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Mesua Ferrae Linn:- a Review of the Indian Medical Herb Sys Rev Pharm. 2017;8(1):19-23 Review Article A multifaceted Review journal in the field of Pharmacy Mesua ferrae linn:- A Review of the Indian Medical Herb Amit Sharma1*, Surbhi Sharma2, Rohit1, Naresh1 and Bharat Parashar1 1Department of Pharmacy, Manav Bharti University Solan, Village- Laddo, Sultanpur, KumarHatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA. 2Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, Punjab, INDIA. ABSTRACT as an ornamental plant due to its graceful shape, Pink to Red drooping Plant kingdom provides us abundance of plant with various medicinal prop- leaves and large beautiful, fragrant white flowers. The present review sum- erties. Which can be used as Remedial agents for various health issues. marizes various important, essential and medicinal properties of this Indian Mesua ferrae Linn. (Clusiaceae) is a rare plant which is being used for its medicinal herb. properties and effects like anti-septic, anti-inflammatory, blood purifier, -ex Key words: Mesua Ferrae Linn, Ornamental, Ayurveda, Rheumatic, Me- pectorant, purgative, antiasthmatic etc. Mesua ferrae Linn. (Nagakesara), dicinal Value. cobra’s saffron, is named after the heaviness of its timber and is mostly Correspondence: cultivated in tropical climates, consists foliage and fragrant flowers. It is highly used in the ayurveda for the treatment of pain, inflammation and Amit Sharma rheumatic conditions. It is observed and proved that the presence of Phe- Department of Pharmacy, Manav Bharti University Solan, Village- Laddo, Sul- nylcoumarins, Xanthones, Triterpenoids, Fats and Flavanoids are presence tanpur, KumarHatti, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, INDIA. in this plant which is responsible for its biological as well as medicinal Email: [email protected] properties. It is also known to be called Sri lankan ironwood, India rose DOI : 10.5530/srp.2017.1.5 chestnut. The tree can grow over 30 meters tall. Mesua Ferrae is cultivated INTRODUCTION Mesua Ferrae Linn. belongs to family Clusiaceae. In hindi it is commonly Distribution known as Nagakesara and its English name is Ceylon iron wood. It may Mesua Ferrae Linn is widely and frequently distributed in the dense be medium or a large ever green tree with a small short trunk, found mountains of Eastern Himalayas, Bengal, Assam, Tenasserim burma, abundantly in the Himalayas from Nepal eastward, in north India, Dec- Andamans, evergreen rainforests of northern kanara and southern part can peninsula and the Andaman islands, to an altitude of 1.500m. Trees of konkan, huge forests from western ghats to southern kanara to tran- are cultivated for its flowers as they are highly attractive and ornamental vancere.14 is nature. Its flowers as well as its leaves have high and rich medicinal value and property and act as an antidote for dangerous snake bite. One Morphology of mesua ferrae linn. of its biggest and vital applications is found on its flowers, as a paste of its It is known to be evergreen tree 20-30 m in height, often fluted at base, flowers with mixture of butter and sugar is highly useful in treating and creamy white or pinkish brown, heart wood dark red, very hard, bit- curing bleeding piles and burning of feet. Its seed oil can be beneficial in ter sometimes sweet scouted, bark surface is smooth. Leaves opposite, the curation of itch.1 Nagakeshara is one of the cathurjata.2 The plant is frequently used as antimicrobial,3-6 antibacterial and antiprotozoal. This simple and entire, flowers are showy, white yellow or red, polygamo to plant Mesua Ferrae Linn is cytotoxic to T-lymphocyte leukemia cells and dioecious, sepals are 2-6, imbricate or decussate, petals are 2-6 imbri- antimicrobial.7 also possesses anti-inflammatory and anti-ulcers along cated. Fruit is ovoid-globose having conical point, striate, 1-10 loculed, with central nervous system (CNS) depressant.8 Plant known to consist 1-4 seeded. Flowers are bisexual with numerous golden colour stamens. glycosides, Flavanoids, xanthones, Triglycerides and resins. Important Leaves are somewhat shiny, due to numerous secondary veins running to oils, Fatty acids some steroids, reducing sugar, tannin, saponin and some the margin. Useful parts all fruits, seed, flowers, Buds, Leaves and Bark. proteins are to be presented in this plant. The flowers of this plant fre- Mostly used part is stamens.15 Figure16 Mesua Ferrae Linn.(i) Tree; (ii) quently contains α-copaene and germacrene D.9 Linn plant is also used Fruit; (iii) Leaves; (iv) Flower and; (v) Seeds. It flower in the dry season as adulterants.10 Leaves has been used in the form of poultice which can and give out now leaves just after flowering during the rainy seasons. be applied to head in severe colds, also can be used in any kind of dis- Bisexual flowers only open for one day between 3-4am and get closed 11 turbance of stomach, cough, high perspiration, dyspepsia etc. Leaves around sunset.17 are also used in treating scorpion strings. In Ayurveda, it is an essential and chief ingredient of Nagakeshara-adi-churna, used in curing bacillary Medicinal uses dysentery and Naga-keshara yaga, in case of piles. In unani medicines it The plant have high medicinal value and used in inflammation as well as acts as an important ingredient of Jawarish Shehryaran, a liver tonic, Hab septic condition.18 It is used for its antiseptic, purgative, blood purifier, Pachuluna an appetizer. It act as an anti convulsant also, Seizures can be worm control, tonic properties etc by the tribal people of Assam.19 It is cured by this plant.12 Classification also used to cure fever, cold, asthma and can be useful as cardiotonic, 20 Kingdom - Plantae expectorant, carminative, and antipyretic agent. Sore eye can be treated Order - Malpighiales with the ashes of leaves of the plant. Kernels can be used in skin eruption 21 Family - Clusiaceae/Calophyllaceae problems. Leaves as well as flowers are used against snake and scorpion Genus - Mesua sting. Oil is used for skin infection, scabies, wounds and rheumatism. Species - Ferrea/ M.ferrea There flower are highly expectorant, stomachic and astringent. Bark as Full Name - Mesua Ferrae Linn13 well as root act as bitter tonic for the treatment of gastritis, bronchitis.22 Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, Vol 8, Issue 1, Jan-Dec, 2017 19 Amit et al: A Review on Mesua ferrae linn Figure16 Mesua Ferrae Linn.(i) Tree; (ii) Fruit; (iii) Leaves; (iv) Flower and; (v) Seeds Antioxidant and hepato-protective activity treated with ACC II further there is no change in the weight of body. Methanolic extract from dried flowers are used female wistar mice have WBC count increases. Whereas no change in hemoglobin was seen in been used in experiment for antioxidant and hepato-protective activity. normal or drug treated animals. There is also no change in lymphocyte- Drinking water is used for the performing of the artificial infection of S. neutrophill ratio. Bone marrow get improved along with this improve- 30 aureus. After this sampling was done once in a day and after one week. ment is seen in α-esterase cells too, thymus weight increases. Although 31 32 There was increase in liver SOD (Super oxide dismutase) and AST (Ala- ACII effect is seen in normal and cyclophosphamide treated animals. nine aminotransferase) in treated groups and reduction in seen in cata- By using various specific and non specific immune response in animals lase, Glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidise activity.23 Flower for seeing Immuno modulatory activity of M.ferrae seed oil was studied by isolating mesuol from M.ferrae seed. It is observed that in humoral ethanolic extract showed inhibitory activity against nitric oxide assay.24 response model. Mesuol cause increase in dose dependent in antibody Its leaf extract showed inhibition to lipid peroxidation.25 (9th and 6th day) as well as induced. Immuno suppression which is seen Analgesic activity in sheep RBC (7th and 14th day) of experiment. Where as in cellular im- mune response model, an increase in Paw volume was observed 23rd day Extracts of M. ferrae leaves like n-Hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol. in rat treated with SRBC (Sheep RBC). Further mesuol help in restoring Showed significant analgesic activity to acetic acid writhing response hematological property in cyclophosphamide induced myelosuppresion in mouse. Lower dose response is 10-21% and higher dose response is model. So after discussing all this the report indicate clearly the modula- 17.06%.26 tory activity of mesuol.33 Anti Spasmodic activity Anti-neoplastic activity M. ferrae extract like petroleum of seed. Oil possesses anti spasmodic In vitro cell lines crude ethanolic extract M. ferrae was observed to be activity. In vitro on isolated rat ileum acetylcholine and carbachol caused prove good against human cholangio carcinoma (CL-6) human larynge- contraction up to 2.61-3.20cm. Response of acetylcholine in presence of al (HEP-2) and human hepatocarcinoma (HepG2). The extract showed 27 atropine was measured to be reduced to 55%. excellent property against CL-6 with survival of less than 50%.34 Its Methanolic extract was used against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma mice also Anti Venom activity seen tumor growth inhibition.35 When treated with scorpion venom aqueous extract of M. ferrae leaves was seemed to have anti venom property as its show activity against fi- Effect on CNS System 28 broblast cell lysis. Xanthones which were isolated from M. ferrae were evaluated for its ef- Cancer Chemotherapy M. ferrae was observed for its significant role in fect on behavior in mice. Gross behavior changes were seen at 15, 30, reduction of chemotherapy toxicity in women with breast cancer. There 60 and 120 min with a dose of 10, 25, 50, 100 and 500mg/kg. M. ferrae is significant reduce in toxic level in chemotherapy cycles. It is evaluated shows various sign and symptom of CNS depression with significant ac- in maharisi amrit kalash-4 (MAK-4) containing M.
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