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Raccoon Creek Watershed, 2016 Athens, Gallia, Hocking, Jackson, Meigs, and Vinton Counties

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Raccoon Creek Watershed, 2016 Athens, Gallia, Hocking, Jackson, Meigs, and Vinton Counties Biological and Water Quality Study of the Raccoon Creek Watershed, 2016 Athens, Gallia, Hocking, Jackson, Meigs, and Vinton Counties Raccoon Creek, 2016 Ohio EPA Technical Report AMS/2016‐RACCO‐2 Division of Surface Water Assessment and Modeling Section Draft January 2020 TMDL DEVELOPMENT | AMS/2016‐RACCO‐2 Draft Biological and Water Quality Study of the Raccoon Creek Watershed, 2016 January 2020 Table of Contents List of Acronyms ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................................................................ 1 Components of an Ohio EPA Biological and Water Quality Survey .................................................................................. 10 What is a Biological and Water Quality Survey? .................................................................................................................. 10 Hierarchy of Indicators .................................................................................................................................................................. 10 Ohio Water Quality Standards: Designated Aquatic Life Use ......................................................................................... 12 Ohio Water Quality Standards: Non-Aquatic Life Uses ..................................................................................................... 13 Mechanisms for Water Quality Impairment .......................................................................................................................... 14 Habitat and Flow Alterations .................................................................................................................................................. 14 Siltation and Sedimentation .................................................................................................................................................... 15 Nutrient Enrichment .................................................................................................................................................................. 15 Organic Enrichment and Low Dissolved Oxygen ........................................................................................................... 16 Ammonia ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 Metals ............................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 Bacteria ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 17 Sediment Contamination .......................................................................................................................................................... 18 Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Determining Use Attainment Status .................................................................................................................................... 19 Habitat Assessment .................................................................................................................................................................... 19 Sediment and Surface Water Assessment ......................................................................................................................... 19 Recreation Use Assessment ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 Macroinvertebrate Community Assessment .................................................................................................................... 20 Fish Community Assessment .................................................................................................................................................. 20 Causal Associations ..................................................................................................................................................................... 20 Overview: Raccoon Creek Watershed ........................................................................................................................................... 21 Study Area Description ....................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Ecoregion, Geology, and Soils ...................................................................................................................................................... 28 Wastewater Discharge Overview ............................................................................................................................................... 30 Mineral Extraction ............................................................................................................................................................................ 31 Underground Coal Mining ........................................................................................................................................................ 31 Surface Coal Mining .................................................................................................................................................................... 34 Iron .................................................................................................................................................................................................... 35 Oil and Gas ...................................................................................................................................................................................... 36 Beneficial Use Results and Discussion .......................................................................................................................................... 36 Aquatic Life Use ................................................................................................................................................................................. 36 Water Chemistry Results .......................................................................................................................................................... 36 Sediment Quality .......................................................................................................................................................................... 49 Physical Habitat ............................................................................................................................................................................ 5 0 Fish Community Results ........................................................................................................................................................... 57 Macroinvertebrate Community Results ............................................................................................................................. 66 Aquatic Life Use Discussion, Impairment Linkage, and Trends ............................................................................... 72 I AMS/2016‐RACCO‐2 Draft Biological and Water Quality Study of the Raccoon Creek Watershed, 2016 January 2020 Recreation Use ................................................................................................................................................................................ 109 Public Drinking Water Supplies ............................................................................................................................................... 113 City of Wellston ......................................................................................................................................................................... 113 Human Health ................................................................................................................................................................................. 115 Fish Tissue Contamination ................................................................................................................................................... 115 Beneficial Use Designations and Recommendations ........................................................................................................... 119 Aquatic Life Use Status ................................................................................................................................................................ 119 Stream Improvements ................................................................................................................................................................. 120 Acknowledgements ........................................................................................................................................................................... 128 References
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