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INDIANA MAGAZINE OF HISTORY VOLUMEXXXVI September, 1940 No. 3 The Democratic Element in the New Republican Party in Indiana MILDREDC. STOLER A study of the influence in the Republican Party of the insurgent Democrats who joined the new party in the eighteen-fifties is of much interest. In 1856, the Republican presidential candidate had formerly been a Democrat, while in 1860, it was the vice-presidential nominee who had once been a member of the Democratic party. In 1856, Republican newspapers pointed with pride to new recruits from the ranks of their opponents. The issues that caused Democrats to leave their party were the Administration policy on slav- ery and on internal improvements, opposition to the decision of the party on such local issues as the legal prohibition of intoxicating liquor, and various other special questions. Of these, the first named had the greatest potency. The Kansas- Nebraska Act of 1854 repealed the anti-slavery provision of the Missouri Compromise of 1820, and thus repudiated the principle that Congress had constitutional authority for pro- hibiting slavery in the territories. It endorsed instead the pnn- ciple that the slavery question should be settled by the people of the territory “subject only to the Constitution of the United States.” Those Democrats who opposed this Act united in 1854 with other groups of Indiana who were opposed to the Democratic party to form the People’s Party, forerunner of the Republican Party in Indiana.’ During the next two years constant efforts were made in Indiana, as elsewhere, to construct from the heterogeneous 1 For n detailed ncamnt of the nnti-Nebraalcn revolt of 1854 in Indian. and Illinoh. ne “Iamrgent Democrats of Indiana and Illinois in 1864.” lndiana Ma-*= of Hie b+v (March. 1987) XXXIII. 1-81. Both thin mtiele and the present article. are slluhtb modified pnrts of the author’s doctoral dissertion (filed in Indiana Univeraity Library). “The lnfluenee 0: the Demoemtic Element in the Republicnu Party of Illinois and In- -a, 1864-1880. 186 Indiana Magazine of History elements of the new Party a permanent organization. Whigs, who furnished the mass of voters, Free Soilers, tem- perance Democrats, anti-Nebraska Democrats, and Know Nothings were united in their opposition to the Democratic party but in little else. The problem was to hold them to- gether. In the work of organizing the new party in Indiana, anti- Nebraska Democrats played a conspicuous part. After the election, Chapman's Chanticleer, edited by Jacob P. Chapman, veteran Democratic editor, politician, and anti-slavery man, pointed out the necessity of a strong party organization: and, when the party held its victory jubilee, he and other former Democrats sought to take the first steps in that direction, but without success.8 Further steps towards organization were taken in the summer of 1855. Although the initiative came from the Whig element this time, the anti-Nebraska Democrats sup- ported the meeting and again occupied strategic positions.' Charles H. Test presided and among the vice presidents were Lucian Barbour and Henry L. Ellsworth.6 Michael C. Gar- ber, editor of the Madison Courier and chairman of the state central committee, was one of the secretaries and Reuben A. Riley was on the resolutions committee. United States Representative Daniel Mace and Oliver P. Morton gave ad- dresses. Moreover, James Blake, who had gained experience in directing a campaign as a member of the Democratic state central committee in 1843, was made chairman of the new state committee.6 Two other former Democrats were also placed on the committee. This shower of favors on a minor- ity element in the People's Party indicates the eagerness of 'Oct. 19, 1864. Chapman WM editor of the Democratic organ. the IndiaM StOt. Sentinel from 1841 to 1850. *Indiana Stutc. JuurnaI (weekly), Nov. 4. 1864. Chapman's Chanticley called $0 meeting. The chmrman Thomas Smith. wa9 a Democrat of long stonding having served as state representakvr and senator and three terms an United States representatlve. He was considered one of the best campaigners in the ate. Biographical Directorv of Amtlicnn Congrers (Washington. 1928). 1842. Oliver P. Morton and Reuhen A. Riley made speeches. Morton had been a rising young Democrat. HLs name was men- tioned for the party's next candidate for Congress before he left the party in 1864. William Dudley Foulke, Life of Oliver P. Morton (Indianapolis, 1899). I, 36. 6 Ewning Courier (Madison). July 14. 1866 ; Indianapolis Journal (daily), July. 14. 1856. KTcst was elected as a Whig In 1889 an secretary OK the state senate. but. in 1843. ha wn8 defeated as a Democratic Candidate for Congress. In 1848, he was a delegate to the Democratic state convention and later In the same year was elected secretary OK state by a union of Whig and Independent Dernocratlc votes In the leglb Iature. Indian0 Journal. Nov. 23, Dec. I. 1839. Indaana State SenlmeC (daily). Sept 2. 1854: "Letters of Martin L. Bundy. 1848-49," contributed by Clarence H. Smith. Indiana Magazine of History. XXLI, 87. Ellsworth wa9 a wedthy landowner and had been commissioner of patents for many years. Evening Courier (Madison), Jan. 4, 1859. Barbour had been federal district attorney. elndiana Stale Sentinel (weekly), April 11. 1849. The New Republican Party in Iadhnu 187 the Whig element to hold them in the new party. The Whigs recognized the ability of former opponents as organizers and speakers and realized also that they might attract still other Democrats to join them. Further, the Whigs in the People's Party well knew that votes of insurgent Democrats had given them just the margin that meant victory in 1854 and might bring success again in 1866. On May 1, 1856, the People's Party again held a conven- tion at Indianapolis, this time in response to the summons of the state central committee. Once more the party called upon orators from the Democratic element to sound the key- note of the campaign. Morton, Thomas Smith, E. W. €1. Ellis and William Grose made addresses.' The convention also heard speakers from the Whig and Know Nothing elements of the party. Of the convention appointments, however, the Democratic element received a smaller share than had been accorded them two years earlier. In 1854, they received 25 of the 43 offices (or more than half) while the Whigs re- ceived only 17 and the Free Soilers 1. Two years later, the Democratic insurgents were given only 12 appointments out of 72 (one-sixth) whereas the Whigs received at least 43 (or more than half) and Free Soilers 2.* H. L. Ellsworth served as temporary chairman, but a former Whig had the honor of acting as permanent chairman. One insurgent Democrat served on the committee on permanent organization and three were vice-presidents. Two others were contingent presidential electors and still another two were the final choices as elect- ors. Of far more significance, perhaps, was the fact that only two of the sixteen members of the state central commit- tee were taken from the Democratic element. Although Blake was placed on the committee, he was not chairman. That post went to a former Whig, John D. Defrees.g Evi- dently the Whig element intended to have their turn in the 1 Ewemakg Courier (dally), May 3, 1856. EUI. had becn an .Ctlvc Democrat 161. twenty years and editar of the Goahen Democrat. He had been county and It.k auditor. John B. 8toll. Hkuof the Indiana Democrow. 1828-1911 (IndlamDolk 1917). 106, 119-120. William Crcae had been a Pierce elector and an unsu-iul Demoeratio candidate for Congreoa In 1852. Democralio Phrtm (LOP.nrDOrC). hne 9. 1862: Whig Alma~e.1868. 'These numbers varled from time to time. In 1864 there were nine md In 1868 fifteen whose former politlcal affiiiationn have not bem leuad. Neverthela* tb. above eoncluslon would not be charged. *Ellsworth. Gcorge P. Bud1 of Lawrenceburg. and Jmea Rlaha were d.~-6 dents. E W H Ellis was on the permanent organization committee. E. B. &Ilh and R. A. Rilep'were among the eontingent presidentid electors. John A. Hmdrlch and Cdeb V. Jones were on the final lint of electom md Rltchet wu the ather former Democrat ~hcdon the &ate cdmmittee. Em& CouriSr (Ydmn). M48, 6. 1868: New Albany Ledger (daily), Oct. 80, 1866. 188 Indiana Magazine of Hiatory organization work as well as in the convention. Garber, having been state chairman in 1854, realized the absolute necessity of a complete and efficient organization. The party had then won a victory under his leadership, but Blake took his place the next year. Blake was a former Democrat but the total number of that element on the committee was re- duced from eight to three. Moreover, in 1856, only two of the Democratic element worked on the committee and the chairman was a Whig. Obviously the Whig element was. as- serting itself. However, the Democratic wing of the party was permit- ted to have three of the nine nominees for state offices, in- cluding the most important. The key position, that of can- didate for governor, went to Oliver P. Morton. W. R. Nof- singer was renominated for treasurer and E. W. H. Ellis was named for auditor. Thus the importance of elevating their Democratic friends to posts of leadership was. still recognized by the Whig element although the Whigs were claiming the share of party honors due them because they contributed the largest number of voters. The Democratic Party was still very strong in the state and it was reclaiming , some of the insurgents of 1854 by its policy of conciliation towards all save the leaders who had bolted the decision of the majority.l0 In view of this trend, the People's Party felt it necessary to keep open the schism in the Democratic Party.
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