NEW OBSERVATIONS ON BARNACLES (CRUSTACEA: CIRRIPEDIA) OF TI-IE AZORES REGION ALAN J. SOUTHWARD SOUTHWARD,A. J. 1998. New observations on barnacles (Crustacea: Cirripedia) of the Azores region. Arquipdago. Life and Marine Sciences 16A: 11-27 Ponta Delgada. ISSN 0873-4704. Additions and revisions are made to the list of Cimpedia recorded from the Azores, including samples taken near hydrothermal vents and in the intertidal zone. Observations are reported on the distribution and breeding of Tesseropora atlantica, a relict oceanic species, not found on the continents, that incubates its larvae to the short-lived cypris stage. The degree of endemicity of Azorean barnacles is currently being revised, but most species . reported from the Azores are widely distributed in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. The diversity of the shallow water group is low. SOUTHWARD,A. J. 1998. Novas observaq6es sobre as cracas (Crustacea: Cirripedia) na regiHo dos Asores. Arquipklago. CiEncias Biol6gicas e Marinhas. 16A: 11-27. Ponta Delgada. ISSN 0873-4704. Slo feitas actualizaq6es adiq6es e revis6es ii lista de cim'pedes (Cirripedia) registados para os Aqores, incluindo amostras obtidas em fontes hidrotermais e na zona intertidal. Slo descritas observag6es na distribuiqlo e reproduglo da espCcie Tesseropora atlantica, uma espCcie oceanica reliquia, nbdescrita nos continentes, que incuba as larvas at6 2i breve fase larvar de cypris. 0 grau de endemicidade das cracas dos Agores estl a ser actualmente registada, mas a maioria das esp6cies identificadas nos &ores estlo amplamente distribuidas no Atlbtico e Mediterrbeo. A diversidade das espCcies costeiras 6 reduzida. A. J. Southward, Marine Biological Association, The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PLIZPB, England. U.K. E-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Azores come from the Monaco expeditions which were focussed on the region, with results In compiling a bibliography of references to the published in the well-known reports. In contrast, marine fauna and flora of the Azores, MARTINS the results of work by other specific expeditions (1990) noted the scattered nature of the literature to the Azores and by expeditions in transit are and the difficulty of locating some reports. The difficult to find. Not all expeditions have cirripedes are not as difficult as some other published or fully reported upon their results, and groups, since many of the species listed for the ecological data are often lacking. In view of the unique position of the islands were by DROUET(1858) and BARROIS (1888). well out in the Atlantic far from continental These authors are quoted by NOBRE(1930), who Europe, and the typical sessile barnacle life cycle, visited the Azores in 1919 and made comparable there is a great need for an ad hoc study of observations in Madeira and Porto Santo in 1927. Azorean barnacles. Barnacles are mostly cross- NOBRE(1930) does not mention the records of fertilising hermaphrodites, many incapable of self Azorean barnacles published by GRUVEL(1920) impregnation, and their extended planktotrophic in the Monaco series; although many of these larval phase might be expected to cause records were of deep-sea species, there are difficulties in maintaining insular populations. several from the intertidal zone or shallow depths. However some barnacle species, notably the There had been earlier reports on deep-water scalpellids, have dwarf males that settle on adults barnacles that included some records for the and thus can overcome the fertilisation problem Azores; by AURNILLIUS (1898) based on Monaco for isolated individuals. Other species reduce the collections, and by GRUVEL (1900a, 1900b, risk of over-dispersal of larvae by incubating the 1902a) on material from the 'Travailleur et eggs to the short-lived, non-feeding cypris stage Talisman' expeditions. Two London University that can settle almost immediately. expeditions investigated the fauna and flora of the Azores, one from Queen Mary College in 1954 (CHAPMAN1954) and the second from Cheliea College in 1965 (BAKER1967). In 1989 there was MATERIAL AND METHODS a joint investigation of the shallow water fauna by the University of Liverpool and the University of the Azores DOP (MARTINSet al. 1992), but parts This report is based on: published literature; of the invertebrate collections have not yet been residence in Faial; a brief visit to Ponta Delgada; reported upon. In addition to his other reports, material collected during cruises of the GRUVEL(1909) reported on a collection made by Department of Oceanography and Fisheries the passing German South Polar Expedition. (DOP) ships; and examination at Plymouth and in PILSBRY(1916) included some Azorean species in the Natural History Museum, London, of material his monograph on the Cirripedia in the collections collected by expeditions to the Azores. The of the U.S. National Museum, as did HENRY& nomenclature follows NEWMAN& ROSS (1976), MCLAUGHLIN(1986). The most recent expedition NEWMAN(1980) and ZEVINA(1981, 1982) with report is that by YOUNG(1998) who studied the later emendations. The term "Azores Region" as extensive collections made by the R.V. "Jean used here comprises the whole archipelago and Charcot" in 1971; he has taken the opportunity to the surrounding EEZ of 200 nautical miles. This revise the Verrucidae. includes much deep-water, and the northernmost Species reported from all these sources and known hydrothermal vents of the Mid-Atlantic my own collecting and examination of samples Ridge (MAR) called Lucky Strike and Menez provided by others are listed in Table 1, Gwen. substantially based on the tables in GRUVEL The first records of barnacles of the Azores (1920) and YOUNG (1998). Table 1 Species of Cirripedia reported from the Azores and nearby deep water genus species authority . Depth reference original geographical range (rn) name distribution if different HETERALEPADIDAE Heterafepns microstoma (Gruvel) GRUVEL1902b; YOUNG1998; this report Alepus microstorna Azores, Madeira, Gt. Meteor Bk. OXYNASPIDIDAE 0x)'tiaspis celaia Danvin cosmopolitan patens Aurivillius north Atlantic POECILASMATIDAE Dicl~elapsis sessilis Hoek HOEK1883 Azores Glyprelasma I~arnaturr~ Calman YOUNG1998 circumtropical carinaturn (Hoek) GRUVELI920 Poecifasrna carinaturn circurntropical aurantia Danvin GRUVEL1920; YOUNG1998; this report includes P. kaernpferi eastern Atlantic crmrtrn Gray GRUVEL1920; this report circurntropical LEPADIDAE Lepas fascicularis Ellis et Solander GRUVEL1920 cosmopolitan mserifera L. GRUVEL1920 cosrnopoIitan pectinata Spengler GRUVEL1920 cosmopolitan anatifera L. GRUVEL1920; YOUNG1998; this report cosmopolitan hilli Leach GRUVEL1920 cosmopolitan Concl~odenna virgaturn Spengler GRUVEL1920 cosmopolitan CALANTICIDAE Srniliurn acutltrn (Hoek) cosmopolitan Aurivillialepas calyculris (Aurivillius) Scalpellrun calycrtlus Azores falcata (Aurivillius) Scafpellutn falcatutn Azores, Gt. Meteor Bk. Scillaeleoas -ari~nnldii (Aurivillius) Scalnellurn -arilnaldii Azores Bk. - Bank; Gr. - Great. Table 1 (continued) Species of Cirripedia reported from the Azores and nearby deep water genus species authority depth Reference original geographical Range (m) name distribution SCALPELLIDAE Scalpellron scalpellurn (L.1 GRUVEL1920 Scalpellrrrn vulgare north-east Atlantic A~nigdosccrl/~eNrtrn nrumillumn (Aurivillius) AURIVILLWS1898; GRUVEL1920 Scalp'ellr~rn~nan~illatrrm Azores rigidurn (Aurivillius) AURIVILLIUS1898 north-east Atlantic (GRUVEL1905 & 1920 as Scalpellrrm sfriaturn) (ZEVINA1976 as Scalpellurn dtreron) ZEVINA1976; YOUNG1998 cosmopolitan (GRUVEL1920 as Scalpellrrm vel~ttinrtrn) (AURIVILLRJS1898 as Scolpellron,erectlr,n) tritorlis Young YOUNG1998 north-east Atlantic recurvitergurn (Gruvel) GRUVELl9OOa & 1905; YOUNG1998 Scalpellurn recrrrvifergum Azores, Indian Ocean? debile (Aurivillius) AURIVILLILJS1898; GRUVEL1920; YOUNG1998 Scalpellum debile north Atlantic (GRUVELl9OOa & 1902a as Scall~ellrrmed~vardsii) (GRUVEL1920 as Scalpellurn nlborar~ense) lirnpidus Zevina ZEVINA1976; YOUNG1998 north-east Atlantic, sub Antarctic anceps (Aurivillius) AURIVILLIUS 1898; GRUVEL1920 Scalpellron arlceps Azores atlanticum (Gruvel) GRUVEL1900a, 1902a & 1920 gracile (Gruvel) GRUVEL1920 Scalpellurn gracile north-east Atlantic irrcisurn (Aurivillius) AURIVILLWS1898; GRUVEL1920 Scalpellum incisrtrn Azores luteron (G~uvel) GRUVEL1900a & 1902a; YOUNG1998 Scalpellrtrn Iutertrn Azores Triar~guloscnlpellurn regirtm (Thomson) GRUVEL1900a & 1902a Scalpellum regiii~n north Atlantic ovule (Hoek) GRUVEL1905, as Scalpellurn gigas north Atlantic Weltnerirtn~ pusillurn (Aurivillius) 2000 AURIVILLIUS1898; GRUVEL1920 Scalpellrrm pusillum Azores, north-west Atlantic Table 1 (continued) Species of Cirripedia reported from the Azores and nearby deep water genus species authority depth reference original geographical range (m) name distribution VERRUCIDAE Altiverruca costa ta (Aurivillius) AURIVILLNS1898; GRUVEL1920 Verruco castata north Atlantic crenuta (Aurivillius) GRUVEL1920 Verruca crermfa Azores erecta (Gruvel) GRUVEL1900b & 1902a Verriu erectu Azores gibbosu (Hoek) YOUNG 1998 cosmopolitan blerrnis (Aurivillius) AURIVILLIUS1898; GRUVEL1920 Verrirca ir~errnis Azores Cosmtovernrca mnlutn (Aurivillius) GRUVEL1920 Verrrrca coriruta Azores, Gt. Meteor Bk. Metaverruca aeqttnlis (Aurivillius) AURIVILLIUS1898; GRUVEL1920 Verruca aeqlralis Azores recta (Aurivillius) GRUVEL1920 Vernrca recta cosmopolitan (AURIVILLNS1898; GRUVEL1920 as Verruca sculptfl) (AURIVILLIUS1898; GRUVEL1920 as Verruca linearis) trisulcata (G~uvel) 1022-1 143