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Alih Kode Dan Campur Kode Padalirik Lagu Dalam Album 一心向前 (Yixin Xiang Qian)

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Alih Kode Dan Campur Kode Padalirik Lagu Dalam Album 一心向前 (Yixin Xiang Qian) ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADALIRIK LAGU DALAM ALBUM 一心向前 (YIXIN XIANG QIAN) ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADALIRIK LAGU DALAM ALBUM 一心向前 (YIXIN XIANG QIAN) Ilham Suaryadi Jurusan Bahasa dan Sastra Mandarin, Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Surabaya [email protected] Pembimbing: Dr. Maria Mintowati, M.Pd Abstrak Penggunaan alih kode dan campur kode sudah menjadi hal yang sering terjadi di kehidupan sehari-hari. Hal ini dikarenakan adanya bilingualisme, multilingualisme, kemajuan budaya dan teknologi dalam kehidupan. Bahkan lagu- lagu yang diciptakan pada era sekarang ini juga tak luput dari penggunaan alih kode dan campur kode. Seperti halnya lagu dalam Album 一心向前 (yīxīn xiàng qián), lagu-lagu dalam album tersebut banyak ditemukan alih kode dan campur kode. Kata Kunci: Alih Kode, Campur Kode, Lagu Abstract The use of code switching and code mixing is becoming a habbit in everyday life. It happens because of the improvement in bilingualism, multilingualism, culture and technology. Even songs in this era also have code switching and code mixing on it. Just like the songs from 一心向前 (yīxīn xiàng qián) album, songs in that album have been found some code switching and code mixing. Keywords : Code Switching, Code Mixing, Song seseorang, karena saat ini bahasa memegang peranan PENDAHULUAN penting dalam pergaulan internasional dan segala aspek Bahasa adalah sistem simbol bunyi yang kehidupan. Orang dengan multibahasa cenderung lebih keluarkan oleh alat ucap manusia yang bersifat arbitrer mudah bergaul dan memiliki pergaulan yang lebih luas dan konvensional dan digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi. dengan lingkungan sekitar atau dunia internasional karena bahasa merupakan salah satu alat komunikasi yang paling mereka tidak terhalang dengan bahasa. Namun dalam dibutuhkan di dunia, karena melalui bahasa seseorang bisa penerapannya orang dengan multibahasa sering kali mengungkapkan maksud kepada lawan bicara agar lawan mengalami gejala-gejala bahasa. Gejala-gejala bahasa bicara tersebut dapat mengerti. Seperti halnya yang tersebut adalah alih kode dan campur kode. Apple (dalam dikatakan oleh Wibowo (2001:3), bahasa adalah sistem Chaer dan Agustina, 1995:141) mendefinisikan alih kode simbol bunyi yang bermakna serta berartikulasi yang sebagai gejala peralihan pemakaian bahasa karena mempunyai sifat arbitrer serta konvensional, yang dipakai berubahnya situasi. Secara sosial, perubahan pemakaian sebagai alat berkomunikasi oleh sekelompok manusia bahasa itu memang harus dilakukan, karena sangat tidak untuk melahirkan perasaan serta pikiran. Bahasa memiliki pantas dan tidak etis secara sosial untuk terus peran yang sangat penting dalam kehidupan bersosial, menggunakan bahasa yang tidak dimengerti oleh orang karena manusia sebagai makhluk sosial harus bisa ketiga. Hymes (dalam Chaer dan Agustina, 1995:142) berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi menggunakan bahasa mengemukakan bahwa alih kode bukan hanya terjadi yang tepat. Dengan bahasa, setiap orang menyampaikan antar bahasa, tetapi dapat juga terjadi antara ragam–ragam gagasan, perasaan, dan sebagainya kepada orang lain, atau gaya–gaya yang terdapat dalam suatu bahasa. karena pada hakikatnya bahasa ialah sesuatu yang Thelander (dalam Chaer dan Agustina, diujarkan. Dalam pengunaan bahasa, harus dibedakan cara 1995:152) menjelaskan perbedaan antara alih kode dan pemakaiannya dengan memperhatikan situasi, siapa lawan campur kode. Menurutnya, bila dalam suatu peristiwa bicaranya, dimana, dan kapan digunakan. tutur terjadi peralihan dari satu klausa suatu bahasa ke Pada era globalisasi seperti sekarang ini, klausa bahasa lain maka peristiwa yang terjadi adalah alih menguasai multibahasa atau dapat berbicara lebih dari kode. Akan tetapi, jika dalam suatu peristiwa tutur klausa– satu bahasa merupakan salah satu nilai tambah bagi klausa dan frase–frase yang digunakan terdiri dari klausa 1 ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADALIRIK LAGU DALAM ALBUM 一心向前 (YIXIN XIANG QIAN) dan frase campuran dan masing–masing klausa dan frase gejala peralihan pemakaian bahasa karena berubahnya itu tidak lagi mendukung fungsi masing–masing, peristiwa situasi. yang terjadi adalah campur kode. Dengan kata lain, jika Poedjosoedarmo (1976:15) menyatakan bahwa seseorang menggunakan suatu kata/frase dari suatu bentuk ahli kode ada dua yaitu alih kode permanen dan bahasa, orang tersebut telah melakukan campur kode. alih kode sementara. Untuk tipe Alih kode berdasarkan Akan tetapi, apabila seseorang menggunakan satu klausa sifatnya dibagi menjadi dua, menurut Suwito dalam jelas–jelas memiliki struktur suatu bahasa dan klausa itu Chaer (2004:150) yaitu alih kode intern dan alih kode disusun menurut struktur bahasa lain, maka yang terjadi ektern. adalah alih kode. Untuk menelusuri penyebab terjadinya alih kode itu, Alih kode dan campur kode tidak hanya terjadi maka harus dikembalikan kepada pokok persoalan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, namun alih kode dan sosiolinguistik seperti yang dikemukakan oleh Fishman campur kode juga sangat sering terjadi dalam sebuah (dalam Chaer, 2004: 108) , yaitu „siapa yang berbicara, karya sastra seperti lagu. Sangat sering terjadi di dalam dengan bahasa apa, kepada siapa, kapan dan dengan lirik lagu bahasa Mandarin tercampur dengan bahasa tujuan apa‟. Dalam berbagai kepustakaan linguistik, asing dan beralih ke dalam bahasa asing. Peristiwa alih secara umum penyebab alih kode disebabkan oleh kode dalam beberapa lirik lagu bahasa Mandarin. sebagai berikut: 1) Pembicara, 2) Lawan Bicara, 3) Latar belakang penulis meneliti lagu-lagu Kehadiran Orang Ketiga, 4) Perubahan Situasi Bicara, 5) SNH48 adalah, SNH48 merupakan idol group dari 48 Berubahnya Topik Pembicaraan. Family. 48 Family adalah sebuah agensi idol yang sangat Fungsi bahasa yang digunakan dalam suatu besar dan memiliki idol group hampir di setiap wilayah di peristiwa tutur didasarkan pada tujuan berkomunikasi. Jepang. Bahkan 48 Family juga memiliki idol group yang Fungsi bahasa merupakan ungkapan yang berhubungan bertempatkan di Indonesia. Lagu-lagu yang dibawakan dengan tujuan tertentu, seperti memerintah, menawarkan, oleh idol group di 48 Family hampir pada setiap lagu mengumumkan, memarahi, dan sebagainya. Pembicara tersebut memiliki 2 bahasa di dalamnya. Lagu-lagu yang menggunakan bahasa menurut fungsi yang dibawakan oleh JKT48 juga sangat unik lagu tersebut dikehendakinya sesuai dengan tujuan, konteks, dan merupakan pengartian dari lagu-lagu yang dibawakan situasi komunikasi. Alih kode pada umumnya dilakukan dalam bahasa Jepang oleh AKB48. Lalu lagu yang untuk tujuan-tujuan berikut：1) Mengakrabkan Suasana, dibawakan oleh SNH48 juga merupakan pengartian dari 2) Menghormati Lawan Bicara, 3) Meyakinkan Topik lagu yang dibawakan oleh AKB48 ke dalam bahasa Pembicaraan, 4) Untuk Membangkitkan Rasa Humor, 5) Mandarin. Untuk Sekadar Bergaya atau Bergengsi. Oleh karena itu, penulis tertarik untuk Campur kode adalah apabila di dalam suatu melakukan penelitian dengan judul ”Alih Kode dan peristiwa tutur, klausa maupun frasa yang digunakan Campur Kode pada Lirik Lagu dalam Album 一心向前 terdiri atas klausa dan frasa campuran (hybrid clauses, oleh SNH48”. hybrid phrases) dan masing-masing klausa atau frasa itu Berdasarkan uraian latar belakang, maka tidak lagi mendukung fungsi sendiri-sendiri. Sementara rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini ialah sebagai ada Fasold menjelaskan kalau seseorang menggunakan berikut. satu kata atau frasa satu bahasa dan memasukkan kata 1) Bagaimanakah bentuk alih kode dan campur tersebut dalam bahasa lain yang digunakannya dalam kode yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu bahasa berkomunikasi, maka orang tersebut telah melakukan Mandarin pada album 一心向前 oleh SNH48? campur kode dalam Chaer (2004: 115). Suwito 2) Bagaimanakah tipe alih kode dan campur kode mendefinisikan campur kode memiliki wujud yang yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu bahasa Mandarin ditentukan oleh wujud bahasa tercampur yaitu seberapa pada album 一心向前 oleh SNH48? besar unsur bahasa tercampur menyusup ke dalam bahasa 3) Bagaimanakah fungsi alih kode dan campur utama. Berdasarkan unsur-unsur kebahasaan yang terlibat kode pada lirik lagu bahasa Mandarin dalam di dalamnya, campur kode dapat dibedakan menjadi album 一心向前 oleh SNH48? beberapa macam antara lain ialah penyisipan unsur berwujud kata, frasa, baster, kata ulang, ungkapan atau idiom dan klausa dalam Wibowo (2006:23-24). Penyebab Alih kode adalah gejala kebahasaan yang muncul terjadinya cmpur kode menurut pendapat Hoffman dan sebagai akibat dari terjadinya kontak bahasa tersebut Troike dalam Apriana (2006: 38- 39) yang membagi yang terjadi terus menerus di dalam situasi masyarakat alasan seseorang dalam melakukan campur kode, yaitu bilingual atau multilingual. Appel (dalam Chaer dan sebagai berikut: 1) Membicarakan Mengenai Topik, 2) Agustina, 1995:141) mendefinisikan alih kode sebagai Meniru Pembicaraan Orang Lain, 3) Mempertegas 2 ALIH KODE DAN CAMPUR KODE PADALIRIK LAGU DALAM ALBUM 一心向前 (YIXIN XIANG QIAN) Sesuatu, 4) Pengisi an Penyambung Kalimat, 5) b. Sementara 35 data Perulangan untuk Mengklarifikasi, 6) Bermaksud untuk Mengklarifikasi Isi Pembicaraan kepada Lawan Bicara， 2 Campur Kode 17 data 7 ） Menunjukkan Identitas Suatu Kelompok ， 8) Memperhalus dan Mempertegas Permintaan atau a. Berwujud Kata 11 data Perintah, 9) Kebutuhan Leksikal, 10) Keefisiensian Suatu Pembicaraan. Fungsi Campur Kode menurut 6 data b. Berwujud Frasa Taufiqrianto, Jurnal Ung, No.5, Desember (2012:12) yakni 1) Fungsi Menanyakan Sesuatu, 2) Fungsi c. Berwujud Baster - Menegaskan Pembicaraan, 3) Fungsi Mengungkapkan Perasaan, 4) Fungsi
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