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Home , Chloric acid, Dinitrogen dioxide, Hydrogen ion, Hydroiodic acid, Isocyanic acid, Nitrous acid

Common Cations, Anions, , Salts and Hydrate Nomenclature Cations (positive ) Anions (negative ions) Acids (H+ and anion) H+ () H– ion + – NH4 ion F Fluoride ion…………………………………… … HF Hydrofluoric Main Group Ions Cl – Chloride ion…………………………………… … HCl Li+ ion Br – Bromide ion…………………………………… … HBr Na+ ion I – Iodide ion …………………………………… … HI Hydroiodic acid K+ ion O2– ion Rb+ ion OH– ion + 2– Cs Cesium ion O2 ion 2+ 2– Be ion S ion …………………………………… … H2S Hydrosulfuric acid Mg2 ion HS– ion Ca2+ ion Se2– Selenide Ion Sr2+ ion N3– Nitride ion 2+ – Ba ion N3 Azide ion AI3+ Aluminum ion P3– Phosphide ion Sn2+ (II) (stannous) ion As3- Arsinide ion Sn4+ Tin(IV) (stannic) ion C4– Carbide ion Pb2+ (II) (plumbous) ion CN– Cyanide ion…………………………………… … HCN Hydrocyanic Acid Pb4+ Lead(IV) (plumbic) ion Oxoanions Oxoacids 3+ – Sb (III) (antimonous) ion CIO1 Hypochlorite ion……………………………… … HCIO 5+ – Sb Antimony(V) (antimonic) ion CIO2 Chlorite ion…………………………………… … HCIO2 3+ – Bi (III) (bismuthous) ion CIO3 ion…………………………………… … HCIO3 5+ – Bi Bismuth(V) (bismuthic) ion ClO4 Perchlorate ion ……………………………… … HClO4 2– Transition metal ions SO3 ion……………………………………… … H2SO3 2+ 2– Cr (II) (chromous) ion SO4 ion …………………………………… … H2SO4 3+ – Cr Chromium(III) (chromic) ion HSO4 Hydrogen sulfate ion (bisulfate ion) 2+ 2- Mn (II) (manganous) ion S2O3 ion ……………………………… … H2S2O3 3+ – Mn Manganese(III) (manganic) ion NO2 ion ……………………………………… … HNO2 Nitrous acid 2+ – Fe (II) (ferrous) ion NO3 Nitrate ion……………………………………… … HNO3 3+ 3– Fe Iron(III) (ferric) ion PO3 Phosphite ion………………………………… … H3PO3 2+ 3– Co (II) (cobaltous) ion PO4 Phosphate ion………………………………… … H3PO4 3+ 2– Co Cobalt(III) (cobaltic) ion HPO4 (Mono)hydrogen phosphate ion 2+ – Ni (II) (nickelous) ion H2PO4 Dihydrogen phosphate ion 3+ 2– Ni Nickel(III) (nickelic) ion CO3 Carbonate ion………………………………… … H2CO3 + – Cu (l) (cuprous) ion HCO3 Hydrogen carbonate ion (bicarbonate ion) 2+ 2– Cu Copper(II) (cupric) ion C2O4 Oxalate ion …………………………………… … H2C2O4 Ag+ (I) ion NCO– ion…………………………………… … HOCN Cyanic Acid Au+ (I) (aurous) ion OCN– ion………………………………… … HNCO Au3+ Gold(III) (auric) ion SCN– ion……………………………… … HNCS 2+ 2– Zn ion CrO4 Chromate ion ………………………………… … H2CrO4 2+ 2– Cd ion Cr2O7 Dichromate ion ……………………………… … H2Cr2O7 (Di)Chromic acid 2+ – Hg2 (I) (mercurous) ion MnO4 Permanganate ion Hg2+ Mercury(II) (mercuric) ion

Salts (Made of ions, neutral in charge) # of Prefix Name: (Cation)(anion) (prefix)hydrate (If # = 0 hydrate is omitted) 1 Mono 2 Di Formula: (Cation)m(Anion)n·(#)H2O (If # = 0 H2O is omitted) Examples 3 Tri Cations on the left, anions on the right, charge must cancel 4 Tetra +2 ‐ 5 Penta Strontium Chloride = Strontium ions and Chloride ions = Sr and Cl = SrCl2 6 Hexa Multiples of polyatomic ions require parenthesis + 2‐ 7 Hepta Ammonium Sulfate = Ammonium ions and Sulfate ions = NH4 and SO4 = (NH4)2SO4 8 Octa Calcium Phosphate = Calcium ions and Phosphate ions = Ca2+ and PO 3‐ = Ca (PO ) 4 3 4 2 9 Nona of hydration (use table to left) 10 Deca copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate = CuSO4∙5H2O 11 Undeca

Common Covalent Binary Inorganic Compounds # of atoms Prefix Common Examples (element closest to fluorine goes on right) 1 Mono H2 Hydrogen N2 2 Di O2 NH3 3 Tri O3 NO Nitrogen monoxide () 4 Tetra H2O Water (Dihydrogen Monoxide) NO2 5 Penta F2 Fluorine N2O Dinitrogen monoxide () 6 Hexa HF N2O2 Dinitrogen dioxide 7 Hepta Cl2 N2O4 8 Octa HCl CO monoxide 9 Nona Br2 Bromine CO2 10 Deca I2 CCl4

Organic Nomenclature and Symbolism (Other group prefixes)(longest chain prefix)(highest bond root)(most important group suffix) Bond Order Name Drawn Root Formula Carbon has 4 bonds Carbon Chain Prefix 1 Single C-C ane C H In formula: # Systematic Common** n 2n+2 2 Double C=C ene CnH2n Groups -1 H 1 Methyl Formyl 3 Triple C≡C yne CnH2n-2 Other C-C bonds -2 H 2 Ethyl Acetyl 3 Propyl Propionyl Group Name Drawn Prefix Suffix 4 Butyl Butyryl -NH2 Amino amine 5 Pentyl Valeryl + Ammonium ion -NH3 ammonium ion 6 Hexyl Caproyl 7 Heptyl Enanthyl Carboxylic acid* Carboxyl oic acid or -COOH or -CO2H 8 Octyl Caprylyl

* 9 Nonyl Pelargonyl Carboxylate ion - - oate ion or -COO or -CO2 10 Decyl Capryl -OH Hydroxy ol Drop ‘yl’ from prefix for longest chain -F Fluoro -Cl Chloro *Include carbon in chain prefix Halogen -Br Bromo -I Iodo **Don’t use bond root (names only ane) Drop ‘o’ from carboxyl groups Aromatic Phenyl or C6H5 or -Ф or -Ph (‘ic’ and ‘ate’)

Examples Name Formula Systematic Name Common Name Formula Name Formula CH4 Methanoic acid HCO2H 1,2-Dichloroethane C2H4Cl2 Ethane C2H6 Ethanoic acid CH3CO2H CH3NH2 + Propane C3H8 Propanoic acid Propionic acid C2H5CO2H Methylammonium ion CH3NH3 Butane C4H10 Butanoic acid Butyric acid C3H7CO2H 1,3-butadiene C4H6 Pentane C5H12 Pentanoic acid Valeric acid C4H9CO2H Hydroxyethanoic acid HOCH2CO2H - CH3OH Methanoate ion Formate ion HCO2 Phenol C6H5OH - C2H5OH Ethanoate ion Acetate ion CH3CO2 - Propanol C3H7OH Propanoate ion Propionate ion C2H5CO2 Special Names Formula - Butanol C4H9OH Butanoate ion Butyrate ion C3H7CO2 C6H6 - Pentanol C5H11OH Pentanoate ion Valerate ion C4H9CO2 C6H5CH3

Most Common Formula Representations (All represent ethanol)

Example C H O CH CH OH 2 6 3 2

Condensed Molecular Name Molecular Formula Line Formula Formula