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Fray Diego De Deza «Vi Fray Diego de Deza ENSAYO BIOGRÁFICO ARMANDO COTARELO Y VALLEDOR Doctor en l-'ilosofiii y l*tr.n. MADHID IMPRENTA D El JOSÉ PBÍÍALBS V MAKTÍNBZ Calle de la Cabeza, núm. 'IT. Í905 o J. FRAY DIEGO DE DEZA i 5: Fray Diego de Deza ENSAYO BIOGRÁFICO . POR ARMANDO COT ARELO Y VALT.EDOR Doctor en Filosofia y Letras. MADRIP ÍMPRBEÍTA DE JOSÉ PERALES Y MARTÍNEZ CaHe de la Cabeza, núm. 12. 1902 AL EXCMO. li ILMO. SEÑOR DR. D. LUIS FELIPE ORTIZ, OBISPO DE ZAMORA, tece eite Hioàeáto- en-ácuj/o- c+t fceôti/mom-o- AUTOR ADVERTENCIA ,A presente monografía tuvo ];i fortuna de lograrei premio dei limo. Sr. D. Luis Felipe Ortiz, Obis- M" po de Zamora, en los Juegos Florales celebrados en aquella ciudad á mediados del último mes de Julio. Habíase anunciado el tema con este epígrafe: Me• moria biográfica de FRAY DIKGO DE DEZA y noticia de su influencia en el descubrimiento de América, y á él se ajustó mi trabajo. La prisa con que los de esta índo• le suelen componerse, me impidió entonces acompa• ñarlo' de muchos apuntes y detalles que venía" traba• jando en este asunto, ya antes de anunciarse aquel concurso. Por tal causa fué desprovisto de los apéndi• ces, de casi todas las notas y de muchos pormenores con que ahora se enriquece. El lisonjero recibimiento y los plácemes y elogios que, á pesar de todo, recibió del Jurado calificador i me animan n publicarlo, es• meradamente retocado y corregido, como un ensayo en {il Cumplo gnsloso un deber de gratitud y de justicia consignando aquí mi profundo reconocimiento á los Srüs. D. Felipe Olmedo. Presi• dente del Jurado y D. Francisco ftlorán, erudilo historiador de Zamora, por las delicadas atenciones y cariñosas frases que b»n tenido para con• migo. I.o propio debo manifestar respecto de mi buen amigo y condiscí• pulo el aprovechado joven D. Godofíedo Ribera y Sanz, Licenciado en Fiiosofia y Letras, cuyas dilifieníes gestiones y repelidas molestias en este asnino me fueran tan útiles como A el incomodas. PRAY DIEGO DS DBXA que se ofrece reunido y por orden lo principal de cuan• to se lia escrito del ilustre Prelado DON FKAY DIKÍÍO OK DEZA. Si de este modo mi humilde obra puede aprovechar en algo para conocer quién fué varón tan señalaiio, o para el que con mayores talentos y fortuna saque ê l^. luz la historia de su larga y fecunda vida, se habrán realizado los deseos con que fué escrita. Madrid y Agosto de IQOI. 22 843 Introducción. *ACE próximamente un mes se cumplieron *^ trescientos setenta y ocíjo años desde que, en las afueras de Sevilla, falleció en el Señor, cargado de años, glorias y virtudes, el varón insigne, gran• de en piedad, esclarecido en ciencia, sublimado en hpnores y dignidades, que se llamó DON FRAY DIEGO -DÉ'DEZA. í)esde entonces cuantos directa ó indirectamente á él se refieren le colman de elogios, recordando ios( muchos merecimientos que en vida le llevaron á las eminentes dignidades á que fué promovido, y des• pués de muerto, fijaron para siempre su memoria.' Tuvo la suerte de nacer y vivir en tiempos du• rante los cuales Castilla brillaba en tal grandeza que eclipsaba á las demás naciones de Europa. Con• temporáneo de los egregios Prelados Fr. Hernando de Talavera, D. Pedro González de Mendoza y Fray Francisco Jiménez de Cisneros, fué como ellos in• signe pontífice, amigo, Confesor y Consejero de los grandes Reyes que la posteridad apellida Católi- •cos; como aquéllos ocupó altísimos puestos, como (i) Estas líneas se escribían en los primeros días de Julio de 1901 10 FRAY DIEGO DE DEZA , á ellos le concedió el cíelo larga vida, pero no tuvo la fortuna que ellos disfrutaron de contar aventaja• das fílumas que sacasen á la luz sus acciones y vir• tudes, y así son menos conocidas de lo que conviene á su memoria y á nuestro provecho. La corta biografía que D. Diego Ignacio de Gón- gora compuso y va al frente de su Historia del Co• legio de Santo Tomás de Sevilla 1 pudiera bastar, no obstante sus inexactitudes y hondas lagunas, para conocer en compendio la vida de tan insigne prelado; pero la escasa tirada que de aquel libro se hizo i, y la circunstancia de, no haberse puesto á la venta, le hacen sumamente raro y casi desconocido. La presente, que ni con mucho aspira á remediar tan lamentable falta, escrita con presencia de la de Gón- gpra, le añade, sin embargo, bastante y en cosas harto principales, como son todo lo relativo á sus primeros años,, mucho,de lo tocante á su gestión como Inquisidor general, que Góngora pasó por alto, algo de lo que. se refiere á la reforma de la Claustra, todo lo que atañe á Colón y al descubrimiento de las Indias, el estudio, siquiera incompleto como es, de los escritos del PADRE DEZA, bastantes pormenores y menudencias de menor cuenta y las interesantes cartas inéditas y desconocidas que el autor tuvo la fortuna de hallar y se incluyen en los apéndices 3. (J ]. íniprçsa, coii qn.prótogo del Cardenal Í>. Fr. Zeferino Gonzáièz, áexpensas deL.Marqflèsde.San Marcial en Sevilla, por Rasco, i^go, dos tomos pn 4.0 ' -. '' • *-.. - .<-. • .. - •« 1 Í (21 . Tan solo dbscienios ejemplares. • • ; (3) ; Se observaráoue.en-ét discurso de esta Noticia son muy-/aras las vecçs que la Bistoria -del Colegio de Santo Tomás se cita', y es quc.como ya observó su sabio prologuista/et dardenal González (Prd- /í)^ó,:pág,,xir),1el.traba]o de Góngora no-tk-ne nada de original, sjendo FRAY DIHGO DE DEZA 11 No obstante, la de Góngora es tanto la mejor bio• grafía que hasta hoy tenemos de FRAY DIEGO DE DEZA, cuanto que las demás 1 no son dignas de tai nombre, ni forman un cuerpo independiente y de materia seguida, antes van por retazos ó partes de aquella fecunda vida y están embebidas en episco- pologios, diccionarios biográficos y otras obras de carácter general. Pero esto no basta: la figura de DEZA requiere un libro. Seguramente un autor de mayores talentos y saber que el de la presente biografía, y un dilatado espacio de tiempo para registrar varios archivos como los de las Catedrales en que DEZA fué Prela• do, el Histórico nacional de la Corte y el de Si• mancas podrían llenar este vacío. En tanto, la pre• sente Noticia podrá servir como muestra de lo que fué el limo. Rvmo. y venerable señor DON FRAY DIEGO DE DEZA, de la Orden de Predicadores, Maestro en Sagrada Teología, Catedrático de Prima en la Universidad de Salamanca, Maestro del Prín• cipe Don Juan, Confesor de los Reyes Católicos y de su Consejo, su Capellán mayor y Gran Canciller dç Castilla, Obispo de Zamora, Salamanca, Jaén y Falencia, segundo Inquisidor general de España, Albacea testamentario de la Reina Doña Isabel, Arzobispo de Sevilla y Electo de Toledo y Funda• dor del colegio mayor de Santo Tomás de Aquino más bien un estudio de segunda mano. El autor del présenle, habiendo conocido y consultado ¡as fuentes que á aquél le sirvieron, más otras • posteriòres, que no pudo gozar ouien escribía en. el siglo xv II, según puede verse en la Bibliografía al fin inserta, prefirió citarlas directa• mente, ni De ellas se dará noticia en los apéndices. 12 FRAY DIEGO DE DEZA .«y Sevilla, y los servicios que á la religión cató• lica, á España, á su Orden y á la Iglesia hispa• lense prestó durante su larga y trabajada vida el decidido protector de Colón, el prudente reforma• dor de la Claustra, el pacificador de la Bélica, el teólogo profundo, el diestro polemista, el perspi• caz político, el fidelísimo Consejero del Rey Cató• lico «el varón eximio, en fin, que llenó su época con su nombre, con su fama y con sus obras, figu• rando dignamente ai lado del Gran Cardenal de Es• paña y del Cardenal Cisneros» *. Oscuro fraile dominico primero, Catedrático de Salamanca después, Prelado sucesivamente de las Sedes de Zamora, Salamanca, Jaén y Falencia, y Ar• zobispo de una de las más insignes Metrópolis de España más tarde, distinguióse siempre por su ca- fidad hacia los menesterosos, por su celo y diligen• cia en promover el decoro del clero y su ardiente lafición al estudio. Este fué el único entretenimiento del Arzobispo, sin admitir otro alguno ni aun de aquellos qué los más escrupulosos reputan por jus• tificados y de buen ejemplo 2, Ensayó su ciencia teológica confundiendo al .te- -mible heresiarca Pedro de Osma; los Reyes Cató• licos le confiaron la formación religiosa y literaria del Prínçipe Don Juan; Gran Canciller de Castilla, -Capellán mayor y Confesor de aquellos insignes Monarcas, testamentario de Doña Isabel y consejero leal de Don Fernando, por sus talentos y virtudes (1) CARDENAL GONZÁLEZ, Prólogo A W Historia del Colegia de Jianto Tomás, pág* x. (2) FR. JUAN LÓPEZ, Obispo de Monópoli. Quarta parte de la His• toria general de Santo Domingo-, pág. 112, col. a. FRAY DIEGO DE DEZA 13 llegó á tener tal valimiento en la Corte, que los Re• yes le consultaban así verbalmente como por escrito cuantos asuntos graves debían resolver, escuchando y atendiendo mucho parecer tan autorizado- Por lo que hace al Rey Católico fué la persona más con• junta y de mayor confianza que tuvo en Castilla. Hablar del PADRE DEZA y no referirse á su inter• vención en el descubrimiento de América es punto menos que imposible, y así todos los que moderna• mente en alguna de ambas cosas se han ocupado esfuérzanse en enaltecerle á porfía y én elogiarle por ello, exagerando ã la par el papel de nuestro biografiado en tan principal acaecimiento.
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