enhancement occurs for these novel magnetic metastability in dilute composites. There are, however, magnetic semiconductors time: Besides conflicting reports for the hardness of the expected ground high spin (HS) this material, in particular notably lower states (4µΒ/Mn and 5Β/Fe), there are also values of 30-35 GPa. Clearly, it is of metastable low spin (LS) states (0 µΒ/Mn significant importance to understand the and 1 µΒ/Fe). This phenomenon can be origin and extent of the super- explained in simple terms on the basis of strengthening effect in ceramic nano- ligand field theory. The transition composites, and critical experimental between the HS and LS states and theoretical evidence is needed to corresponds to an intra-ionic transfer of verify and understand reported result. two electrons between the t2 and e From our extensive density-functional orbitals, accompanied by a spin-flip theory calculations for interfaces in process. The results suggest that TM- this nanocomposite, we find that doped wide-band semiconductors the favorable structure, formed under (such as GaN and AlN) may present a the technically relevant nitrogen-rich new type of light-induced spin- conditions, involves a single Si layer crossover materials. tetrahedrally coordinated to N atoms sandwiched between TiN(111) NITRIDE-BASED SUPERHARD crystallites. NANOCOMPOSITES The tensile strength of bulk TiN in There has been considerable effort in the <111> direction is found to be recent years in identifying and notably greater than in the <100> and developing new and improved super- <110> directions, and similar to the A candidate event containing a B meson decaying and ultra-hard materials. Such weakest bonding direction of diamond. purely to atoms structures clearly have huge potential This suggests that the enhanced technological and industrial hardness of the nanocomposites Belle uses the KEKB accelerator applications, but are also of fundamental compared to that of its constituent which is the most luminous colliding interest with regard to understanding the materials, is primarily due to their beam accelerator ever built. The mechanisms responsible for the affording and enhancing predominant experiment studies the physics of B enhanced hardness. In particular, the interface formation involving the polar mesons (mesons containing a bottom most challenging quest, to find a TiN(111) planes. We also find that quark). Over 600 million B-anti-B meson material harder, more stable, and oxygen impurities diffuse to the pairs have been collected and the focus oxidation resistant than diamond interface region, forming strong bonds of the experiment has been evolving (hardness ≈90 GPa), is proving elusive. with Ti atoms and inducing a striking from the establishment of the violation of One strategy, however, that has lead to reduction in the tensile strength of the CP symmetry using B mesons to the reported hardnesses equal to, and interface. Given the found deteriorating search for new physics beyond the exceeding, that of diamond is based effect of oxygen on the tensile strength Standard Model of particle physics by upon a generic design concept involving of the interfaces favorable under studying very rare decay processes.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 18 The inner detector barrel of ATLAS being positioned in the experiment in 2006.

One of the highlights of 2006 for Belle the decay rate from that expected from 2006. Many of the subsystems of the was the first observation of a purely the Standard Model process. A charged experiment are now recording cosmic leptonic decay of a B meson. It has long Higgs boson, as demanded by ray muons as part of their been expected that decays such as supersymmetric models, would be one commissioning tests. B+ τ+υ should occur, and now Belle such new particle that could play this ATLAS will search for many new has established that indeed they do, at role. phenomena once it is running. These a rate of about 1 in 10000 of all B The truly enormous ATLAS exper- include Higgs bosons, supersymmetric decays. An example candidate event is iment at CERN made significant steps particles, evidence for new dimensions, shown in the upper figure previous towards completion during 2006. It and mini-black holes. Locally we have page. The Standard Model picture of the remains on track to start studying welcomed new graduate student Jason decay process is shown in the lower proton – proton collisions (at 14 TeV Lee and postdoctoral researcher Aldo figure at left. One reason why processes Centre of Mass) early in 2008. Most of Saavedra to the group in 2006, adding like this are very important to study is the experiment is now in place deep to our preparatory work on electron that new as yet undiscovered species of beneath the countryside near Geneva. reconstruction, fast simulation particles can announce their presence The photograph below shows part of techniques for ATLAS calorimetry and by adding extra paths by which the the inner tracking detector, with which studies of how best to detect Higgs decay can occur (replacing the virtual Australia has been involved, being boson decays to tau leptons. intermediate W boson). This could alter inserted into the centre of ATLAS late in

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 19 materials are being developed to validate optical computerized tomography (CT) scanners developed for use in conjunction with radiation- induced polymerizing gel dosimeters. Materials based on the addition of light absorbing dyes to gelatine to simulate gel dosimeters have been developed. To simulate polymerizing gels more accurately, other materials that employ light-scattering colloidal suspensions are added to the gel. Initial results have been obtained using optical CT scanning to evaluate radiation-exposed polymer gels to simulate the addition of colloidal suspensions of varying turbidity. In the future, these materials may prove useful as calibration transfer standards for polymer gel dosimeters. Other research projects and associated collaborations involving staff, postgraduate and undergraduate students included: • Motion correction for radiation oncology and medical imaging (Institute of Medical Physics, School of Physics; Royal North Shore, Royal Prince Alfred and Liverpool Hospitals; School of Medical Radiation Science; Brain and Mind Research Institute) INSTITUTE OF MEDICAL Reconstructed 3D images and optical data obtained from the turbid layered finger phantom, using optical PHYSICS • Radiation dosimetry for radiation computed tomography. oncology and medical imaging 2006 was the third year that the (Institute of Medical Physics, School postgraduate coursework Masters of of Physics; Royal North Shore, Medical Physics (MMedPhys) degree result the School initiated the Westmead and Canberra Hospitals; and Graduate Diploma in Medical development of a Master of Applied ANSTO) Physics had operated in association Nuclear Science degree (MApplNucSci) with the Institute of Medical Physics and Graduate Diploma of Applied • Radiation biology of intensity within the School of Physics. From an Nuclear Science (GradDipApplNucSci) modulated radiation therapies enrolment of six postgraduate course- in the School of Physics based on the (Institute of Medical Physics, School work students in 2004 and 17 in 2005, experience in setting up the of Physics; Bill Walsh Cancer the total number of enrolled MMedPhys postgraduate coursework for the Laboratories; Royal North Shore students increased to 22 in 2006. The Medical Physics program. This required Hospital) number of postgraduate students extensive discussions with internal and undertaking either MSc or PhD research external. The new courses were given • Functional and molecular imaging degrees increased to eleven with the approval by the Faculty of Science in (Institute of Medical Physics, School majority of projects being undertaken in December 2006 with planned first intake of Physics; Royal North Shore, Brain collaboration with local hospitals and of students in Semester 1, 2008. With and Mind Research Institute) other external institutions. the introduction of the nuclear science Competitive research grants in 2006 program there will be overlap in some • Development of radionuclide included income from $340,000 from units of study with the medical physics standards (Institute of Medical the Cancer Council NSW and $408K program. Common units of study will Physics, School of Physics; ANSTO) from the Australian Research Council for include Nuclear Physics; Radiation projects on in-vivo verification of Protection and Health Physics; and • Neutron flux characterisation of OPAL radiotherapy dose delivery in cancer and Radiotherapy Physics and Dosimetry. nuclear reactor (School of Physics; motion compensation in Positron A number of research projects were ANSTO) Emission Tomography imaging. undertaken by academic staff, post- In September 2006 the Australian graduate and undergraduate students Institute of Nuclear Science and through ongoing collaborations with Engineering (AINSE) in conjunction with local hospitals and other external the Australian Nuclear Science and institutions. Technology Organisation (ANSTO) Significant research continues to be proposed an Australian-wide School of undertaken in the area of radiotherapy Nuclear Science and Engineering. As a gel dosimetry. As part of this work gel

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 20 QUANTUM INFORMATION a quantum computer is a huge SYDNEY UNIVERSITY challenge. Most proposals to THEORY GROUP construct one involve building it from PHYSICS EDUCATION scratch “atom by atom”. We have RESEARCH (SUPER) The Quantum Information Theory (QIT) shown that certain materials, when group continued to grow in 2006, with a cooled down to a very low The SUPER group has had a great year year filled with new students, temperature, naturally form a quantum in 2006, with the award of two national workshops, research visitors, and computer on their own. This way, we grants, a publication by Derek Muller exciting new results in quantum may be able to get nature to build our (PhD student) in a premier journal, computing. Some highlights include: quantum computers for us – we just Christine Lindstrom (Honours student) The QIT group hosted the first Sydney have to find (or synthesize) the right receiving the Best Honours thesis prize Quantum Information Theory material, then put it in the fridge! See and the VCs Award for Excellence in Workshop, held in Coogee in February Fig. 1. This research was reported as Teaching being awarded to Manjula 2006. This workshop involved 30 a Rapid Communication in the Sharma. To top it off, two Thai students researchers and students from Physical Review. successfully spent a year of internship Sydney, Queensland, Griffith and each with us. Macquarie Universities as well as The first national grant is from the invited international participants from Australian School Innovation in Science, Caltech, Yale, and Calgary. A similar Technology and Mathematics, DEST on workshop is currently being planned Developing Multimedia Tools for Senior for 2008, with the aim of becoming the High School Physics and involves premier Australian meeting in the field. working with partner schools and delivering cutting edge research into We hosted 15 Australian and schools. The second grant is from the international researchers on research Carrick Institute for Learning and visits during 2006, including extended Teaching in Higher Education and is visits by scientists from Cambridge, carrying forward earlier initiatives. The Caltech, the Norwegian Institute for focus in this round is on service Science and Technology, and the teaching, graduate destinations and Perimeter Institute for Theoretical laboratory teaching. John OByrne is Physics. In particular, Dr Terrence heading the graduate destinations effort. Rudolph from Imperial College London Research in the group is progressing was awarded a competitive USyd extremely well. We have been invited to Short-Term Visiting Fellowship and, write chapters in books, a paper on the together with his two PhD students Figure 1: A one-fifth-depleted square lattice of spin-1/2 transfer of mathematics skills was the Nicholas Harrigan and Michael quantum systems, where solid lines represent Ising most downloaded paper for that journal Varnava, visited the QIT group for six interactions and dashed lines Heisenberg for the year, work on classroom weeks. antiferromagnetic interactions. The low-energy communications with Joe Khachan and effective theory for this lattice is given by a Hamiltonian John O’Byrne has been included in a Funded by a USydney Research & with five-body terms (one such is shown) and yields a major review and work on student Development grant, the QIT group is ground state that is universal for measurement-based understandings of gravity in another investigating how ensembles of atoms quantum computation. review article. in cold gases can serve as quantum- enhanced “direction indicators,” useful for ultra-high-precision measurements of magnetic fields. The key idea is to take advantage of spin-squeezing, a loophole in Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle in which we greatly reduce the uncertainty in one direction at the expense of another. In 2006, Daniel Yardley completed the first Honours degree within the QIT group with an investigation into how two such spin- squeezed ensembles can compensate for each other and reach a quantum- enhanced precision in direction.

In joint work with Dr Rudolph, we made a significant breakthrough in understand how exotic quantum computers might one day be built. Quantum computers are potentially much more powerful than the computers we use today, but building

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 21 OVERVIEW OF clusters in the horologium-reticulum Chu Paul (2006). Control of stress and supercluster. The Astronomical Journal delamination in single and multi-layer PUBLICATIONS carbon thin films prepared by cathodic JOURNALS Klamer Ilana Ms, Johnston Helen Dr, arc and RF plasma deposition and Lambert Jamil, McKenzie David Prof, Hunstead Richard Prof, Bryant Julia Dr, implantation. Surface & Coatings Law Susan Dr, Suchowerska Natalka Sadler Elaine Prof, De Breuck Carlos, Technology A/Prof, Elsey Justin (2006). A Plastic Rocca-Volmerange Brigitte (2006). A Scintillation Dosimeter for High Dose search for distant radio galaxies from McKenzie David Prof, Cooper Ian Mr Rate Brachytherapy. Physics in Medicine SUMSS and NVSS - II. Optical (2006). All particle simulations of and Biology spectroscopy. Monthly Notices of the cathodic arc plasmas. Journal of Royal Astronomical Society Applied Physics Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, Varvell Kevin Dr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, Villa S, Burgess Ann Dr, Hunstead Richard Prof McKenzie David Prof, Imenes Anne Ms, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Asano Y, et al (2006). The Molonglo Southern 4 Jy Buie Damien Dr (2006). The design of (2006). Search for the decay B-0- sample (MS4). I. Definition. The broadband wide-angle interference >gamma gamma. PHYSICAL REVIEW D Astronomical Journal filters for solar concentrating systems. Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells Cox Felicity Ms, Argyros Alexander Dr, Burgess Ann Dr, Hunstead Richard Prof Large Maryanne Dr (2006). Liquid-filled (2006). The Molonglo Southern 4 Jy McKenzie David Prof, Kwok Chung Dr, hollow core microstructured polymer sample (MS4). II. ATCA imaging and Bilek Marcela Prof, Ho Joan Ms, Wang optical fiber. Optics Express optical identification. The Astronomical G, Chu Paul (2006). Anticoagulation Journal behavior of phosphorus -doped carbon Tarrant Richard Dr, Warschkow Oliver Dr, (PxC) films synthesized by plasma McKenzie David Prof (2006). Raman Hunstead Richard Prof, Cox N L J Mr, immersion ion implantation and spectra of partially oriented sp(2) carbon McIntyre V, Subrahmanyan R (2006). deposition. New Diamond and Frontier films: Experimental and modelled. SGRS J0515-8100: A fat-double giant Carbon Technology: an inter-national Vibrational Spectroscopy radio galaxy. Astrophysical Journal journal on new diamond frontier carbon and related materials Scholz M Dr, Ireland Michael Dr (2006). Cross Rodney A/Prof, Bower Rob (2006). Observable effects of dust formation in Effects of swing-weight on swing speed Melrose Donald Prof, Fok Ricky Mr, dynamic atmospheres of M-type Mira and racket power. Journal of Sports Menezes Debora Dr (2006). Pair variables. Monthly Notices of the Royal Sciences emission from bare magnetized strange Astronomical Society stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Cross Rodney A/Prof (2006). Fatal falls Astronomical Society Davis John Prof, Ausseloos M, Aerts C, from a height: Two case studies. Journal Lefever K, Harmanec P (2006). High- of Forensic Sciences Melrose Donald Prof, Watson Paul Dr precision elements of double-lined (2006). Scintillation of radio sources: spectroscopic binaries from combined Cross Rodney A/Prof (2006). The fall and The role of caustics. Astrophysical interferometry and spectroscopy - bounce of pencils and other elongated Journal Application to the beta Cephei star beta objects. American Journal of Physics Centauri. Astronomy & Astrophysics: a Melrose Donald Prof, Menezes Debora European journal James Brian A/Prof, Andruczyk Daniel Dr, Providencia C (2006). Quark stars Mr, Namba S, Takiyama K, Oda T (2006). within relativistic models. Journal of Davis John Prof (2006). Forty years of A short-pulsed compact supersonic Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics progress in long-baseline optical helium beam source for plasma interferometry: 2005 Robert Ellery diagnostics. Plasma Devices and Melrose Donald Prof, Weise Jeanette Dr, Lecture. Astronomical Society of Operations McOrist Jock Mr (2006). Relativistic Australia. Publications (Print Edition) quantum plasma dispersion functions. McKenzie David Prof, Bilek Marcela Prof, Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Tango William Dr, Davis John Prof, Jacob Ha Peter Mr, Kwok Chung Mr, Chu Paul Theoretical (Print Edition) Andrew Mr, Mendez Alberto Dr, North (2006). Biocompatibility of calcium and Julian Mr, Tuthill Peter Dr, Ireland Michael phosphorus doped diamond-like carbon Melrose Donald Prof, Menezes Debora Dr, Aerts C, Uytterhoeven, Seneta E B thin films synthesized by plasma Dr, Providencia C, Wu Kinwah (2006). (2006). Orbital elements masses and immersion ion implantation and Gamma-ray bursts and the QCD phase distance of lambda Scorpii A and B deposition. Diamond and Related diagram. Physical Review C (Nuclear determined with the Sydney University Materials Physics) Stellar Interferometer and high-resolution spectroscopy. Monthly Notices of the McKenzie David Prof, Bilek Marcela Prof, Melrose Donald Prof, Miller Andrew, Royal Astronomical Society Xiao X L, McCulloch D (2006). The Karastergiou Aristeidis Dr, Luo Qinghuan microstructure and stability of Al/AlN Dr (2006). An empirical model for the Hunstead Richard Prof, Fleenor M C, multilayered films. Journal of Applied polarization of pulsar radio emission. Rose J A, Christiansen Wayne A, Physics Monthly Notices of the Royal Johnston-Hollitt Melanie, Drinkwater Astronomical Society Michael J, Saunders W (2006). Redshifts McKenzie David Prof, Ha Peter Mr, Bilek and velocity dispersions of galaxy Marcela Prof, Doyle E D, McCulloch D,

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 22 Bedding Timothy Prof, Brewer Brendon BOLD responses to stimuli: Luo Qinghuan Dr, Melrose Donald Prof Mr, Retter Alon Dr, Butler R P, Carrier Dependence on frequency stimulus (2006). Anisotropic weak turbulence of Fabien, Bouchy F, Eggenberger Patrick, form amplitude and repetition rate. Alfven waves in collisionless Grundahl Frank, Kjeldsen H, McCarthy NeuroImage astrophysical plasmas. Monthly Notices C, Tinney C G, Nielsen Tinebjärn (2006). of the Royal Astronomical Society Solar-like oscillations in the metal-poor Henderson J, Phillips Andrew Mr, subgiant nu Indi: Constraining the mass Robinson Peter Prof (2006). Green Anne Assoc Prof, Paron Sergio A, and age using asteroseismology. Multielectrode electroencephalogram Reynoso E M, Purcell Cormac, Dubner Astrophysical Journal power spectra: Theory and application Gloria M (2006). An atomic and to approximate correction of volume molecular study of the interstellar Bedding Timothy Prof, Dall T, Santos conduction effects. Physical review E medium around the supernova remnant N.C., Arentoft T, Kjeldsen H (2006). Statistical nonlinear and soft matter RCW 103. Astronomical Society of Bisectors of the cross-correlation physics Australia. Publications (Print Edition) function applied to stellar spectra - Discriminating stellar activity oscillations Robinson Peter Prof (2006). Patchy Green Anne Assoc Prof, Deacon Rachel and planets. Astronomy & Astrophysics: propagators brain dynamics and the Ms, Cohen M, Chapman J, Sault R J, a European journal generation of spatially structured Parker Quentin A. (2006). Radio gamma oscillations. Physical review E observations of the planetary nebula Bedding Timothy Prof, Kiss Laszlo Dr, Statistical nonlinear and soft matter around the OH/IR star OH 354.88-0.54 Jacob Andrew Mr, Randall S, Fontaine physics (V1018 Sco). Monthly Notices of the G, Green E M, Brassard P., Kilkenny D, Royal Astronomical Society Crause L, Terndrup D.M., Daane A, For Robinson Peter Prof, Hole Matthew Dr, B Q, Quirion P, Chayer P. (2006). Cairns Iver Prof (2006). Statistics of Green Anne Assoc Prof, Reynoso Estela Asteroseismological studies of long- polarization and Stokes parameters: Dr, Johnston S, Koribalski B (2006). period variable subdwarf B stars. I. A Multiple orthonormal wave populations. High-resolution H I and radio continuum multisite campaign on PG 1627+017. Physics of Plasmas observations of the SNR G290.1-0.8. Astrophysical Journal Monthly Notices of the Royal De Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, White Astronomical Society Stello Dennis Mr, Bedding Timothy Prof, Thomas Mr, McPhedran Ross Prof, Kjeldsen H, Buzasi D L (2006). Botten L C Prof (2006). Wide-angle Green Anne Assoc Prof, Haverkorn M, Oscillation mode lifetimes in xi Hydrae: coupling into rod-type photonic crystals Brown J A C, Bizunok N S, Gaensler B will strong mode damping limit with ultralow reflectance. Physical M Prof, McClure-Griffiths N Dr, Dickey J asteroseismology of red giant stars?. review E Statistical nonlinear and soft M (2006). Enhanced small-scale faraday Astronomy & Astrophysics: a European matter physics rotation in the galactic spiral arms. journal Astrophysical Journal De Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Bedding Timothy Prof, Boshuizen McPhedran Ross Prof, Chen Shigang, Khachan Joseph Dr, Shrier Oded Mr, Christopher Mr, Monger Anthony Dr, Brnovic J Mr, Dossou K, Botten L C Dr, Bosi Stephen Dr (2006). A Markov chain Pfitzner Leigh M, Kjeldsen H (2006). Asatryan A Dr (2006). Efficient couplers approach to modelling charge exchange MONS space telescope part 1: optical for photonic crystal waveguides. Optics processes of an ion beam in design analysis. Optical Engineering Communications monotonically increasing or decreasing potentials. Journal of Physics A: Hashemi-Nezhad Seyed Mr, Steinvurzel P Mr, de Sterke Carel Mathematical and Theoretical (Print Manolopoulou M, Fragopoolou M, (Martijn) Prof, Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Edition) Stoulos S, Koukorava C, Spyrou A, Kuhlmey Boris Dr, Steel Michael Dr Perdikakis G, Zamani M (2006). Studies (2006). Mode field distributions in solid Khachan Joseph Dr, Shrier Oded Mr, on the response of He-3 and He-4 core photonic bandgap fibers. Optics Bosi Stephen Dr, Fitzgerald Michael Mr, proportional counters to monoenergetic Communications Evans Nicholas Mr (2006). Diverging ion fast neutrons. Nuclear Instruments & motion in an inertial electrostatic Methods in Physics Research. Section De Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Dignam M confinement discharge. Physics of A. Accelerators Spectrometers Detect- Dr, Fussell D P Dr, Steel Michael Dr, Plasmas ors and Associated Equipment McPhedran Ross Prof (2006). Spontaneous emission suppression via Reynoso Estela Dr, Johnston Simon Dr, Breakspear Michael Dr, Roberts James quantum path interference in coupled Green Anne Assoc Prof, Dubner Gloria Mr, Robinson Peter Prof, Terry J A, microcavities. Physical Review Letters M, Giacani E (2006). The interior of the Rodrigues S, Mahant N (2006). A SNR RX J0852.0-4622 (Vela Jr) at radio unifying explanation of primary De Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Hansen R wavelengths. Astronomy & Astro- generalized seizures through nonlinear Mr, Botten L C Dr (2006). Supermodes physics: a European journal brain modeling and bifurcation analysis. in multiple coupled photonic crystal Cerebral Cortex waveguides. Optics Express Johnston Simon Dr, Karastergiou Aris Dr, Willett Kyle (2006). High-frequency Robinson Peter Prof, Drysdale Peter Dr, Luo Qinghuan Dr (2006). Coherent observations of southern pulsars. Rigozzi Michelle Ms, Kyriakou Elizabeth synchrotron emission from cosmic ray Monthly Notices of the Royal Ms, Rennie Christopher Dr, Van der air showers. Monthly Notices of the Astronomical Society Merwe H Mr, Germanoska B Mr (2006). Royal Astronomical Society

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 23 Sadler Elaine Prof, Hancock Paul Mr, Lenzen Manfred Dr, Wood Richard Tarrant Richard Dr, Andruczyk Daniel Mr, Walker Mark Dr, Murphy Tara Dr, Ricci (2006). Zero-value problems of the James Brian A/Prof, Bilek Marcela Prof, Roberto, Ekers R, Ekers J A, Jackson C, logarithmic mean divisia index Warr George Dr (2006). Langmuir probe Kesteven M J, Phillips C, Reinfrank decomposition method. Energy Policy study of a titanium pulsed filtered Robert F, Staveley-Smith L, cathodic arc discharge. Plasma Sources Subrahmanyan R, Wilson W, De Zotti Lenzen Manfred Dr, Dey Christopher Dr, Science and Technology Gianfranco (2006). The properties of Wood Richard, Lundie S (2006). A extragalactic radio sources selected at comparative study of some O'Toole Simon Dr, Jeffery C S, Heber U, 20 GHz. Monthly Notices of the Royal environmental impacts of conventional Dreizler S, Schuh S L, Woolf V M, Et al Astronomical Society and organic farming in Australia. (2006). The MSST campaign: 4 m Agricultural Systems spectroscopy of PG 1605+072. BALTIC Vladimirov Serguei Prof, Kompaneets R, ASTRONOMY Ivlev A. V., Tsytovich V, Morfill G E (2006). Lenzen Manfred Dr (2006). Dust clusters with non-Hamiltonian Decomposition analysis and the mean- Tuthill Peter Dr, Monnier J D, Tanner particle dynamics. Physics of Plasmas rate-of-change index. Applied Energy Angelle, Figer Donald, Ghez Andrea, Danchi W C (2006). Pinwheels in the Vladimirov Serguei Prof, Tsytovich V, Dey Christopher Dr, Royne Anja Dr quintuplet cluster. Science Morfill G E (2006). Size of dust voids as (2006). Effect of nozzle geometry on a function of the power input in dusty pressure drop and heat transfer in Tuthill Peter Dr, Millan-Gabet R, Monnier plasma. Journal of Experimental and submerged jet arrays. International J D, Akeson R L, Hartmann L, Berger J Theoretical Physics Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer P, Tannirkulum A, Melnikov S, Billmeier R, Calvet N, D'Alessio P, Hillenbrand L Vladimirov Serguei Prof, Morfill G E, Wheatland Michael Dr (2006). A rate- A, Kuchner M, Traub W A, Beichman C, Yaroshenko V.V. (2006). Bending modes independent test for solar flare Boden A, Booth A, Colavita M, Creech- in the hexagonal dust-plasma crystal. sympathy. Solar Physics: a journal for Eakman M, Gathright J, Hrynevych M, Physics of Plasmas solar and solar-stellar research and the Koresko C, Le Mignant D, Ligon R, study of solar terrestrial physics Mennesson B, Neyman C, Sargent A, Vladimirov Serguei Prof, Tsytovich V, Shao X M, Swain M, Thompson R, Vaulina O.S., Petrov O.F., Fortov V.E. Wheatland Michael Dr, Liu Y, McTiernan Unwin S, van Belle G, Vasisht G, (2006). Theory of dust self-organized Jim, Regnier Stephane, Valori Gherardo, Wizinowich P (2006). Keck convection in cylindrical discharges. I. Wiegelmann Thomas, Schrijver Carolus, interferometer observations of FU The model and stationary nonlinear dust Derosa Marc, Metcalf Thomas R (2006). Orionis objects. Astrophysical Journal structures. Physics of Plasmas Nonlinear force-free modeling of coronal magnetic fields part I: A quantitative Li Bo Dr, Robinson Peter Prof, Cairns Vladimirov Serguei Prof, Tsytovich V, comparison of methods. Solar Physics: Iver Prof (2006). Quasilinear calculation Vaulina O.S., Petrov O.F., Fortov V.E. a journal for solar and solar-stellar of Langmuir wave generation and beam (2006). Theory of dust self-organized research and the study of solar propagation in the presence of density convection in cylindrical discharges. II. terrestrial physics fluctuations. Physics of Plasmas Dust convective structures. Physics of Plasmas Wheatland Michael Dr, Barnes G, Leka Li Bo Dr, Robson R.E, White R.D. K D (2006). Quantifying the performance (2006). Magnetic field effects on spatial Vladimirov Serguei Prof, Vaulina O.S., of force-free extrapolation methods relaxation of swarm particles in the Repin A. Yu., Goree J (2006). Effect of using known solutions. Astrophysical idealized steady-state Townsend electrostatic plasma oscillations on the Journal experiment. Physical review E Statistical kinetic energy of a charged nonlinear and soft matter physics macroparticle. Physics of Plasmas Cairns Iver Prof, McMillan Ben Dr (2006). Lower hybrid turbulence driven Kocer Cenk Dr, Hirosaki N, Ogata S Weise Jeanette Dr, Melrose Donald Prof by parallel currents and associated (2006). The strength and hardness of (2006). Vacuum polarization in electron energization. Physics of cubic spinel SiAlON (c-Si6-zAlzOzN8-z supercritical fields and at frequencies Plasmas z=1). Scripta Materialia above 2m. PHYSICAL REVIEW D Cairns Iver Prof, Ivanov Alexey Dr Samarian Alexandre Dr, Couedel L, Ng Kwok Dr, So Lai Ms, Bilek Marcela (2006). Nontrapping arrest of Langmuir Mikikian M, Boufendi L (2006). Residual Prof, Pigram P, Brack N (2006). X-ray wave damping near the threshold dust charges in discharge afterglow. photoelectron spectroscopic study of amplitude. Physical Review Letters Physical review E Statistical nonlinear the surface chemistry of soda-lime glass and soft matter physics in vacuum. Surface and Interface Tarrant Richard Dr, Devasahayam Sheila Analysis Dr, McKenzie David Prof, Bilek Marcela Klamer Ilana Ms, Bryant Julia Dr, Prof (2006). The distribution and depth Hunstead Richard Prof, Sadler Elaine Lenzen Manfred Dr (2006). Uncertainty of ion doses implanted into wedges by Prof, Ekers R D, De Breuck Carlos in impact and externality assessments - plasma immersion ion implantation in (2006). A search for distant radio Implications for decision-making. drifting and stationary plasmas. Plasma galaxies from SUMSS and NVSS - III. International Journal of Life Cycle Sources Science and Technology Radio spectral energy distributions and Assessment the z-alpha correlation. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 24 Bilek Marcela Prof, McKenzie David Prof Gan Bee Dr, Davies Kerrie Dr, McKenzie Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Gil-Merino (2006). A comprehensive model of David Prof, Latella B A, McCulloch D Rodrigo Dr (2006). Quasar microlensing: stress generation and relief processes in (2006). Titanium nitride/vanadium nitride When compact masses mimic smooth thin films deposited with energetic ions. alloy coatings: mechanical properties matter. Astrophysical Journal Surface & Coatings Technology and adhesion characteristics. Surface & Coatings Technology Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Gil-Merino Bilek Marcela Prof, Newton-McGee Rodrigo Dr (2006). Seeing star formation Katherine Ms, McKenzie David Prof, Yin Yongbai Dr, Proschek Michael Mr, regions with gravitational microlensing. McCulloch Dougal (2006). The role of McKenzie David Prof, Bilek Marcela Astrophysical Journal energetic ions from plasma in the Prof, Hang Lingxia Mr (2006). A novel creation of nanostructured materials and method for thickness profile control in Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Ibata R A (2006). stable polymer surface treatments. RF PECVD deposition on large area Gravitational microlensing of quasar Nuclear Instruments & Methods in substrates. Surface & Coatings broad-line regions: the influence of Physics Research. Section A. Technology fractal structures. Monthly Notices of the Accelerators Spectrometers Detectors Royal Astronomical Society and Associated Equipment Yin Yongbai Dr, Bilek Marcela Prof, McKenzie David Prof (2006). The origins Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Conn Blair Mr, Steel Bradley Mr, McKenzie David Prof, of self-bias on dielectric substrates in RF Martin NG, Irwin M J, Ibata R A, Bilek Marcela Prof, dos Remedios plasma processing. Surface & Coatings Bellazzini Michele, Chapman S C, Tanvir Cristobal Prof, Nosworthy Neil Dr Technology N (2006). A radial velocity survey of low (2006). Nanosecond responses of Galactic latitude structures - III. The proteins to ultra-high temperature Yin Yongbai Dr, McKenzie David Prof, Monoceros Ring in front of the Carina pulses. Biophysical Journal. Bilek Marcela Prof (2006). Analytic and Andromeda galaxies. Monthly analysis on asymmetrical micro arcing in Notices of the Royal Astronomical Littler Ian Dr, Rochette M Dr, Eggleton high plasma potential RF plasma Society Benjamin Prof (2006). Impact of systems. Plasma Sources Science and chromatic dispersion and group delay Technology Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Conn Blair Mr, ripple on self-phase modulation based Bellazzini Michele, Ibata R, Martin NG, optical regenerators. Optics Yin Yongbai Dr, Hang Lingxia Mr, Junqi Irwin M J (2006). The core of the Canis Communications Xu (2006). Optimisation of diamond-like Major galaxy as traced by red clump carbon films by unbalanced magnetron stars. Monthly Notices of the Royal Littler Ian Dr, Fu Libin Dr, Lee Michael Mr, sputtering for infrared transmission Astronomical Society Eggleton Benjamin Prof (2006). enhancement. Thin Solid Films Investigation of single harmonic group Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Brewer Brendon delay ripple on picosecond pulses using Kwok Tat-Kun Dr (2006). Numerical Mr (2006). Strong gravitational lens FROG: Tailoring pulse bursts. Optics simulation of metal plasma immersion inversion: a bayesian approach. Communications ion implantation and deposition on a Astrophysical Journal dielectric wedge. IEEE Transactions on Littler Ian Dr, Grujic Thomas Mr, Plasma Science Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Balogh Michael L, Eggleton Benjamin Prof (2006). Babul Arif, Voitiskova M, McCarthy Ian Photothermal effects in fiber Bragg Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Swinbank A M, G, Ebeling Harald, Jones L. An analytic gratings. Applied Optics Chapman S C, Smail Ian, Lindner C, investigation of the scatter in the Borys C, Blain A W, Ivison R J (2006). integrated X-ray properties of galaxy Littler Ian Dr, Chow J H, McClelland D E, The link between submillimetre galaxies groups and clusters. Monthly Notices of Gray M B (2006). Laser frequency- and luminous ellipticals: near-infrared the Royal Astronomical Society noise-limited ultrahigh resolution remote IFU spectroscopy of submillimetre fiber sensing. Optics Express galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Iredale T, Astronomical Society Steinvurzel P Mr (2006). Electric-arc- Littler Ian Dr, Domachuk Peter Mr, induced long-period gratings in fluid- Cronin-Golomb M Prof, Eggleton Lewis Geraint A/Prof, McConnachie A, filled photonic bandgap fibre. Benjamin Prof (2006). Compact Chapman S C, Ibata R A, Ferguson A M Electronics Letters resonant integrated microfluidic N, Irwin M J, Tanvir N R, Martin NG refractometer. Applied Physics Letters (2006). The stellar halo and outer disk of Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Lamont M Mr, M33. Astrophysical Journal Rochette M Dr, Moss David Dr (2006). Gan Bee Dr, Bilek Marcela Prof, Two-photon absorption effects on self- Kondyurin Aleksey Dr, Mizuno K Dr, Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Tuntsov Artem Mr phase-modulation-based 2R optical McKenzie David Prof (2006). Etching (2006). Microlensing in phase space - I. regeneration. IEEE Photonics and structural changes in nitrogen Continuous propagation of variability Technology Letters plasma immersion ion implanted moments. Monthly Notices of the Royal polystyrene films. Nuclear Instruments & Astronomical Society Blows Justin Dr, Hu Pei, Eggleton Methods in Physics Research. Section Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Tuntsov Artem Mr Benjamin Prof (2006) Differential group B. Beam Interactions with Materials and (2006). Microlensing in phase space - II. delay monitoring using an all-optical Atoms Correlations analysis. Monthly Notices signal spectrum-analyser. Optics of the Royal Astronomical Society Communications

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 25 Kiss Laszlo Dr, Derekas Aliz Ms, Moore Tuning properties of long period gratings Grillet Christian Dr, Smith Cameron Mr, Alison, Abraham P, Kiss C.S., Apai D, in photonic bandgap fibers. Optics Magi Eric Dr, Moss David Dr, Eggleton Grady D., Henning C. TH (2006). Nearby Letters Benjamin Prof, Freeman Darren, debris disk systems with high fractional Madden Steve, Luther-Davies B (2006). luminosity reconsidered. Astrophysical Pudo D Mr, Magi Eric Dr, Eggleton Efficient coupling to chalcogenide glass Journal Benjamin Prof (2006). Long-period photonic crystal waveguides via silica gratings in chalcogenide fibers. Optics optical fiber nanowires. Optics Express Kiss Laszlo Dr, Bedding Timothy Prof, Express Jacob Andrew Mr, Green B.Q., Houska J Mr, Warschkow Oliver Dr, O'Donoghue E.M, Randall S, Fontaine Steinvurzel P Mr, Magi Eric Dr, Kuhlmey Bilek Marcela Prof, McKenzie David G, O'Toole Simon J, Hyde E A (2006). Boris Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Moore Prof, Vicek J, Potocky S (2006). The First attempt at spectroscopic detection E D (2006). Long period grating effect of argon on the structure of of gravity modes in the long-period resonances in photonic bandgap fiber. amorphousSiBCN materials: an experi- pulsating subdwarf B star PG Optics Express mental and ab initio study. Journal of 1627+017. Astrophysical Journal Physics: Condensed Matter Mo L Mr, Baldock Clive Prof, Cassette P Brewer Brendon Mr, Lewis Geraint (2006). The influence of rejection of a Warschkow Oliver Dr, Ellis D E, Terra A/Prof (2006). The Einstein Ring 0047- fraction of the single photoelectron peak Joice, Jiang M, Gonzalez Gabriela, 2808 Revisited: A Bayesian Inversion. in liquid scintillation counting. Nuclear Okajinski J F, Bedzyke M J, Rossi Astrophysical Journal Instruments & Methods in Physics Alexandre M, Eon Jean-Guillaume Research. Section A. Accelerators, (2006). A theoretical and experimental Bolger Jeremy Dr, Rochette M Dr, Spectrometers, Detectors and study of lead substitution in calcium Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Magne J, Associated Equipment hydroxyapatite. Physical Chemistry LaRochelle S, Chen Lawrence Chemical Physics Generation of a 4 x 100 GHz pulse-train Baldock Clive Prof, Mo L Mr, Davies J B from a single-wavelength 10-GHz Mr, Reinhardt L, Alexieva D (2006). Warschkow Oliver Dr, Marks Nigel Dr, mode-locked laser using superimposed Calibration of the Capintec CRC-712M McKenzie David Prof, Schofield Stephen fiber Bragg gratings and nonlinear dose calibrator for F-18. Applied R, Curson N.J., Wilson Hugh F, conversion. Journal of Lightwave Radiation and Isotopes Simmons M Y, Smith P V, Radny Marian, Technology R, Azana Jose (2006). Clark Robert G (2006). Phosphine Kuhlmey Boris Dr, Pathmanandavel dissociation and diffusion on Si(001) Stampfl Catherine Prof, Hao Shiqiang Karrnan Mr, McPhedran Ross Prof observed at the atomic scale. Journal of Dr, Delley B, Veprek Stan (2006). (2006). Multipole analysis of photonic Physical Chemistry B: Condensed Superhard nitride-based nanocompos- crystal fibers with coated inclusions. Matter Materials Surfaces Interfaces & ites: Role of interfaces and effect of Optics Express Biophysical impurities. Physical Review Letters Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Tam Eugene Mr, Warschkow Oliver Dr, Miljacic L J, Ellis D Stampfl Catherine Prof, Hao Shiqiang Levchenko Igor Dr (2006). Deterministic E, Gonzalez G B, Mason T O (2006). Dr, Delley B (2006). Structure and shape control in plasma-aided nanotip Interstitial oxygen in tin-doped indium properties of TiN(111)/SixNy/TiN(111) assembly. Journal of Applied Physics oxide transparent conductors. Journal interfaces in superhard nanocompos- of the American Ceramic Society ites: First-principles investigations. Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Levchenko Igor Physical Review B Dr, Keidar M, Xu S (2006). Deterministic Moss David Dr, Nguyen Hong Mr, nanoassembly: Neutral or plasma Finsterbusch Klaus Prof, Eggleton Stampfl Catherine Prof, Hao Shiqiang route?. Applied Physics Letters Benjamin Prof (2006). Dispersion in Dr, Delley B (2006). Role of oxygen in nonlinear figure of merit of As2Se3 TiN(111)/SixNy/TiN(111) interfaces: Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Xu S, Long J D, chalcogenide fibre. Electronics Letters Implications for superhard nanocrystal- Huang S Y (2006). Integrated plasma- line nc-TiN/a-Si3N4 nanocomposites. aided nanofabrication facility: Operation Bastug Turgut Dr, Patra Swarna Dr, Physical Review B parameters and assembly of quantum Kuyucak Serdar Dr (2006). Finite system structures and functional nanomaterials. and periodicity effects in free energy Stampfl Catherine Prof, Da Silva Juarez Vacuum simulations of membrane proteins. L.F. Dr, Scheffler M R (2006). Converged Chemical Physics Letters properties of clean metal surfaces by all- Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Levchenko Igor electron first-principles calculations. Dr, Keidar M, Yu M Y (2006). Bastug Turgut Dr, Patra Swarna Dr, Surface Science Suppression of current fluctuations in a Kuyucak Serdar Dr (2006). Molecular crossed ExB field system for low- dynamics simulations of gramicidin A in Magi Eric Dr, Domachuk Peter Mr, voltage plasma immersion treatment. a lipid bilayer: From structure-function Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Cronin- Journal of Applied Physics relations to force fields. Chemistry and Grolomb Mark Prof (2006). Actuation of Physics of Lipids cantilevers by optical trapping. Applied Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Long J D, Physics Letters Rutkevychb P P, Xu S (2006). Synthesis Bastug Turgut Dr, Kuyucak Serdar Dr of functional nanoassemblies in reactive (2006). Molecular dynamics simulations Magi Eric Dr, Moore Eric Mr, Steinvurzel plasmas. Vacuum of calcium binding in gramicidin A. P Mr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof (2006). Chemical Physics Letters

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 26 Bastug Turgut Dr, Kuyucak Serdar Dr Bartlett Stephen Dr, Rudolph Terry Dr, Monthly Notices of the Royal (2006). Energetics of ion permeation Spekkens R W (2006). Dialogue Astronomical Society rejection binding and block in gramicidin concerning two views on quantum A from free energy simulations. coherence: Factist and fictionist. Derekas Aliz Ms, Young T B, Hidas M G, Biophysical Journal International Journal of Quantum Webb J K, Ashley M C B, Christiansen J Information L, Nutto C (2006). A new detached K7 Bastug Turgut Dr, Gray-Weale Angus Dr, dwarf eclipsing binary system. Monthly Patra Swarna Dr, Kuyucak Serdar Dr Bartlett Stephen Dr, Rudolph Terry Dr, Notices of the Royal Astronomical (2006). Role of protein flexibility in ion Spekkens R W, Turner Peter S (2006). Society permeation: A case study in gramicidin Degradation of a quantum reference A. Biophysical Journal frame. New Journal of Physics Bruntt Hans Dr, Southworth J, Torres G, Penny A J, Clausen J V, Buzasi D L Tomljenovic-Hanic Snjezana Dr, de Bartlett Stephen Dr, Doherty Andrew, (2006). Eclipsing binaries observed with Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Steel Michael Spekkens Robert W, Wiseman H M the WIRE satellite - I. Discovery and Dr (2006). Diamond based photonic (2006). Entanglement under restricted photometric analysis of the new bright crystal microcavities. Optics Express operations: Analogy to mixed-state A0 IV eclipsing binary psi Centauri. entanglement. Physical Review A Astronomy & Astrophysics: a European Tomljenovic-Hanic Snjezana Dr, de journal Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Steel Michael Bartlett Stephen Dr, Ralph T C, O'Brien Dr (2006). Packing density of convent- J L, Wiseman H M, Pryde G. J. (2006). Scholz M Dr, Ohnaka K, Wood P (2006). ional waveguides and photonic crystal Quantum nondemolition measurements Comparison of dynamical model waveguides. Optics Communications for quantum information. Physical atmospheres of Mira variables with mid- Review A infrared interferometric and Cui Xiangyuan Dr, Stampfl Catherine spectroscopic observations. Astronomy Prof, Delley B, Freeman AJ (2006). Ekins-Daukes Nicholas Dr, Sasaki T, & Astrophysics: a European journal Magnetic metastability in tetrahedrally Arafune K, Lee H S, Tanaka S, Ohshita bonded magnetic III-Nitride semi- Y, Yamaguchi M (2006). Effects of Menezes Debora Dr, Avancini S S conductors. Physical Review Letters thermal cycle annealing on reduction of (2006). Density dependent defect density in lattice-mismatched parametrization models: Formalism and Rochette M Dr, Fu Libin Dr, Taeed Vahid InGaAs solar cells. Physica B - applications. Physical Review C (Nuclear Mr, Moss David Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Condensed Matter Physics) Prof (2006). 2R optical regeneration: An all-optical solution for BER Canvin James Dr, Laing R A, Bridle A H Menezes Debora Dr, Providencia C, improvement. IEEE Journal on Selected (2006). Magnetic fields in jets: ordered Brito L, Avancini S S, Chomaz P H Topics in Quantum Electronics or disordered?. Astronomische (2006). Low-density instabilities in Nachrichten relativistic asymmetric matter of Taeed Vahid Mr, Fu Libin Dr, Littler Ian compact stars. Physical Review C Dr, Moss David Dr, Rochette M Dr, Canvin James Dr, Laing R A, Cotton W (Nuclear Physics) Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Shokooh- D, Bridle A H, Parma P (2006). Faraday Saremi Mehrdad Mr, Ruan Y, Luther- rotation variations along radio jets: the Breakspear Michael Dr, Das Pritha Mr, Davies B (2006). Self-phase modulation- magnetic field in galaxy and group Williams Leanne Assoc Prof, Aquino based integrated optical regeneration in halos. Astronomische Nachrichten Kevin Mr, Bullmore Ed T (2006). The chalcogenide waveguides. IEEE Journal multiscale character of evoked cortical on Selected Topics in Quantum Canvin James Dr, Laing R A, Cotton W activity. NeuroImage Electronics D, Bridle A H (2006). Multifrequency observations of the jets in the radio Brand George Dr (2006). Enhanced Fu Libin Dr, Littler Ian Dr, Fuerbach galaxy NGC 315. Monthly Notices of the electromagnetic wave transmission Alexander Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof Royal Astronomical Society through narrow conducting channels. (2006). Efficient optical pulse American Journal of Physics compression using chalcogenide single- Watson Paul Dr, Melrose Donald Prof mode fibers. Applied Physics Letters (2006). Scintillation of radio sources: Lamont M Mr, Beard P C (2006). 2D The signature of a caustic. Astrophysical imaging of ultrasound fields using CCD Taeed Vahid Mr, Fu Libin Dr, Pelusi Mark Journal array to map output of Fabry-Perot Dr, Rochette M Dr, Littler Ian Dr, Moss polymer film sensor. Electronics Letters David Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof Soon Aloysius Dr, Stampfl Catherine Prof, Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, (2006). Error Free All Optical Wavelength Todorova Mira Dr, Delley B (2006). McOnie Samuel Mr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, Conversion in Highly Nonlinear Single Oxygen adsorption and stability of surface Stoeck Holger Dr, Chistov R, Abe K, Mode As2Se3Chalcogenide Fiber. oxides on Cu(111): A first-principles Adachi I, Aihara H, Anipko D, Et al Optics Express investigation. Physical Review B (2006). Observation of new states decaying into Lambda K-c(-)pi(+) and Morrow Richard Dr, Bilek Marcela Prof, Hopkins Andrew Dr. Georgakakis A, Lambda K-+(c)S(0)pi(-). Physical Review McKenzie David Prof (2006). The time- Afonso J, Sullivan M, Mobasher B, Letters dependent development of electric Cram L.E (2006). The Phoenix Deep double-layers in saline solutions. Journal Survey: the star formation rates and the Brand Fergus Dr (2006). Lightwave of Physics D-Applied Physics stellar masses of extremely red objects. Propagation in Subwavelength Holes.

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 27 International Journal of Infrared and Taeed Vahid Mr, Lamont M Mr, Moss Bolger Jeremy Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Millimeter Waves David Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Choi Prof, Sukhorukov Andrey A., Neshev D, Madden Steve, Luther-Davies Barry Dragomir N., Dreischuh Alexander, Warschkow Oliver Dr, Marks Nigel Dr, (2006). All optical wavelength Fischer Robert, Ha Sangwoo, Wilson Hugh, McKenzie David Prof - conversion via cross phase modulation Krolikowski WZ, Mitchell Arnan, Kivshar Radny Marian, Smith P V, Breusch T, in chalcogenide glass rib waveguides. Yuri S. (2006). Polychromatic nonlinear Curson N.J., Schofield Stephen R, Optics Express surface modes generated by Simmons M Y (2006). Importance of supercontinuum light. Optics Express charging in atomic resolution scanning Kuhlmey Boris Dr, Nguyen Hong Mr, tunneling microscopy: study of single Steel Michael Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Wickham Shelley Ms, Large Maryanne phosphorous atom in a Si(001) surface. Prof (2006). Confinement loss in Dr, Poladian Leon Dr, Jermiin Lars Dr Physical Review B adiabatic photonic crystal fiber tapers. (2006). Exaggeration and suppression Journal of the Optical Society of of iridescence: the evolution of two- Tsoy Eduard Dr, de Sterke Carel (Martijn) America B-Optical Physics dimensional butterfly structural colours. Prof (2006). Dynamics of ultrashort Journal of the Royal Society Interface pulses near zero dispersion wavelength. Grillet Christian Dr, McPhedran Ross Journal of the Optical Society of Prof, Moss David Dr, Steel Michael Dr, Lee Kenneth Mr, Fleming Simon Prof, America B-Optical Physics Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Freeman Blows Justin Dr (2006). Poling of single Darren, Luther-Davies Barry, Madden electrode fibre with polyimide Baldock Clive Prof, Vial Philip Mr, Oliver Steve (2006). Characterisation and conductive coating and investigation of Lynne Dr, Green Peter B (2006). An modeling of Fano resonances in poling mechanism. Electronics Letters experimental investigation into the chalcogenide photonic crystal radiation field offset of a dynamic membranes. Optics Express Ord Stephen Dr, Jenet F A, Straten W Van, multileaf collimeter. Physics in Medicine Hobbs J B, Manchester R, Verbiest J P W, and Biology Tomljenovic-Hanic Snjezana Dr, de Edwards R T, Sarkissian J M, Bailes M, Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Steel Michael Hotan A W (2006). Upper bounds on the Large Maryanne Dr, Argyros Alexander Dr (2006). Design of high-Q cavities in low-frequency stochastic gravitational wave Dr, Cox Felicity Ms, Van Eijkelenborg photonic crystal slab heterostructures background from pulsar timing observation: Martijn Dr, Bassett Ian Dr, Lwin Richard, by air-holes infiltration. Optics Express Current Limits and Future Prospects. Barton Geoffrey Mr, Ponrathnam S., Astrophysical Journal Pujari N.S. (2006). Microstructured Baker Neil Mr, Lee Hong, Littler Ian Dr, Polymer Optical Fibres: New de Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Eggleton Law Susan Dr, Fleming Simon Prof, Opportunities and Challenges. Benjamin Prof, Choi D, Madden Steve, Suchowerska Natalka A/Prof, McKenzie Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals Luther-Davies Barry (2006). Sample David Prof (2006). Optical Fiber design Bragg gratings in chalcogenide (As2S3) and the trapping of Cerenkov radiation. Bilek Marcela Prof, Swain Michael Prof, rib waveguides. Optics Express Applied Optics McKenzie David Prof, Lim Sunnie Dr, McCulloch D, du P e, Wuhrer R (2006). Steinvurzel P Mr, de Sterke Carel Bartlett Stephen Dr, Jones S J, The effect of plasma immersion ion (Martijn) Prof, Steel Michael Dr, Kuhlmey Wiseman H M, Vaccaro J A, Pope D T implantation on the contact pressure Boris Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof (2006). (2006). Entanglement and Symmetry: A and composition of titanium nitride thin Single scatterer Fano resonances in Case Study in Superselection Rules films. Surface & Coatings Technology solid core photonic band gap fibers. Reference Frames and Beyond. Optics Express Physical Review A Roy Maitreyee Dr, Cox Guy Dr, Hariharan Parameswaran Dr, Sheppard Adams Rhys Mr, Rochette M Dr, Ng Bartlett Stephen Dr, Dowling Mark R, C J Prof (2006). White-light interference Trina Ms, Eggleton Benjamin Prof Rudolph Terry Dr, Spekkens Robert W microscopy: a way to obtain high lateral (2006). All-Optical In-Band OSNR (2006). Observing coherent super- resolution over an extended range of Monitoring at 40Gb/s Using a Nonlinear position of an atom and a molecule. heights. Optics Express Optical Loop Mirror. IEEE Photonics Physical Review A Technology Letters Hashemi-Nezhad Seyed Dr, Alamatsaz Bartlett Stephen Dr, Rudolph Terry Dr M H (2006). Detection of charged Lamont M Mr, Fu Libin Dr, Rochette M (2006). Simple nearest-neighbour two- particle tracks in the volume of CN-85 Dr, Moss David Dr, Eggleton Benjamin body Hamiltonian system for which the detectors; attributed to neutrons. Prof (2006). 2R optical regenerator in ground state is a universal resource for Radiation Measurements As2Se3 chalcogenide fiber quantum computation. Physical Review A characterized by a frequency-resolved Fussell D P Dr, Magi Eric Dr, McPhedran optical gating analysis. Optical Society Tuthill Peter Dr, Lloyd James P, Ross Prof, Eggleton Benjamin Prof, de of America Journal A: Optics Image Martinache Frantz, Michael Ireland Dr, Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Myers S.J, Science and Vision Monnier J D, Pravdo Steven H, Shaklan Dawes JM (2006). Manipulation of Stuart B (2006). Direct Detection of the spontaneous emission in a tapered Mok Joe Mr, de Sterke Carel (Martijn) Brown Dwarf GJ 802B with Adaptive photonic crystal fibre. Optical Society of Prof, Littler Ian Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Optics Masking Interferometry. America Journal A: Optics Image Prof (2006). Dispersionless slow light Astrophysical Journal Science and Vision using gap solitons. Nature Physics

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 28 Bedding Timothy Prof, Kiss Laszlo Dr, Gil-Merino Rodrigo Dr, Lewis Geraint L, Calisse P, Crighton N H M, Curran S J, Derekas Aliz Ms, Kjeldsen H, Lah P., A/Prof, Gonzalez-Cadelo J, Goicoechea L Davis T M, Dempsey J T, Derragopian G, Szabo G M (2006). Ellipsoidal Variability J, Shalyapin V N (2006). Is there a Lee J K, Ladd E F, Lumsden S L, Moore and Long Secondary Periods in Macho caustic crossing in the lensed quasar T J T, Hidas M G, Hoare M G, Murphy M Red Giant Stars. Astrophysical Journal Q2237+0305 observational data T, Oudmaijer R D, Pracy M B, Rathborne Supplement record?. Monthly Notices of the Royal J, Robertson S.A., Schultz A S B, Astronomical Society Shobbrook J, Sparks P A, Storey J, Tuthill Peter Dr, Pravdo Steven H, Travouillion T, Fulton B (2006). A CH3CN Shaklan Stuart B, Wiktorowicz Sloane J, Sadler Elaine Prof, Wong O I, Ryan- and HCO+ survey towards southern Kulkarni Shri, Lloyd James P, Weber E, Garcia-Appadoo D A, Webster methanol masers associated with star Martinache Frantz, Ireland Michael Dr R L, Staveley-Smith L, Zwaan M A, formation. Monthly Notices of the Royal (2006). Masses of Astrometrically- Meyer M J, Barnes D J, Kilborn V A, Astronomical Society Discovered and Imaged Binaries: G78- Bathal R, de Blok W J G, Disney M J, 28AB and GJ 231.1BC. Astrophysical Doyle M T, Drinkwater M J, Ekers R D, Lewis Geraint A/Prof - Chapman S P, Journal Freeman K C, Gibson B K, Gurovich S, Ibata R, Ferguson A M N, Irwin M, Harnett J, Henning P A, Jerjen H, McConnachie A, Tanvir N (2006). A Rochette M Dr, Blows Justin Dr, Kesteven M J, Knezek P M, Koribalski Kinematically Selescted Metal-poor Eggleton Benjamin Prof (2006). 3R B, Mader Stacy, Marquarding M, Stellar Halo in the Outskirts of M31. optical regeneration: An all-optical Minchin R F, O'Brien J, Putnam M E, Astrophysical Journal solution with BER improvement. Optics Ryder S, Stevens E M, Stewart J, Express Stewart I M, Stootman Frank H, Waugh Lewis Geraint A/Prof - Ibata R, M (2006). The Northern HIPASS Chapman S C, Irwin M, Martin NG Kuncic Zdenka Dr, Broderick Jess Mr, catalogue â " data presentation (2006). A near-zero velocity dispersion Soria R, Ryder S (2006). Multiband completeness and reliability measures. stellar component in the Canes Venatici Study of NGC7424 and its Two Newly Monthly Notices of the Royal dwarf spheroidal galaxy. Monthly Discovered Ultra-Luminous X-ray Astronomical Society Notices of the Royal Astronomical Sources. Monthly Notices of the Royal Society Astronomical Society Sadler Elaine Prof, Fine Stephen Mr, Cannon Russell, Drinkwater M J, Edge Bruntt Hans Dr, Dall T, Strassmeier K G Freeland M Mr, Kuncic Zdenka Dr, Soria Alastair, Eisenstein Daniel, Nichol (2006). Late-Type Active Stars: Rotation R, Bicknell G V (2006). Radio and X-ray Robert, Outram Phillip, Pimbblet K A, De & Companions. Astrophysics and properties of Relativistic Beaming Propris Roberto, Roseboom Isaac, Space Science: an international journal Models for Ultra-Luminous X-ray Wake David, Allen Paul, Bland-Hawthon of astronomy astrophysics and space Sources. Monthly Notices of the Royal J Dr, Bridges T, Carson Daniel, Kuenley science Astronomical Society Chiu, Colless Matthew, Couch Warrick, Schneider Donald P, Driver Simon, Kwok Philip, Collins Richard Prof, Chan Ireland Michael Dr, Tuthill Peter Dr, Hewett P C, Loveday Jon, Ross Hak-Kim (Kim) Prof (2006). Effect of Weiner J, Tatebe K, Hale D D S, Townes Nicholas, Shanks T, Sharp R G, Smith J, spacers on the electrostatic charge C H, Monnier J D, Cohen R, Barry R K, Stoughton Chris, Weilbacher Peter, properties of metered dose inhaler Rajagopal J, Danchi W C (2006). The Brunner Robert, Meiksin Avery, Croom aerosols. Journal of Aerosol Science Asymmetric Dust Environment of IK Scott Dr (2006). The 2dF-SDSS LRG Tauri. Astrophysical Journal and QSO (2SLAQ) Luminous Red Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, Galaxy Survey. Monthly Notices of the Parslow Nicholas Mr, Peak Lawrence Lenzen Manfred Dr, Wier M, Cohen C, Royal Astronomical Society A/Prof, Varvell Kevin Dr, Yabsley B D Dr, Hayami Hitoshi, Shonali Pachauri, Gabyshev N, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Schaeffer R (2006). A comparative Lewis Geraint A/Prof - Mackey A D, Asano Y, et al (2006). Study of decay multivariate analysis of household Huxor A, Ferguson A M N, Tanvir N R, mechanisms in B Lambda (+)(c)p pi(-) energy requirements in Australia Brazil Irwin M, Ibata R, Bridges T, Johnson decays and observation of low-mass Denmark India and Japan. Energy Rachel A (2006). ACS Photometry of structure in the Lambda(+)(c)p system. Extended Luminous Globular Clusters in Physical Review Letters Barnes Luke Mr, Francis Matthew Mr, the Outskirts of M31. Astrophysical James John Mr, Lewis Geraint A/Prof Journal Vodenitcharova-Peneva Tatiana, Zhang (2006). Joining the Hubble flow: Liangchi Prof, Zarudi Irena, Yin Yongbai implications for expanding space. Royal Tuntsov Artem Mr, Lewis Geraint A/Prof Dr, Domyo H, Ho T (2006). The effect of Astronomical Society. Monthly Notices. (2006). On a systematic bias in surface thermal shocks on the stresses in a Letters brightness fluctuations based distances Sapphire Wafer. IEEE Transactions on due to gravitational microlensing. Semiconductor Manufacturing Lewis Geraint A/Prof, Martin N F, Ibata R Monthly Notices of the Royal A, Irwin M J, Chapman S C, Ferguson A Astronomical Society Bakich Andrew Dr, McOnie Samuel Mr, M N, Tanvir N, McConnachie A (2006). Peak Lawrence Mr, Stoeck Holger Dr, Discovery and analysis of three faint Barnes Peter Dr, Kedziora-Chudczer Yabsley Bruce Dr, Inami K, Abe K, dwarf galaxies and a globular cluster in Lucyna Dr, Purcell C R, Adachi I, Aihara H, Anipko D, Kawai H, the outer halo of the Andromeda galaxy. Balasubramanyam R, Burton M G, Walsh Lesiak, Poluektov A, Staric M, Uehara S Monthly Notices of the Royal A J, Minier V, Hunt-Cunningham M R, (2006). First observation of the decay. Astronomical Society Longmore S N, Hill T, Bains I, Busfield A Physics Letters B

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 29 Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, Physical Review Letters Aihara H, Et al (2006). Measurement of Stoeck Holger Dr, Varvell Kevin Dr, Azimuthal asymmetries in inclusive McOnie Samuel Mr, Blyth S, Abe K, Bakich Andrew Dr, Parslow Nicholas Mr, production of hadron pairs in e(+)e(-) Adachi I, Aihara H, Anipko D, Et a, Et a, Varvell Kevin Dr, Nakano E, Abe K, annihilation at Belle. Physical Review Et a, Et a, Et a (2006). Improved Aihara H, Asano Y, Aushev T, Et al Letters measurements of color-suppresed (2006). Change asymmetry of same- decays (B)over-bar(0) D-) pi(0) D-) eta sign dileptions in B-0-B-0 mixing. Bakich Andrew Dr, McOnie Samuel Mr, D-0 omega D-0 pi(0) D-0 eta and D-0 PHYSICAL REVIEW D http://opac.library Peak Lawrence A/Prof, Stoeck Holger omega. PHYSICAL REVIEW D .usyd.edu.au/search/fPHYSICAL+REVI Dr, Varvell Kevin Dr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, EW+D&/fphysical+review+d/1%2C2%2 Poluektov A, Abe K, I, Aihara H, Anipko Boyd S Mr, Ellis Malcolm, Peak C2%2CB/l856&FF=fphysical+review+d D, Et al (2006). Measurement of phi(3) Lawrence A/Prof, Soler F J Mr, Ulrichs +particles+and+fields&1%2C1%2C%2 with a Dalitz plot analysis of Juris Dr, Varvell Kevin Dr, Yabsley Bruce C1%2C0 B+->(DK(*)+)-K-(*)decay. PHYSICAL Dr, Chukanov A, Naumov D, Popov B, REVIEW D Astier P, Autiero D, Et a, Et a, Et a, Et a, Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, Et a (2006). Production properties of McOnie Samuel Mr, Stoeck Holger Dr, Bakich Andrew Dr, McOnie Samuel Mr, K!(892)± vector mesons and their spin Miyazaki Y, Abe K, Aihara H, Anipko D, Stoeck Holger Dr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, alignment as measured in the NOMAD Arinstein K, Et al (2006). Search for Ishikawa A, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, experiment. European Physical Journal lepton flavor violating. Physics Letters B Anipko D, Et al (2006). Measurement of C. Particles and Fields (Print Edition) forward-backward asymmetry and Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, wilson coefficients in B->K(*)|(+)|(-). Yabsley Bruce Dr (2006). Searches for Parslow Nicholas Mr, Peak Lawrence Physical Review Letters pentaquarks at the B-factories. A/Prof, Varvell Kevin Dr, Schumann, International Journal of Modern Physics A Wang C H, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, Et al (2006). Evidence for B - >eta(')pi Parslow Nicholas Mr, Varvell Kevin Dr, Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna, and Improved Measurements for B - Yabsley Bruce Dr, Mohapatra D, Nakao McOnie Samuel Mr, Stoeck Holger Dr, >eta"K. Physical Review Letters M, Nishida S, Abe K, Adachi I, Et al Gokhroo G, Majumdar S, Abe K, Adachi (2006). Observation of b->d gamma and I, Aihara H, Et al (2006). Observation of Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, determination of vertical bar V-td/V-ts a near-threshold D-0(D) over- McOnie Samuel Mr, Peak Lawrence vertical bar. Physical Review Letters bar(0)pi(0)enhancement in B->D- A/Prof, Stoeck Holger Dr, Yabsley Bruce 0(D)over-bar(0)pi K-0 decay. Physical Dr, Widhalm L, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara Bakich Andrew Dr, Peak Lawrence Review Letters H, Arinstein K, Et al (2006). A/Prof, Stoeck Holger Dr, Varvell Kevin Measurement of D-)->pi nu(KI nu) form Dr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, Ronga F J, Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, factors and absolute branching Sarangi T, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Et McOnie Samuel Mr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, fractions. Physical Review Letters al (2006). Measurement of CP violation Stoeck Holger Dr, Wu C H, Wang Ping, in B-0->D*-pi(+) and B-0->D-pi(+) Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Et al (2006). Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, decays. Physical Review Letters Study of J/psi->p(p)over-bar Lambda Yabsley Bruce Dr, Dragic J, Abe K, (Lambda)over-bar and observation of Adachi I, Aihara H, Anipko D, Et al Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, eta(c)->Lambda(Lambda)over-bar at (2006). Measurement of branching Yabsley Bruce Dr, Somov A, Schwartz A Belle. Physical Review Letters fraction and direct CP asymmetry in B- J, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Et al 0->rho(0)pi(0)decays. PHYSICAL (2006). Measurement of the branching Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, REVIEW D fraction polarization and CP asymmetry Stoeck Holger Dr, Kumar R J, Singh JB, for B-0 ->rho(+)rho(-)decays and Abe K, Aihara H, Anipko D, Et al (2006). Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, determination of the cabibbo- Observation of B-+/-->X-c1 pi(+/-) and McOnie Samuel Mr, Peak Lawrence kobayashi-Maskawa Phase phi(2). search for direct CP Violation. A/Prof, Stoeck Holger Dr, Yabsley Bruce Physical Review Letters PHYSICAL REVIEW D Dr, Fang F, Browder T E, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Et al (2006). Search for the Green Anne Assoc Prof, McClure- Cole Shoshanna Ms, Yabsley Bruce Dr, h(c) meson in B-+/-->h(c)K(+/-). Griffiths N, Dickey J M, Gaensler B M Yusa Y, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, PHYSICAL REVIEW D Prof, Haverkorn M (2006). Magnetically Asano Y, Et al (2006). Search for Dominated Strands of Cold Hydrogen in neutrinoless decays tau->lhh and tau- Bakich Andrew Dr, Peak Lawrence the Riegel-Crutcher Cloud. >IV(0). Physics Letters B A/Prof, Varvell Kevin Dr, Garmash A, Astrophysical Journal Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Anipko D, Et Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, al (2006). Evidence of large direct CP Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, McOnie Samuel Mr, Peak Lawrence violation in B-+/-->p(770)K-0(+/-) from Yabsley Bruce Dr, Zhang L M, Zhang Z A/Prof, Stoeck Holger Dr, Varvell Kevin analysis of three-body charmless B-+/-- P, Li J, Abe K, Adachi I, Et al (2006). Dr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, Krokovny P, Abe > K-+/-pi(+/-)pi(+/-)decays. Physical Improved constraints on D-0-(D)over- K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Anipko D, Et al Review Letters bar(0) mixing in D-0->K+pi(-)decays (2006). Measurement of the quark from the Belle detector. Physical Review mixing parameter cos2 phi(1) using Bakich Andrew Dr, Parslow Nicholas Mr, Letters time-dependent Dalitz analysis of Peak Lawrence A/Prof, Yabsley Bruce (B)over-bar(0)->D(K-S(0))pi(+)pi(-))h(0). Dr, Seidl R, Hasuko K, Abe K, Adachi I,

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 30 Bakich Andrew Dr, Peak Lawrence reductions. Monthly Notices of the Royal Gaensler Bryan Prof, Chatterjee A/Prof, Abe K, Adachi I, Aihara H, Astronomical Society Shamibrata Dr, Slane Patrick O, Van der Asano Y, Aushev T, Et al (2006). Study Swaluw E, Camilo F, Hughes J P (2006). of B-+/-->DCPK+/-and (DCPK+/-)-K- Bedding Timothy Prof, Kiss Laszlo Dr, The X-Ray Structure of the Pulsar Bow *decays. PHYSICAL REVIEW D Szabo G M (2006). Variability in red Shock G 189.22+2.90 in the Supernova http://opac.library.usyd.edu.au/search/f supergiant stars: pulsations long Remnant IC 443. Astrophysical Journal secondary periods and convection Bakich Andrew Dr, Soni N, Abe K, noise. Monthly Notices of the Royal Levchenko Igor Dr, Ostrikov Kostyantyn Adachi I, Aihara H, Arinstein K, Et al Astronomical Society Mr, Tam Eugene Mr (2006). Uniformity of (2006). Measurement of branching post-processing of dense nanotube fractions for B->Xc1(2)K(K*)at Belle. Gil-Merino Rodrigo Dr, Mediavilla E, arrays by neutral and ion fluxes. Applied Physics Letters B Mediavilla T., Munoz J.A., Lopez P, Physics Letters Abajas C., Gonzalez-Morcillo C. (2006). Bakich Andrew Dr, Uehara S, Abe K, A Fast and Very Accurate Approach to Hunstead Richard Prof, Hannikainen D, Adachi I, Aihara H, Arinstein K, Yabsley the Computation of Microlensing Wu Kinwah, Stevens Jason A., Vilhu O, B Dr, Et al (2006). Observation of a Magnification Patterns Based on Inverse Rodriguez J, Hjalmarsdotter L (2006). chi'(c2) candidate in gamma gamma- Polygon Mapping. Astrophysical Journal Microquasars: What do radio and X - ray >D(D)over-bar production at Belle. Supplement observations tell us?. Chinese Journal of Physical Review Letters Astronomy and Astrophysics Hunstead Richard Prof, Ferrari C., Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, Feretti L., Maurogordato S, Schindler S. Hunstead Richard Prof, Miller J.M., Seuster R, Abe K, Aihara H, Asano Y, (2006). ATCA observations of the galaxy Homan J., Steeghs D, Rupen M, Aushev T, Yabsley B Dr, Et al (2006). cluster Abell 3921. I. Radio emission Wijnands R, Charles P.A., Fabian A.C. Charm Hadrons from fragmentation and from the central merging sub-clusters. (2006). A Long Hard Look at the B decays in e(+)e(-)annihilation at roots Astronomy & Astrophysics: a European Low/Hard State in Accreting Black s=10.6GeV. PHYSICAL REVIEW D journal Holes. The Astronomical Journal

Bakich Andrew Dr, Parslow Nicholas Mr, Baldock Clive Prof, Hurley C, Petrazini Canvin James Dr, Laing R A, Bridle A H, Varvell Kevin Dr, Yabsley Bruce Dr, G, McLucas C (2006). High-resolution Hardcastle M.J. (2006). A relativistic Mizuk, Danilov M, Abe K, Adachi I, gel dosimetry of a HDR brachytherapy model of the radio jets in 3C 296. Aihara H, Et al (2006). Search for the source using normoxic polymer gel Monthly Notices of the Royal Theta(1540)(+)pentaquark using kaon dosimeters: Preliminary study. Nuclear Astronomical Society secondary interactions at Belle. Physics Instruments & Methods in Physics Letters B Research. Section A. Accelerators Hopkins Andrew Dr, Schmidt S, Spectrometers Detectors and Connolly A J (2006). The DRaGONS Bakich Andrew Dr, Cole Shoshanna Ms, Associated Equipment Survey: A Search for High-Redshift Parslow Nicholas Mr, Miyazaki Y, Abe K, Radio Galaxies and Heavily Obscured Adachi I, Aihara H, Arinstein K, Et al Gaensler Bryan Prof, Green Anne Assoc Active Galactic Nuclei. Astrophysical (2006). Search for lepton and baryon Prof, Haverkorn M, McClure-Griffiths N, Journal number violating tau(-)decays into Dickey J M (2006). The Southern (Lambda)over-bar-pi-(-)and Lambda pi(- Galactic Plane Survey: Polarized Radio Li Bo Dr, Cairns Iver Prof, Robinson ). Physics Letters B Continuum Observ-ations and Analysis. Peter Prof (2006). Numerical modeling Astrophysical Journal Supplement of type III solar radio bursts in the Baldock Clive Prof, Brindha S, inhomogeneous solar corona and Ravindran Paul B (2006). Optimization of Gaensler Bryan Prof, Chatterjee interplanetary medium. Physics of the imaging protocol of an X-ray CT Shamibrata Dr, Blazek J A, Van der Plasmas scanner for evaluation of normoxic Swaluw E, Camilo F, Strappers W polymer gel dosimeters. Journal of (2006). The Duck Redux: An Improved Robinson Peter Prof, Li Bo Dr, Cairns Medical Physics Proper-Motion Upper Limit for the Pulsar Iver Prof (2006). New regimes of stochastic B1757-24 near the Supernova Remnant wave growth: Theory simulation and Hopkins Andrew Dr, Beacom John F. G5.4-1.2. Astrophysical Journal comparison with data. Physics of Plasmas (2006). On the normalisation of the Cosmic Star Formation History. Hashemi-Nezhad Seyed Dr, Zhuk I V, Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Denysenko I Mr, Astrophysical Journal Potapenko A S, Krivopustov M I (2006). Yu Y, Azarenkov N A (2006). Behaviour Calibration of track detectors for fission of the electron temperature in Stello Dennis Mr, Bedding Timothy Prof, rate determination: An experimental and nonuniform complex plasmas. Physical Arentoft T Mr, Bruntt Hans Dr, Dind Zoe theoretical study. Nuclear Instruments & review E Statistical nonlinear and soft Ms, Jacob Andrew Mr, Kiss Laszlo Dr, Methods in Physics Research. Section matter physics Bouzid M.Y., Csubry Z, Dall T, Frandsen A. Accelerators Spectrometers S, Gilliland R.L., Jensen H.R., Kang Detectors and Associated Equipment Levchenko Igor Dr, Ostrikov Kostyantyn Y.B., Kim S.L., Kjeldsen H, Koo J.R., Dr (2006). Simulation of ion flux Lee J.A., Lee C.U., Nuspl J., Sterken C., Gaensler Bryan Prof, Slane Patrick O distribution in conductive and non- Szabo R (2006). Multisite campaign on (2006). The Evolution and Structure of conductive nanotip patterns. the open cluster M67 â " I. Pulsar Wind Nebulae. Annual Review of International Journal of Nanoscience Observations and photometric Astronomy and Astrophysics

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 31 Yin Yongbai Dr, Hang Lingxia Mr, Reusch Thilo C G, Radny Marian, Smith Notices of the Royal Astronomical Proschek Michael Dr, McKenzie David Prof, P V, Simmons M Y (2006). Thermal Society Bilek Marcela Prof, Allan Scott, Han Jason, dissociation & desorption of PH3 on Rubanov S, Lauder R D T, Godfrey R B Si(001): A reinterpretation of spectro- Fulton Roger A/Prof, Tellmann L, (2006). Characterization of a large area scopic data. Physical Review B Pietrzyk U, Nickel I, Strangier I, Winz O, scanning PECVD deposition system with Herzog H (2006). Concepts of small size RF electrodes. Thin Solid Films Marks Nigel Dr, Harrowell Peter Prof, registration and correction of head Thomas B S (2006). Inversion of defect motion in position emission tomography. Yin Yongbai Dr, Pan Y Mr, Hang Lingxia interactions due to ordering in Sr1 Zeitschrift fuer Medizinische Physik Mr, Bilek Marcela Prof, McKenzie David 3x/2LaxTiO3 perovskites: An atomistic Prof, Rubanov S (2006). Dielectric simulation study. Physical Review B Wheatland Michael Dr (2006). A fast substrate of self-bias and plasma current-field iteration method for confinement in two-dimensional Marks Nigel Dr, Cover Myles Mr, Kocer calculating nonlinear force-free fields. scanning radio frequency plasma- Cenk Dr (2006). The importance of rare Solar Physics: a journal for solar and enhanced chemical vapour deposition. events in thin film deposition: solar-stellar research and the study of Vacuum a molecular dynamics study of solar terrestrial physics tetrahedral amorphous carbon. Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Xu S (2006). Molecular Simulation Wheatland Michael Dr, Metcalf Thomas Plasma aided-nanofabrication: "plasma- R (2006). An improved virial estimate of building block approach". International McPhedran Ross Prof, de Sterke Carel solar active region energy. Astrophysical Journal of Nanoscience (Martijn) Prof, Asatryan A, L C, Nicorovici Journal N A Dr (2006). Frequency shift of Green Anne Assoc Prof, Gaensler B M sources embedded in finite two- Wheatland Michael Dr, Craig I J D Prof, Haverkorn M, Brown J A C, dimensional photonic clusters. Waves in (2006). Including flare sympathy in a McClure-Griffiths N, Dickey J M (2006). Random and Complex Media (Print model for solar flare statistics. Solar Magnetic fields in the Southern Galactic Edition) Physics: a journal for solar and solar- Plane Survey. Astronomische Nachrichten stellar research and the study of solar Marks Nigel Dr, Cover Myles Mr, Kocer terrestrial physics Ostrikov Kostyantyn Dr, Rutkevychb P P, Cenk Dr (2006). Simulating temperature Xu S (2006). Electrostatic nanoparticle effects in the growth of tetrahedral Austin Dane Mr, Bolger Jeremy Dr, de filter for atomic scale fabrication in low- amorphous carbon: The importance of Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Eggleton temperature plasma. International infrequent events. Applied Physics Letters Benjamin Prof (2006). Narrowband Journal of Nanoscience supercontinuum control using phase Kwok Dixon Dr (2006). A phasor-particle shaping. Optics Express Shokooh-Saremi M Mr, Taeed Vahid Mr, model for coupling between an auto- Baker Neil Mr, Littler Ian Dr, Moss David matching network and electrical plasma De Sterke Carel (Martijn) Prof, Eggleton Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Ruan Y, in radio frequency capacitive discharged Benjamin Prof, Austin Dane Mr, Brown Luther-Davies B (2006). High system. Journal of Applied Physics Thomas G Prof (2006). Dispersive wave Performance Bragg Gratings in blue-shift in supercontinuum generation. Chalcogenide Glass Rib Waveguides Luo Qinghuan Dr, Melrose Donald Prof Optics Express Written with a Modified Sagnac (2006). The induced turbulence effect on Interferometer. Journal of the Optical propagation of radio emission in pulsar Ekins-Daukes Nicholas Dr, Araki K, Society of America B-Optical Physics magnetospheres. Monthly Notices of Kondo Michio, Uozumi H, Kemmoku the Royal Astronomical Society Yoshishige, Yamaguchi M (2006). Lim Sunnie Dr, Anders Andre, Byon Achievement of 27% efficient and 200 Eungson, Kim Dong-Ho, Fukuda Melrose Donald Prof (2006). Wp concentrator module and the Kentaroo (2006). Smoothing of ultrathin Depolarization of radio bursts due to technological roadmap toward realization silver films by transition metal seeding. reflection off sharp boundaries in the of more than 31% efficient modules. Solar Solid State Communications solar corona. Astrophysical Journal Energy Materials & Solar Cells

Finsterbusch Klaus Dr, Baker Neil Mr, Kwok Dixon Dr, Cornet Christophe Dr Ekins-Daukes Nicholas Dr, Araki K, Taeed Vahid Mr, Eggleton Benjamin (2006). Numerical simulation of Metal Kondo Michio, Uozumi H, Egami T, Prof, Choi D, Madden S, Luther-Davies Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation Hiramatsu M, Miyazaki Y, Yamaguchi M B (2006). Long-period Gratings in (MePIIID) on a Sharp Cone and a Fine Tip by (2006). Packaging III-V tandem solar Chalcogenide (As2S3) Rib waveguides. Multiple Grid Particle-in-cell (PIC) method. cells for practical terrestrial applications Electronics Letters IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science achievable to 27% of module efficiency by conventional machine assemble Loxley Peter Dr, Stamps Robert L Ord Stephen Dr, Knight H S, Bailes M, technology. Solar Energy Materials & (2006). Theory for nucleation at an Manchester R (2006). A study of giant Solar Cells interface and magnetization reversal of a pulses from PSR J1824-2452A. two-layer nanowire. Physical Review B Astrophysical Journal Duan Xiangmei Dr, Baroni Stefano, Modesti Silvio, Peressi Maria (2006). Wilson Hugh, Warschkow Oliver Dr, Ord Stephen Dr, Jacoby B A, Hotan A Cross-sectional imaging of sharp Si Marks Nigel Dr, McKenzie David Prof, W, Bailes M (2006). High-precision interlayers embedded in gallium Curson N.J., Schofield Stephen R, timing of PSR J1600-3053. Monthly arsenide. Applied Physics Letters

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 32 Ekins-Daukes Nicholas Dr, Lee H S, protein deletion and scanning tunnelling Yamaguchi M, Khan Aurangzeb, microscopy. Photosynthetica Takamoto T, Imaizumi M, Ohshima Takeshi, Itoh Hisayoshi (2006). Effects of Kedziora-Chudczer Lucyna Dr (2006). a low-energy proton irradiation on Long-term monitoring of the intra-day n(+)/p-AlInGaP solar cells. Physica B - variable quasar PKS 0405-385. Monthly Condensed Matter Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society Stello Dennis Mr, Bedding Timothy Prof, Kjeldsen H, Buzasi D L (2006). Do red Davey Ross Dr, Harvie Rozelle Mr - giants have short mode lifetimes?. Bromley Regina, Oliver L Dr, Baldock C Memorie Della Societa Astronomica Prof (2006). A preliminary investigation Italiana of cell growth after irradiation using a modulated x-ray intensity pattern. Sarabipour Sarvnaz, Bosi Stephen Dr, Physics in Medicine and Biology Hill Brendan Mr, Baldock Clive Prof (2006). A preliminary study of the Davey Ross Dr, Stordal Britta, Peters G measurement of slice-width close (2006). Similar chromosomal changes in profiles (SWDP) on diagnostic x-ray CT cisplatin and oxaliplatin-resistant scanners using PAGAT polymer gel sublines of the H69 SCLC cell line are dosimeters with optical CT read-out. not associated with platinum resistance. Journal of Physics Conference Series Genes Chromosomes & Cancer

Hill Brendan Mr, Baldock Clive Prof, Dos Remedios Cristobal Prof, Venning A J Mr (2006). Computer Nosworthy Neil Dr, Gorbatyuk V, Bains tomography dose index measurements N, Maciejewski M, King GG, Robson S on a multislice CT Scanner using (2006). Mapping the phosphoinositide- polymer gels. Journal of Physics binding site on chick cofilin explains how Conference Series PIP2 regulates the cofilin-actin interaction. Molecular Cell Ravichander Thuraisamy Mr, Hill Brendan Mr, Baldock Clive Prof, Venning Fujisawa Naoki Dr, McKenzie David Prof, A J Mr (2006). Head and neck field Swain Michael Prof, James N L, matching verification using three Woodard J C (2006). Combined dimensional PAGAT polymer gel influences of mechanical properties and dosimetry. Journal of Physics surface roughness on the tribological Conference Series properties of amorphous carbon coatings. Wear Bosi Stephen Dr, Naseri Pourandokht Ms, Baldock Clive Prof (2006). Initial Murphy Tara Dr, Lamb Peter, Owen investigation of a novel phantom for Christopher, Marquarding M (2006). simulating optical scattering of Data storage processing and dosimetric gels. Journal of Physics visualization for the Australia telescope Conference Series compact array. Astronomical Society of Australia. Publications (Print Edition) Venning A J Mr, Hill Brendan Mr, Baldock Clive Prof (2006). Variation of concentration of tetrakis and hydroquinone with post-irradiation times in PAGAT polymer gel dosimeter. Journal of Physics Conference Series

Baldock Clive Prof (2006). Historical overview of the development of gel dosimetry: a personal perspective. Journal of Physics Conference Series Chapman Jacqueline Dr, Wardle M Dr (2006). Dust grain dynamics in C-type shock waves in molecular clouds. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

Lukins Philip Dr, Barton Christopher (2006). Localisation of CP43 in single molecules of photosystem 2 using

SCHOOL OF PHYSICS ANNUAL REPORT 2006 33 CONFERENCE PAPERS Matar Mamdouh Mr, Michie Andrew Mr, Li Bo Dr, White R.D., Dujko S, Ness K F, Argyros Alexander Dr, Cox Felicity Ms, Bassett Ian Dr, Canning John Prof, Robson R.E (2006) Non-equilibrium Van Eijkelenborg Martijn Dr, Large Haywood John Dr, Digweed Katja electron transport in gases: Influence of Maryanne Dr (2006) Hollow-Core (2006) 2-Section PCF Hi-Bi Lyot magnetic fields on temporal and spatial Microstructured Polymer Optical Fibres Depolarisers. The 18th International relaxation. THE PHYSICS OF IONIZED and Applications. 32nd European Conference on Optical Fibre Sensors, GASES: 23rd Summer School and Conference on Optical Communication, CD, ThE60-ThE60 International Symposium on the Physics pp65-66 of Ionized Gases - Invited Lectures Groothoff Nathaniel Mr, Martelli Cicero Topical Invited Lectures and Progress Lambert Jamil Mr, Nakano T Mr, Law Mr, Canning John Prof (2006) Single or Reports, One Volume, pp51-61 Susan Dr, Suchowerska Natalka A/Prof, Dual Transverse Mode DFB Photonic McKenzie David Prof, Fleming Simon Crystal Fibre (DFB-PCF). The 18th Davis John Prof, Ireland Michael Dr, Prof (2006) A Fibre Optic Dosimeter for International Conference on Optical Jacob Andrew Mr, North Julian Mr, Prostate Cancer Therapy. ACOFT and Fibre Sensors, CD, ThA4- ThA4 Owens Stephen Mr, Robertson James AOS Conference 2006, pp93-95 (Gordon) Dr, Tango William Dr, Tuthill Matar Mamdouh Mr, Bassett Ian Dr, Peter Dr (2006) SUSI: an update on Law Susan Dr, Suchowerska Natalka Haywood John Dr (2006) Experimental instrumental developments and science. A/Prof, McKenzie David Prof, Fleming Trial of a Trial of a Modulated 2006 SPIE symposium on Astronomical Simon Prof, Lin Terri Ms (2006) Depolarised Er-Doped SFS with the Telescopes and Instrumentation, 6268, ÄŒerenkov radiation in optical fibres. NIMI 3x3 Sagnac Optic Current Sensor. 626804-1-626804-9 ACOFT and AOS Conference 2006, The 18th International Conference on pp100-102 Optical Fibre Sensors, CD, ThE82- Kwok Dixon Dr, Chu Paul (2006) ThE82 Modified Phasor-Particle Model of Argyros Alexander Dr, Cox Felicity, Van Treating A Blocking Capacitor As A Eijkelenborg Martijn Dr, Large Maryanne Manos Steven Dr, Large Maryanne Dr, Phasor Element in Simulation of Plasma Dr, Ponseca Jr C., Quema A., Sarukura Poladian Leon Dr (2006) The design of Coupling with An External Auto- N. (2006) Progress of hollow-core High-bandwidth Microstructured Matching Network. 16th International microstructured polymer optical fibres Polymer Optical Fibres. WorkPOF 2006, Conference on Ion Implantation and applications. WorkPOF 2006, pp153-158 Technology, 866, pp245-248 pp147-151 Argyros Alexander Dr, Manos Steven Dr, Eggleton Benjamin Prof, Cronin-Golomb Van Eijkelenborg Martijn Dr, Large M Prof, Domachuk Peter Mr (2006) Maryanne Dr, Poladian Leon Dr (2006) Optical Tweezers and Optofluidics. SUM Applications of microstructured polymer 2006 IEEE/LEOS Summer Topical optical fibres: hollow-core and graded- Meeting on Optofluidics: Emerging index fibres. The 11th OptoElectronics Technologies and Applications, pp21-22 and Communications Conference, CD, 5D2-2-1-1-5D2-2-1-2

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