ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ... ٢١٧

ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٥، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ١، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٣ (٢٢٦-٢١٧)

ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ . spp ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ

ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ١ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻟﺰ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ٢ ١، ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩﻳﺎﺭ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ، ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﮔﻴﻼﻥ ٢، ﺍﺳﺘﺎﺩ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻮﻟﻮﮊﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ، ﺍﻳﻨﺮﺍ، ﺁﻧﮋﻩ – ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﭘﺬﻳﺮﺵ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ١٨/٤/٨٢

ﺧﻼﺻﻪ

ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ .Pseudomonas spp ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ (ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ، ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ، ﺑ ﺮﮒ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ) ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ (ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ) ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ (ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ) ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻨﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺑ ﺎ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ Stenotrophomonas maltophilia ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻉ ﺍﻳﻨﻄﻮﺭ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪﻥ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻧﻈﻴﺮ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻮﻩ ﻫﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ.

ﻭﺍﮊﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻛﻠﻴﺪﻱ : ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ، ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ،ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ، .Pseudomonas spp ، Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻣﻲ ﻳﺎﺑﻨﺪ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ Ptt ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺧﺸﻜﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ (١٦). ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ (Pseudomonas tomato pv.tomato) ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﻋﻼﻭﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻧﻴﺰ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺗﺎﻳﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻛﺎﺑﻪ (١٩٣٣) ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺷﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ (١٧). ﻣﺎﺭﻳﺎﻧﻮ ﻭ ﻣﻚ ﻛﺎﺭﺗﺮ (١٩٩٢) ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺰﺍﺭﻉ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭﺭﺍﻣﻴﻦ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺭﺣﻴﻤﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻪ Ptt ﻭ (P.syringae.pv.syrinae (Pss ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ (١). ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺯﺍﺩ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ Ptt ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻛﺜﺮ ﻧﻘﺎﻁ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﭘﺮﺍﻛﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ (١٢). ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻌﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻠﻔﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﺮﺯ ﺩﺍﺋﻤﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺁﺏ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺑﻴﻮﻟﻮﮊﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Ptt ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺣﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺪﺕ ﻃﻮﻻﻧﻲ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﻨﺪ . ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﻧﻲ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ (١٩٩٨ ) ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .. ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﺮﺟﻴﺤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻨﻲ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺘﺎﻟﻴﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺳﻮﺧﺘﮕﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﻭ ﺭﻓﺘﮕﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺮﮒ، ﺩﺭ ﺍﻣﺘﺪﺍﺩ ﺭﮔﺒﺮﮒ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﻳﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺛﺮ (P. savastanoi pv.glycinea (Psg ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ

ﻣﻜﺎﺗﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻨﺪﻩ: ﻣﺼﻄﻔﻲ ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ

٢١٨ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٥، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ١، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٣

ﻣﺴﺘﻘﻴﻢ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ . ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ .P. ، P. tomato .pv. apiii ،P. savastanoi. pv ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺬﺭ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ، P. tomato. pv. ، savastanoi. pv. passiflorae ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﺯﻳﺎﺩﻱ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﻱ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺬﺍﺭﺩ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺛﺮ philadelphi ﻭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ .P. tomato pv ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﻭ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﻴﺰ maculicola (١٤) ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ 2 ﻣﻮﺛﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ (٧) . ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻘﺎﺕ ﻛﻠﻮﻙ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ (٢٠٠٠) ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ cfu / ml ١٠٨×١ ( ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ) ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ Ptt ﺑﺎ ﺍﻟﺤﺎﻕ ﺗﺮﺍﻧﺴﭙﻮﺯﺍﻥ Tn5 ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﮊﻥ dspA ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺬﻭﺭ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻏﺬ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﻋﻤﻠﻜﺮﺩ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺗﺮﺷﺢ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺳﻮﻡ (III) ﺩﺭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠ ﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺑﻼﻙ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻨﺲ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮ ﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﻠﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻴﻠﻦ ( ﺑﻪ ﺍﺑﻌﺎﺩ ٦٠ ×٤٠ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲﻣﺘﺮ) ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ . ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ . ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮊﻧﻬﺎﻱ Pto/avrPto ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﺷﺪ. ﻫﺮ ﭘﻼﻙ ﺳﻮﺭﺍﺧﺪﺍﺭ ٣ ٢١ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Ptt ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﺟﺬﺏ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ. ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﭘﻮﺷﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺸﻢ ﺷﻴﺸﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻭﺭﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻱ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ (١٥٠ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻭﺭﻣﻴﻜﻮﻟﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﭘﻼﻙ ) ﭘﻮﺷﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﭘﻼﻙﻫﺎ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﻧﺎﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ (٦). ﺩﺭ ﺩﺳﺘﮕﺎﻩ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ٤ ﺩﺭ ٢٥ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ (١٧ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺯﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ .Pseudomonas spp ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ Ptt ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ) ﻭ ١٨ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺐ (٧ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ) ﺩﺭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﻱ hrp ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ٩٥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﭼﻬﺎﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﻧﮕﻬﺪﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻧ ﺪ. ﻧﺸﺎ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍ ﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ (ﺑﺮﮒ، ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ٦٠ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ) ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ٦٥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ٢٦ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺨﺸﻲ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ٩٥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ٢٦ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺘﻪ ﻛﺎﻧﺮﻳﺮﻭ ١ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ (١٧ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ) ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ ﻭ ٢٠ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻲ ﮔﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Ptt ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ. ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻛﺸﺖ، ﺟﻬﺖ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﺷﺐ ﻣﻨﺘﻘﻞ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺳﻄﺤﻲ، ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ٥ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻠﻮﻝ ٢- ﺟﺪﺍﺳﺎﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻠﺮﻳﺖ ﺳﺪﻳﻢ (٦/٠ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻛﻠﺮ ) ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺳﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ٢١ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﮔﺎﻧﻪ ٥ ﺑﺎﺭ ( ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ١٠ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ) ﺑﺎ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺷﺴﺘﺸﻮ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺍﺳﺘﻮﻣﺎﺷﺮ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺧﺸﻚ ﻛﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎ ، ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﺎﻏﺬﻫﺎﻱ ﺻﺎﻓﻲ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ (ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ، ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ، ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﻨﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ٣٠ ﺩﻗﻴﻘﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﻲ، ﺑﺮﮔﻬ ﺎ ﻭ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ، ﻃﻮﻗﻪ، ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ . ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ) ١ ﺗﺎ ٥ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ١- ﺗﻠﻘﻴﺢ ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﻛﺸﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻏﻠﻄﻚ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ، ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﺑﺬﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺿﺪﻋﻔﻮﻧﻲ ﺳﻄﺤﻲ ﻭ ﺧﺸﻚ ﮔﻮﺟﻪﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻟﻪ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﺷﺪﻥ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ٢ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮ ﺳﺘﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ٦-١٠ ×١ ﺭﻗﻴﻖ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ .Pseudomonas spp ﻛﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮊﻧﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ Ptt

ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ colony forming unit lachrymans ،P. tomato. pv. berberidis .2 3. plaque alveolee 4. germinator 5. stomachair 1. cannery row

ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ... ٢١٩

ﻭ ﺳ ﭙﺲ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ٥٠ (ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻟﻴﺘﺮ) ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻣﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﮔ ﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﭘﻴﭙﺖ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺤﻴﻂ (١٥) ,.King et al) ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ٨٢٠٧ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ King B ( 1954 ﻣﺤﺘﻮﻱ ٥٠ (ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻴﺘﺮ) ﺁﻧﺘﻲ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ Pseudomonas ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﻴﻮﺗﻴﻚ ﺍﻛﺘﻴﺪﻳﻮﻥ ، ﻛﺸﺖ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺗﺸﺘﻚ ، (ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ٩٥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ) ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻋﺼﺎﺭﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﻩ ﺗﺎ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ٦-١٠ ×١ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻜﺮﻭﺗﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ . ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ٨٢٠٧ Ptt ﻭ ﺗﻴﻤﺎﺭ ٥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ (ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ) ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ٣ ﺗﺸﺘﻚ ﭘﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ P.t.pv.maculicola١٧٤٠ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻧﻜﺮﻭﺯ ﻛﺎﻣﻞ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪ . ﺳﭙﺲ ﺗﺸﺘﻚ ﻫﺎﻱ ﭘﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﻣﺎﻱ ٢٧ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺎﻟﺶ ﭘﻨﺒﻪ ﺁﻏﺸﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻮﺳﭙﺎﻧﺴﻴﻮﻥ ﺳﺎﻧﺘﻴﮕﺮﺍﺩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ٧٢ ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ، ﻛﻠﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ (ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ١٠٨ ×١) ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭘﺎﺗﻮﺍﺭﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻓﻠﻮﺭﺳﻨﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻳﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍﺀ ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪﻧﺪ . ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻧﻴﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ (ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ٦٥ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ) ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺑﺮﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩ ﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﻣﻮﻝ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﻟﻜﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻜﺮﻭﺗﻴﻚ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﺑﺠﺰ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ١٦٢٠ P.t.pv.anttirrhini ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻧﻜﺮﻭﺗﻴﻚ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻧﻲ N = X . V . D. 20 ﻛﻪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻣﺪ . N = ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ X = ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻛﻠﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﻋﻼﺋﻤﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﻧﺪﺍﺩﻧﺪ (ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ١). ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ D = ﻓﺎﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ V = ﺣﺠﻢ ﺁﺏ ﻣﻘﻄﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻴﺴﻪ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﻴﻜﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ .Pseudomonas spp ﺩﺭ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﺪ ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ١ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ٣- ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴـﺰ ﺁﻣﺎﺭﻱ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻜﺪﻳﮕﺮ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﺵ ﻛﻠﻨﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺗﺸﺘﻚ ﭘﺘﺮﻱ، ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ. ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻋﺸﺎﺭﻱ ٢ - ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺪﻳﻞ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺘﻲ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻠﺖ (١٩٩٣) ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ٢١ ﺭﻭ ﺯ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ، ﻛﻨﺘﺮﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺗﻴﻜﻪ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻫﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﺭﺗﻠﺖ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﻳﻜﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ، ﺁﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﻮﺳﻴﻠﻪ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﻓﻴﺸﺮ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻮﭼﻜﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ١-٢ – ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ F ﺩﺭﺟﺪﻭﻝ ﻓﻴﺸﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍ ٨٢٠٧ Ptt ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺩ ﺍﺩﻩﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ . ﻭ ﺑﺎﻻﺧﺮﻩ ﺍﺯ ﺁﺯﻣﻮﻥ ﺩﺍﻧﻜﻦ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ (ﺷﻜﻞ ١). ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳ ﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ (١٣) ﺟﻬﺖ ﮔﺮﻭﻫﺒﻨﺪﻱ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ. ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ cfu ١٠٥ × ٥٨/٧ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ . ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ١ – ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺋﻴﻦ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ cfu ١٠٥ × ٥/١ ﻭ cfu ١٠٥ × ٧/١ .Pseudomonas spp ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ .Pseudomonas spp ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ cfu ١٠٤ × ٩/٨ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎ ﺑﻴﻦ cfu ١٠٣×٧ ﺗﺎ cfu ١٠٤×٨ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍ ٨٢٠٧ Ptt ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﻜﺮﻭﺯ ﺷﺪﻳﺪ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﺭﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ

٢٢٠ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٥، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ١، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٣

ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ١ - ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﻜﺎﺭ ﺭﻓﺘﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﻳﮋﮔﻲ ﻫﺎ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ P.t.pv.tomato ٨٢٠٧ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Lycopersicom esculentum ﺑﻮﭼﺮ ﻭ ﻫﻤﻜﺎﺭﺍﻥ(١٠)

٨٢٠٩ Tn5 : hrp:: ٨٢٠٧ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.t.pv.maculicola ١٧٤٠ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus sativus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) JN-8-5 ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus oleacea ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ١٦٥٧ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus oleacea ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) JN-8-10 ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus sativus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ١٦٤٩ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus oleacea ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ٢٧٤٤ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯBrassica nigra ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ١٧٣٨ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus oleacea ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ١٦٧٨ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus sativus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ١٦٣٧ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus sativus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ١٧٧٨ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Raphanus sativus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.t.pv.antirrhini ١٦٢٠ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Antirrhinum majus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) ١٧٢٢ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Antirrhinum majus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.t.pv.apii ١٧٢٦ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯApium gravoleolens ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.t.pv.berberidis ١٧٢٧ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ.Brebris sp ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.t.pv.passiflorae ٢٣٤٦ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯPassiflora edulis ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.t.pv.philadelphi ٢٣٩٨ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯPassiflora edulis ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.s.pv.lachrymans ٢٤٤٠ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯCucumis sativus ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ ﻭ ﻫﺎﺭﻭﻳﺰ (٢١) P.s.pv.syringae ١٧٧٧ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Euphorbia pulcherrima ﻳﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ (٢٧) ١٦٨٨ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ.Magnolia sp ﻳﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ(٢٧) ٣٧-٢٠٢٧ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺟﺪﺍ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ Pyrus cucuminus ﻳﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ(٢٧)

١-٨٨ Tn5., hrp::٣٧-٢٠٢٧ ﻳﺎﺳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ(٢٧)

ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ... ٢٢١

ﺟﺪﻭﻝ ٢ : ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﻭ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ Pseudomonas ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻟﮕﺎﺭﻳﺘﻢ (ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ /cfu) ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ P.t.pv.tomato

(٣) a ٧٢/٧ + (١ )+ ٨٢٠٧ P.t.pv.maculicola a ٧٢/٧ + + ١٧٤٠ a ٧١/٧ + + JN-8-5 ab ٦٩/٧ + + ١٦٥٧ ab ٦٨/٧ + + JN-8-10 ab ٦٧/٧ + + ١٦٤٩ ab ٦٩/٧ + - ٢٧٤٤ ab ٦٦/٧ + + ١٧٣٨ abc ٦٣/٧ + + ١٦٧٨ bc ٦/٧ + + ١٦٣٧ c ٥٥/٧ + + ١٧٧٨ P.t.pv.antirrhini d ٢٧/٧ + (٢ )- ١٦٢٠ e ٣٩/٧ + + ١٧٢٢ P.t.pv.apii ٣٠de/٧ + + ١٧٢٦ P.t.pv.berberidis ٣١de/٧ + + ١٧٢٧ P.t.pv.passiflorae ab ٦١/٧ + + ٢٣٤٦ P.t.pv.philadelphi ٣٣de/٧ + + ٢٣٩٨ P.s.pv. lachrymans ab ٦٦/٧ + + ٢٤٤٠ P.syringae bc ٦/٧ + + ١٧٧٧ abc ٦٣/٧ + + ١٦٨٨ (١)+ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ (٢) - ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ (٣) a, b, c, e ﺣﺮﻭﻑ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﺪﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ٥% ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ.

ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ cfu ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ، ٨٢٠٩ Ptt ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ١٠٣× ٩/٢ ﺗﺎ cfu ١٠٣×٢٣/١ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺷﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ cfu ١٠٢ × ٣/٤ ﺑﻮﺩ..

٢٢٢ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٥، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ١، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٣

ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻏﻴﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ٣٧-٢٠٢٧ Pss ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ (١٠٧cfu× ١٣/٢). ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍ ٨٢٠٧ Ptt ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp، ١-٨٨ Pss ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ (١٠٥ × ٧٥/٥ ) ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺋﻴﻦ cfu ١٠٥ × ٨ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﺑﺎ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ٣- ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ (١٠٥ ×٥/٩). ﺑﺎ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻳﻚ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻠﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻓﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺍﻳﻦ ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ cfu ﺷﺪﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ Ptt ﻭ Pss ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺍﻳﻦ ١٠٥ × ٣ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ، ١ -٨٨ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﻓﻠﻮﺭ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺭﺍ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Stenotrophomonas Pss ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴ ﺰﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ (cfu ١٠٢ × ٨٨/٤) maltophilia ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ ﺩﺍﺩ . ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﺗﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘ ﺮﻱ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ (ﺷﻜﻞ ٢) . ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ Pseudomonas ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ٢-٢ - ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ (cfu ١٠٧×٩) ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﭘﺨﺶ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺻﻠﻲ ﻭ ﻓﺮﻋﻲ ﺑﺘﺮﺗﻴﺐ cfu ١٠٦ × ٢ ﻭ cfu ١٠٧×١ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺑﺎ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ، ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ (ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ . ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴ ﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ) ﻭ ﺑﺨﺸﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ (ﻫﻴﭙﻮﻛﻮﺗﻴﻞ) ﺑﻴﺶ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ (cfu ١٠٧×٢/١) ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ١٥ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ، ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺮﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻭ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﻴﭽﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ. ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﻣﺮ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﺑﺪﻳﻦ ﺳﺒﺐ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍ ٨٢٠٧ Ptt ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻨﻴ ﺰﻩ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳ ﺶ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﭘﻴﺪﺍ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ (ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ، ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺮﮒ ) ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺮﻃﻮﺏ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ، ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ

ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻧﮕﺮﺩﻳﺪ.

ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ (ﺷﻜﻞ ٣) . ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ، ٨٢٠٩ Ptt ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻇﺎﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ (cfu ١٠٣×٩/٨). ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻨﻲ ، cfu ١٠٣ × ٤/٢ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ cfu ١٠٣ × ٦/١ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻏﻴ ﺮ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍ ٣٧-٢٠٢٧ Pss ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍ ٨٢٠٧ Ptt ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ (ﺷﻜﻞ ٤). ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﺷﻜﻞ ١ : ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ (٨٢٠٧) ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭ ﻣﻌﻨﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ Pseudomonas tomato pv. tomato ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺑﺨﺶ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻗ ﺒﻞ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ (ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ٥ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ).

ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ... ٢٢٣

ﺑﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﻛﺎﻫﺶ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻃﻮﻟﻲ ﺑﻮﺗﻪ ﻫﺎ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻧﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ Pst ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ . ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ . ﻋﻠﻲ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻴ ﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ . ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻧﻴﺰ ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ P.syringae ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ

ﺷﻜﻞ ٢- ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ (٣٧-٢٠٢٧) ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ . ﺑﺮﺧﻲ pv.syringae ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﻛﻪ P.syringae ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴ ﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ (ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ٥ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ). ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ (٢٢). ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ P.syringae ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﺰﺍﺭﺵ ﻛﺮﺩﻧﺪ . ﺭﻳﺰﻭﺳﻔﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﺮﺷﺤﺎﺕ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻭﻱ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺟﺬﺏ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺣﺮﺍﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ. ﺩﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﻜﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻣﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻓﻀﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﻜﻞ ٣- ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ (٨٢٠٧) ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻧﺸﻴﻢ ﻭ ﺁﻭﻧﺪﻫﺎ ﻣﺘﻤﺮﻛﺰ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ (٤). ﺍﻳﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ Pseudomonas tomato pv. tomato ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺑﻮﺿﻮﺡ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ( ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ٥ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ). ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ . Ptt ﻳﻚ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻫﻤﻪ

ﺟﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﺩﻭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﻙ ﻭ ﺑﻘﺎﻳﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﻲ ﺩﻭﺍﻡ ﻳﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻟﻲ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﻳﮕﺮ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ (٢). ﻧﺎﺣﻴﻪ ﺩﻳﮕﺮﻱ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ Ptt ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ .

ﺷﻜﻞ ٤- ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ (٣٧-٢٠٢٧) ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻛﻤﺘﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑ ﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ (ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ٥ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ). ﺑﺸﺪﺕ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺤﻞ ﻧﮕﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ. ﺩﺭ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺤﺚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﻦ cfu ١٠٣ × ١ ﺗﺎ ١٠٤ × ١ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ Ptt ﻭ Pss ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ. ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻨﻜﻪ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗ ﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﻧﺰﺩﻳﻚ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺷﺒﺎﻉ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ

٢٢٤ ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ، ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٥، ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ١، ﺳﺎﻝ ١٣٨٣

ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﻳﺶ ﻳﺎﻓﺖ . ﺩﺭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ﺩﺭ ﻣﻘﺎﻳﺴﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻴﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺣﺸﻲ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻃﻪ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ (٣). ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﭘﺲ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ cfu ١٠٧× ٥ ﺗﺸﺨﻴﺺ ﺍﺯ ٦٠ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻧﺘﻘﺎﻝ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﺎﻳﻪ ﺯﻧﻲ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺷﺪ . ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﺍﺕ ﻣﻴﻜ ﺮﻭﺳﻜﻮﭘﻲ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ، ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ ﺭﺳﻴ ﺪ ﺑﻄﻮﺭﻳﻜﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ P.syringae ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻥ hrp ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻃﻮﻗﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻳﻚ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﺭﻛﺮ ﮊﻥ LacZ ﻛﺎﻣﻼ ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ (٤). ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻳﻴﻦ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ . . ﺍﻫﻤﻴﺖ ﮊﻧﻬﺎﻱ hrp ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺗﺎﺛﻴﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻧﺨﺴﺘﻴﻦ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻱ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺑﻴﻦ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ، ﺑﺮﺍﻱ Pseudomonas ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ syringae (١٨، ٢٠) ، Xanthomonas campestris ﻳﻚ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬ ﺖ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻣﺤﺴﻮﺏ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ . pv.vesicatoria (١١) ﻭ Erwinia amylovora. (٩) ﺑﻌﺒﺎﺭﺗﻲ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ﻣﺮﻳﺴﺘﻢ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺍﻱ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﻣﺤﻘﻘﻴﻦ ﺗﺎﺋﻴﺪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ . ﺣﺮﻛﺖ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﮔﻠﺨﺎﻧﻪ ﻭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ . ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻴﺪﻫﺪ ﻛﻪ ﻳﻚ ﻻﻳﻪ ﺍﻃﺎﻗﻚ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺍﺯ ﻣﻴﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﻬﺎﻱ ﺳﺎﭘﺮﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺁﺏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﺩ . ﺗﺤﺖ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ، ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ S. maltophilia ﺑﻮﺩ . ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺯ ﺷﺪﻩ ﻭ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺭﺧﻨﻪ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻏﺎﻟﺐ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ . ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻣﺪﻩ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ . ﺑﻨﻈﺮ ﻣﻲ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻛﻪ ﺁﻟﻮﺩﮔﻲ ﺍﻭﻟﻴﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭼﻨﻴﻦ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﻧﻤﻮﺩ ﻛﻪ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺕ S.maltophilia ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺑﺬﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﻣﻲ ﮔﻴﺮﺩ (٥). ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺁﻧﺪﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻳﺠﺎﺩ ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺗﻮﺭﮊﺳﺎﻧﺲ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ S.maltophilia ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﻣﻲ ﮔﺮﺩﺩ . ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﻋﻼﺋﻢ ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻲ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻫﻮﺍﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﮔﻬﺎﻱ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﺤﺖ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﺭﻃﻮﺑﺖ ﻧﺴﺒﻲ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻣﻲ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻌﻠﺖ ﺑﺴﻴﺎﺭ ﺑﺎﻻﻳﻲ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﻧﻤﺎﻳﺪ . ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑ ﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﻏﻠﻈﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﻱ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻤﻖ ﺑﺎﻓﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ. ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺗﻘﺮﻳﺒﺎ ﻳﻜﺴﺎﻥ ﻧﻴﺴﺖ . ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻨﺪ Ptt ﻭ Pss ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﻣﻮﺗﺎﻧﻬﺎﻱ hrp ﺑﺨﻮﺑﻲ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎﻱ ﺭﻳﺸﻪ ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺎﻱ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﻳﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻛﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﺌﻴﻦ harpin Pss ﻛﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﮊﻧﻬﺎ ﻛﺪ ﻣﻲ ﺷﻮﺩ ﻗﺴﻤﺘﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﻩ ﮔﺮﺩﻳﺪ ﻭ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺟﻌﻴﺖ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺗﻜﺜﻴﺮ ﺳﻠﻮﻟﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺭﻭﻱ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﺎﻥ ﻣﻴﺰﺑﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻏﻴﺮ ﻣﻴﺰﺑـﺎﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﻮﺩ .

ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻊ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ REFERENCES ١. ﺷﻬﺮﻳﺎﺭﻱ ، ﺩ . ﻭ ﺡ . ﺭﺣﻴﻤﻴﺎﻥ. ١٣٧٤. ﺧﺎﻝ ﺯﺩﮔﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻳﺎﻳﻲ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﺍﻣﻴﻦ . ﺧﻼﺻﻪ ﻣﻘﺎﻻﺕ ﺩﻭﺍﺯﺩﻫﻤﻴﻦ ﻛﻨﮕﺮﻩ ﮔﻴﺎﻫﭙﺰﺷﻜﻲ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ . ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﻜﺪﻩ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻛﺮﺝ . ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ١٦٨. ٢. ﻧﻴﻚﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ، ﻡ . ١٣٨١ . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺑﻘﺎﺀ Pseudomonas syringae ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ . ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ . ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﺒﺮﻳﺰ . ﺟﻠﺪ ١١. ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ٣ . ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ٩١-٧٧ . ٣. ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ، ﻡ . ١٣٨١ . ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﺯ ﮊﻧﻬﺎﻱ ﺑﻴﻤﺎﺭﻳﺰﺍﻳﻲ ﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﻱ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﻲ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ Pseudomonas syringae. ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻭ ﻓﻨﻮﻥ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ . ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﺻﻨﻌﺘﻲ ﺍﺻﻔﻬﺎﻥ. ﺟﻠﺪ ﺷﺸﻢ . ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ. ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ٢٢٩-٢١٩ . ٤. ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ، ﻡ . ١٣٨١ . ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺍﭘﻲ ﻓﻴﺖ ﻭ ﺁﺗﺪﻭﻓﻴﺖ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Pseudomonas syringae ﺩﺭ ﮔﻴﺎﻩ ﻭ ﺧﺎﻙ . ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﺻﻨﺎﻳﻊ ﻏﺬﺍﻳﻲ . ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺩﻭﺳﻲ ﻣﺸﻬﺪ. ﺟﻠﺪ ١٦ . ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ. ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ٦٦-٥٧. ٥. ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮ ﺭ ، ١٣٨١ . ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Pseudomonas syringae ﺭﻭﻱ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻡ ﻭ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﮔﻮﺟﻪ ﻓﺮﻧﮕﻲ ﺩﺭ ﺷﺮﺍﻳﻂ ﻣﺰﺭﻋﻪ . ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﻲ . ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻩ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﮔﺮﮔﺎﻥ. ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﻬﻢ . ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ . ﺻﻔﺤﻪ ١٧١-١٥٥.

ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ﻭ ﻣﺎﻧﺴﻮ: ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺩﻳﻨﺎﻣﻴﺰﻡ ﺟﻤﻌﻴﺖ ﺑﺮﺧﻲ ﺟﺪﺍﻳﻪ ﻫﺎﻱ... ٢٢٥

٦ . ﻧﻴﻚ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﻛﺎﻇﻢ ﭘﻮﺭ ، ﻡ . ﻭ ﺡ . ﺟﻬﺎﻧﺪﻳﺪﻩ ﻛﻮﺩﻫ ﻲ. ١٣٨٢ . ﺑﺮﺭﺳﻲ ﺍﺛﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﮊﻧﻬﺎﻱ Pto/avrPto ﺭﻭﻱ ﻛﻠﻨﻴﺰﺍﺳﻴﻮﻥ ﺑﺎﻛﺘﺮﻱ Pseudomonas syringae . ﻣﺠﻠﻪ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﻛﺸﺎﻭﺭﺯﻱ ﺍﻳﺮﺍﻥ . ﺟﻠﺪ ٣٤. ﺷﻤﺎﺭﻩ ﺍﻭﻝ. 7. Babelgeto, N.M., L. Varvaro, & M. Cirulli. 1988. Epiphytic and endophytic multiplication of Pseudomonas syringae pv.tomato in susceptible and resistant tomato leaves. Phytopathol. Med. 27 :138-144. 8. Bartlett, M.S. 1937. Properties of sufficiency and statistical tests. Proc. Roy. Soc. London Series, S.,160: 268-282. 9. Barny, M.A., M.H. Guinebretiere, M.H. Marcais, J.P. Pulin, E. Coissac, & J. Laurent. 1990. Cloning of a large gene cluster involved in Erwinia amylovora CFBP 1430 virulence. Mol. Microbio. 4 (5): 777-786. 10. Boucher, C.A., F. Van Gijsegem, P. A. Barberis, M. Arlet, & C. Zischek. 1987. Pseudomonas solanacearum genes controlling both pathogenisity and hypersensitive on tobacco are clustered. Journal of Bacteriology 169 : 5626-5632. 11. Bonas, U. 1994. Hrp genes of phytopathogenic . Current Tropics in Microbiology & Immunology: Bacterial Pathogenesis of and Animal-Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms, ed. Dangl, J.L., (Springer, Berlin). 192 : 79-98. 12. Bradbury, J.F. 1986. Guid to Pathogenic Bacteria. C.A.B. International , Slough, United Kingdom. 332 p. 13. Duncan, D.B. 1955. Multiple range and multilpe of test. Biometrice. 11 : 1-42. 14. Glickmann, E. 1996. Etude biochimique et moleculaire de la production d’acide Indol –3 acetique chez Pseudomonas syringae . These Universite Paris IV. France. 254 p. 15. King, E. O., M. K. Ward, & D. E. Raney. 1954. Two simple media for the demonstration of pyocyanin and fluorescin. J.Lab. Clin. Medic. 44: 301-307. 15. Kloek, A. P., D. M. Beooks, & B. N. Kunkel. 2000. A dsbA mutant of Pseudomonas syringae exhibits reduced virulence and partial impairment of type III secretion. Mol. Plant Pathol. 1 : 139-150. 16. Hirano, S. S. & C. D. Upper. 1990. Population biology and epidemiology of Pseudomonas syringae . Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 28:155-177. 17. Hirano, S. S. & C. D. Upper. 1991. Bacterial community dynamics. P.271-294. In J.H. Andrews and S.S. Hirano (ed) Microbial ecology of leaves. Springer-Verlag. New Yourk. 18. Huang, H., C. Lin, R. H. Chang, C. J. Collmer & W.L. Deng. 1995. The complet hrp gene cluster of Pseudomonas syringae pv.syringae 61 includes two blocks of gene required for Harpin Pss secretion that are arranged colineary with Yersina ysc homologs. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 8 : 733-746. 19. Lindgren, P.B. 1997. The role of hrp genes during plant-bacterial interactions. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol.35: 129-152. 20. Mariano, R. I. R. & S. M. McCarter. 1992. Epiphytical of survival of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato and weeds species. Fitopathol. Brasilia. 16 : 86-92. 21. Manceau, C. & A. Horvais. 1997. assessment of genetic diversity among strain of Pseudomonas syringae by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis ofrRNA operons with special emphasis on P.s.pv.tomato. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63: 498-505. 22. Niepold, F., D. Anderson, & D. Mills. 1985. Cloning determinants of pathogenesis from Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae. Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA. Vol. 82 : 406-410. 23. Schneider, R. W. & G. Grogan. 1977. Tomato leaf trichomes a habitat for resident population of Pseudomonas syringae. Phytopathology. 67: 898-902. 24. Okabe, N. 1933. Bacterial disease of plants occuring in Formosa. II. Bacterial leaf spot of tomato. J. Soc. Tropic. Agric. Taiwan. 5 : 26-36. 25. Shafique, H. L. Taxonomie des Pseudomonas phytopathogen du groupe de Pseudomonas syringae : etude phenotipique et genotipique. These . Universite d ‘Angers. France. U.F.R. des Sciences. 107pp. 26. Stefanie, E., D. Caffier, & N. Fiore. 1998. The economic impact of the bacterial blight of soybean under european agroclimatic condition. J. of Plant Pathol. Abstracts of papers . Vol. 80 (3). 27. Yassad-Carreau. S., C. Manceau, & J. Luisetti. 1994. Occurrence of specific reaction induced by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae on bean pods, lilac and pear plants. Phytopathology. 43 :528-536.

٢٢٦ Iranian, J. Agric. Sci. Vol. 35, No. 1, 2004

Population Dynamics of Certain Pseudomonas spp. Isolates under Different Relative Humidity Conditions on the Organs of Tomato

M. NIKNEJAD-KAZEMPOUR1 AND CH. MANCEAU2 1, Assistant Professor Plant Protection Dept. Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Guilan-Iran 2, Professor INRA, Station Phytobacteriology, Angers-France Accepted July, 9. 2003

SUMMARY

In this study, the dynamic population and distribution of several different isolates of Pseudomonas spp., which were genetically related, on various organs of tomato (roots, stems, crown, leavese and apex) were determined under conditions of relatively low as well as high humidity (greenhouse and growth chamber respectivily). Results showed that under conditions of high humidity bacterial colonization increased on all organs. Symptoms of bacterial speck of tomato were observed when tomato plantlets were transferred to high humidity conditions. The apex and crown showed higher levels of bacterial colonization. Multiplication rates in hrp isolates, in high humidity conditions, were significantly lower than in wild type isolates on all organs. Hrp mutant in low humidity conditions could only be identified on the crown. Dynamic population of saprophytic bacteria in greenhouse and growth chamber conditions was similar. Amongst saprophytic bacteria, most were identified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia . It is concluded on the whole that, under conditions of high humidity, bacterial multiplication rates on all organs increased leading to bacterial speck of tomato in sensitive plant organs such as leaves and fruits.

Key words: Bacterial speck of tomato, Distribution of bacteria, Relative humidity, Pseudomonas spp., Stenotrophomonas maltophilia