Downsview Park
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Rubrique Paysage urbain, collectivité viable EUE y A Su Urban Landscape, Liveable Community Series Numéro 1 A SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITY FOR THE 21ST CENTURY – DOWNSVIEW PARK Tony Genco 1. INTRODUCTION When the Government of Canada institution commissioned by the government of announced the closure of Canadian Forces Base Canada whose mandate requires that it be self- (CFB) Toronto in 1994 it stipulated that “the financing and which is prohibited from making any existing DND-owned lands associated with the appropriation of public funds. Downsview site will be held in perpetuity and in trust primarily as a unique urban recreational Downsview Park will be a leading edge greenspace for the enjoyment of future sustainable community. It will set 21st century generations” (Government of Canada, 1994). standards for excellence in landscape architecture design, recreation, urban planning and sustainable The Downsview Lands consist of 260.6 development. Its goals are to define green hectares (644 acres) of federally owned land development, implement green technologies and located in the northwest portion of the City of promote green business and offer in the City of Toronto in the geographic centre of the Greater Toronto, for the people of Canada, a wonderful Toronto Area. Downsview Park is the name given place to showcase environmental social and to the entire community built on 231.5 hectares economic sustainability. (572 acres). It includes public open space, recreational, cultural, residential, commercial, Sustainability is implicit in the mandate given institutional, sports and entertainment uses, to PDP by the Government of Canada, but is developed according to the principles of found at the core of PDP’s interpretation of its environmental, economic, and social sustainability. mandate. It is the one word which best captures the essence of the vision of Downsview Park. More than 130 hectares (320 acres) of the That vision is to create a community that is a total land area are earmarked for park and showcase of sustainability for the world. The recreational activities. Approximately 102 hectares vision states: “Downsview Park is a unique (252 acres) will be dedicated to opportunities that urban recreational greenspace, a safe and complement these activities while providing peaceful place, developed according to the revenue to finance the construction, development principles of environmental, economic and social and management of the Downsview Park sustainability, for Canadians to enjoy in all Sustainable Community. Parc Downsview Park seasons. The park reflects Canada’s mosaic (PDP) is a public sector brilliance and celebrates its past present and future accomplishments.” Coordonnées de l’auteur : Tony Genco, Parc Downsview Park Inc., Toronto, Ontario (Canada), [email protected] ENVIRONNEMENT URBAIN / URBAN ENVIRONMENT, volume 1, 2007, p. b-1 à b-8. EUE y A Sustainable Community for the 21st Century y b-2 Experts from diverse disciplines recognize its use by jet fighters of the Royal Canadian Air Force sustainability as the development strategy for the 21st and buildings were expanded. century. A sustainable community fosters the interdependence of social, ecological, and economic After the war, the government recognized the well-being. A balance among the three components Downsview Lands strategic importance with its enables each component to achieve its maximum proximity to Toronto's industry and infrastructure. potential (Peck, 2005). PDP plans to create that Downsview was considered by the government to be balance through the integration of common elements well suited as an air station and logistical support base among the various land uses across Downsview Park. because of the existing airfield and hangar facilities A ‘Sustainable Community’ makes choices that (Czerniak, 2002). simultaneously enhance or maintain the wellbeing of both people and ecosystems while not placing The idea of transforming the Downsview Lands unbearable burdens—environmental, economic, or into a national urban park was first advanced in 1994 social—on future generations. To achieve this vision as the closure of the military base was being all community members, individuals groups and contemplated. The site was seen as a large organizations in all sectors need to adopt sustainability underutilized tract of land, with valuable assets as well as a core value to guide to decisions and actions. as some heritage buildings that could be renaturalized. It was also believed that it had the potential to PDP is committed to sustainability in all its become a national and international showcase for dimensions and environmental, economic and social environmental, social and economic sustainability. sustainability are in evidence in the current and planned operations and activities. Since 1996, the site has been incrementally transformed, in the perception of the members of the surrounding community as well as nationally, from a 2. DOWNSVIEW PARK HISTORY military base to a park. This transformation is both The lands where Downsview Park is located have a physical, (characterized by the replacement of the very rich history and have experienced a number of barbed wire fences that characterized the base with land uses, including agricultural production and a open, welcoming entrances) as well as attitudinal military base. These uses have also determined the (characterized by the introduction of programs and park’s physical environment. These lands have helped events designed to attract visitors to the site. shape Toronto and Canada and have made Downsview an important part of Canada as a whole. 2.1 The Creation of Parc Downsview Park Inc. Downsview is named after an 1830’s farm that was PDP Inc’s aspiration is to create a sustainable called “Downs View”, because of its high elevation and community, with a national purpose and identity, of its excellent view looking southward towards Lake great magnitude and prestige for all Canadians and to Ontario. The Downsview lands were acquired from the develop Downsview Park into a model for the world. aboriginal peoples with the Toronto Purchase in 1787. PDP was established in 1999 to formally assume In 1851, construction of the Ontario, Simcoe and responsibility for managing and developing Downsview Huron Railway began and by 1853 much of the railway Park. With the closure of CFB Toronto, the had been completed. The railway ran north through government recognized that it had an unparalleled Downsview to Lake Simcoe and Lake Huron opportunity to make a positive impact on the City of transporting passengers, freight and mail. It exists Toronto through the retention of the former base today as the Canadian National Railway, bisecting lands under federal administration. Downsview Park. Since that time great strides have been made Although Downsview was initially a small rural affirming the mandate and refining the vision of community, it soon grew to become an urban industrial Downsview Park as an environmentally, economically centre, well connected to the region by both commerce and socially sustainable community. Downsview Park and culture. De Havilland Aircraft of Canada located to represents one of the largest sustainable development Downsview in 1929 and began assembling airframes at a initiatives in Canada. Detailed, thoughtful plans are in small airfield in Downsview south of Sheppard Avenue place to achieve the vision to urbanise the site, adjacent to the railway. Later, land was expropriated improve the quality of life for the entire community from the community to enlarge the airfield and permit and serve as a model for all of Canada. EUE y A Sustainable Community for the 21st Century y b-3 In February 2004, PDP received the final national park because, unlike most of Canada’s parks, conceptual design for the Park Master Plan, which was the Downsview site does not offer an extraordinary the cornerstone for the development of Downsview landscape that needs to be preserved or protected. Park. The exciting and dynamic Plan defines the Instead, the site provides an opportunity to think character of the sustainable community and provides about what it would mean to create an entirely new the strategy and process for building the remaining urban landscape, one that had the potential to redefine parts of Downsview Park. The Plan was the humankind’s relationship with nature. culmination of a series of informal and formal stakeholder consultations held in the summer and fall The jury members unanimously selected Tree City of 2003 as well as the expertise of a multi-disciplinary as a project of incomparable vision and promise. The design team. The process originated with the Jury’s Report considered Tree City a design concept International Design Competition in May 2000 that that links current living conditions to the reality of a chose Tree City as the winning concept. contemporary urban park. It is a fascinating and cutting edge design, which will give Downsview Park The values and principles of the February 2004 worldwide recognition. It may have as much influence Park Plan are therefore driving the ambition for the on parks of the 21st century as New York’s Central overall park development. In 2005-2006, PDP began Park did for the 20th century (Czerniak, 2002). the Comprehensive Park Plan project in order to revisit and refine the February 2004 Plan for the 2.3 The Canada Forest primary public open space. In spite of the continued delay in transforming the PDP commissioned a number of technical studies lands being transferred