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Historia De Vida Y Metodología De Enseñanza De La Matemática De Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutiérrez

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Historia De Vida Y Metodología De Enseñanza De La Matemática De Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutiérrez UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE DIDÁCTICA DE LA MATEMÁTICA Y DIDÁCTICA DE LAS CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES TESIS DOCTORAL Historia de Vida y Metodología de Enseñanza de la Matemática de Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutiérrez Autor: Abdón Pari Condori Director: Dr. D. Modesto Sierra Vázquez Salamanca 2011 UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA FACULTAD DE EDUCACIÓN DEPARTAMENTO DE DIDÁCTICA DE LA MATEMÁTICA Y DIDÁCTICA DE LAS CIENCIAS EXPERIMENTALES TESIS DOCTORAL Historia de Vida y Metodología de Enseñanza de la Matemática de Jaime Alfonso Escalante Gutiérrez Esta investigación ha sido realizada en el marco del Programa de Doctorado en Educación Matemática de la Universidad de Salamanca por Abdón Pari Condori, bajo la dirección del Dr. D. Modesto Sierra Vázquez. Dr. D. Modesto Sierra Vázquez Abdón Pari Condori Salamanca 2011 - i - ESTE PROYECTO FUE FINANCIADO PARCIALMENTE POR LA BECA DEL GRUPO SANTANDER DESTINADA A ESTUDIANTES IBEROAMERICANOS PARA REALIZAR ESTUDIOS DE TERCER CICLO Y DOCTORADO EN LA UNIVERSIDAD DE SALAMANCA, 2005/2006, 2006/2007 Y 2007/2008. - ii - DEDICATORIA Esta investigación, culminación del Programa de Doctorado en Educación Matemática y las implicaciones que han tenido en mi desarrollo personal y profesional, no hubiese sido posible sin el apoyo moral y afectivo de quienes han creído en mí y me han apoyado y acompañado siempre. A Aylín Silvia, mi esposa y compañera de toda la vida, por su incondicional apoyo compartiendo conmigo sueños, ilusiones, así como pequeños y grandes logros. Por el cuidado y cariño prodigado a nuestros hijos, y sobre todo, por hacerme sentir cada día un hombre afortunado. A mis queridos hijos Jaime Abdón, Liz Aylín y José Daniel, por ser mi alegría, felicidad y razón de ser, por enseñarme a ser padre; por mantener mi capacidad de asombro; por ser la fuerza que me impulsa a superarme en todos los ámbitos de la vida y por ser la esperanza de un mundo mejor. A mis padres José Manuel y Modesta, a mis suegros Elías y Victoria, que me han dado todo a cambio de poco, porque de ellos he aprendido los valores fundamentales de la vida. A toda mi familia, por su apoyo incondicional, arrimando el hombro siempre que lo hemos necesitado, por privarnos mutuamente durante todo este tiempo de la alegría de compartir la cotidianidad. A mi amigo y maestro Dr. Modesto Sierra Vázquez y de quien he recibido todo el apoyo desde el día en que nos encontramos. Por la confianza y fe que siempre ha depositado en mi. Por alentar el deseo de superación profesional de quienes hemos tenido el privilegio de conocerlo y de trabajar con él. Por enseñarnos a ser profesionales reflexivos y fomentar nuestro compromiso con la educación matemática. A un grupo de colegas y amigos con los que he tenido la oportunidad de trabajar y que han influido, en diferentes momentos, en mi desarrollo profesional: Miriam de Rodríguez, Benigno Godoy, Oscar Rojo, Santiago Sologuren, Hugo Marca, Juan Mascaros, Álvaro Garcia y Emilio Sanpedro. A todos mis amigos de aquí y de allá; por mantenernos en su mente y corazón a pesar del tiempo y la distancia. - iii - AGRADECIMIENTOS − A Dios en primer lugar, por concederme esta gran oportunidad, por su cuidado tanto de mi familia como de mi persona. Además, me puso las personas más agradables en mi estancia en Salamanca, tanto dentro del ámbito académico como fuera de él. Sólo me queda decir Gracias Señor, tu eres Fuerte y Todopoderoso. − A mi familia; el apoyo moral y económico de mi esposa ha sido fundamental para este camino que llega a su final, y la paciencia y el apoyo que recibí de mis hijos, por sus palabras de ánimo y especialmente de José Daniel, que colaboró en el contacto con el profesor Jaime Escalante. − Al Profesor Dr. Modesto Sierra Vázquez, por el apoyo incondicional, por sus orientaciones en el proceso de la investigación, por la paciencia y la capacidad que lo caracteriza como uno de los docentes comprometidos con la educación, específicamente con la educación matemática. Es mi maestro, profesor ejemplar. − Agradezco también a todos mis docentes del Programa del Doctorado en Educación Matemática: Dr. Modesto Sierra Vázquez, director del Programa; Dra. María Teresa González Astudillo, Dr. José María Chamoso Sánchez, Dr. Ricardo López Fernández, Dr. José Ángel Domínguez Pérez, Dra. Carmen Azcárate Jiménez (Universidad de Barcelona); Dr. Salvador Llinares Císcar (Universidad de Alicante), y Dr. Tómas Ortega del Rincón (Universidad de Valladolid). − A la Universidad de Salamanca y al Grupo Santander, por haberme concedido la beca por tres años consecutivos, sin la cual hubiera sido imposible mi estancia en la ciudad de Salamanca. − Al profesor Jaime Escalante, que ha llevado su discurso a todos cuantos le han querido escuchar, y que tenía la simpleza de los genios que hacen sencillo lo que parece tan difícil. Quien me motivó a comenzar el doctorado y sin saber que yo terminaría haciendo la tesis sobre su historia de vida y su metodología de enseñanza de la matemática. Además, me proporcionó toda la documentación necesaria, aunque no suficiente, para la elaboración de este trabajo de investigación, ya que desde que se le diagnosticó el cáncer en la vejiga, la prioridad era su salud. − A mis padres, que me dieron la vida y me enseñaron a seguir adelante a pesar de las dificultades y a poner mi confianza en Dios. - iv - INDICE INTRODUCCIÓN............................................................................................................ 1 CAPÍTULO I .................................................................................................................... 5 EL PROBLEMA DE INVESTIGACIÓN ........................................................................ 5 1.1 Antecedentes........................................................................................................... 5 1.2 Planteamiento del problema y justificación.......................................................... 12 1.3 Preguntas y Objetivos ........................................................................................... 16 CAPITULO II................................................................................................................. 19 MARCO DE REFERENCIA CONCEPTUAL .............................................................. 19 2.1 Historias de vida ................................................................................................... 19 2.2 Origen del término “historia de vida”................................................................... 22 2.3 Términos afines a la historia de vida .................................................................... 26 2.4 Tipologías de historias de vidas............................................................................ 33 2.5 Renacer de las historias de vida............................................................................ 35 2.6 Las Historias de vida en ciencias sociales y humanas.......................................... 38 2.7 Historias de vida en investigación educativa........................................................ 42 2.8 Historias de vida en educación matemática.......................................................... 46 2. 9 Concepciones y creencias de profesores de matemáticas................................... 47 2.10 Caracterización de concepciones y creencias ..................................................... 51 2.11 Concepciones sobre las matemáticas.................................................................. 57 2.12 Concepciones sobre la enseñanza y aprendizaje de las matemáticas ................. 60 CAPÍTULO III................................................................................................................ 65 MARCO METODOLÓGICO......................................................................................... 65 3.1 Fundamentación metodológica............................................................................. 65 3.2 El método biográfico ............................................................................................ 72 3.3 Técnicas de investigación ..................................................................................... 75 3.4 Recogida de información: Instrumentos............................................................... 84 3.5 Estrategias de análisis de información.................................................................. 94 CAPITULO IV ............................................................................................................... 97 HISTORIA DE VIDA DE JAIME ESCALANTE......................................................... 97 4.1 Introducción.......................................................................................................... 97 4.2 Datos biográficos .................................................................................................. 98 4.3 Primera etapa: Jaime Escalante en Bolivia (1930 a 1963).................................. 101 4.4 Segunda etapa: Jaime Escalante en los Estados Unidos (1964-1998)................ 133 4.5 Tercera etapa: Escalante a nivel internacional (1999 – 2010)............................ 151 4.6 Obras de Jaime Escalante ................................................................................... 156 4.7 Premios y Reconocimientos................................................................................ 163 4.8 Escalante en la opinión de otros ......................................................................... 165 CAPITULO V..............................................................................................................
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