Japan Media Landscape
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Joseph Heco and the Origin of Japanese Journalism*
Journalism and Mass Communication, Mar.-Apr. 2020, Vol. 10, No. 2, 89-101 doi: 10.17265/2160-6579/2020.02.003 D DAVID PUBLISHING Joseph Heco and the Origin of Japanese Journalism* WANG Hai, YU Qian, LIANG Wei-ping Guangdong University of Foreign Studies, Guangzhou, China Joseph Heco, with the original Japanese name of Hamada Hikozo, played an active role in the diplomatic, economic, trade, and cultural interactions between the United States and Japan in the 1850s and 1860s. Being rescued from a shipwreck by an American freighter and taken to San Francisco in the 1850s, Heco had the chance to experience the advanced industrial civilization. After returning to Japan, he followed the example of the U.S. newspapers to start the first Japanese newspaper Kaigai Shimbun (Overseas News), introducing Western ideas into Japan and enabling Japanese people under the rule of the Edo bakufu/shogunate to learn about the great changes taking place outside the island. In the light of the historical background of the United States forcing Japan to open up, this paper expounds on Joseph Heco’s life experience and Kaigai Shimbun, the newspaper he founded, aiming to explain how Heco, as the “father of Japanese journalism”, promoted the development of Japanese newspaper industry. Keywords: Joseph Heco (Hamada Hikozo), Kaigai Shimbun, origin of Japanese journalism Early Japanese newspapers originated from the “kawaraban” (瓦版) at the beginning of the 17th century. In 1615, this embryonic form of newspapers first appeared in the streets of Osaka. This single-sided leaflet-like thing was printed irregularly and was made by printing on paper with tiles which was carved with pictures and words and then fired and shaped. -
Inside and Outside Powerbrokers
Inside and Outside Powerbrokers By Jochen Legewie Published by CNC Japan K.K. First edition June 2007 All rights reserved Printed in Japan Contents Japanese media: Superlatives and criticism........................... 1 Media in figures .............................................................. 1 Criticism ........................................................................ 3 The press club system ........................................................ 4 The inside media: Significance of national dailies and NHK...... 7 Relationship between inside media and news sources .......... 8 Group self-censorship within the inside media .................. 10 Specialization and sectionalism within the inside media...... 12 Business factors stabilizing the inside media system.......... 13 The outside media: Complementarities and role as watchdog 14 Recent trends and issues .................................................. 19 Political influence on media ............................................ 19 Media ownership and news diversity................................ 21 The internationalization of media .................................... 25 The rise of internet and new media ................................. 26 The future of media in Japan ............................................. 28 About the author About CNC Japanese media: Superlatives and criticism Media in figures Figures show that Japan is one of the most media-saturated societies in the world (FPCJ 2004, World Association of Newspapers 2005, NSK 2006): In 2005 the number of daily newspapers printed exceeded 70 million, the equivalent of 644 newspapers per 1000 adults. This diffusion rate easily dwarfs any other G-7 country, including Germany (313), the United Kingdom (352) and the U.S. (233). 45 out of the 120 different newspapers available carry a morning and evening edition. The five largest newspapers each sell more than four million copies daily, more than any of their largest Western counterparts such as Bild in Germany (3.9 mil.), The Sun in the U.K. (2.4 mil.) or USA Today in the U.S. -
Mass Media in Japan, Fake News in the World
Mass Media in Japan, Fake News in the World FORUM REPORT 013 Mass Media in Japan, Fake News in the World Reexamining Japan in Global Context Forum, Tokyo, Japan, April 2, 2018 The Japanese Media in flux: Watchdog or Fake News? Daisuke Nakai Asahi Shimbun* The Japanese media are diverse, vibrant, and trusted by that I use.” This placed Japan 28th out of 36 countries. In the public. In recent years, however, this trust has declined, the Japan Press Research Institute study, only 28.9 percent although it is unclear to what extent. Foreign and domestic answered that newspapers served as a watchdog against the critics, including within the Japanese media, have expressed government, with 42.4 percent thinking that “newspapers do concern, with some claiming that press freedom is in decline. not report on all they know about politicians.” In the MIAC Japanese newspapers have been feeling the effects of the poll, while 73.5% trusted newspapers for politics and eco- Internet, as in other countries. Although circulation and ad- nomics, only 51.2% did so for “the safety of nuclear energy” vertising revenue are down, Japan still enjoys a large media and 56.9% for “diplomatic issues in East Asia.” Various stud- presence. As of April 2017, the Japan Newspaper Publish- ies also show that younger people tend to trust the media ers & Editors Association’s membership consisted of 104 less. newspapers, 4 wire services, and 22 television stations, for a Many critics raise the “Kisha (press) clubs” as a symbol of total of 130 companies. Many other magazines and Internet- both the closed nature of the press and the close relationship based publications do not belong to the Association but are between reporters and the people they cover. -
Imperial Japanese Propaganda and the Founding of the Japan Times 1897-1904
Volume 19 | Issue 12 | Number 2 | Article ID 5604 | Jun 15, 2021 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Imperial Japanese Propaganda and the Founding of The Japan Times 1897-1904 Alexander Rotard Abstract: Founded in 1897 as a semi-official government organ by Zumoto Motosada with the support of Itō Hirobumi and Fukuzawa Yukichi, The Japan Times played an essential role, as the first English-language newspaper to be edited by Japanese, in shaping Western understandings of Japan and Japanese modernisation in the late 19th to early 20th centuries. The Japan Times framed Japanese ‘modernisation’ in the language of Western civilisation, thus facilitating Japan’s rapprochement with the Western Powers (particularly with Great Britain) in the late 19th century by presenting Japan as a ‘civilised’ (i.e., Western) nation-state. The paper played an equally important role in manipulating Western public discourses in favour of Japan’s expansionist ambitions in Asia by framing justifications for Japanese foreign policy in concepts of Western civilisation. Keywords: Meiji-era Japanese propaganda, Zumoto Motosada, founder of The Japan Times1 The Japan Times, Zumoto Motosada, Japanese Imperialism, Anglo-Japanese rapprochement, colonisation of Korea. Introduction . Despite The Japan Times’ critical role as a Japanese Government propaganda organ, the paper has been greatly understudied in both the Japanese and English literature. Japanese- language studies of The Japan Times and Zumoto Motosada exist in small number2 but thorough research into The Japan Times’ role as a promoter of Meiji Government propaganda 1 19 | 12 | 2 APJ | JF has yet to be undertaken in English orthe Korean press has been well examined by Japanese. -
The Sankei and the State of Japan's Newspaper Industry 印刷機作業停止？産經と日本の新聞業界
Volume 8 | Issue 10 | Number 4 | Article ID 3318 | Mar 08, 2010 The Asia-Pacific Journal | Japan Focus Stop the Press? The Sankei and the State of Japan's Newspaper Industry 印刷機作業停止？産經と日本の新聞業界 David McNeill, Peter Alford said Blaine Harden, Tokyo correspondent for The Washington Post. “The elite press is in this Stop the Press? The Sankei and the terrible pickle. There is this incredible problem State of Japan’s Newspaper Industry about where you get money.” Harden said his own newspaper epitomizes the problem. It is Peter Alford and David McNeill still hugely popular, with over half the population of Washington seeing the Post in Introduction: David McNeill print or online every day. But with online advertising attracting just 11 percent of the There can be little exaggerating the vertiginous revenue of hardcopy versions, the paper lost decline of US print journalism. Daily newspaper $200 million in 2008. sales (of about 379 titles) down by 10 million to 30.4 million over the last decade; over 15,000 What about Japan? For years, Japanese US journalists sacked across the country in newspaper circulations seemed to defy gravity, 2008; some of the most venerable titles in print held aloft by the industry’s unusual success in media, including The Boston Globe, teetering scoring and holding subscriptions. Direct close to extinction; circulation of others, such deliveries to homes, backed by famously as the once invincibleNew York Times, tenacious distribution networks, account for plummeting – down by 7.3 percent in the six over 90 percent of all sales in Japan, according months ending September 30, 2009, according to Laurie Anne Freeman, author of Closing The to the U.S. -
THE MIT JAPAN PROGRAM I~~~~~~~~A
THE MIT JAPAN PROGRAM i~~~~~~~~A 0; - -) 'V3 ··it Science, Technology, Management kit 0-~ .Z9 EXPLORING THE INTERSECTION OF GOVERNMENT, POLITICS AND THE NEWS MEDIA IN JAPAN: THE TSUBAKI HA TSUGEN INCIDENT Paul M. Berger MITJP 95-04 Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology --IIICI--l,.-..-.- --------- Exploring the Intersection of Government, Politics and the News Media in Japan The Tsubaki Hatsugen Incident Paul M. Berger MITJP 95-04 Distributed Courtesy of the MIT Japan Program Science Technology * Management Center for International Studies Massachusetts Institute of Technology Room E38-7th Floor Cambridge, MA 02139 phone: 617-253-2839 fax: 617-258-7432 © MIT Japan Program 1_ 9___0_1____ YII_ IX____ __ About the MIT Japan Program and its Working Paper Series The MIT Japan Program was founded in 1981 to create a new generation of technologically sophisticated "Japan-aware" scientists, engineers, and managers in the United States. The Program's corporate sponsors, as well as support from the government and from private foundations, have made it the largest, most comprehensive, and most widely emulated center of applied Japanese studies in the world. The intellectual focus of the Program is to integrate the research methodologies of the social sciences, the humanities, and technology to approach issues confronting the United States and Japan in their relations involving science and technology. The Program is uniquely positioned to make use of MIT's extensive network of Japan-related resources, which include faculty, researchers, and library collections, as well as a Tokyo-based office. Through its three core activities, namely, education, research, and public awareness, the Program disseminates both to its sponsors and to the interested public its expertise on Japanese science and technology and on how that science and technology is managed. -
J-Pop and the Marginalization of Mixed-Heritage Japanese Americans
POKEMON(ORACIAL): J-POP AND THE MARGINALIZATION OF MIXED-HERITAGE JAPANESE AMERICANS . A thesis submitted to the faculty of San Francisco State University 3 Q> In partial fulfillment of The Requirements for The Degree Master of Arts In Ethnic Studies by Morgan Michele Melendres Mentz San Francisco, California May 2016 Copyright by Morgan Michele Melendres Mentz 2016 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL I certify that I have read Pokemon(oracial): J-pop and the Marginalization of Mixed-Heritage Japanese Americans by Morgan Michele Melendres Mentz, and that in my opinion this work meets the criteria for approving a thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree: Master of Arts in Ethnic Studies at San Francisco State University. A A ' Ethnic Studies Dawn missa Mscner Professor of Africana Studies POKEMON(ORACIAL): J-POP AND THE MARGINALIZATION OF MIXED-HERITAGE JAPANESE AMERICANS Morgan Michele Melendres Mentz San Francisco, California 2016 This thesis deconstructs the use of Japanese popular cultural iconography by art and community festival spaces in Bay Area Japantowns and critiques the ways in which they reinforce traditional and new Orientalist stereotypes of the Japanese American community. Through use of Japanese popular culture these spaces create a visual narrative that promotes homogenous and monoracial stereotypes of the Nikkei community. Leveraging ethnographic observations of community gallery and festival spaces this work investigates how meaning is constructed and derived within Japantown spaces through the use of Japanese popular culture imagery. Furthermore, this thesis explores how such imagery reinforces Japanophilic delineations of the Nikkei community that distort the heterogeneous mixed-heritage make-up of the Japanese America. -
Standardization of Companion Device Architecture of Hybridcast
Standardization of Companion Device Architecture of Hybridcast Japan BroadcastingHisayuki Corporation Ohmata (NHK) 1. Introduction standards were established by IPTV Forum Japan and ARIB. With the recent growth in popularity of the internet and Section 2 of this paper introduces the current status and issues smartphones, it is now easy for information and services to be of collaboration between broadcasting and internet services, and accessed by anyone, anywhere. On the other hand, television section 3 introduces the standard technologies that are used in broadcasting has been the principal source of media in current integrated broadcast-broadband services and companion people’s living-rooms for about the last sixty years. However, screen services. Section 4 then summarizes the newly standardized if broadcasting is to retain its position as a reliable, topical and companion device architecture of Hybridcast, section 5 presents familiar communication medium, then we believe that it will have some examples of services that use this architecture, and section to become capable of cooperating with a wide variety of other 6 describes the trends in Japanese domestic and international services in the future in order to keep up with remarkable changes standardization. Finally, section 7 discusses the future prospects of in people’s lifestyles [1]. this technology, and concludes with a summary. In 2013, as a means of facilitating cooperation between 2. Current status and issues of collaboration broadcasting and internet services, an integrated broadcast- between broadcasting and internet services broadband system called Hybridcast[2] was standardized by the IPTV Forum Japan and the Association of Radio Industries and Since the start of broadcasting in 1953, television has spawned Businesses (ARIB). -
Broadcast Technology
Trends in Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting Countermeasures for analog channel adjustments that will be necessary to accommodate the upcoming launch of digital terrestrial television broadcasting began in the three largest metropolitan areas on February 9 of this year. The basic policy of the National Promotion Committee for Digital Terrestrial Broadcasting was determined in July for the other areas of the country, where work will advance on establishing a nationwide system. This article provides an overview of the schedule for analog channel adjustment countermeasures, broadcasts in Tokyo/Nagoya/Osaka, digital broadcasting standardization, and work being conducted by related organizations toward digitalization of terrestrial broadcasts. It also explains broadcast-wave relay technology, which will play an important role in the future nationwide service. 1. Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting been covered in the initial plan, such as subscribers who Analog channel adjustment countermeasures receive broadcasts from transmitters other than the nearest The Joint Committee Concerning Digital Terrestrial ones (Table 1). Broadcasting, established in September 1999 by the The document detailing amendments to the basic plan Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs, Posts and for promoting broadcasting and the frequency use plan Telecommunications (MPHPT), prepared the initial plan was released on September 27, 2002. It describes how the regarding the number of broadcasting stations and digitalization of terrestrial services would advance in households to be affected by the analog adjustment phases: first, the Tokyo / Osaka / Nagoya areas would be countermeasures and an estimate of the cost for the digitalized; then, other regions would be digitalized. It took changeover. Its report was released in April 2000. -
Japanese Newspapers
CENTER ON JAPANESE ECONOMY AND BUSINESS Working Paper Series December 2013, No. 334 Japanese Newspapers David Flath This paper is available online at www.gsb.columbia.edu/cjeb/research COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK December 10, 2013 Japanese Newspapers David Flath* Faculty of Economics,Ritsumeikan University abstract In Japan, newspapers enjoy a special exemption from antimonopoly prohibitions against resale price maintenance (suppliers’ stipulations that bar downstream firms from price discounting), but are each required to set uniform prices throughout Japan. In fact, the newspapers have rarely changed their subscription prices in recent years, and the three leading national dailies, together accounting for about half the total industry circulation, and thirteen other papers accounting for another one eighth of industry circulation, all have set exactly the same price (3,925 yen per month for combined morning-and-evening editions, and 3,007 yen per month for morning-only). The remaining local papers all set lower prices. Econometric analysis here shows that Japanese newspaper subscription prices are far below the levels that would maximize joint profit, given the newspaper content. The authorized resale price maintenance, and prohibition against prices that vary geographically, seems to have allowed only modest collusive price increases. JEL codes: D4, L4 Keywords: resale price maintenance, two-sided markets, newspapers, advertising *Professor, Faculty of Economics,Ritsumeikan University Noji Higashi 1 chome, 1-1 Kusatsu Shiga 525-8577 JAPAN Tel. +81(0)77-561-2821 E-mail: [email protected] This research is supported by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C), grant no. -
The Value of Public Service Media
The Value of Public Service Media T he worth of public service media is under increasing scrutiny in the 21st century as governments consider whether the institution is a good investment and a fair player in media markets. Mandated to provide universally accessible services and to cater for groups that are not commercially attractive, the institution often con- fronts conflicting demands. It must evidence its economic value, a concept defined by commercial logic, while delivering social value in fulfilling its largely not-for-profit public service mission and functions. Dual expectations create significant complex- The Value of ity for measuring PSM’s overall ‘public value’, a controversial policy concept that provided the theme for the RIPE@2012 conference, which took place in Sydney, Australia. This book, the sixth in the series of RIPE Readers on PSM published by NORDI- Public Service Media COM, is the culmination of robust discourse during that event and the distillation of its scholarly outcomes. Chapters are based on top tier contributions that have been revised, expanded and subject to peer review (double-blind). The collection investi- gates diverse conceptions of public service value in media, keyed to distinctions in Gregory Ferrell Lowe & Fiona Martin (eds.) the values and ideals that legitimate the public service enterprise in media in many countries. Fiona Martin (eds.) Gregory Ferrell Lowe & RIPE 2013 University of Gothenburg Box 713, SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden Telephone +46 31 786 00 00 (op.) Fax +46 31 786 46 55 E-mail: -
The Hagi Taishou（Grand Prix）Of Contemporary Ceramic Ⅲ
THE GRAND PRIX NEWS The Hagi Taisho u（Grand Prix ）of Contemporary Ceramic Ⅲ 2 January 2014 – 2 February 2014 Place:Hagi Uragami Museum, Yamaguchi, Japan. Tel ：+81 −838 −24 −2400 Fax ：+81 −838 −24 −2401 E-mail ：[email protected] URL ：http://hum.pref.yamaguchi.lg.jp The Organization Committee of the Hagi Taisho u（Grand Prix ）will hold the International Contemporary Ceramic Competition. Ceramic Art is one of the important cultural resources at the Yamaguchi prefecture. We hope this competition will lead to the more development the Ceramic Art and look forward to your creative work. The Application Outline １． The qualification of application ：Disregard ：Application form ：Japanese or English ※In the 2 nd Jury, ceramists who are not residents at Japan, need to some deputies who are residents at Japan. ２． The number of the works ：one or two works / a ceramist ３． The standar d（rule ）of the competition ： ａ， The total size of the height + width + depths is within 240cm, and one of the longest side is within 150cm. ｂ， Only ceramic works that are originals, with the exclusion of any copies will be admitted. ｃ， Any works without a hindrance is best in transporting and an exhibition. The works that are easily broken will be rejected. Even in the trust transportation, they will be returned to the sender at their expense. ｄ， Entrants are responsible for sending works to the designated address at their own expense. Each package must imperatively contain a list of the works. The committee of the Hagi Grand Prix is not responsible for any damage to works during shipping.