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Orvostörténeti Közlemények ORVOSTÖRTÉNETI KÖZLEMÉNYEK COMMUNICATIONES DE HISTORIA ARTIS MEDICINAE 234-237 BUDAPEST 2016 No.1-4. HUNGARIA Vol. LXII. SZERKESZTŐBIZOTTSÁG - EDITORIAL BOARD KALLE ACHTÉ (Helsinki), GYŐZŐ BIRTALAN (Budapest), GÉZA BUZINKAY (Budapest), JUDIT FORRAI (Budapest), ISTVÁN GAZDA (Budapest), KÁROLY KAPRONCZAY (Budapest) (főszerkesztő - editor-in-chief), GUNDOLF KEIL (Würzburg), LÁSZLÓ ANDRÁS MAGYAR (Budapest), ROMAN MEISSNER (Poznan), AXEL HINRICH MURKEN (Aachen), MIKLÓS RÉTHELYI (Budapest), EDUARD SEIDLER (Freiburg), PÉTER SÓTONYI (Budapest) (elnök - president), BENEDEK VARGA (Budapest), MÁRIA VIDA (Budapest), SZILVESZTER E. VIZI (Budapest) SZERKESZTŐSÉG - EDITORS H-1023 Budapest, Török u.12. KÁROLY KAPRONCZAY (főszerkesztő – editor-in-chief), KATALIN KAPRONCZAY, LÁSZLÓ ANDRÁS MAGYAR (szerkesztők – editors) Kiadja – Edited by Semmelweis Orvostörténeti Múzeum, Könyvtár és Levéltár (Museum, Bibliotheca et Archivum Historiae Artis Medicinae de I.Ph. Semmelweis nominata), Magyar Orvostörténelmi Társaság (Societas Hungarica Historiae Artis Medicinae) A folyóirat jelen száma az Egis Gyógyszergyár Zrt., a Hungaropharma Zrt. és a Magyar Tudományos Akadémia támogatásával jelent meg HU ISSN 0010-3551 Felelős kiadó: Kapronczay Károly TARTALOMJEGYZÉK – CONTENTS TANULMÁNYOK – ARTICLES BOTLIK Richárd – NEMES István – TOLVAJ Balázs: Kétségeink II. (Jagelló) Lajos cseh- és magyar király (1506-1526) holttestének azonosításával kapcsolatban. (Our Doubts regarding the Identification of the Corpse of Louis II King of Bohemia and Hungary.) ................................................................................................................................5 KAPRONCZAY Károly: A prevenció gondolata az 1876. évi közegészségügyi törvényben. (Thought of Prevention in the Hungarian Public Health Law of 1876.) ������������������������������23 BENKÉNÉ JENŐFFY Zsuzsanna – BENKE Tibor: A homeopátia fogadtatása a magyar egyház(i)ak körében a 19-20. században. (Reception of Homeopathy by the Hungarian Churches and Clericals during the 19-20. Centuries) ...........................................................29 KÜHRNER Éva: A nyíregyházi gettó egészségügye és az ideiglenes zsidó kórház. (Sanitary Conditions in the Ghetto of Nyíregyháza, and the Temporary Jewish Hospital) ....................................................................................................................43 ERDŐS Kristóf: A budavári Sziklakórház és a Nemzetközi Vöröskereszt (1944–1945) (The Hospital in the Rock under the Buda Castle, and the International Red Cross 1944-1945). ...........................................................................................................................55 PERJÁMOSI Sándor: A kolozsvári Orvostörténeti Intézet programtervezetei az 1940-es évekből (The Draft Programs of the Department for Medical History at Kolozsvár in the 40ies) .........................................................................................................65 KÖZLEMÉNYEK – COMMUNICATIONS KAPRONCZAY Károly: Adatok a hazai orvosképzésben résztvevő zsidó hallgatókról a 18/20. században. (Some Data regarding Jewish Students Attending Hungarian Medical Schools during 18-20. Centuries.) ........................................................................................77 MÜLLER, Miklós – ELEK, Gábor: A Biology Textbook Edited by Ervin Bauer in 1935 and its Subsequent Fate. (Bauer Ervin 1935-ös biológia-tankönyve és a könyv további sorsa) ........................................................................................................................85 KOVÁCS I. Gábor: Vészi Gyula professzor életrajza és életrajzi adattára. (Biography and Biographical Database of Professor Gyula Vészi) ......................................93 PETNEHÁZY Dezső – FATULA, Jurij: Az Osztrák-Magyar Monarchia hadseregének egészségügyi szolgálata az első világháborúban. (The Health Service of the Austro-Hungarian Army during the World War I.) ...............................................................99 KICSI Sándor András: A denevér a magyar néphitben és népi gyógyászatban. (Bat in the Hungarian Folklore and Folk Medicine) ...........................................................109 A Fischer Jakab emlékülés anyaga: (Contributions to the Memorial Session for Jakab Fischer) KAPRONCZAY Károly: Ideg- és elmegyógyászat Magyarországon a 19/20. század fordulóján. (Hungarian Neurology and Psychiatry on the Turn of the 19-20. Centuries). .....................................................................................................125 BITTER István: A hazai egyetemi pszichiátriai iskolák folytonossága. (The Continuity of Psychiatrical Schools at Hungarian Universities) ..............................................................131 FISCHER János: Fischer Jakab élete (Biography of Jakab Fischer) ................................133 BARAN Brigitta: Fischer Jakab igazságügyi pszichiátriai publikációs tevékenysége 1885-1920. (Forensic Psychiatrical Publications and Activity of Jakab Fischer 1885-1902) ...................................................................................................138 PEKAŘOVÁ, Katarina: Fischer Jakab és a Pozsonyi Orvos-Természettudományi Egyesület (Jakab Fischer and the Association of Physicians and Natural Scientists of Pressburg) .......................................................................................................................143 KISS László: Ami az előadásokból kimaradt – Adalékok Fischer Jakab pozsonyi éveihez. (Details not Mentioned Yet – Recent Data regarding the Pressburg-Years of Jakab Fischer). ................................................................................................................149 ADATTÁR – DOCUMENTS TÓTH Mária: Patikaszerek, gyógymódok és áraik a Batthyány család inventáriumának irataiból 1650-1654. (Medicaments, Therapies and their Prices in the Inventary of the Family Batthyány 1650-1654.) �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������155 KRÓNIKA – CHRONICLE.............................................................................................185 KÖNYVSZEMLE – BOOK REVIEWS .........................................................................197 TANULMÁNYOK 5 KÉTSÉGEINK II. LAJOS CSEH- ÉS MAGYAR KIRÁLY (1506-1526) HOLTTESTÉNEK AZONOSÍTÁSÁVAL KAPCSOLATBAN BOTLIK RICHÁRD – NEMES ISTVÁN – TOLVAJ BALÁZS A koalíciós keresztény had 1526. augusztus 29-én, a mohácsi csatában megsemmisítő vere- séget szenvedett I. Szülejmán (uralk. 1520-1566) szultán seregétől. Az ütközet, majd a más- fél óráig tartó összecsapást követő menekülés során nemcsak a magyar hadvezetés, hanem a Magyar Királyság politikai elitje is hatalmas veszteséget szenvedett: a fiatal magyar- és cseh király, II. (Jagelló) Lajos (uralk. 1516-1526) mellett hét főpap (köztük az ország két érseke) és mintegy harminc főúr elesett. A Magyar Királyság életben maradt főméltóságainak (pre- lati et barones) feladata volt, hogy beiktassák az új uralkodót. Az 1526-ban kialakult helyzet igen kényes volt, hiszen a magyar szokásjog (ius consuetudinis) arról rendelkezett, hogy addig nem dönthettek a főméltóságok az új király személyéről, amíg nem gondoskodtak az előző királyt megillető temetésről.1 A királyi holttest megtalálásának kétségtelenül elsődle- ges forrása Sárffy Ferenc győri kanonok jelentése, aki szemtanúként ott volt Czettritz Ulrich királyi kamarás oldalán, amikor a II. Lajosnak tulajdonított férfi holttestét agnoszkálták. Sárffy a mohácsi csata idején a győri várban, mint udvarbíró az őrség parancsnoki tisztét is ellátta.2 A jelentést Győrben írta Brodarics István kancellárnak, 1526. október 19-én.3 A latin nyelvű jelentést magyar nyelvre átültető Bartoniek Emma történész Pray György másolatából dolgozott, amely számos ponton eltért az irat eredeti tartalmától.4 Kezdve rög- tön a levél keltezésével, amit Bartoniek 1526. december 14-ére tett. Abszurd dolog, hiszen II. Lajost Székesfehérvárott, 1526. november 9-én helyezték örök nyugalomra. A december 14-i változat olvasható a mohácsi csata 450. évfordulójának tiszteletére kiadott, szakmai- lag Fehér Géza és Szakály Ferenc által ellenőrzött Mohács emlékezete című kötetben is.5 A középkor végén bevett írói gyakorlatot tükrözte a győri udvarbíró-kanonok jelentésének alábbi keltezése: „Ex arce Iauriensi, feria VI. post [fest.] Lucae, Evangelistae.” Magyarra fordítva: „A győri várból, Lukács evangélista ünnepét követő pénteken.” A szóban forgó szent, Lukács evangélista ünnepe október 18-án van. Ezt a napot 1526-ban csütörtökön ün- nepelték, amiből tehát az következik, hogy az ünnepet követő péntek az ünnep utáni napra, október 19-re esett.6 A keltezésen kívül két, jelentős különbséget fedezhetünk fel, ha a Sárffy-féle jelentés fordítását összevetjük a korabeli másolatokkal. Rögtön le kell szögeznünk, hogy a Sárffy 1 Fraknói Vilmos: A magyar királyválasztások története. Bp., 1921. 141-142. Barta Gábor: A Sztambulba vezető út (1526-1528). Bp., 1983. 30-33. Újabban Pálffy Géza: A Magyar Királyság és a Habsburg Monarchia a 16. században. Bp., 2010. 53-55. 2 Bedy Vince: A győri székeskáptalan története. Győr egyházmegye múltjából. III. Győr, 1938. 340. 3 Botlik Richárd: 1526. október 19. (Adalékok Sárffy Ferenc győri várparancsnok jelentéséhez.) Századok, 136 (2002) 3. 669-677. 4 Pray, Georgius: Annales regum Hungariae. Pars V. Vienna, 1766. 121-122. Bartoniek Emma: Mohács Magyarországa. Báró Burgio pápai követ jelentései. Bp., 1926. 145. 5 Mohács emlékezete. Szerkesztette: Katona Tamás. Bp., 1979. 96. 6 Botlik (2002) 669-677.
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