O Fardo Do Homem Branco

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O Fardo Do Homem Branco OFARDO DO HOMEM BRANCO Southey, historiador do Brasil . MARIA ODILA DA SILVA DIAS ' brasiliana volume 344 MARIA ÜDILA DA SILVA DIAS, professora da Universidade de São Paulo, Departamento de História, com este O Fardo do Homem Branco (Southey, historiador do Brasil), vem preencher uma inexplicãvel lacuna na nossa historiogra­ fia: um estudo de amplas dimensões da obra de Robert Southey (1774-1843), o grande poe­ ta e escritor inglês que figura entre os funda­ dores da história do Brasil. Neste livro, a autora analisa os valores ideológicos comuns à literatura de viagens e à presença inglesa no Brasil do século passado, cuja vivência teria sido integrada nas matrizes da historiografia brasileira e, através dos estadistas do Império, ao próprio processo de construção do Estado nacional. De Maria Odila, pesquisadora das mais com­ petentes, sua bagagem de historiadora impres­ siona pelo bom gosto e erudição, ao tratar de temas pouco estudados, desde O Brasil na historiografia romântica inglesa: um estudo de afinidades de visito histórica; Robert Southey e Walter Scott (1967 ), monografia de grande agudeza crítica, ao ensaio que dedicou a um dos mais controvertidos capítulos da história das idéias do mundo cultural luso-brasileiro, intitulado Aspectos da Ilustração no Brasil (1968), assim como em A interiorização da Metrópole ( 1972), trabalho original de inter­ pretação, em que traça linhas renovadoras da pesquisa do processo de emancipação política e de formação do Estado nacional. Mais re­ centemente, a atenção dos estudiosos se voltou para a magnífica introdução e notas ao Diário da Guerra do Paraguai (1866) de André Re­ bouças, que deixara de ser incluído na auto­ biografia do grande engenheiro e abolicionista negro. Maria Odila fez a redescoberta desse importante documento histórico, enriquecen­ do-o com sua introdução e notas do mais alto interesse, numa publicação que teve o patro­ cínio do Instituto de Estudos Brasileiros, São Paulo, 1973. A contribuição ora incorporada à coleção Brasiliana é sem dúvida do maior estofo. Tra­ ta-se de livro de envergadura fora do comum, quer pelo seu conteúdo, quer pela cótica, destinado a figurar entre as obras do gênero como um ponto alto. Um livro, em suma, definitivo, não só sobre o historiador e sua técnica, como também sobre a época em que viveu e atuou. Assim é, de fato, O Fardo do Homem Branco (Robert Southey, historiador do Brasil). Em sua política de colaborar com a edito­ ração privada, o PROLIVRO da Guanabara re­ comendou a publicação por esta editora de O Fardo do Homem Branco (Robert Southey, historiador do Brasil), depois de ouvir o conse­ lho que tem como presidente o prof. Carlos Chagas Filho e se compõe do escritor Fran­ cisco de Assis Barbosa, da bibliotecária Con­ suelo Chermont de Brito e dos professores Mário Camarinha da Silva e Sílvio Elia. A comissão tem como coordenador o prof. Leo­ degário A. de Azevedo Filho. O PROLIVRO foi instituído pelo Departa­ mento de Cultura do Estado da Guanabara, em 1973, durante a administração do prof. Eduardo Po1tella, também vice-presidente do Conselho Estadual de Cultura. O Governador Chagas Freitas encampou a iniciativa, assinou decreto e mandou executá-lo pelo Secretário Fernando de Carvalho Barata. Além de um anteprojeto para a construção da Biblioteca Central do Estado, como modelo e ponto de irradiação das vinte bibliotecas de bairros, em estudo na Secretaria de Planeja­ mento, o PROLIVRO realizou a EXPOLIVRO 73, e a EXPOLIVRo 74, com a participação de todos os editores brasileiros. Com o volume Inter-relacionamento das ciências da linguagem (coordenação de Eduar­ do Portella e Mônica Rector), o PR0LIVRO iniciou uma nova etapa na sua dinâmica e na divulgação de obras de alto nível. A este livro, reunião de conferências debatidas na Seção de Lingüística do último congresso patrocinado pela Sociedade para o Progresso da Ciência ( 1973 ) , seguiram-se outros do maior interesse em vários campos da cultura. · Destacam-se ainda: Caminhos críticos do pensamento brasileiro, em dois volumes, sob a direção de Afrânio Coutinho; Uma forma provençalesca na llrica de Camões, de Emma­ nuel Pereira Filho, e a edição facsimilar da coleção completa de Estética, uma das princi­ pais revistas do modernismo, que teve nos anos de 1924 e 1925 a direção de Prudente de Morais, neto, e Sérgio Buarque de Holanda. A coleção Brasiliana tem assim o privilégio de contar entre os seus títulos mais represen­ tativos as obras selecionadas pelo PROLIVRO da Guanabara: Machado de Assis - a pird­ mide e o trapézio, de Raymundo Faoro, e O Fardo do Homem Branco (Southey, histo­ riador do Brasil), de Maria Odila Silva Dias. FRANCISCO DE Assis BARBOSA COMPANHIA EDITORA NACIONAL MARIA O DILA DA SILVA DIAS (da Universidade de São Paulo) O FARDO DO HOMEM BRANCO Southey, historiador do Brasil ( um estudo dos valores ideológicos do império do comércio livre) Prefácio de SÉRGIO BUARQUE DE HOLLANDA COMPANHIA EDITORA NACIONAL SÃO PAULO Proibida a reprodução, mesmo parcial, e por qualquer processo, sem autorização expressa da autora e da editora. Direitos desta edição reservados COMPANHIA EDITORA NACIONAL Rua dos Gusmões, 639 01212 São Paulo, SP 1 9 7 4 Impresso no Brasil Dedico este liv.ro a SHOLA, minha filhinha e a ÜDILA e CANDJNHO, meus pais. AGRADECIMENTOS Desejo agradecer à Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo e ao British Council, que me proporcionaram acesso às fontes deste trabalho, e às pessoas amigas que me auxi­ liaram durante sua elaboração. Em primeiro lugar, agradeço a Sérgio Buarque de Hollanda, meu mestre, a quem devo a honra e o privilégio de ter continuado como sua assistente, depois de ter sido sua aluna no Departamento de História da Faculdade de Filo­ sofia (usP), usufruindo de sua orientação, da generosidade dos seus conhecimentos amplos e inesgotáveis. Agradeço também à Professora Maria Thereza Petrone, que assumiu a orientação,quando este trabalho foi apresentado como ~ese de doutoramento à banca examinadora que o aprovou; a Caio Prado Jr., a quem devo muito; a D. Gilda e Prof. Antônio Cândido de Mello e Sousa, que me estimularam desde o início de minha carreira universitária; a meu amigo Celso Lafer, pela dedicação com que leu a tese, aprovou-a e me levou a publicá-la; a Betty Mindlin Lafer, pelo apoio moral de sempre e pela generosidade com que me auxiliou na redação final do livro. Meus agradecimentos também ao Prof. Richard M. Morse, pela delicadeza com que me acolheu no Departamento de História, em Yale; ao Prof. Charles R. Boxer, pela solicitude com que me recebeu em Londres, em 1963, e pelas longas prosas sobre assun­ tos luso-britânicos, com que me incentivou, em New Haven, em 1972; a Bolivar Lamounier, a Pingo, a meus amigos de Yale; a Bertram R. Davis, estudioso de Southey; a Harry de Grey Warter, descendente de Southey, que me presenteou com um autógrafo valioso e reminiscências de família; ao Dr. Rubens Borba de Moraes, que me proporcionou acesso às notas da Histó• ria de Portugal e aos manuscritos da História do Brasil, na Hispa· nic Society of America, em N. York; a José de Barros Pinto, pouco depois falecido, autor do romance A Jangada e de outros contos bonitos, que me auxiliou a traduzir citações e anglicismos; a meus amigos do Departamento de História; a Fran:is:o de Assis Barbosa, que decidiu o encaminhamento do trabalho para publicação, e ao Dr. Américo Jacobina Lacombe, que me proporcionou a honra de incluir este livro na coleção por ele dirigida. M.O.S.D. São Paulo, fevereiro de 1974 SUMARIO Prefácio (Sérgio Buarque de Hollanda) . xm Abreviaturas . xxm Introdução I - A missão do intelectual . 21 II - O refúgio do poeta . • • . • . 39 III - História e teoria civilizadora . 5 1 IV - Novos rumos do passado: revolução industrial e tradicionalismo agrário . 81 V - Messianismo cultural e política colonial . 109 VI - Catequese e ideologia de influência 139 VII - Extinção do tráfico e_ da escravidão 159 VIII - Portugal e as guerras peninsulares . 17 5 IX - "Commonwealth" e Império informal: as perspec- tivas de emancipação política do Brasil . 193 X - Missão reformadora dos ingleses e formação da comunidade nacional . 205 XI - História do Brasil: estilo e conceituação . 225 XII - História do Brasil: nexo social e Estado-nação . 255 Bibliografia ... - - -- ~ - - - .. .. "'~ ~ - •• ~ '"".J. - 1 ~ j • 297 PREFACIO ( de Sérgio Buarque de Hollanda) Quando redigia sua História do Brasil, confessou Robert Southey a um amigo a íntima certeza de que esse livro não era dos que se destinam a perecer: com o correr dos séculos represen­ taria para os brasileiros aquilo que, para os europeus, é o de Heródoto. Passados hoje mais de cento e cinqüenta anos desde seu primeiro aparecimento, o prognóstico não se verificou e nada diz que deva cortfirmar-se nos séculos vindouros. :B verdade que um autor do porte de Capistrano de Abreu, em artigo escrito para sair em apenso a uma edição póstuma da História Geral do Brasil de Francisco Adolfo de Varnhagen, visconde de Porto Seguro, se refere àquele dito do inglês qualificando-o de "assomo de justo orgulho". Quanto ao sorocabano, diz que a sua obra também há de ser lida daqui a séculos, mas lida por profissionais, que o consultarão como quem consulta um dicionário de arcaísmos: "o povo", diz mais, "só o conhecerá de tradição". Parece-lhe in­ ferior à de Southey, como forma, como concepção, como intuição, mas inferior só a essa, acrescenta. O mal desse tipo de confrontos, principalmente se provocados por algum movimento de irritação, está em que, procurando ferir de viés o alvo, correm grande risco de erro. Pode-se perguntar se aquele "povo", que só de tradição conhecerá o livro de Varnha­ gen, conheceria muito melhor o de Southey. A irritação de Capis­ trano de Abreu, que não o impedirá de prestar elevado tributo ao visconde de Porto Seguro com o anotar copiosa e consciencio­ samente sua obra-mestra, teria sido despertada, talvez, pela injus­ tiça, "injustiça flagrante", escreve, com que, sob a capa de louvores bem estudados, nela trata a contribuição de Seu antecessor.
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