DOCSLIB.ORG

Emergency Session on the Current Situation in the Middle East (1967)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Emergency Session on the Current Situation in the Middle East (1967) Historical Security Council l UPAMUN 2018 Topic: Emergency Session on the current situation in the Middle East (1967) . President: Paola Zárate Aragón VicePresident: Claudia Pamela García Ortega Historical Security Council l UPAMUN 2018 Content Disclaimer: ............................................................................................................................ 2 General description of the Problem: ....................................................................................... 2 Antecedents ........................................................................................................................... 3 Legal Support ........................................................................................................................ 4 Agenda .................................................................................................................................. 5 Delegations ............................................................................................................................ 5 R2P ..................................................................................................................................... 11 Additional research links ..................................................................................................... 12 References ........................................................................................................................... 12 Disclaimer: The following committee has been thought under the dynamics of a counterfactual exercise; the idea is not to recreate the exact same situation, but to innovate inside the possibilities of what could had happen; to that purpose some events have been slightly altered to open new lines of possibility (you will be informed of this and other changes through the footnotes). Be creative but remember to respect your country's official posture at the time of the events. Good Luck. General description of the Problem: In May of this year the United Nations received a formal petition from the United Arab Republic1 to withdraw the United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) from their territory (and the Gaza Strip). Since this is the only neutral force that prevents a mayor collision between Israeli and Arab forces, the petition has been denied2, so it will be called for a debate in the Security Council, given the fact that the petition still reflects that nation’s intentions and the unsolved disputes between Israel and the Arab countries; even more, this is a clear indication on the ongoing situation of conflict in the Middle East. It is important to recognize the 1 Egypt’s official name at the time. James P. Jankowski, Nasser's Egypt, Arab Nationalism, and the United Arab Republic. (United States: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002). 2 This event has been altered, in reality former secretary general U Thant decided the withdrawal of UNEF, without consulting the rest of the UN. (This happened during the second week of May of 1967, the 6 Day War has not happened, If a delegate brings up an event or document occurred after this period of time, they will be subject to a warning). Historical Security Council l UPAMUN 2018 situation as an effect of the Arab-Israeli War of 1948, and the lack of action from this committee at that time. The mayor concern now is the growing tension in the region and the way the Israeli-Palestinian conflict seems to be extending over time. The longer3 this conflict remains in the agenda the harder it will be to find a solution that brings real peace to all parties involved, and the more complex it will become. In this regard, the objective of this discussion is to find an alternative solution to change the conflictive narrative in this region, which brings us to the reason why, is important to include this kind of topics in this committee’s agenda. The Security Council must concentrate on strengthening its ability to create a lasting peace rather than merely observe a ceasefire during a peacekeeping mission; as well as on developing the ability to prevent potential conflicts. Antecedents In July 1956, Egypt nationalized the Suez Canal Company, later, in October of that year; the Security Council adopted a resolution setting forth certain principles for the operation of the Canal. Consultations on the implementation of those principles were been discussed when new hostilities broke out in the area. On 29 October 1956, Israeli forces launched an attack on Egypt and occupied Sinai and the Gaza Strip. A few days later British and French troops landed in the Suez Canal Zone. The Security Council was unable to act due to the vetoes of France and the United Kingdom. Under the "Uniting for Peace" resolution, the matter was then referred to the General Assembly, which met in emergency special session from 1 to 10 November. 3 You must discuss this issue, keeping in mind that the 6 Day War was at the time one of the main reasons why the Arab-Israeli Conflict still remains unsolved to this day (2018) “UN Secretary-General U Thant's decision to abruptly remove UN forces, in response to Egyptian President Gamal Abdal- Nasser's demand, is seen as one of the factors that led to the 1967 War, as well as to a failure in peacekeeping. This article discusses the rights and wrongs of that choice and also the role of the UN and other countries in the crisis” Michael K. Carroll, “From peace(keeping) to war: The United Nations and the withdrawal of the UNEF” The Middle East Review of International Affairs, June 2005, Volume 9, No. 2, Article 5. Historical Security Council l UPAMUN 2018 The Assembly called for a ceasefire and the withdrawal of all foreign forces from occupied territories, and it also established the first United Nations Emergency Force (UNEF) to secure and supervise the cessation of hostilities. Following the dispatch of the Emergency Force to the area, European forces left the Suez Canal Zone by 22 December 1956 and the withdrawal of the Israeli forces was completed by 8 March 1957. In May 1967, a request from the Egyptian Government, has informed the Secretary-General that it would no longer consent to the stationing of the Force on Egyptian territory and in Gaza. Due to the manner this situation compromises international security (as it has already been shown through the constant hostilities between Israeli and Arab forces since 1947) this shall be one of the main topics in the agenda (other topics will be describe later in this document). First, it is important to understand that the motivations behind Egypt’s request, corresponds to a series of complexities and constant hostilities, that have been unleashed by the Arab- Israeli Conflict in the Middle East since 1948. The war of that year was but a symptom of the illness itself and the General Armistice Agreement of 19494 was just a superficial remedy that has not being of much use in the most important area; bringing real peace to the region. Legal Support According to the United Nations Founding Charter, chapter V, Article 24, the Security Council has the responsibility to maintain international peace and security under the conformity of this organization’s principles. Chapter VII contains provisions related to “Action with Respect to the Peace, Breaches of the Peace and Acts of Aggression’ The Security Council’s invocation of Chapter VII in these situations, can be seen as a statement of firm political resolve and a means of reminding the parties in conflict of their obligation to give effect to Security Council decisions. The Emergency Force (UNEF) established by the General Assembly through resolution 1001 (ES-I) of 7 November 1956 4 After the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, a set of set of armistice agreements were signed between Lebanon, Jordan, Egypt, Syria and Israel in order to officially end the hostilities and also to establish the new de facto borders of the State of Israel (the Green Line), the armistice agreements or General Armistice Agreement has been repeatedly violated until October of 1956 when it collapsed completely when Israel and two major Powers occupied large portions of Egyptian territory, what started the Suez Crisis. "Glossary: Israel", Library of Congress Country Studies Historical Security Council l UPAMUN 2018 Agenda ❖ Revision of the status of the UNEF, emphasizing the importance of achieving its main goal: permanent peace in the region ❖ The current status of the “Green Line” as opposed to the boundaries of the 1948 partition plan (according to resolution 181) ❖ Revision of resolution 194 of the General Assembly in the matter of the right of return of the Palestinian refugees ❖ The Arab-Israeli conflict as a matter of international security and also an indication of the failure of united nations in the consolidation of a lasting peace ❖ The Security Council’s responsibility to prevent mayor conflicts5 Delegations China (Republic of China, Taiwan): During the 50s and the 60s the, the Nationalist Party (the Kuomintang) occupied the representation of China in the Security Council due to the support they received from the United Statas during that time; their foreign policy as a whole during this period was not very proactive, they did not tend to get involved with international conflicts, their main interest is for their own case to be revised by the UN6 United Kingdom (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland): Britain built a strong bond with Israel during Harold Wilson's government, providing them with weapons of different types as well with Centurion, British battle tanks, which
Load more

Recommended publications
  • COI QUERY Disclaimer
    COI QUERY Country of Origin/Topic Lebanon Question(s) 1. Information on entry/exit requirements and procedure for Palestinians with passports 2. Information on entry/exit requirements and procedure for Palestinians without passports Date of completion 20 February 2020 Query Code Q4-2020 Contributing EU+ COI units (if applicable) Disclaimer This response to a COI query has been elaborated according to the Common EU Guidelines for Processing COI and EASO COI Report Methodology. The information provided in this response has been researched, evaluated and processed with utmost care within a limited time frame. All sources used are referenced. A quality review has been performed in line with the above mentioned methodology. This document does not claim to be exhaustive neither conclusive as to the merit of any particular claim to international protection. If a certain event, person or organisation is not mentioned in the report, this does not mean that the event has not taken place or that the person or organisation does not exist. Terminology used should not be regarded as indicative of a particular legal position. The information in the response does not necessarily reflect the opinion of EASO and makes no political statement whatsoever. The target audience is caseworkers, COI researchers, policy makers, and decision making authorities. The answer was finalised on the 20 February 2020. Any event taking place after this date is not included in this answer. 1 COI QUERY RESPONSE 1. Information on entry/exit requirements and procedure for Palestinians
    [Show full text]
  • Rediscovering the Arab Dimension of Middle East Regional Politics
    Review of International Studies page 1 of 22 2011 British International Studies Association doi:10.1017/S0260210511000283 The New Arab Cold War: rediscovering the Arab dimension of Middle East regional politics MORTEN VALBJØRN AND ANDRÉ BANK* Abstract. This article provides a conceptual lens for and a thick interpretation of the emergent regional constellation in the Middle East in the first decade of the 21st century. It starts out by challenging two prevalent claims about regional politics in the context of the 2006 Lebanon and 2008–09 Gaza Wars: Firstly, that regional politics is marked by a fundamental break from the ‘old Middle East’ and secondly, that it has become ‘post-Arab’ in the sense that Arab politics has ceased being distinctly Arab. Against this background, the article develops the understanding of a New Arab Cold War which accentuates the still important, but widely neglected Arab dimension in regional politics. By rediscovering the Arab Cold War of the 1950–60s and by drawing attention to the transformation of Arab nationalism and the importance of new trans-Arab media, the New Arab Cold War perspective aims at supplementing rather that supplanting the prominent moderate-radical, sectarian and Realist-Westphalian narratives. By highlighting dimensions of both continuity and change it does moreover provide some critical nuances to the frequent claims about the ‘newness’ of the ‘New Middle East’. In addition to this more Middle East-specific contribution, the article carries lessons for a number of more general debates in International Relations theory concerning the importance of (Arab-Islamist) non-state actors and competing identities in regional politics as well as the interplay between different forms of sovereignty.
    [Show full text]
  • Archives in Medieval Islam by ERNST POSNER
    Downloaded from http://meridian.allenpress.com/american-archivist/article-pdf/35/3-4/291/2745727/aarc_35_3-4_x1546224w7621152.pdf by guest on 03 October 2021 Archives in Medieval Islam By ERNST POSNER N A CHAPTER of his Muqaddimah: An Introduction to His- tory, which deals with royalty and government, Ibn-Khaldun I (1332-1406) observes, "Royal authority requires soldiers, money, and the means to communicate with those who are absent. The ruler, therefore, needs persons to help him in the matters concerned with 'the sword,' 'the pen,' and finances; and among them the pen ranks high."1 It may have been thought to rank even higher than the sword and finances, for, according to Muslim tradition, the pen was the first object God created.2 Of its power and creativeness in Islamic culture there can be no doubt, and those who wielded the pen enjoyed great esteem. Poets and literati lent their talents to the business of government and, according to Ibn al-Sayrafl, achieved "with the pen what the sword and the lance over a long period of years had been unable to produce."3 Unfortunately, the use of the pen as an instrument of Muslim policy and the preservation of the products of the pen, namely offi- cial documents, have received too little attention so far. As a re- sult, archives-keeping in the Muslim states during the Middle Ages has not been fully recognized as a continuation of preceding prac- The author, Fellow and past president of the Society, continues with this essay his history of archives administration begun in Archives in the Ancient World [Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press; xviii, 283 p., illus.; bibliography, index; $>io] pub- lished in May 1972.
    [Show full text]
  • Suez 1956 24 Planning the Intervention 26 During the Intervention 35 After the Intervention 43 Musketeer Learning 55
    Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd i 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East Louise Kettle 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iiiiii 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Edinburgh University Press is one of the leading university presses in the UK. We publish academic books and journals in our selected subject areas across the humanities and social sciences, combining cutting-edge scholarship with high editorial and production values to produce academic works of lasting importance. For more information visit our website: edinburghuniversitypress.com © Louise Kettle, 2018 Edinburgh University Press Ltd The Tun – Holyrood Road, 12(2f) Jackson’s Entry, Edinburgh EH8 8PJ Typeset in 11/1 3 Adobe Sabon by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd, and printed and bound in Great Britain. A CIP record for this book is available from the British Library ISBN 978 1 4744 3795 0 (hardback) ISBN 978 1 4744 3797 4 (webready PDF) ISBN 978 1 4744 3798 1 (epub) The right of Louise Kettle to be identifi ed as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, and the Copyright and Related Rights Regulations 2003 (SI No. 2498). 55842_Kettle.indd842_Kettle.indd iivv 006/09/186/09/18 111:371:37 AAMM Contents Acknowledgements vii 1. Learning from History 1 Learning from History in Whitehall 3 Politicians Learning from History 8 Learning from the History of Military Interventions 9 How Do We Learn? 13 What is Learning from History? 15 Who Learns from History? 16 The Learning Process 18 Learning from the History of British Interventions in the Middle East 21 2.
    [Show full text]
  • War and Diplomacy: the Suez Crisis
    1 Professor Pnina Lahav, Boston University School of Law C.) Please do not use, quote or distribute without author’s permission War and Diplomacy: The Suez Crisis 1. Introduction Stephen M. Griffin, Long Wars and the Constitution, and Mariah Zeisberg’s War Powers, are two remarkable books that certainly deserve an entire symposium devoted to them. These books complement each other in the same way that the war powers, some vested in Congress and others in the President, are in correspondence with each other. Griffin’s book revolves around the history of the war powers since 1945, and in this sense is more empirical. Its thesis is that the cold war and Truman’s subsequent decision to launch the war in Korea destabilized American constitutionalism. In the following decades the United States has found itself confronting an endless string of constitutional crises related to the deployment of troops abroad, and the quest for a formula to resolve the constitutional puzzles is as strong as ever. Zeisberg’s book, which took advantage of the fact that Griffin’s book preceded it, is more normative, even though it should be emphasized that Griffin also offers important normative insights. Both books are anchored in democratic theory in that they emphasize the cardinal significance of inter-branch deliberation. Both endorse the notion that the implicit assumption underlying the text of the Constitution is that while the war powers are divided between the legislative and executive branches, these institutions are expected to deliberate internally as well as externally when confronting the critical matter of war.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Egypt – to About 1970
    A Short History of Egypt – to about 1970 Foreword................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1. Pre-Dynastic Times : Upper and Lower Egypt: The Unification. .. 3 Chapter 2. Chronology of the First Twelve Dynasties. ............................... 5 Chapter 3. The First and Second Dynasties (Archaic Egypt) ....................... 6 Chapter 4. The Third to the Sixth Dynasties (The Old Kingdom): The "Pyramid Age"..................................................................... 8 Chapter 5. The First Intermediate Period (Seventh to Tenth Dynasties)......10 Chapter 6. The Eleventh and Twelfth Dynasties (The Middle Kingdom).......11 Chapter 7. The Second Intermediate Period (about I780-1561 B.C.): The Hyksos. .............................................................................12 Chapter 8. The "New Kingdom" or "Empire" : Eighteenth to Twentieth Dynasties (c.1567-1085 B.C.)...............................................13 Chapter 9. The Decline of the Empire. ...................................................15 Chapter 10. Persian Rule (525-332 B.C.): Conquest by Alexander the Great. 17 Chapter 11. The Early Ptolemies: Alexandria. ...........................................18 Chapter 12. The Later Ptolemies: The Advent of Rome. .............................20 Chapter 13. Cleopatra...........................................................................21 Chapter 14. Egypt under the Roman, and then Byzantine, Empire: Christianity: The Coptic Church.............................................23
    [Show full text]
  • Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference 2021
    Hofstra University Model United Nations Conference 2021 Future Crisis Committee Maheen Safian, Chair Sameer Mamun, Crisis Director 1 Hey, delegates! My name is Maheen Safian, and I am the future crisis chair for HUMUNC 2021! Currently, I'm a sophomore double-majoring in political science and global studies. In addition to being the vice president of Hofstra Model UN, I've been a strategy article writer for the Model UN training website allamericanmun.com for the past several years. Previously, I assisted in SPECPOL as a dais during HUMUNC 2020, and attended the Columbia College Model UN Conference during my first semester at Hofstra. My experience in MUN is extensive, ranging from my sophomore year of high school until now! Undeniably, it has made me grow incredibly as a student and leader. In addition to MUN, I'm involved as the Hofstra Campus Organizer for Peace Action, an organization furthering pro- peace foreign policy through lobbying and political organization. Outside of campus, I'm the ECOSOC intern for the Pakistan Permanent Mission to the United Nations, where I research sustainable development initiatives in developing nations. I'm excited to see all of you soon, and the solutions you may bring! Sincerely, Maheen Safian Future Crisis Chair HUMUNC 2021 2 Greetings honorable delegates! My name is Sameer Mamun, but you may all soon know me as your Future Crisis Committee Director during this Hofstra Model United Nations Conference! Currently, it is my second year here at Hofstra and I am a Business Management major. In terms of MUN experience, I have plenty at both the high school and collegiate level.
    [Show full text]
  • Pan-Arabism and the United Arab Republic by Michael Habib
    Pan-Arabism and the United Arab Republic by Michael Habib A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of The Wilkes Honors College in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Sciences with a Concentration in History Wilkes Honors College of Florida Atlantic University Jupiter, Florida May 2016 Pan-Arabism and the United Arab Republic By Michael Habib This thesis was prepared under the direction of the candidate’s thesis advisor, Dr. Christopher Ely, and has been approved by the members of his supervisory committee. It was submitted to the faculty of The Honors College and was accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Sciences. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE: ___________________________ Dr. Christopher Ely ____________________________ Dr. Douglas McGetchin ______________________________ Dean Jeffrey Buller, Wilkes Honors College ____________ Date i ABSTRACT Author: Michael Habib Title: Pan-Arabism and the United Arab Republic Institution: Wilkes Honors College of Florida Atlantic University Thesis Advisor: Dr. Christopher Ely Degree: Bachelor of Arts in Liberal Arts and Sciences Concentration: History Year: 2016 This thesis seeks to analyze Pan-Arabism through the lens of the United Arab Republic. I argue that even though the UAR faced many internal issues, it ultimately failed due to external pressures. I argue this to provide a new perspective on the Middle East and the Arab world, by showing how it came to be as it is. I organize my thesis into four chapters: I. Introduction: Arab Unity and its Limits, II. The Marriage of Syria and Egypt, III.
    [Show full text]
  • The Arab-Israel War of 1967 1967 Was the Year of the Six-Day War
    The Arab-Israel War of 1967 1967 was the year of the six-day war. Here we bring together its impact on Israel and on the Jewish communities in the Arab countries; United States Middle East policy and United Nations deliberations; effects on the East European Communist bloc, its citizens, and its Jewish communities, and American opinion. For discus- sions of reactions in other parts of the world, see the reviews of individual countries. THE EDITORS Middle East Israel A ALL aspects of Israel's life in 1967 were dominated by the explosion of hostilities on June 5. Two decades of Arab-Israel tension culminated in a massive combined Arab military threat, which was answered by a swift mobilization of Israel's citizen army and, after a period of waiting for international action, by a powerful offensive against the Egyptian, Jor- danian and Syrian forces, leading to the greatest victory in Jewish military annals. During the weeks of danger preceding the six-day war, Jewry throughout the world rallied to Israel's aid: immediate financial support was forthcoming on an unprecedented scale, and thousands of young volunteers offered per- sonal participation in Israel's defense, though they arrived too late to affect the issue (see reviews of individual countries). A new upsurge of national confidence swept away the morale crisis that had accompanied the economic slowdown in 1966. The worldwide Jewish reaction to Israel's danger, and the problems associated with the extension of its military rule over a million more Arabs, led to a reappraisal of atti- tudes towards diaspora Jewry.
    [Show full text]
  • The United Arab Republic Today, Part I: the Liberation of Egypt
    NORTHEAST AFRICA SERIES Vol. VII No. 1 (United Arab Republic) American Unive THE UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC TODAY Part I: The Liberation of Egypt by Charles F. Gallagher Cairo January 8, 1960 This publication is one of a continuing series on current developments in world The transition from the rugged coast of the affairs ~~rittenby associates of the Ameri- Levant across a choppy winter sea to the shores of can Universities Field Staff. It is distribu- Egypt is abrupt and the change of scene total. By ted by the AUFS as a useful addition to the plane it is scarcely more than an hour after leav- American fund of information on foreign ing Beirut before the first sighting is made of the affairs. long sandbanks which divide the waves of the Medi- AUFS associates have been chosen for terranean from the still waters of the countless their skill in collecting, reporting, and inland lagoons into which a weary, muddy Nile has evaluating data. Each has combined long emptied itself at the end of its long odyssey from personal observation and experience in his tropical Africa. foreign area with advanced studies relating to it. The thin, gray sliver stretching out on the CHA~~LESE'. GALLAGHER, the author of left is Suez, still the alimentary canal of an oil- this report, is based in Tangier and makes dependent world. Directly below is a checkerboard occ,~sionalvisits to the Middle East to write landscape of green fertility and mud-brown vil- about affairs of the Arab world. Upon com- lages, floating like lotus flowers in a giant pond pleting a five-year program of Islamic whose triangular shape can just be made out- -the studies, Mr.
    [Show full text]
  • University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY in CONTEMPORARY EGYPTIAN
    This dissertation has been microfilmed exactly as received 66-6296 SIDA, Youssef Mohamed Ali, 1922- ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY IN CONTEMPORARY EGYPTIAN MURALS, WITH AN ESSAY ON ARAB TRADITION AND ART. The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1965 Fine Arts University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan ARABIC CALLIGRAPHY IN CONTEMPORARY EGYPTIAN MURALS .WITH AN ESSAY ON ARAB TRADITION AND ART DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Youssef Mohamed Ali Sida, M. Ed. 4c * * * * * The Ohio State University 1965 / Approved by ) Adviser School of Fine and Applied Arts ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I wish to acknowledge my deepest gratitude to the professors and friends who encouraged and inspired me, who gave their pri­ vate time willingly, who supported me with their thoughts whenever they felt my need, and especially to all the members of my Graduate Committee, Professor Hoyt Sherman, Professor Franklin Ludden, Professor Francis Utley, Professor Robert King, and Professor Paul Bogatay. ii CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS.............................. ii ILLUSTRATIONS................................................................................... v INTRODUCTION................................................................................... 1 Chapter I. CONTEMPORARY ART OF THE UNITED ARAB REPUBLIC.............................. 4 The Pioneers of Contemporary Egyptian Art Artists of the School of Fine Arts Artists of the School of Decorative Arts (The School of Applied Arts) The "free artists" The Pioneers of Art Education The Pioneers of Art Criticism The Art Movements Types of Contemporary Art Criticism in the United Arab Republic Summary H. ARA B NA TIONALISM AND ARA B CULTURE................ 21 Definition of nationalism Arab Faith and Culture The Influence of Cultures The Islam Influence on the Arts Summary Chapter Page m.
    [Show full text]
  • Timeline of the Cold War
    Timeline of the Cold War 1945 Defeat of Germany and Japan February 4-11: Yalta Conference meeting of FDR, Churchill, Stalin - the 'Big Three' Soviet Union has control of Eastern Europe. The Cold War Begins May 8: VE Day - Victory in Europe. Germany surrenders to the Red Army in Berlin July: Potsdam Conference - Germany was officially partitioned into four zones of occupation. August 6: The United States drops atomic bomb on Hiroshima (20 kiloton bomb 'Little Boy' kills 80,000) August 8: Russia declares war on Japan August 9: The United States drops atomic bomb on Nagasaki (22 kiloton 'Fat Man' kills 70,000) August 14 : Japanese surrender End of World War II August 15: Emperor surrender broadcast - VJ Day 1946 February 9: Stalin hostile speech - communism & capitalism were incompatible March 5 : "Sinews of Peace" Iron Curtain Speech by Winston Churchill - "an "iron curtain" has descended on Europe" March 10: Truman demands Russia leave Iran July 1: Operation Crossroads with Test Able was the first public demonstration of America's atomic arsenal July 25: America's Test Baker - underwater explosion 1947 Containment March 12 : Truman Doctrine - Truman declares active role in Greek Civil War June : Marshall Plan is announced setting a precedent for helping countries combat poverty, disease and malnutrition September 2: Rio Pact - U.S. meet 19 Latin American countries and created a security zone around the hemisphere 1948 Containment February 25 : Communist takeover in Czechoslovakia March 2: Truman's Loyalty Program created to catch Cold War
    [Show full text]