Az Értekezés M Űhelyvitájában Elhangzott Észrevételeket És Javaslatokat Az Értekezés Átdolgozásakor Figyelembe Vette, Azért Az Értekezés Nyilvános Vitára Bocsátható

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Az Értekezés M Űhelyvitájában Elhangzott Észrevételeket És Javaslatokat Az Értekezés Átdolgozásakor Figyelembe Vette, Azért Az Értekezés Nyilvános Vitára Bocsátható Aromaanyagok összehasonlító vizsgálata fajtaazonosítás céljából Mednyánszky Zsuzsanna Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Élelmiszerkémiai és Táplálkozástudományi Tanszék Budapest, 2012 A doktori iskola megnevezése: Élelmiszertudományi Doktori Iskola tudományága : Élelmiszertudományok vezet ője: Dr. Fodor Péter Egyetemi tanár, DSc BUDAPESTI CORVINUS EGYETEM Élelmiszertudományi Kar Alkalmazott Kémia Tanszék Témavezet ő: Dr. Amtmann Mária Egyetemi docens, PhD BUDAPESTI CORVINUS EGYETEM Élelmiszertudományi Kar Élelmiszerkémiai és Táplálkozástudományi Tanszék A jelölt a Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Doktori Szabályzatában előírt valamennyi feltételnek eleget tett, az értekezés m űhelyvitájában elhangzott észrevételeket és javaslatokat az értekezés átdolgozásakor figyelembe vette, azért az értekezés nyilvános vitára bocsátható. Az iskolavezet ő jóváhagyása A témavezet ő jóváhagyása A Budapesti Corvinus Egyetem Élettudományi Területi Doktori Tanács 2012. október 15 -i határozatában a nyilvános vita lefolytatására az alábbi bíráló Bizottságot jelölte ki: BÍRÁLÓ BIZOTTSÁG : Elnöke: Farkas József, MHAS, BCE Tagjai: Biacs Péter, DSc, BCE Kiskó Gabriella, PhD, BCE Stefanovitsné Bányai Éva, DSc, BCE Beczner Judit, CSc, KÉKI Opponensek Daood Hussein, CSc, SZIE-RET Kókai Zoltán, PhD, BCE Titkár: Kiskó Gabriella, PhD Tartalomjegyzék 1. BEVEZETÉS....................................................................................................................1 2. SZAKIRODALMI ÁTTEKINTÉS.................................................................................. 3 2.1. A teanövény ...............................................................................................................3 2.1.1. A teanövény termesztése....................................................................................... 5 2.1.2. Teatermeszt ő országok .........................................................................................6 2.1.2.1. India ..................................................................................................................6 2.1.2.2. Kína...................................................................................................................7 2.1.2.3. Srí Lanka...........................................................................................................8 2.2. A tea kémiája.............................................................................................................9 2.2.1. A teahajtás összetétele .......................................................................................... 9 2.2.2. A tea illóanyagai................................................................................................. 15 2.2.2.1. Zöld illat.......................................................................................................... 15 2.2.2.2. Virágaroma...................................................................................................... 16 2.2.2.3. Égett és diós aroma.......................................................................................... 18 2.3. Aromavizsgálati módszerek .................................................................................... 19 2.4. A tea gyártástechnológiája...................................................................................... 22 2.4.1. A fehér tea.......................................................................................................... 22 2.4.2. A zöld tea ........................................................................................................... 23 2.4.3. Az Oolong tea..................................................................................................... 25 2.4.4. A fekete tea ........................................................................................................ 27 2.5. A tea egészségre kifejtett hatásai ............................................................................ 30 3. CÉLKIT ŰZÉSEK.......................................................................................................... 33 4. ANYAGOK ÉS MÓDSZEREK..................................................................................... 34 4.1. A vizsgált teaminták ................................................................................................ 34 4.1.1. Kínai Keemun fekete tea..................................................................................... 34 4.1.2. Ceyloni fekete tea............................................................................................... 34 4.1.3. Indiai Assam fekete tea....................................................................................... 34 4.1.4. Indiai Darjeeling fekete tea................................................................................. 34 4.1.5. Kínai fehér tea .................................................................................................... 35 4.1.6. Kínai zöld tea ..................................................................................................... 35 4.1.7. Kínai Oolong tea................................................................................................. 35 4.2. Vizsgálati módszerek............................................................................................... 35 4.2.1. Gázkromatográfiás mérések................................................................................ 35 4.2.1.1. Alkalmazott vegyszerek................................................................................... 35 4.2.1.2. A mintael őkészítés m űveletei...........................................................................36 4.2.1.2.1. Vízg őzdesztilláció.........................................................................................36 4.2.1.2.2. Szimultán desztilláció-extrakció.................................................................... 36 4.2.1.2.3. Szilárd fázisú mikroextrakció (SPME) ..........................................................37 4.2.1.3. GC-MS mérési körülmények ........................................................................... 38 4.2.2. Érzékszervi bírálat .............................................................................................. 38 4.2.3. Elektronikus orr vizsgálatok ............................................................................... 40 4.2.4. Elektronikus nyelv vizsgálatok ........................................................................... 41 5. KÍSÉRLETI EREDMÉNYEK ÉS KIÉRTÉKELÉSÜK .............................................. 43 5.1. A gázkromatográfiás vizsgálatok eredménye......................................................... 43 5.1.1. A kiértékelés módja ............................................................................................ 43 5.1.2. A mintael őkészítési módszerek összehasonlítása.................................................45 5.1.3. A teák gázkromatográfiás vizsgálatának eredményei...........................................52 5.1.3.1. A kínai Keemun fekete tea aromaösszetétele....................................................52 5.1.3.2. A Ceyloni fekete tea bemutatása ...................................................................... 57 5.1.3.3. Az indiai Assam tea bemutatása....................................................................... 61 5.1.3.4. A Darjeeling tea kromatográfiás vizsgálata ......................................................64 5.1.3.5. A kínai fehér tea .............................................................................................. 69 5.1.3.6. A kínai zöld tea aromaösszetétele .................................................................... 73 5.1.3.7. A kínai Oolong tea aromaösszetétele................................................................76 5.2. Összehasonlító vizsgálatok ...................................................................................... 80 5.2.1. A fekete teák aromaösszetételének összehasonlítása ...........................................80 5.2.1.1. A gázkromatográfiás mérések.......................................................................... 80 5.2.1.2. Érzékszervi bírálat ........................................................................................... 90 5.2.1.3. Elektronikus orr vizsgálatok............................................................................. 93 5.2.1.4. Elektronikus nyelv vizsgálatok......................................................................... 96 5.2.2. A különböz ő fermentáltságú teák összehasonlítása ............................................. 98 5.2.2.1. A gázkromatográfiás mérések.......................................................................... 98 5.2.2.2. Érzékszervi bírálat ......................................................................................... 107 5.2.2.3. Elektronikus orr vizsgálatok........................................................................... 109 5.2.2.4. Elektronikus nyelv vizsgálatok....................................................................... 112 5.3. Új tudományos eredmények.................................................................................. 114 6. KÖVETKEZTETÉSEK, JAVASLATOK .................................................................. 115 7. ÖSSZEFOGLALÁS..................................................................................................... 116 8. SUMMARY.................................................................................................................. 121 9. IRODALOMJEGYZÉK .............................................................................................
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