Original language: English AC28 Doc. 21.2 CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA ___________________ Twenty-eighth meeting of the Animals Committee Tel Aviv (Israel), 30 August-3 September 2015 Interpretation and implementation of the convention Species trade and conservation Standard nomenclature REVISED NOMENCLATURE FOR FOUR SPECIES OF BIRDS-OF-PARADISE (PARADISAEIDAE) 1. This document has been submitted by the United States of America.1 2. On March 25, 2015 the Ornithological Council (OC), a non-governmental organization in the United States, requested that the United States recommend changes to the taxonomy/nomenclature for four species found in the birds-of-paradise (Paradisaeidae) family. These nomenclature changes would no longer place these four bird species in the Paradisaeidae family. 3. The species are: Macgregor’s bird-of-paradise (Macgregoria pulchra), Loria’s bird-of-paradise or Loria’s cnemophilus (Cnemophilus loriae), the Crested bird-of-paradise or crested cnemophilus (Cnemophilus macgregorii), and the yellow-breasted bird-of-paradise or yellow-breasted cnemophilus (Loboparadisea sericea). The first three species occur in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea, while the Crested bird-of- paradise or yellow-breasted cnemophilus occurs only in Papua New Guinea. 4. The recommended new taxonomy would place Macgregor’s Bird of Paradise in the Meliphagidae family (Honeyeaters), and the other three species in the Cnemophilidae family (Satinbirds). 5. The standard CITES nomenclature for the species included in the family Paradiseidae is : Morony, J.J., Bock, W.J. & Farrand, J., Jr. (1975): Reference List of the Birds of the World. American Museum of Natural History. 207 pp. For determining the correct spellings of the scientific names of the species in the family Paradiseidae, the standard CITES reference is: Dickinson, E.C. (ed.) (2003): The Howard and Moore Complete Checklist of the Birds of the World. Revised and enlarged 3rd Edition. 1039 pp. London (Christopher Helm). 6. OC cited the following published scientific papers to support its request: - Aggerbeck, M., J. Fjeldså, L. Christidis, P.-H. Fabre, and K.A. Jønsson. 2013. Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70: 272-285. 1 The geographical designations employed in this document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the CITES Secretariat (or the United Nations Environment Programme) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The responsibility for the contents of the document rests exclusively with its author. AC28 Doc. 21.2 – p. 1 - Clements, J.F., T. S. Schulenberg, M.J. Iliff, D. Roberson, T.A. Fredericks, B. L. Sullivan, and C. L. Wood. 2014. The eBird/Clements checklist of birds of the world: Version 6.9. Online at [http://www.birds.cornell.edu/clementschecklist/download/]. Last accessed 22 March 2015. - Cracraft, J., and J. Feinstein. 2000. What is not a bird of paradise? Molecular and morphological evidence places Macgregoria in the Meliphagidae and the Cnemophilinae near the base of the corvoid tree. Proc. R. Soc. London B. 267: 233-241. - Gill, F. & D. Donsker (Eds). 2014. IOC World Bird List (v 4.4). doi : 10.14344/IOC.ML.4.4. Online at [http://www.worldbirdnames.org/bow/au_babblers/]. Last accessed 22 March 2015 - Irestedt, M., K.A. Jønsson, J. Fjeldså, L. Christidis, and P.G.P. Ericson. 2009. An unexpectedly long history of sexual selection in birds-of-paradise. BMC Evolutionary Biology 9: 235. Three of the above publications that may not be readily available on the internet are attached in an Annex to this document. 7. The United States contacted the CITES Authorities of Indonesia and Papua New Guinea to seek their views on this nomenclatural issue but, as of June 30, 2015, has not received a response. 8. The United States requests the CITES Nomenclature Specialist to evaluate the nomenclature changes recommended by the OC and provide guidance on this nomenclature matter. AC28 Doc. 21.2 – p. 2 Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70 (2014) 272–285 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Resolving deep lineage divergences in core corvoid passerine birds supports a proto-Papuan island origin a, a b,c a,d a,e Marie Aggerbeck ⇑, Jon Fjeldså , Les Christidis , Pierre-Henri Fabre , Knud Andreas Jønsson a Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate at the Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark b National Marine Science Centre, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2455, Australia c Department of Genetics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 3052, Australia d Harvard Museum of Comparative Zoology, 26 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA e Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot SL5 7PY, UK article info abstract Article history: It is well established that the global expansion of songbirds (Oscines) originated in East Gondwana Received 3 July 2013 (present day Australo-Papua), and it has been postulated that one of the main constituent groups, the Revised 26 September 2013 ‘‘core Corvoidea’’, with more than 750 species, originated in the first islands that emerged where New Accepted 28 September 2013 Guinea is now located. However, several polytomous relationships remained within the clade, Available online 11 October 2013 obstructing detailed biogeographical interpretations. This study presents a well-resolved family-level phylogeny, based on a dataset of 22 nuclear loci and using a suite of partitioning schemes and Maximum Keywords: Likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. Resolving the relationships within the core Corvoidea pro- Multi-gene phylogeny vides evidence for three well-supported main clades, which are in turn sister to the New Zealand genus Biogeography Core Corvoidea Mohoua. Some monotypic lineages, which have previously been considered Incertae sedis, are also placed Dispersal in a phylogenetic context. The well-resolved phylogeny provides a robust framework for biogeographical Island radiation analyses, and provides further support for the hypothesis that core corvoids originated in the proto- Papuan island region that emerged north of Australia in the late Oligocene/early Miocene. Thus, the core Corvoidea appear to represent a true island radiation, which successfully colonized all continents except Antarctica. Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction Core corvoids occur worldwide, and include species-rich fami- lies with almost cosmopolitan distributions as well as species poor Passerine birds (Passeriformes) comprise more than half of all or even monotypic lineages, most of which are endemic to the extant bird species (>5300 sp., Gill and Donsker, 2012). They are di- rainforests of New Guinea. The large Passerida radiation is nested vided into two major groups, Suboscines (Tyranni) and Oscines within a small assemblage of ‘‘transitional oscines’’, which appear (Passeri), based on morphology (Raikow, 1982), anatomy (Ames, to be rooted in New Guinea. The strong contemporary signature of 1971) and molecular data (Sibley and Ahlquist, 1990; Barker New Guinean taxa at the base of both the Passerida and the core et al., 2004; Hackett et al., 2008). The most basal oscine lineages Corvoidea recently led to the proposal of an origin of these radia- occur in Australia (Christidis and Schodde, 1991; Ericson et al., tions in a proto-Papuan archipelago, which later rose to become 2002; Barker et al., 2004), with some sub-radiations in adjacent is- present-day New Guinea (Jønsson et al., 2011). land regions, whereas the more terminal oscine lineages under- Two dispersal scenarios have been proposed: (i) Basal went extensive diversification and geographical expansions oscines colonised New Guinea from Australia during the leading to their contemporary global distribution (Ericson et al., Eocene–Oligocene, 25–45 million years ago (Mya), and gave rise 2002; Barker et al., 2004). The two largest clades within the oscines to an early insular core corvoid radiation, which subsequently are the Passerida (>3500 species) and an assemblage referred to as dispersed to Asia and onwards to other continents (Jønsson et al., the ‘‘core Corvoidea’’ in recent publications. The present study 2011), or (ii) the core corvoids originally evolved in Australia and focuses on the core Corvoidea that includes more than 750 species spread all other the world, by using the Malesian archipelagos as divided in 24 families (Gill and Donsker, 2012). stepping stones to reach Eurasia (Ericson et al., 2002). The latter however, would imply a greater diversity of core corvoid taxa in Australia than can be seen today, although we may envisage a Corresponding author. Address: Universitetsparken 15, DK-2100 Copenhagen Ø, ⇑ significant diversity loss due to extinction (Hawkins et al., 2005; Denmark. Byrne et al., 2011) as most of Australia changed from mesic to arid E-mail address: [email protected] (M. Aggerbeck). 1055-7903/$ - see front matter Ó 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2013.09.027 M. Aggerbeck et al. / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 70 (2014) 272–285 273 climatic conditions in the course of the upper Tertiary (Fujioka and sourced from Barker et al., (2004). Additionally, molecular data Chappell, 2010). (6–8 loci) for 3 taxa (Melampitta, Rhagologus and Pityriasis) avail- Both dispersal scenarios are plausible in view of the plate tec- able on Genbank were included. All other sequences (2–20 loci tonic models for the region. Australia was once part of the super- for 35 species) were generated de novo for this study. continent Gondwana. This broke up around 80 Mya, and the Fresh tissue samples were obtained for 35 taxa, and the DNA ex- Australian landmass started moving northwards ca 40 Mya and tracted using a standard QiagenÒ kit and sequenced by capillary collided with the Eurasian plate some 10–20 Mya (Hall, 2002, electrophoresis.