DOCSLIB.ORG

Early River Valley Civilizations, 3500 B.C.–450 B.C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Early River Valley Civilizations, 3500 B.C.–450 B.C CHAPTER 2 • OBJECTIVE Early River Valley Analyze the process by which early peoples organized their societies Civilizations, 3500 B.C.–450 B.C. and built advanced civilizations. Previewing Main Ideas Previewing Main Ideas Remind students that they will be learn- INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENT The earliest civilizations formed on fertile river plains. These lands faced challenges, such as seasonal flooding ing about very early societies. These peo- and a limited growing area. ple had few models upon which to build Geography What rivers helped sustain the four river valley civilizations? their civilizations. Their response to their environment, to organizing their social POWER AND AUTHORITY Projects such as irrigation systems required leadership and laws—the beginnings of organized government. In some system, and to finding technological solu- societies, priests controlled the first governments. In others, military leaders tions to everyday problems formed a and kings ruled. foundation for most of the societies that Geography Look at the time line and the map. In which empire and river followed them. valley area was the first code of laws developed? Accessing Prior Knowledge SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Early civilizations developed bronze tools, the wheel, the sail, the plow, writing, and mathematics. These innovations spread Ask students what they know about large through trade, wars, and the movement of peoples. rivers and the lands that border them. Do Geography Which river valley civilization was the most isolated? What factors contributed to that isolation? many people live by these rivers? Why? How would their lives be different if they did not have the rivers? Guide a discus- sion of how people’s lives might have INTERNET RESOURCES been even more closely tied to rivers in • Interactive Maps Go to classzone.com for: Interactive Visuals Research Links Maps the past. • • • • Interactive Primary Sources • Internet Activities • Test Practice • Primary Sources • Current Events Geography Answers • Chapter Quiz INTERACTION WITH ENVIRONMENT The Tigris, Euphrates, Nile, Indus, Huang He, and Chang Jiang helped sustain the river valley civilizations. POWER AND AUTHORITY The first code of laws was developed by the Babylonian Empire in Mesopotamia. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY China was the most isolated civilization. It was sepa- rated from others by the Himalayas, deserts, and ocean. 26 TIME LINE DISCUSSION Discuss the concepts of B.C. (before Christ) and 2. What famous code of laws was developed in 4. Point out that the period shown on this time A.D. (anno Domini; in the year of the Lord). Anno 1792 B.C.? (Hammurabi’s code of laws) line covers about 3,000 years, yet only five Domini marks the beginning of the Christian era 3. The earliest event shown on the time line events are shown. Ask students why they in Western Civilization. occurred how many years before the present? think the time line is limited to these few 1. How many years passed between the devel- (The city-states of Mesopotamia developed events. (Possible Answer: Although many opment of the first city-states and the forma- about 5,000 years before the present.) events occurred during this time, most are not tion of China’s Zhou Dynasty? (About 2000 of enough significance to list along with the years passed.) founding of empires.) 26 Chapter 2 CHAPTER 2 History from Visuals Interpreting the Map Have students look at the region where each civilization is located. Do they observe any similarities among these regions? Then ask students to describe the locations of cities within each region. Have students speculate about why all the cities are located near rivers. (Possible Answers: Similarities—near a large body of water, rivers run through them. Location—cities are located by rivers; rivers provide fresh water and transportation.) Extension Ask students to use the atlas in the front of their books to identify the modern nations that now occupy the places where the four River Valley civilizations developed. (The Nile River Valley is now part of Egypt. The area of the Tigris and Euphrates civilization is now mainly in Iraq, with parts in Kuwait, Turkey, Syria, and Iran. The area of the Indus Valley civilization is now in Pakistan and India. The Huang He and Chang Jiang civilizations are now entirely within China.) 27 RECOMMENDED RESOURCES Books for the Teacher Books for the Student Videos and Software Cotterell, Arthur, ed. The Penguin Encyclopedia Time-Life Book Editors. What Life Was Like On The Birth of Civilization: 6000 B.C.–2000 B.C. of Ancient Civilizations. New York: Viking, 1989. the Banks of the Nile. Alexandria, Virginia: Social Studies School Service, 1985. Roaf, Michael. Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia Time-Life, 1997. This book describes daily life in 800-421-4246. and the Ancient Near East. New York: Facts On ancient Egypt from 3050 B.C. to 30 B.C. Cradles of Civilization. CD-ROM. Society for File, 1990. Lerner Geography Department. Street Smart!: Visual Education, 1995. 800-624-1678. Cities in Ancient Times. Minneapolis: Lerner, Nile: River of Gods. VHS and DVD. Films for the 1994. Humanities & Sciences, 1994. 800-257-5126. Teacher’s Edition 27 CHAPTER 2 • INTERACT Why do communities need laws? Interact with History The harvest has failed and, like many others, you have little to eat. There are animals in the temple, but they are protected by law. Your cousin Objectives decides to steal one of the pigs to feed his family. You believe that laws • Help students understand daily life in should not be broken and try to persuade him not to steal the pig. But he ancient times. steals the pig and is caught. • Help students make connections with The law of the Babylonian Empire—Hammurabi’s Code—holds people responsible for their actions. Someone who steals from the temple must people and events in history. repay 30 times the cost of the stolen item. Because your cousin is unable to pay this fine, he is sentenced to death. You begin to wonder whether there EXAMINING the ISSUES are times when laws should be broken. Possible Answers 1 The Babylonian ruler 2 A scribe records the • Laws should promote good behavior Hammurabi, proceedings against Mummar. accompanied by his because the main purpose of laws is to 3 Mummar pleads for mercy. EXAMINING the ISSUES judges, sentences help people live together. Laws should Mummar to death. punish bad behavior because people will only learn to live peacefully together if they know they will be punished for doing something wrong. • yes, because by stating people’s responsibilities and duties, laws help define people’s roles in a society Discussion Have students consider what their school environment would be like if there were no rules. Would they like coming to school under those conditions? Would a lack of rules help or hinder them in getting an education? EXAMINING the ISSUES • What should be the main purpose of laws: to promote good behavior or to punish bad behavior? • Do all communities need a system of laws to guide them? Hold a class debate on these questions. As you prepare for the debate, think about what you have leaned about the changes that take place as civilizations grow and become more complex. As you read about the growth of civilization in this chapter, consider why societies developed systems of laws. 28 Chapter 2 WHY STUDY EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATIONS? • Today, as in the time of the early river valley • People still debate the purpose of law, whether civilizations, rivers flood and drought damages it is to punish the lawbreaker or to encourage crops. People must continue to adapt to the lawful behavior. environment and the natural cycles. • Religion played a key role in the political power • Nations continue to develop trade with other of the early river valley civilizations. People today nations while seeking ways to protect them- continue to discuss the role that religion should selves from invasion and takeovers by other, play in our government and political system. more powerful countries. 28 Chapter 2 LESSON PLAN 1 Camel rider at Giza Pyramids Chinese Han Dynasty tile painting OBJECTIVES in Egypt • Summarize how geography affected City-States in Mesopotamia culture in the Fertile Crescent. • Describe city-states and how other cultures learned about them. MAIN IDEA WHY IT MATTERS NOW TERMS & NAMES • Describe Sumerian religious beliefs, social structure, and technology. INTERACTION WITH The development of this • Fertile • cultural ENVIRONMENT The earliest civilization reflects a settlement Crescent diffusion • Explain the influence of Sumer on civilization in Asia arose in pattern that has occurred • Mesopotamia • polytheism later civilizations. Mesopotamia and organized repeatedly throughout history. • city-state • empire into city-states. • dynasty • Hammurabi FOCUS & MOTIVATE SETTING THE STAGE Two rivers flow from the mountains of what is now Turkey, down through Syria and Iraq, and finally to the Persian Gulf. Over six The people of Mesopotamia faced thousand years ago, the waters of these rivers provided the lifeblood that allowed unpredictable flooding and drought. the formation of farming settlements. These grew into villages and then cities. Ask how the unpredictability of the weather affects students’ lives. Geography of the Fertile Crescent TAKING NOTES (Possible Answers: changes in outdoor A desert climate dominates the landscape between the Persian Gulf and the Identifying Problems plans; difficulty getting to and from and Solutions Use a Mediterranean Sea in Southwest Asia. Yet within this dry region lies an arc of chart to identify Sumer's school or other activities) land that provided some of the best farming in Southwest Asia. The region’s environmental problems curved shape and the richness of its land led scholars to call it the Fertile and their solutions. Crescent. It includes the lands facing the Mediterranean Sea and a plain that INSTRUCT Problems Solutions became known as Mesopotamia (MEHS•uh•puh•TAY•mee•uh).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • In Ancient Egypt
    THE ROLE OF THE CHANTRESS ($MW IN ANCIENT EGYPT SUZANNE LYNN ONSTINE A thesis submined in confonnity with the requirements for the degm of Ph.D. Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civiliations University of Toronto %) Copyright by Suzanne Lynn Onstine (200 1) . ~bsPdhorbasgmadr~ exclusive liceacc aiiowhg the ' Nationai hiof hada to reproduce, loan, distnia sdl copies of this thesis in miaof#m, pspa or elccmnic f-. L'atm criucrve la propri&C du droit d'autear qui protcge cette thtse. Ni la thèse Y des extraits substrrntiets deceMne&iveatetreimprimCs ouraitnmcrtrepoduitssanssoai aut&ntiom The Role of the Chmaes (fm~in Ancient Emt A doctorai dissertacion by Suzanne Lynn On*, submitted to the Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations, University of Toronto, 200 1. The specitic nanire of the tiUe Wytor "cimûes", which occurrPd fcom the Middle Kingdom onwatd is imsiigated thrwgh the use of a dalabase cataloging 861 woinen whheld the title. Sorting the &ta based on a variety of delails has yielded pattern regatding their cbnological and demographical distribution. The changes in rhe social status and numbers of wbmen wbo bore the Weindicale that the Egyptians perceivecl the role and ams of the titk âiffefcntiy thugh tirne. Infomiation an the tities of ihe chantressw' family memkrs bas ailowed the author to make iderences cawming llse social status of the mmen who heu the title "chanms". MiMid Kingdom tifle-holders wverc of modest backgrounds and were quite rare. Eighteenth DMasty women were of the highest ranking families. The number of wamen who held the titk was also comparatively smaii, Nimeenth Dynasty women came [rom more modesi backgrounds and were more nwnennis.
    [Show full text]
  • Dayton Valley Development Guidelines Final Draft
    FINAL DRAFT Dayton Valley Development Guidelines Supplement to the Dayton Valley Area Drainage Master Plan prepared for August Lyon County | Storey County | 2019 Carson Water Subconservancy District i FINAL DRAFT Table of Contents 1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background and Rationale ............................................................................................................ 3 1.1.1 More Frequent Flooding ....................................................................................................... 3 1.1.2 Larger Flood Peaks ................................................................................................................ 3 1.1.3 Scour and Erosion ................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.4 Flow Diversion ....................................................................................................................... 3 1.1.5 Flow Concentration ............................................................................................................... 3 1.1.6 Expanded Floodplains ........................................................................................................... 3 1.1.7 Reduced Surface Storage ...................................................................................................... 3 1.1.8 Decreased Ground Water Recharge ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • COMMUNALISM in EGYPTIAN POLITICS: the Experience of the Copts,1918-1952
    COMMUNALISM In EGYPTIAN POLITICS: The Experience of the Copts,1918-1952 BY Barbara Lynn Carter Thesis submitted in completion of requirements for the P hD degree in P o l it ic s, School of Oriental and African St u d ie s, University of London December 1382 ProQuest Number: 10672743 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10672743 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT This thesis explores a particular experiment in political accommodation between the Muslim majority and Coptic minority in Egypt between 1918 and 1952. The Egyptians then seized the opportunity presented by a changing political system to restructure the governing arrangements between Muslims and Copts and involve the latter more fully in the political process. Many hoped to see the collaboration of the 1919 revolution spur the creation of both a new collective Egyptian identity and a state without religious bias. Traditional ways of governing, however, were not so easily cast aside, and Islam continued to have a political role.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Susquehanna River Basin Flood Damage Reduction Study
    Final Fish and Wildlife Coordination Act Report Upper Susquehanna Comprehensive Flood Damage Reduction Study Prepared For: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Prepared By: Department of the Interior U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service New York Field Office Cortland, New York Preparers: Anne Secord & Andy Lowell New York Field Office Supervisor: David Stilwell February 2019 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Flooding in the Upper Susquehanna watershed of New York State frequently causes damage to infrastructure that has been built within flood-prone areas. This report identifies a suite of watershed activities, such as urban development, wetland elimination, stream alterations, and certain agricultural practices that have contributed to flooding of developed areas. Structural flood control measures, such as dams, levees, and floodwalls have been constructed, but are insufficient to address all floodwater-human conflicts. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) is evaluating a number of new structural and non-structural measures to reduce flood damages in the watershed. The New York State Department of Environmental Conservation (NYSDEC) is the “local sponsor” for this study and provides half of the study funding. New structural flood control measures that USACE is evaluating for the watershed largely consist of new levees/floodwalls, rebuilding levees/floodwalls, snagging and clearing of woody material from rivers and removing riverine shoals. Non-structural measures being evaluated include elevating structures, acquisition of structures and property, relocating at-risk structures, developing land use plans and flood proofing. Some of the proposed structural measures, if implemented as proposed, have the potential to adversely impact riparian habitat, wetlands, and riverine aquatic habitat. In addition to the alternatives currently being considered by the USACE, the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Stop Log Flood Barriers
    PRODUCT STOP LOG FLOOD BARRIERS Flood Control International Incorporated offers removable stop log barriers that are engineered to provide similar levels of protection to permanent flood defenses, but with the distinct advantage of being fully removable when not required. They comprise aluminum panels that are inserted into steel channels. Custom made clamps compress specialist gaskets to create a reliable barrier against flood water. These stop log barriers can be supplied for virtually any configuration including arcs, closed rectangles or circles and straight runs of any length. The system can be used on slopes up to 20° and can be stepped for steeper gradients. USES Each system is load calculated based on application and the prevailing flood • Single building openings. conditions and can be configured for flood depths up to 13 feet. A four-sided • Openings in flood walls. detail is available for openings that may become fully submerged. • Stainless / aluminum system for marine environments. To facilitate installation in new builds, we can supply preformed ground plates • Fully removable perimeter defense to with integral anchors for the demountable supports. The systems can be buildings. also retrospectively fitted to suitable existing foundations in which case load • A ‘usually stored’ system for erection certified, chemically fixed sleeve anchors are used to attach the demountable when flood warnings received. supports. This leaves only stainless steel bolt blanks at each post BENEFITS location. Due to the strength of our beams, this can • Low cost system. be at 10 feet spacing. • Lightweight - sections allow safe lifting of 10ft beams by one person for rapid Purpose designed gaskets that resist silt clogging and reform even after deployment.
    [Show full text]
  • Umbrella Empr: Flood Control and Drainage
    I. COVERSHEET FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MITIGATION PLAN & REPORT (UMBRELLA EMPR: FLOOD CONTROL AND DRAINAGE) USAID MISSION SO # and Title: __________________________________ Title of IP Activity: __________________________________________________ IP Name: __ __________________________________________________ Funding Period: FY______ - FY______ Resource Levels (US$): ______________________ Report Prepared by: Name:__________________________ Date: ____________ Date of Previous EMPR: _________________ (if any) Status of Fulfilling Mitigation Measures and Monitoring: _____ Initial EMPR describing mitigation plan is attached (Yes or No). _____ Annual EMPR describing status of mitigation measures is established and attached (Yes or No). _____ Certain mitigation conditions could not be satisfied and remedial action has been provided within the EMPR (Yes or No). USAID Mission Clearance of EMPR: Contracting Officer’s Technical Representative:__________ Date: ______________ Mission Environmental Officer: _______________________ Date: ______________ ( ) Regional Environmental Advisor: _______________________ Date: ______________ ( ) List of CHF Haiti projects covered in this UEMPR (Flood Control and Drainage) 1 2 1. Background, Rationale and Outputs/Results Expected: According to Richard Haggerty’s country study on Haiti from 1989, in 1925, 60% of Haiti’s original forests covered the country. Since then, the population has cut down all but an estimated 2% of its original forest cover. The fact that many of Haiti’s hillsides have been deforested has caused several flooding problems for cities and other communities located in critical watershed and flood-plain areas during recent hurricane seasons. The 2008 hurricane season was particularly devastating for Haiti, where over 800 people were killed by four consecutive tropical storms or hurricanes (Fay, Gustav, Hanna, and Ike) which also destroyed infrastructure and caused severe crop losses. In 2004, tropical storm Jeanne killed an estimated 3,000 people, most in Gonaives.
    [Show full text]
  • Use Water to Fight Water
    Use Water to Fight Water QUALITY IS REMEMBERED LONG AFTER PRICE IS FORGOTTEN... www.internationalfloodcontrol.com | www.usfloodcontrol.com THE TIGER DAMTM SYSTEM Due to an ever increasing demand for an innovative alternative to sandbags, U.S. Flood Control Corp. developed a simple rapid deployment system designed to act as a temporary emergency diversion dam suitable for use in a wide variety of situations. The Tiger Dam™ is the only engineered flood control solution on the market. The Tiger Dam™ is the ONLY system that is patented to join together to form a dam of any length and is the ONLY system that is stackable, from 19” to 32’ in height. The Tiger Dam™ can be filled in minutes, with minimal man power and no heavy equipment. The Tiger Dam™ System is a UV rated re-usable system that leaves NO environmental foot print behind. The Tiger Dam™ is used to create temporary dykes, protect critical infrastructure, divert river flow, keep roads open and protect essential utilities…..among a host of other applications. The rapid deployment system is both labor and energy efficient You will find, as have other Emergency Managers that the as well as environmentally friendly when compared Tiger Dam™ of any size will be a valuable tool to your teams to sandbags. flood fighting efforts and as part of your long term mitigation planning. In all Government and independent engineering Thanks to applying the principle “water against water”, it is no tests, when anchored with our patented anchoring system, the longer necessary to build sandbag dams. The Tiger Dam™ can Tiger Dam™ proved to be the most stable product in the flood be a great help for all rescue units as they may be deployed control business.
    [Show full text]
  • River Island Park to Manville Dam – Beginner Tour, Rhode Island
    BLACKSTONE RIVER & CANAL GUIDE River Island Park to Manville Dam – Beginner Tour, Rhode Island [Map: USGS Pawtucket] Level . Beginner Start . River Island Park, Woonsocket, RI R iv End . Manville Dam, Cumberland, RI e r River Miles . 4.2 one way S t r Social St Time . 1-2 hours e reet e Ro t ute Description. Flatwater, Class I-II rapids 104 Commission Scenery. Urban, Forested Offices Thundermist Portages . None treet Dam in S !CAUTION! BVTC Tour Ma Rapids R o Boat Dock u A trip past historic mills and wooded banks. C t o e ur 1 Market t S 2 This is probably the most challenging of our beginner tours. t 6 Square 0 miles R ou This segment travels through the heart of downtown Woonsocket in the B te Woonsocket e 1 r 2 first half, and then through forested city-owned land in the western part of n 2 High School River Island o River n the city. After putting in at River Island Park, go under the Bernon Street Park S Access t Bridge and you enter a section of the river lined with historic mills on both Ha mlet Ave sides. On the right just after the bridge is the Bernon Mills complex. The oldest building in the complex, the 1827 stone mill in the center, is the earliest known example of slow-burning mill construction in America that used noncombustible walls, heavy timber posts and beams and double plank floors to resist burning if it caught fire. d a Starting before the Court Street truss bridge (1895) is a stretch of about o r l WOONSOCKET i 1000 feet of Class I and II rapids, with plenty of rocks that require skillful a R 6 maneuvering.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 4 Hydrology, Water Quality, and Flood Control
    Chapter 4 Hydrology, Water Quality, and Flood Control Chapter 4 Hydrology, Water Quality, and Flood Control This chapter discusses the effects the MIAD Modification Project alternatives may have on hydrology, water quality, and flood control. Impacts associated with groundwater are addressed in Chapter 5, Groundwater. Impacts associated with wetlands are addressed in Chapter 7, Biological Resources. 4.1 Affected Environment/Environmental Setting Existing hydrologic conditions and water resources potentially affected by the alternatives are identified in this section, along with regulatory settings and regional information pertaining to hydrologic resources in the area of analysis. 4.1.1 Area of Analysis The area of analysis for this section includes MIAD site and the Mississippi Bar mitigation site. Lake Natoma is the receiving body of water in regards to water quality impacts generated at both sites 4.1.1.1 Mormon Island Auxiliary Dam The MIAD area of analysis includes the MIAD facility, the adjacent Mormon Island Wetland Preserve area, and Humbug Creek as it will receive discharged groundwater generated by dewatering activities. 4.1.1.2 Mississippi Bar The Mississippi Bar mitigation site includes 80 acres of land on the western shore of Lake Natoma, near the intersection of Sunset Avenue and Main Avenue and south of the community of Orangevale. All proposed mitigation would occur on land parcels currently owned by DPR and Reclamation and managed by DPR as part of the FLSRA. Surface water at this site includes Lake Natoma and various lagoons along the Lake Natoma shoreline. 4.1.2 Regulatory Setting 4.1.2.1 Federal The CWA establishes the basic structure for regulating discharges of pollutants into the waters of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Flood Control Channels Made with Shotcrete
    Flood Control Channels Made with Shotcrete By Raúl Bracamontes looding is a temporary overflow of water onto land FLOOD CONTROL CHANNELS that is normally dry. Floods are the most common Flood control structures such as arch culverts and concrete- F natural disaster in the United States. This year, we lined channels are built to control the flow of water from have seen severe flooding in the Midwest that has cost flooding events to prevent or minimize damage to struc- countless millions of dollars in damage to property or tures and infrastructure. Flood control channels are large, restriction of use of our waterways. Floods may: open-topped canals that direct the excessive water flow • Result from rain, snow, coastal storms, storm surges, during flood conditions. They commonly are empty or and overflows of dams and other water systems; have a minimal flow of water in normal service. In large • Develop slowly or quickly and can occur with no warning; metropolitan areas, we have seen underground tunnels or • Cause outages, disrupt transportation, damage buildings, conduits to collect the excess water and eventually drain and create landslides; and into a stormwater containment structure, river, or other • In the worst case, kill people. body of water. There is a distinct trend away from letting stormwater just run into our oceans, rivers, or wetlands as it is often loaded with contaminants that reduce water quality. These structures are usually built with reinforced concrete. They may also contain grade-control sills or weirs to prevent erosion and maintain a level water level in the streambed. BENEFITS OF SHOTCRETE Shotcrete is becoming more popular among contractors and builders as it is extremely economical and flexible.
    [Show full text]
  • Illuminating the Path of Darkness
    ILLUMINATING THE PATH OF DARKNESS: Social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt This thesis is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Meghan E. Strong Girton College University of Cambridge January 2018 Illuminating the path of darkness: social and sacred power of artificial light in Pharaonic Period Egypt Meghan E. Strong ABSTRACT Light is seldom addressed in archaeological research, despite the fact that, at least in ancient Egypt, it would have impacted upon all aspects of life. When discussing light in Egyptology, the vast majority of scholarly attention is placed on the sun, the primary source of illumination. In comparison, artificial light receives very little attention, primarily due to a lack of archaeological evidence for lighting equipment prior to the 7th century BC. However, 19th and 20th century lychnological studies have exaggerated this point by placing an overwhelming emphasis on decorated lamps from the Greco-Roman Period. In an attempt to move beyond these antiquarian roots, recent scholarship has turned towards examining the role that light, both natural and artificial, played in aspects of ancient societies’ architecture, ideology and religion. The extensive body of archaeological, textual and iconographic evidence that remains from ancient Egypt is well suited to this type of study and forms three core data sets in this thesis. Combining a materials- based examination of artificial light with a contextualized, theoretical analysis contributes to a richer understanding of ancient Egyptian culture from the 3rd to 1st millennium BC. The first three chapters of this study establish a typology of known artificial lighting equipment, as well as a lexicon of lighting terminology.
    [Show full text]
  • Bulletin Archéologique Des Écoles Françaises À L'étranger , Égypte
    Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l’étranger Égypte | 2020 Deir el-Médina Cédric Larcher, Anne-Claire Salmas, Alexandra Winkels, Wibke Keeding, Mohamed Youssef Sedek, Christoph Herm, Marine Yoyotte, Christina Verbeek, Stefan Lochner, Dominique Lefevre, Manon Lefevre, Isabelle Vranckx, Bianca Madden, Hassan el-Amir, Julian Posch, Huzaifa Magdy Ahmed Mohamed, Gersande Eschenbrenner-Diemer, Anna Giulia de Marco, Lisa Sartini, Anne Austin, Mélie Louys, Rosalie David, Keith White, Claire Newton, Elena Panaite, Elizabeth Bettles, Ben J. J. Haring et Christian Dupuis Édition électronique URL : http://journals.openedition.org/baefe/996 DOI : 10.4000/baefe.996 ISSN : 2732-687X Éditeur ResEFE Référence électronique Cédric Larcher, Anne-Claire Salmas, Alexandra Winkels, Wibke Keeding, Mohamed Youssef Sedek, Christoph Herm, Marine Yoyotte, Christina Verbeek, Stefan Lochner, Dominique Lefevre, Manon Lefevre, Isabelle Vranckx, Bianca Madden, Hassan el-Amir, Julian Posch, Huzaifa Magdy Ahmed Mohamed, Gersande Eschenbrenner-Diemer, Anna Giulia de Marco, Lisa Sartini, Anne Austin, Mélie Louys, Rosalie David, Keith White, Claire Newton, Elena Panaite, Elizabeth Bettles, Ben J. J. Haring et Christian Dupuis, « Deir el-Médina » [notice archéologique], Bulletin archéologique des Écoles françaises à l’étranger [En ligne], Égypte, mis en ligne le 01 novembre 2020, consulté le 11 décembre 2020. URL : http://journals.openedition.org/baefe/996 ; DOI : https://doi.org/10.4000/ baefe.996 Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 11 décembre 2020.
    [Show full text]