Battle of the Barnacles
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Examining Patterns of Genetic Variation in Canadian Marine Molluscs Through DNA Barcodes
Examining patterns of genetic variation in Canadian marine molluscs through DNA barcodes by Kara Layton A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Integrative Biology Guelph, Ontario, Canada © Kara Layton, January, 2012 ABSTRACT Examining patterns of genetic variation in Canadian marine molluscs through DNA barcodes Kara Layton Advisor: University of Guelph, 2013 Professor P.D.N Hebert In this thesis I investigate patterns of sequence variation at the COI gene in Canadian marine molluscs. The research presented begins the construction of a DNA barcode reference library for this phylum, presenting records for nearly 25% of the Canadian fauna. This work confirms that the COI gene region is an effective tool for delineating species of marine molluscs and for revealing overlooked species. This study also discovered a link between GC content and sequence divergence between congeneric species. I also provide a detailed analysis of population structure in two bivalves with similar larval development and dispersal potential, exploring how Canada’s extensive glacial history has shaped genetic structure. Both bivalve species show evidence for cryptic taxa and particularly high genetic diversity in populations from the northeast Pacific. These results have implications for the utility of DNA barcoding both for documenting biodiversity and broadening our understanding of biogeographic patterns in Holarctic species. Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to thank my advisor Dr. Paul Hebert for providing endless guidance and support during my program and for greatly improving my research. You always encouraged my participation in field collections and conferences, allowing many opportunities to connect with colleagues and present my research to the scientific community. -
Marine Invertebrate Field Guide
Marine Invertebrate Field Guide Contents ANEMONES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 AGGREGATING ANEMONE (ANTHOPLEURA ELEGANTISSIMA) ............................................................................................................................... 2 BROODING ANEMONE (EPIACTIS PROLIFERA) ................................................................................................................................................... 2 CHRISTMAS ANEMONE (URTICINA CRASSICORNIS) ............................................................................................................................................ 3 PLUMOSE ANEMONE (METRIDIUM SENILE) ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 BARNACLES ....................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 ACORN BARNACLE (BALANUS GLANDULA) ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 HAYSTACK BARNACLE (SEMIBALANUS CARIOSUS) .............................................................................................................................................. 4 CHITONS ........................................................................................................................................................................................... -
Balanus Glandula Class: Multicrustacea, Hexanauplia, Thecostraca, Cirripedia
Phylum: Arthropoda, Crustacea Balanus glandula Class: Multicrustacea, Hexanauplia, Thecostraca, Cirripedia Order: Thoracica, Sessilia, Balanomorpha Acorn barnacle Family: Balanoidea, Balanidae, Balaninae Description (the plate overlapping plate edges) and radii Size: Up to 3 cm in diameter, but usually (the plate edge marked off from the parietes less than 1.5 cm (Ricketts and Calvin 1971; by a definite change in direction of growth Kozloff 1993). lines) (Fig. 3b) (Newman 2007). The plates Color: Shell usually white, often irregular themselves include the carina, the carinola- and color varies with state of erosion. Cirri teral plates and the compound rostrum (Fig. are black and white (see Plate 11, Kozloff 3). 1993). Opercular Valves: Valves consist of General Morphology: Members of the Cirri- two pairs of movable plates inside the wall, pedia, or barnacles, can be recognized by which close the aperture: the tergum and the their feathery thoracic limbs (called cirri) that scutum (Figs. 3a, 4, 5). are used for feeding. There are six pairs of Scuta: The scuta have pits on cirri in B. glandula (Fig. 1). Sessile barna- either side of a short adductor ridge (Fig. 5), cles are surrounded by a shell that is com- fine growth ridges, and a prominent articular posed of a flat basis attached to the sub- ridge. stratum, a wall formed by several articulated Terga: The terga are the upper, plates (six in Balanus species, Fig. 3) and smaller plate pair and each tergum has a movable opercular valves including terga short spur at its base (Fig. 4), deep crests for and scuta (Newman 2007) (Figs. -
Marine Information Network Information on the Species and Habitats Around the Coasts and Sea of the British Isles
MarLIN Marine Information Network Information on the species and habitats around the coasts and sea of the British Isles Montagu's stellate barnacle (Chthamalus montagui) MarLIN – Marine Life Information Network Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Review Karen Riley 2002-01-28 A report from: The Marine Life Information Network, Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. Please note. This MarESA report is a dated version of the online review. Please refer to the website for the most up-to-date version [https://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/detail/1322]. All terms and the MarESA methodology are outlined on the website (https://www.marlin.ac.uk) This review can be cited as: Riley, K. 2002. Chthamalus montagui Montagu's stellate barnacle. In Tyler-Walters H. and Hiscock K. (eds) Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Reviews, [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.17031/marlinsp.1322.1 The information (TEXT ONLY) provided by the Marine Life Information Network (MarLIN) is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales License. Note that images and other media featured on this page are each governed by their own terms and conditions and they may or may not be available for reuse. Permissions beyond the scope of this license are available here. Based on a work at www.marlin.ac.uk (page left blank) Date: 2002-01-28 Montagu's stellate barnacle (Chthamalus montagui) - Marine Life Information Network See online review for distribution map Close up of Chthamalus montagui from High Water of Spring Tide level seen dry. -
The Interplay of Positive and Negative Influences
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 448 (2013) 162–170 Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Effects of seaweed canopies and adult barnacles on barnacle recruitment: The interplay of positive and negative influences Arne J. Beermann a, Julius A. Ellrich a, Markus Molis b, Ricardo A. Scrosati a,⁎ a Saint Francis Xavier University, Department of Biology, Antigonish, Nova Scotia B2G 2W5, Canada b Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany article info abstract Article history: Barnacles are dominant sessile invertebrates on many rocky shores worldwide. Hence, investigating the factors Received 15 February 2013 that affect their recruitment is important. Through field experiments done on the Atlantic coast of Canada, we Received in revised form 30 June 2013 investigated interspecificandintraspecific relationships affecting intertidal barnacle recruitment. Specifically, Accepted 1 July 2013 we evaluated the effects of seaweed canopies (Ascophyllum nodosum) and adult barnacles (Semibalanus Available online xxxx balanoides) on the density of barnacle recruits at the end of the recruitment season. The effects of three canopy treatments on barnacle recruitment and understory environmental conditions allowed us to identify positive Keywords: Ascophyllum and negative effects of canopies. At mid-intertidal elevations subjected to a moderate wave action, we found Barnacle that, during high tides, the flexible algal fronds damage wire sensors established on the substrate (whiplash Intertidal effect) and limit barnacle recruitment. However, at low tide, algal canopies limit water loss and temperature Seaweed extremes and enhance barnacle recruitment in understory habitats. -
Using Growth Rates to Estimate Age of the Sea Turtle Barnacle Chelonibia Testudinaria
Mar Biol (2017) 164:222 DOI 10.1007/s00227-017-3251-5 SHORT NOTE Using growth rates to estimate age of the sea turtle barnacle Chelonibia testudinaria Sophie A. Doell1 · Rod M. Connolly1 · Colin J. Limpus2 · Ryan M. Pearson1 · Jason P. van de Merwe1 Received: 4 May 2017 / Accepted: 20 October 2017 © Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2017 Abstract Epibionts can serve as valuable ecological indi- may live for up to 2 years, means that these barnacles may cators, providing information about the behaviour or health serve as interesting ecological indicators over this period. of the host. The use of epibionts as indicators is, however, In turn, this information may be used to better understand often limited by a lack of knowledge about the basic ecology the movement and habitat use of their sea turtle hosts, ulti- of these ‘hitchhikers’. This study investigated the growth mately improving conservation and management of these rates of a turtle barnacle, Chelonibia testudinaria, under threatened animals. natural conditions, and then used the resulting growth curve to estimate the barnacle’s age. Repeat morphomet- ric measurements (length and basal area) on 78 barnacles Introduction were taken, as host loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) laid successive clutches at Mon Repos, Australia, during the Sea turtles are known to host diverse communities of plants 2015/16 nesting season. Barnacles when frst encountered and invertebrate animals (Caine 1986; Kitsos et al. 2005; ranged in size from 3.7 to 62.9 mm, and were recaptured Robinson et al. 2017). Past analyses of the size, abundance, between 12 and 56 days later. -
Response of Competent Blue Mussel (Mytilus Edulis) Larvae to Positive and Negative Settlement Cues
Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 480 (2016) 8–16 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jembe Response of competent blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae to positive and negative settlement cues Scott L. Morello ⁎, Philip O. Yund The Downeast Institute, P.O. Box 83, Beals, ME 04611, USA article info abstract Article history: Recent work on larval settlement cues has emphasized mechanisms by which larvae exploit individual, positive Received 3 December 2015 cues (cues that larvae move toward), often in complex flow fields. Yet in natural systems, larvae of habitat Received in revised form 28 March 2016 generalists probably respond to multiple settlement cues, including a mixture of positive and negative cues. Accepted 29 March 2016 First, a simple test chamber in which cue dispersal was dominated by diffusion was used to assess whether com- Available online xxxx petent blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) larvae responded negatively or positively to cues from a variety of intertidal fl Keywords: species. Second, choice experiments tested the responses of larvae offered a mixture of con icting (positive and fl Larval behavior negative) cues from the same direction and con icting cues from different directions. Responses to individual Chemical ecology cues were predictable from established ecological interactions. Larvae were attracted to odors from conspecifics, Habitat selection tended to move toward odors from a filamentous alga, avoided odors from two predators of post-settlement Future risk mussels, and exhibited little response to odors from an herbivorous gastropod. Negative and positive cues offered Conflicting cues from the same direction produced movement both toward and away from the mixture, while offering the combined cues from different directions resulted in net movement that was largely consistent with predictions from the individual cue responses. -
Macro-To-Nanoscale Investigation of Wall-Plate Joints in the Acorn Barnacle Semibalanus Balanoides
This is a repository copy of Macro-to-nanoscale investigation of wall-plate joints in the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides : correlative imaging, biological form and function, and bioinspiration. White Rose Research Online URL for this paper: http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/161302/ Version: Published Version Article: Mitchell, R.L. orcid.org/0000-0002-6328-3998, Coleman, M., Davies, P. et al. (5 more authors) (2019) Macro-to-nanoscale investigation of wall-plate joints in the acorn barnacle Semibalanus balanoides : correlative imaging, biological form and function, and bioinspiration. Journal of The Royal Society Interface, 16 (157). 20190218. ISSN 1742-5689 https://doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0218 Reuse This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) licence. This licence allows you to distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon the work, even commercially, as long as you credit the authors for the original work. More information and the full terms of the licence here: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/ Takedown If you consider content in White Rose Research Online to be in breach of UK law, please notify us by emailing [email protected] including the URL of the record and the reason for the withdrawal request. [email protected] https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/ Macro-to-nanoscale investigation of wall-plate joints in the acorn barnacle royalsocietypublishing.org/journal/rsif Semibalanus balanoides: correlative imaging, biological form and function, Research and bioinspiration Cite this article: Mitchell RL, Coleman M, R. L. Mitchell1, M. Coleman1, P. Davies1, L. North1, E. C. Pope2, Davies P, North L, Pope EC, Pleydell-Pearce C, C. -
Models of Open Populations with Space-Limited Recruitment In
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 275: 185–197, 2004 Published July 14 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Models of open populations with space-limited recruitment in stochastic environments: relative importance of recruitment and survival in populations of Semibalanus balanoides Carl J. Svensson1,*, Stuart R. Jenkins2, Stephen J. Hawkins2, Alan A. Myers5, Pedro Range3, José Paula3, Ruth M. O’Riordan4, 5, Per Åberg1 1Department of Marine Ecology, Göteborg University, Box 461, 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden 2Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK 3Institudo do Mar (IMAR), Laboratório Marítimo da Guia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada do Guincho, 2750-642 Cascais, Portugal 4Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4, Singapore 117543 5Department of Zoology and Animal Ecology, National University of Ireland, Lee Maltings, Prospect Row, Cork, Ireland ABSTRACT: The relative importance of recruitment and post-recruitment processes in determining adult density among marine species varies considerably between species and populations. This study aimed to investigate the relative effects of variation in recruitment and survival rates on the density dynamics of 3 spatially separated natural populations of the barnacle Semibalanus balanoides (Isle of Man, SW Ireland and west Sweden). We analysed 2 different data-based stochastic matrix models of open populations with space-limited recruitment. Assumption testing supported the application of matrix-model theory for studying and comparing population variables of open populations. Recruit- ment was found to be partly dependent on free space, and mortality was size-specific and indepen- dent of other vital rates. Model simulations showed that the relative importance of recruitment and survival in shaping adult density depends on the existing variation of these vital rates at each loca- tion. -
Monitoring of Biofouling Communities in a Portuguese Port Using a Combined Morphological and Metabarcoding Approach Joana Azevedo 1,2,3, Jorge T
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Monitoring of biofouling communities in a Portuguese port using a combined morphological and metabarcoding approach Joana Azevedo 1,2,3, Jorge T. Antunes1,2,3, André M. Machado 1, Vitor Vasconcelos1,2, Pedro N. Leão 1* & Elsa Froufe 1* Marine biofouling remains an unsolved problem with a serious economic impact on several marine associated industries and constitutes a major vector for the spread of non-indigenous species (NIS). The implementation of biofouling monitoring programs allows for better fouling management and also for the early identifcation of NIS. However, few monitoring studies have used recent methods, such as metabarcoding, that can signifcantly enhance the detection of those species. Here, we employed monthly monitoring of biofouling growth on stainless steel plates in the Atlantic Port of Leixões (Northern Portugal), over one year to test the efect of commercial anti-corrosion paint in the communities. Fouling organisms were identifed by combining morpho-taxonomy identifcation with community DNA metabarcoding using multiple markers (16S rRNA, 18S rRNA, 23S rRNA, and COI genes). The dominant colonizers found at this location were hard foulers, namely barnacles and mussels, while other groups of organisms such as cnidarians, bryozoans, and ascidians were also abundant. Regarding the temporal dynamics of the fouling communities, there was a progressive increase in the colonization of cyanobacteria, green algae, and red algae during the sampled period with the replacement of less abundant groups. The tested anticorrosion paint demonstrated to have a signifcant prevention efect against the biofouling community resulting in a biomass reduction. Our study also reports, for the frst time, 29 NIS in this port, substantiating the need for the implementation of recurring biofouling monitoring programs in ports and harbours. -
Occurrence of Sea Spider Endeis Mollis Carpenter (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) on the Test Panels Submerged in Gulf of Mannar, Southeast Coast of India
Arthropods, 2012, 1(2):73-78 Article Occurrence of sea spider Endeis mollis Carpenter (Arthropoda: Pycnogonida) on the test panels submerged in Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India S. Satheesh*, S. G. Wesley Department of Zoology, Scott Christian College (Autonomous), Nagercoil-629003, Tamil Nadu, India *Present address: Department of Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No. 80207, Jeddah-21589, Saudi Arabia E-mail: [email protected] Received 27 February 2012; Accepted 1 April 2012; Published online 5 June 2012 IAEES Abstract Sea spiders (Pycnogonids) are exclusively marine arthropods with worldwide distribution. Pycnogonida remains one of the poorly investigated groups encountered in fouling communities. In the present study, distribution pycnogonid species Endeis mollis associated with the fouling community developed on test panels submerged at Kudankulam coast, Gulf of Mannar was studied for a period of two years. Throughout the period of investigation, Endeis mollis was observed on the test panels. A maximum of 55 individuals per square dm was observed during pre-monsoon season and a minimum of 9 individuals per square dm during monsoon season. Results of this study on seasonal distribution are of considerable interest because so little has been documented on the ecology of Pycnogonids in India. Keywords arthropods; biofouling; fouling community; Pycnogonids; Kudankulam; Endeis mollis; biogeography. 1 Introduction Sea spiders or pycnogonids are distinct group of arthropods, exclusively found in the intertidal to abyssal depths in all the marine waters of the world (Arango, 2003; Carranza et al., 2007; Fornshell, 2012). They are commonly found as epibenthic community on other invertebrates, algae, corals etc (Child and Harbison, 1986). -
Barnacle Paper.PUB
Proc. Isle Wight nat. Hist. archaeol. Soc . 24 : 42-56. BARNACLES (CRUSTACEA: CIRRIPEDIA) OF THE SOLENT & ISLE OF WIGHT Dr Roger J.H. Herbert & Erik Muxagata To coincide with the bicentenary of the birth of the naturalist Charles Darwin (1809-1889) a list of barnacles (Crustacea:Cirripedia) recorded from around the Solent and Isle of Wight coast is pre- sented, including notes on their distribution. Following the Beagle expedition, and prior to the publication of his seminal work Origin of Species in 1859, Darwin spent eight years studying bar- nacles. During this time he tested his developing ideas of natural selection and evolution through precise observation and systematic recording of anatomical variation. To this day, his monographs of living and fossil cirripedia (Darwin 1851a, 1851b, 1854a, 1854b) are still valuable reference works. Darwin visited the Isle of Wight on three occasions (P. Bingham, pers.com) however it is unlikely he carried out any field work on the shore. He does however describe fossil cirripedia from Eocene strata on the Isle of Wight (Darwin 1851b, 1854b) and presented specimens, that were supplied to him by other collectors, to the Natural History Museum (Appendix). Barnacles can be the most numerous of macrobenthic species on hard substrata. The acorn and stalked (pedunculate) barnacles have a familiar sessile adult stage that is preceded by a planktonic larval phase comprising of six naupliar stages, prior to the metamorphosis of a non-feeding cypris that eventually settles on suitable substrate (for reviews on barnacle biology see Rainbow 1984; Anderson, 1994). Additionally, the Rhizocephalans, an ectoparasitic group, are mainly recognis- able as barnacles by the external characteristics of their planktonic nauplii.