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Etude D'impact Social Et Environnemental E2011 Évaluation environnementale stratégique (EES) du PNFoCo - AGRECO V.1 ETUDE D’IMPACT SOCIAL ET ENVIRONNEMENTAL (EISE) DU FONDS COMMUN MULTI BAILLEURS (FC) ET DU DON DE L’IDA DANS LE CADRE DU PROGRAMME NATIONAL FORETS ET Public Disclosure Authorized CONSERVATION DE LA NATURE (PNFOCO) Public Disclosure Authorized EVALUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE STRATEGIQUE (EES) Public Disclosure Authorized Version finale Septembre 2008 Public Disclosure Authorized Évaluation environnementale stratégique (EES) du PNFoCo - AGRECO TABLE DES MATIERES RESUME EXECUTIF – EVALUATION ENVIRONNEMENTALE STRATEGIQUE (EES)................................7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY – STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT (SEA).....................................8 1 PREAMBULE......................................................................................................................................9 1.1 COMMENTAIRES PRELIMINAIRES SUR LE DOCUMENT DE PRESENTATION DU PNFOCO.........................9 1.2 LES QUESTIONS EN SUSPENS.........................................................................................................9 1.3 LES MODIFICATIONS PROPOSEES A LA STRUCTURE DU PROGRAMME ...............................................10 2 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................... 11 3 DESCRIPTION DE L’EQUIPE DE REALISATION.............................................................................. 13 4 DESCRIPTION DE LA METHODOLOGIE REALISEE........................................................................ 19 5 DESCRIPTION MILIEU PHYSIQUE................................................................................................... 22 5.1 DESCRIPTION GENERALE.............................................................................................................22 5.2 GEOLOGIE .................................................................................................................................23 5.3 PEDOLOGIE................................................................................................................................23 5.4 RELIEF ......................................................................................................................................24 5.5 CLIMATOLOGIE ...........................................................................................................................24 6. ÉTAT DU MILIEU NATUREL FORESTIER ........................................................................................ 26 6.1 SURFACES FORESTIERES CONCERNEES PAR L’EXPLOITATION.........................................................28 6.2 FORET TROPICALE ET FLUX DE CARBONE ......................................................................................28 6.2.1 État de la biodiversité ............................................................................................................ 28 6.2.2 Connaissances générales...................................................................................................... 29 6.2.3 Biodiversité végétale ............................................................................................................. 29 6.2.4 Biodiversité animale .............................................................................................................. 29 6.2.5 État de l’exploitation forestière ............................................................................................... 31 6.2.6 État de la conservation .......................................................................................................... 33 6.3 LES PRINCIPALES MENACES SUR LA BIODIVERSITE .........................................................................34 6.3.1 Généralités ........................................................................................................................... 34 6.3.2 Dans les zones d’exploitation forestière industrielle en activité................................................ 34 6.3.3 Dans les zones d’exploitation forestière industrielle dont les activités sont arrêtées ................. 37 6.3.4 Dans les concessions forestières où l’activité n’a pas commencé............................................ 37 6.3.5 Dans les zones d’exploitation forestière artisanale.................................................................. 38 6.3.6 Au niveau des aires protégées............................................................................................... 39 6.3.7 Dans les zones d’accès libre aux ressources ......................................................................... 40 7 DIAGNOSTIC SOCIAL...................................................................................................................... 42 7.1 ÉTAT DE LA SITUATION SOCIOECONOMIQUE DANS LA ZONE PILOTE DU PNFOCO ..............................42 7.1.1 Peuplement........................................................................................................................... 42 7.1.2 L’agriculture et ses besoins en terres forestières .................................................................... 43 7.1.3 Population et densités humaines ........................................................................................... 44 7.1.4 Populations urbaines, consommation des produits de la forêt et sécurité alimentaire ............... 45 7.1.5 Flux migratoires .................................................................................................................... 47 7.1.6 Flux migratoires et accès aux ressources naturelles : ............................................................. 48 7.2 LES INFRASTRUCTURES DE TRANSPORT .......................................................................................49 7.3 CONDITIONS DE VIE ET ACCES AUX SERVICES................................................................................51 7.4 LES REVENUS MONETAIRES ........................................................................................................52 7.5 LES PEUPLES AUTOCHTONES FORESTIERS....................................................................................53 7.5.1 Notions d’autochtonie en RDC............................................................................................... 53 7.5.2 Localisation........................................................................................................................... 56 7.5.3 Relations interethniques ........................................................................................................ 57 7.5.4 Relations avec les différents modes de gestion forestières ..................................................... 58 8 PRESSIONS EXTERIEURES ET PERSPECTIVES............................................................................ 62 9 CADRE DE POLITIQUE DU SECTEUR............................................................................................. 66 9.1 LES CONVENTIONS INTERNATIONALES ..........................................................................................66 - 2 - Évaluation environnementale stratégique (EES) du PNFoCo - AGRECO 9.1.1 Le secteur forestier congolais et les conventions internationales environnementales y relatives ratifiées par la RD CONGO ................................................................................................... 67 9.1.2 Le secteur congolais de la conservation et les conventions internationales environnementales y relatives ratifiées par la RD CONGO...................................................................................... 68 9.1.3 Les conventions se rapportant à la fois au secteur forestier et à celui de la conservation ......... 70 9.2 LES CADRES DE POLITIQUES DE L’ETAT.........................................................................................73 9.2.1 Document de la Stratégie de Croissance et de Réduction de la Pauvreté (DSCRP)................. 73 9.2.2 La politique environnementale ............................................................................................... 73 9.2.3 La Politique d’aménagement du territoire ............................................................................... 73 9.2.4 La Politique de Décentralisation............................................................................................. 74 9.3 LE MINISTERE DE L’ENVIRONNEMENT ...........................................................................................74 10 CADRE LEGAL DU PNFOCO....................................................................................................... 75 10.1 LA CONSTITUTION ......................................................................................................................75 10.1.1 Les statuts des ressources naturelles, et notamment forestières............................................. 75 10.1.2 La place de la coutume dans le système juridique congolais................................................... 75 10.1.3 La problématique « pygmée » en RD CONGO ....................................................................... 76 10.2 LE CODE FORESTIER ...................................................................................................................77 10.2.1 L’économie générale de la réforme forestière introduite par le code forestier........................... 77 10.2.2 Les grands axes de la réforme forestière................................................................................ 78 10.2.3 Le processus d’élaboration des mesures d’application
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