His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkla 1892-1929 CONTENTS Page Welcoming Address to the Honorary Lectures 6 Schedule of the Special Lectures by the Prince Mahidol Awardees 20089 His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkla 11 The Prince Mahidol Award &oundation 17 ÃÒ§ÇÑÅÊÁà´ç¨à¨ŒÒ¿‡ÒÁËÔ´Å 19 µÃÒÊÒÃÁÙŹԸÔÃÒ§ÇÑÅÊÁà´ç¨à¨ŒÒ¿‡ÒÁËÔ´Å ã¹¾ÃкÃÁÃÒªÙ»¶ÑÁÀ 22 Members of Board of Trustees 29 Previous Prince Mahidol Awardees (1992-2007) 31 Prince Mahidol Awardees 200849 -Professor Sergio Henrique &erreira 50 -Professor Michiaki Takahashi 52 -Professor Yu Yongxin 54 List of the Prince Mahidol Awardees Who Already Passed Away 57 Editorial Committee 58

5 Professor Sergio Henrique erreira, Professor Michiaki Takahashi, Professor Yu Yongxin, Distinguished guests, Ladies and Gentlemen. On the behalf of the &aculty of Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, I would like to welcome all of you to honor the 2008 Prince Mahidol Awardees. Professor Sergio Henrique &erreira is the Awardee in the field of Medicine; Professor Michiaki Takahashi and Professor Yu Yongxin, in the field of Public Health. The Prince Mahidol Award &oundation under the Royal Patronage was estab- lished in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkla, on 1 January 1992. The &oundation is under Royal Patronage, with Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri as president. The &oundation annually confers two Prince Mahidol Awards upon individual(s) or institution(s), which have demonstrated outstanding and exemplary contributions to the advancement of the world’s medical and public health services. Each Award consists of a medal, a certifi- cate and a sum of US $50,000. The Prince Mahidol Award 2008 in the field of medicine is conferred upon Professor Sergio Henrique &erreira, Department of Pharmacology, University of Sao Paulo, and the Prince Mahidol Award 2008 in the field of public health is jointly awarded to Professor Michiaki Takahashi, Osaka University, Osaka, and Professor Yu Yongxin, Director Emeritus, National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological WELCOMING ADDRESS Products, People’s Republic of . TO In 2008, there are a total of 49 nominations from 19 countries. The Scien- tific Advisory Committee carefully screened all candidates from the year 2008, 2007, THE HONORARY LECTURES and 2006 and then submitted a short list of the candidates to the International Award BY THE 2008 PRINCE MAHIDOL AWARDEES Committee who scrutinized and made a recommendation to the Board of Trustees. by H.R.H. Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn presided over the meeting of the Board of Trustees on 3 November 2008 in which the final decision on the Prince Mahidol Award Teerawat Kulthanant, M.D. 2008 was made. In the past 16 years, 48 individuals, groups of individuals, and Dean and Clinical Professor of Orthopedic Surgery institutions have received the Prince Mahidol Award. Among them, two subsequently .aculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University

6 7 received the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, namely Professor Dr. Barry James The Special Lectures by the Prince Mahidol Awardees 2008 Marshall and Professor Dr. Harald zur Hausen. January 27, 2009 Their Majesties the King and Queen of have graciously consented to At the Atitiyadhonkitikhun Conference Room preside over the Presentation Ceremony of the Prince Mahidol Award 2008 at the Siamindhra Building, 7th *loor *aculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University Chakri Throne hall on Wednesday, 28 January 2009 at 17.30 hours. Prior to the Bangkok, Thailand Ceremony, Siriraj Hospital, as a founder of the Prince Mahidol Award &oundation, will invite the 2008 Prince Mahidol Awardees to give lectures based on their achievement. 1.30 pm Welcome Ceremony The award in the field of Medicine goes to Professor Sergio Henrique &erreira, 1.35 pm Opening address Department of Pharmacology, &aculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao by Clinical Professor Teerawat Kulthanan Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. Dean of the &aculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital Professor &erreira’s contribution to science have been recognized worldwide. 1.40 pm History and Results of the Prince Mahidol Award 2008 The angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors (ACEI) and Cox-2 inhibitors are currently by Clinical Professor Supat Vanichakarn, Secretary General of the Prince Mahidol Award &oundation among the most widely used to relieve pain and inflammatory conditions, saving lives of 1.50 pm Prince Mahidol Awardees 2008 Lecture: Understanding Peripheral Analgesics millions of patients around the world. by Professor Sergio Henrique &erreira The Award in the field of Public Health goes to Professor Michiaki Takahashi, introduced by Associate Professor Supornchai Kongpatanakul Director, The Research &oundation for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, 2.20 pm Prince Mahidol Awardees 2008 Lecture: Development of a Live Varicella Japan, and Professor Yu Yongxin, Director Emeritus, &irst Department of Viral Vaccine, Vaccine National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, People’s by Professor Michiaki Takahashi introduced by Professor Ruengpung Sutthent Republic of China. 2.50 pm Prince Mahidol Awardees 2008 Lecture: Development and Application of JE Professor Takahashi’s work is development and clinical application of vari- Attenuated Live Vaccine in China cella vaccine. The vaccine helps relieve physical and mental pain of the patients as by Professor Yu Yongxin well as reduce the death rate of patients with chicken pox, particularly millions of introduced by Associate Professor Nirun Vanprapar children from all over the world. 3.20 pm Questions and Answers Professor Yu’s work is research and development of a life-attenuated Japa- 3.30 pm Closing Ceremony nese encephalitis (SA 14-14-2 JE) vaccine. The vaccine contributes to prevention of the by Clinical Professor Teerawat Kulthanan Dean of the &aculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital disease with no cure. His efforts helped ensure that millions of patients in Asia would avoid death and disability caused by the disease. High Tea Without any further undue, Ladies and Gentlemen, it is my pleasure to wel- come you special lectures from our honorary Prince Mahidol Awardees.

8 9 His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkla 1892-1929 HIS ROYAL HIGHNESS PRINCE MAHIDOL O* SONGKLA His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol of Songkla was born on January 1 st, 1892, to Their Majesties King Chulalongkorn and Queen Savang Vadhana. He was brought up in his formative years according to the Royal Thai tradition and ordained as a Buddhist novice like his brothers before receiving his education at Harrow, a re- nowned Public School in England. He then proceeded to to continue his studies in accordance with the wishes of his father who was a close friend of Emperor William II. Prince Mahidol first attended the Royal Prussian Military Preparatory College at Potsdam which also offered courses on humanities and sciences in addition to military science. This liberal education background as well as self-study and sedulous visits to museums during that period together helped to form the intellectual and philo- sophical basis of his attitude and personality. Prince Mahidol subsequently attended the Imperial Military Academy atGross Lichterfelde in Berlin for two more years. He then followed the wishes of His Majesty King Vajiravudh by entering the Nurwik Imperial German Naval Academy at &lensbourg in 1912. In that year, Prince Mahidol was commissioned by His Majesty King Vajiravudh as Lieutenant in the Royal Thai Navy. He was concurrently commissioned as a Lieutenant in the Imperial German Navy. Prince Mahidol completed his naval study but was pre- vented from joining the Imperial German Navy since he was instructed by His Majesty King Vajiravudh to return to Thailand at the outbreak of the &irst World War. H.R.H. Prince Mahidol with H.R.H. The Princess Mother After a year’s service in the Royal Thai Navy, Prince Mahidol resigned, with and his daughter Princess Galyani Vadhana His Majesty King Vajiravudh’s permission, to pursue a civilian career. This was both the sciences was upgraded. Here, Prince Mahidol placed special emphasis on medical decisive turning point in his personal life and a momentous national event signalling education, public health, nursing, and medical research. His initiative and effort pro- his lasting contributions to the advancement of higher education, especially in the fields duced a most remarkable and lasting impact on the improvement of modern medicine of basic sciences, public health, medicine, nursing and medical research. and public health in Thailand such that he was subsequently honoured with the title of Prince Mahidol had noted, while serving in the Royal Thai Navy, the serious “&ather of Modern Medicine and Public Health”. need for improvement in the standard of medical practitioners and public health in In implementing his plan for institutional development in these areas, Prince Thailand. In undertaking such mission, Prince Mahidol set in motion a whole range of Mahidol decided to study public health and medicine himself. Upon leaving the Royal activities in accordance with his conviction that human resources development at the Thai Navy, he proceeded to the United States and enrolled at Harvard University in national level was of utmost importance and his belief that improvement of public 1916. In spite of having to shuttle between Harvard for his study and Thailand for his health constituted an essential factor in national development. One of his primary tasks official duties and work as well as his ill health, Prince Mahidol managed to concentrate was to lay a solid foundation for teaching basic sciences which Prince Mahidol pursued on his study. He succeeded and received the Certificate of Public Health in 1921, the through all necessary measures. These included the provision of a considerable sum of degree of Doctor of Medicine (cum laude) in 1928 and the honour of Alpha Omega his own money as scholarships for six talented students to study physics, chemistry and Alpha membership. During the first period of his residence at Harvard, Prince Mahidol biology in England. Upon their return, these students formed the core of well-qualified also negotiated and concluded, on behalf of the Royal Thai Government, an agreement teaching staff in basic sciences which the country had hitherto lacked. Once the teach- with the Rockefeller &oundation on assistance for medical and nursing education in ing of basic sciences was well established, the teaching of other fields of applied Thailand.

12 13 During his stay in Thailand after receiving his C.P.H. in 1921, Prince Mahidol decided to leave the establishment he loved and had tolled for, to work as a resident was appointed Director-General of the University Department, Ministry of Education. In doctor at McCormick Hospital, an American missionary hospital in Chiang Mai. Leaving that capacity, he implemented the assistance from the Rockefeller &oundation. He his family behind in Bangkok, Prince Mahidol stayed with Dr. E.C. Cord, Director of upgraded the teaching of biology, physics and chemistry through curricula development, McCormick Hospital, and performed operations alongside Dr. Cord. As ever, Prince acquisition of up-to-date equipment, and construction of laboratories and classrooms. To Mahidol did much more than was required in attending his patients, taking care of meet these and many other expenses in the expansion of the medical school, Prince needy patients at all hours of the day and night, and even, according to records, Mahidol generously supplemented government budget with his own personal fund, and donating his own blood for them. secured donations from members of the Royal &amily. In implementing his institutional &inally, Prince Mahidol was able to accomplish, through his determination development plan for the improvement of the teaching of basic sciences and pre- and effort, an affirmation of the noble principle of dignity and worthiness of everyone as medical education, Prince Mahidol mobilized all available resources, including teach- human being, irrespective of social origin, property, birth or other status. During the last ing vertebrate anatomy himself. But it was in his capacity as Chairman of the Committee days of his life and still continuing to fulfill his noble and zealous mission, Prince to establish the Siriraj School of Medicine that Prince Mahidol demonstrated his capa- Mahidol took temporary leave to Bangkok in order to attend the funeral of a senior bility and farsightedness as an educational planner, as well as his efficiency as an member of the Royal &amily. He never returned. He had been suffering from a severe institutional builder. kidney disease, for which he was once hospitalized while at Harvard, and refraining from After discharging his official duties and working as an educator, Prince Mahidol disclosing to his family that he only had almost a year to live. The nation mourned a went back to Harvard and returned home with his well-earned M.D. (cumlaude) in great man’s death at young age of 37 years, 8 months, and 23 days. 1928. Back again at Siriraj Medical School, he taught preventive and social medicine The resounding message affirming the dignity and the value of life, so to final year medical students. However, he was not permitted to serve an internship forcefully translated into action by Prince Mahidol, was enunciated in 1948 with the because of his pre-eminent royal status as a celestial Prince. Thus, to overcome this United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. obstacle and to enable him to personally help the sick and bereaved, Prince Mahidol

Siriraj Hospital during the initial phase Residence of H.R.H. Prince Mahidol at the McCormick Hospital, Chiang Mai

14 15 Siriraj Hospital at present

His teaching of the spirit of brotherhood towards all human beings without discrimination of any kind is well-known. Many of his exhortations and pronouncements given to his medical students have been highly respected for their wisdom and their eternal moral values. &or instance: “I do not wish you to be only a doctor, but I also want you to be a human being.” “Real success exists not in learning but in its application for the benefit of mankind.’ Prince Mahidol’s humanistic attitude and idea permeated the lives of his consort, Her Royal Highness The Princess Mother, his eldest daughter Her Royal High- ness Princess Galyani Vadhana, his first son His Majesty King Ananda Mahidol, and his THE PRINCE MAHIDOL AWARD youngest son His Majesty the King as well as all members of His Majesty’s family, by motivating each and all of them alike to be selfless, acting on the principle that each of %OUNDATION us, without discrimination, has human dignity and worth, ardently devoted to the better- ment of health, happiness, and well-being of the sick, the poor and the deprived. In the words of Professor A.G. Ellis, a former Dean of Siriraj Medical School, “Prince Mahidol was born to make the world a better place.”

16 The Prince Mahidol Award &oundation was established on January 1st, 1992 in commemoration of the centenary of the birth of His Royal Highness Prince Mahidol. ÃÒ§ÇÑÅÊÁà´ç¨à¨ŒÒ¿‡ÒÁËÔ´Å (Prince Mahidol Award) The &oundation is under Royal Patronage, with Her Royal Highness Princess Maha Chakri Sirindhorn as the president. 1. ËÅÑ¡¡ÒÃáÅÐà˵ؼŠThe Award ´ÇÂnj ¹·Ñ Õè 1 Á¡ÃÒ¤Á 2535 ໹ǚ ¹¤ÃºÃ꼄 100 » ‚ á˧¡ÒþÃÐÃÒª‹ Two Prince Mahidol Awards are conferred annually upon individuals or insti- ÊÁÀ¾¢Í§ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐÁËÔµÅÒ¸ÔàºÈà ʹØÅÂà´ªÇÔ¡ÃÁ ¾ÃкÃÁÃÒªª¹¡ tutions which have demonstrated outstanding and exemplary contributions to the ad- ¾Ãм·Ã§ºÙŒ Òà¾í ­»ÃÐâª¹ç µ Íǧ¡ÒÃᾷ‹  ¡ÒÃÊÒ¸ÒÃ³Ê¢Ø ¡ÒþÂÒºÒÅ ¡ÒÃàÀʪ¡ÃÃÁÑ vancement of medicine, public health and human services throughout the world. Each ·Ñ¹µÈÖ¡ÉÒ ¡ÒûÃÐÁ§ ¡Í§·Ñ¾àÃ×Í áÅСÒÃÈÖ¡ÉҢͧ»ÃÐà·È໚¹¤Ø³Ù»¡Òà award consists of a medal, a certificate, and the sum of US$ 50,000. â´Â੾ÒÐÍÂҧ‹ §à¡Ôè ÂÇ¡Õè º¡ÒÃá¾·ÂÑ ¢Í§»ÃÐà·Èä·Â ·Ã§·Ò¹í ºØ ÒÃí §âçàÃØ Â¹á¾·ÂÒÅÕ ÂÑ Nomination áÅÐâç¾ÂÒºÒÅÈÔÃÔÃÒªãˌ·Ñ¹ÊÁÑ ·Ñ´à·ÕÂÁ¡ÑºÍÒûÃÐà·È â´Â¡ÒÃʋ§á¾·Â An individual or group of individuals or an institution may be nominated by national medical or health authorities or by individual or group of individuals in non- ¾ÂÒºÒÅä»È¡ÉÒµÖ Íµ‹ Ò§»ÃÐà·È´‹ ǾÃÐÃÒª·ÃŒ ¾ÂÑ Ê ǹ¾ÃÐͧ¤‹  Í¡·Õ §¾ÃÐÃÒª·Ò¹Ñé governmental capacity as candidates for the award. Nominations are submitted to the ¾ÃÐÃÒª·ÃѾʋǹ¾ÃÐͧ¤ÊÌҧÍÒ¤ÒÃàÃÕ¹áÅÐËͼٌ»†Ç ÃÇÁ·Ñ駷ç໚¹ Secretary General of the Prince Mahidol Award &oundation before May 31st each year. ¼ÙŒá·¹ÃÑ°ºÒÅä·Âà¨Ã¨Ò¡ÑºÁÙŹԸÔÃçͤ¡Õéà¿ÅàŋÍÏ ãˌÁÒª‹ÇÂàËÅ×Í»ÃѺ»Ãا Screening and Selection ¡ÒÃᾷ¢ͧä·Â ໹¡ÒÃÇÒ§ÃÒ¡°Ò¹ã˚ ¡ÒÃᾷŒ ¢Í§ä·Âà¨Ã ­ÃÔ §àÃ؋ ͧ·× ´à·Ñ ÂÁÕ The Secretary General of the Prince Mahidol Award &oundation transmits all ¡ÑºÍÒûÃÐà·Èã¹»¨¨˜ ºØ ¹Ñ ¨¹ä´ÃŒ º¡ÒöÇÒ¾ÃÐÃÒªÊÁÑ ­­ÒÇÑ Ò‹ “¾Ãк´ÒáËÔ §‹ nomination forms to the Chairman of the Panel of Scientific Advisors for initial screen- ing. Once approved by the Panel of Scientific Advisors, the nomination forms are for- ¡ÒÃá¾·Â  á¼¹»˜¨¨ØºÑ¹¢Í§ä·Â” warded to the International Award Committee which comprises a number of world- ¤³Ðá¾·ÂÈÒʵÏÈÔÃÔÃÒª¾ÂÒºÒÅ ÁËÒÇÔ·ÂÒÅÑÂÁËÔ´Å ÃٌÊÖ¡ÊíÒ¹Ö¡ renowned experts in the fields of medicine and public health. Members of this commit- tee are John Evans (), Joshua Lederberg (USA), Nevin Scrimshaw (USA), Visith ã¹¾ÃÐÁËÒ¡ÃسҸԤسáˋ§ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐÁËÔµÅÒ¸ÔàºÈà ʹØÅÂà´ªÇÔ¡ÃÁ ¾ÃкÃÁ Sitprija (Thailand), Cesar Milstein (England), Sune Bergstrom (), Aree Valyasevi ÃÒªª¹¡ ໚¹ÅŒ¹¾Œ¹àÊÁÍÁÒ (Thailand), Prawase Wasi (Thailand), Natth Bhammarapravati (Thailand), Donald ã¹ÇâáÒÊ·ÕèÇѹ¤ÅŒÒÂÇѹ¾ÃÐÃÒªÊÁÀ¾ã¹ÊÁà´ç¨¾ÃÐÁËÔµÅÒ¸ÔàºÈà Henderson (USA), V. Ramalingaswami (), and &rederick C. Robbins (USA). The International Award Committee considers and recommends names of the proposed Í´ÅÂà´ªÇØ ¡ÃÁÔ ¾ÃкÃÁÃÒªª¹¡ ¤Ãº 100 » ‚ ã¹Ç¹·Ñ Õè 1 Á¡ÃÒ¤Á ¾.È. 2535 awardees to the Board of Trustees of the Prince Mahidol Award &oundation for final ¤³Ðá¾·ÂÈÒʵÃȏ ÃÔ ÃÒª¾ÂÒºÒÅÔ ÁËÒÇ·ÂÒÅÔ ÂÁËÑ ´ÅÔ âç¾ÂÒºÒÅÈÃÔ ÃÒªÔ à˹à»ç ¹š approval. âÍ¡ÒÊÍѹ´Õ ÊÁ¤ÇèÐʹͧ¾ÃÐÁËÒ¡ÃسҸԤسãˌ¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõÔÂÈÂ׹§ÍÂً㹠Award Ceremony Ἃ¹´Ô¹¹ÕéáÅÐἋ¢¨Ã¢¨ÒÂä»·ÑèÇâÅ¡ ¤³Ðá¾·ÂÈÒʵÏÈÔÃÔÃÒª¾ÂÒºÒÅ ¨Ö§ä´Œ The Prince Mahidol Award Ceremony normally takes place in Bangkok in ¢Í¾ÃÐÃÒª·Ò¹¾ÃкÃÁÃҪҹحҵ¨Ñ´§Ò¹à©ÅÔÁ¾ÃÐà¡ÕÂõԢÖé¹ â´ÂÁÕÃÑ°ºÒÅ໚¹ January each year. The ceremony is presided over by His Majesty the King. &or the present year the ceremony is held on January 28th at the The Chakri Maha Prasat Throne ਌ÒÀÒ¾ áÅФ³Ðá¾·ÂÈÒʵÏÈÔÃÔÃÒª¾ÂÒºÒÅ໚¹á¡¹¡Åҧ㹡ÒèѴ§Ò¹¤ÃÑ駹Õé Hall within the Grand Palace.

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26 27 º·àºç´àµÅç´ MEMBERS O* BOARD O* TRUSTEES ¢ŒÍ 35 ¡ÒõդÇÒÁã¹µÃÒÊÒâͧÁÙÅ¹Ô¸Ô Ëҡ໚¹·ÕèʧÊÑ ãˌ¤³Ð¡ÃÃÁ¡ÒÃÁÙÅ¹Ô¸Ô â´ÂàÊÕ§¢ŒÒ§ÁÒ¡¢Í§¨íҹǹ¡ÃÃÁ¡Ò÷ÕèÁÕÍÂً ໚¹¼ÙŒªÕé¢Ò´ 1. H.R.H. PRINCESS MAHA CHAKRI SIRINDHORN PRESIDENT ¢ŒÍ 36 㹡óյÃÒÊÒâͧÁÙŹԸÔÁÔ䴌¡íÒ˹´änj ãˌ¹íÒº·ºÑ­­ÑµÔNjҴŒÇÂÁÙŹԸÔã¹ 2. DEAN, &ACULTY O& MEDICINE SIRIRAJ HOSPITAL, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY VICE PRESIDENT »ÃÐÁÇÅ¡®ËÁÒÂᾋ§áÅоҳԪÁÒ㪌ºÑ§¤Ñº 3. SUPAT VANICHAKARN, M.D. SECRETARY GENERAL ¢ÍŒ 37 ÁÙŹԸԹÕé¨ÐäÁ‹¡ÃзíÒ¡ÒäŒÒ¡íÒäà áÅШÐäÁ‹´íÒà¹Ô¹¡Òù͡à˹×Í仨ҡ·Õè 4. HIS MAJESTY’S PRINCIPAL PRIVATE SECRETARY µÃÒÊÒáíÒ˹´änj 5. MR. LORD CHAMBERLAIN 6. PERMANENT SECRETARY, MINISTRY O& &OREIGN A&&AIRS 7. PERMANENT SECRETARY, MINISTRY O& PUBLIC HEALTH 8. PERMANENT SECRETARY, COMMISSION ON HIGHER EDUCATION 9. PRESIDENT, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY COUNCIL 10. PRESIDENT, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY 11. PRESIDENT, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY 12. PRESIDENT, PRINCE SONGKLANAKHARIN UNIVERSITY 13. DEAN, &ACULTY O& MEDICINE, CHULALONGKORN UNIVERSITY 14. DEAN, &ACULTY O& MEDICINE, RAMATHIBODI HOSPITAL, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY 15. DEAN, &ACULTY O& PUBLIC HEALTH, MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY 16. DIRECTOR GENERAL, DEPARTMENT O& IN&ORMATION, MINISTRY O& &OREIGN A&&AIRS 17. DIRECTOR, INTERNATIONAL HEALTH DIVISION, MINISTRY O& PUBLIC HEALTH 18. M.R. KASEM S. KASEMSRI 19. PRAWASE WASI, M.D. 20. PRADIT CHAREONTHAITAWEE, M.D. 21. VISITH SITPRIJA, M.D. 22. VICHARN PANICH, M.D. 23. SRICHITRA BUNNAG, M.D. 24. MR. SAKTHIP KRAIRIKSH 25. PRIVY PURSE O&&ICE GRAND PALACE 26. M.L. ANUPORN KASEMSANT

28 29 PREVIOUS PRINCE MAHIDOL AWARDEES 1992 - 2007 1992 1993

Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll, UK Professor John B Stanbury, USA Professor of Medicine, University of Oxford, and Professor, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. Honorary Physician, Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, UK. Contribution to the studies of iodine deficiency and diseases Outstanding research on the relationship between smoking of the thyroid, and organizing a prevention and control and disease. project against iodine deficiency for South American Coun- tries.

Professor Chen Minzheng, China Doctor Ciro de Quadros, Brazil Professor in Internal Medicine with subspecialty in Gastroenterology and Digestive Senior Advisor on Immunization, Pan American Health Organization (PAHO), USA. Endoscopy, Peking Union Medical College, and Leading role in the eradication of polio from South America ormer Minister of Public Health (1992), People’s Republic of China. using the Poliomyelitis Eradication Programme. Leading role in the fight against smoking in China and outstanding contribution to the development of China’s Medical and Health Service.

32 33 1994 1995

Professor William Trager, USA *Professor Egon Diczfalusy, Sweden Professor Emeritus, Rockefeller University, USA. ormer Head, Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Karolinska Institute, Sweden, and Leading role in the fight against malaria. His outstanding Senior Consultant, WHO Special Programme of Research in Human Reproduction. work was the cultivation of malarial parasite in vitro. Outstanding work on the use of steroid hormones in control- ling the reproductive system.

*Professor Carl Djerassi, USA Professor of Chemistry, Stanford University, USA. Contribution to methodology and structure determination of steroid synthesis, leading to the synthesis the first contracep- tive hormone.

Professor Ho Wang Lee, Korea Professor of Microbiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, and Director, ASAN Institute for Life Sciences, WHO Collaborating Centre for Virus **Professor *rederick Sai, Reference and Research (Hantaviruses), Korea, and Rockefeller University, USA. Honorary Professor of Community Health, Ghana Medical School, Ghana, and Successful isolation of the Hantavirus, the etiology of President, International Planned Parenthood ederation (IPP). hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, leading to the Leading role in developing family planning in Ghana and discovery of at least five closely related hantaviruses and the other African countries. information on epidemiology, epizootology and ecology of theses viruses.

**Doctor Nafis Sadik, Executive Director, United Nation Population und (UNPA), USA. Leadership in the development of family planning policies, and improving women’s health and well being.

* Receive Medicine Award together ** Receive Public Health Award together 34 35 1996 1997

*Professor Prasong Tuchinda, Thailand *Professor Satoshi Omura, Japan ormer Chairman, Department of Pediatrics, aculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, President, Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan. Mahidol Univcersity, Thailand, and Isolation of Streptomyces avermitilis, leading to the discovery Dean, aculty of Medicine, Rangsit University, Phya-Thai II Hospital, Thailand. of avermectin and ivermectin, a specific medicine for Contribution on finding an effective treatment of Dengue Haemorrhagic &ever (DH&) by conducting researches to onchocerciasis. understand the etiology, pathophysiology, and immunopathogenesis of DH& *Doctor Roy P Vagelos, USA Chairman Board of Trustees, University of Pennsylvania, USA, and ormer President and Chief Executive Officer, Merck & Co., USA *Doctor Suchitra Nimmannitya, Thailand Role in the production and free contribution of ivermectin to Staff member, Children’s Hospital, Thailand treat onchocerciasis in Africa and Central America, leading ormer President, Pediatric Society of Thailand, to the prevention of blindness from this disease and improv- Lecturer, aculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol Univerisity, Thailand, and ing the quality of life for millions of peple in the endemic University of London, UK. area. Contribution on finding an effective treatment of Dengue Haemorrhagic &ever (DH&) and developing guidelines for the management of DH& which were later adopted as recommen- dations by the WHO. **Professor Alfred Sommer, USA Professor of Epidemiology, Ophthalmology and International Health, Johns Hopkins University, and ormer Dean, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, USA. Pioneering role in vitamin A supplementation researches, Professor Vincent P Dole leading to a reduction in child morbidity and mortality in Professor Emeritus, Rockefeller University, USA. Indonesia. Pioneering work on the rehabilitation of people addicted to morphine and heroin, using a chemical opium analogue; the principles of which were later adopted by WHO as models for **Doctor Guillermo Arroyave, managment of drug addiction. Member of Technical Advisor Group, International Science and Technology Institute and Vitamin A ield Support Project (VITAL), USA. Pioneering role in promoting vitamin A supplementation, leading to a reduction in child morbidity and mortality in * Receive Medicine Award together Guatemala and other Central American countries. * Receive Medicine Award together ** Receive Public Health Award together 36 37 1998 1999

*Doctor Rene G *avaloro, Professor Palmer R Beasley, USA The Instituto de Cardiologia & Cirugia Cardiovascular, undacion avaloro, Argentina. Dean and Professor of Epidemiology, Pioneering role in the development of coronary artery bypass University of Texas-Houston School of Public Health, USA. surgery. Contribution to understanding the of pathogenesis of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. He was the first who showed that immunization with hepatitis B vaccine in newborn can prevent hepatitis B infection in infant. *Doctor Harvey D White, Director, Coronary Care and Cardiovascular Research, Green Lane Hospital, and Honorary Clinical Professor of Medicine, Universtity of Aukland, New Zealand. Introduction of non-invasive thrombolytic therapy of the coronary artery. **Professor Adetokunbo O Lucas, Professor of International Health, Harvard School of Public Health, USA, and Honorary President, Alumni Association of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, UK. **Professor Kennedy * Shortridge, Conduct outstanding researches, leading to the improvement Chair-Professor, Department of Microbiology, University of Hong Kong, of health in tropical countries. Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong. Major role in rapid characterization of H5N1 influenza virus during the outbreak of the virus in Hong Kong in 1997, and working with WHO and CDC to prevent pandemic spread of the virus. **Doctor Tore Godal, Executive Sectetary, Global Alliance for Vaccine and Immunization (GAVI) of the UNICE, and UNDP/World Bank/ WHO Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases (TDR), WHO, Switzerland. **Doctor Margaret *C Chan, Hong Kong Strong commitment and selfless dedication to a special ormer Director, Health of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China, and programme for research and training in tropical diseases, Director General, WHO. which became the embodiment for the hope and survival of Leadership in controlling the outbreak of H5N1 influenza in millions of people in tropical areas. Hong Kong in 1997.

** Receive Public Health Award together * Receive Medicine Award together ** Receive Public Health Award together 38 39 2000 2001

*Professor Ernesto Pollitt, Sir David John Weatherall, UK Professor of Human Development, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Regius Professor of Medicine, Emeritus, University of Oxford, and Weatherall Institute University of California, Davis, USA. of Molecular Medicine, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK. The first to demonstrate the effect of sub-clinical iron A pioneer researcher on molecular genetics, haematology, deficiency on cognitive performance of young children. pathology and clinical medicine of thalassemia. His labora- tory and clinical findings contribute to the treatment of thalassaemic patients and antenatal diagnosis of the disease. *Professor David JP Barker, UK Director, MRC Environmental Epidemiology Unit, and Professor of Clinical Epidemiology, University of Southamton, and Consultant Physician, Southamton University Hospital, UK. Outstanding researches showing that people with low birth weight have a high risk of coronary disease, strokes, diabe- **Professor Lam Sai Kit, tes, and hypertension in adult life. Department of Medical Microbiology, aculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Malaysia. Discovery of “Nipah” virus, a paramyxovirus found in pig **Sir Richard Peto, UK causing encephalitis in human, leading to a significant Professor of Medicine, and Professor of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, impact in the management of patients, and prevention and University of Oxford, Radcliff Infirmary, UK. control of the deadly Nipah encephalitis in human Introduction the technique of meta-analysis, and performing outstanding researches leading to the use of tamoxifen as a treatment for breast cancer and researches influencing national policies against tobacco by demonstrating its harmful effects in China and many other countries. **Professor Barry Marshall, **Sir Iain Geoffrey Chalmers, UK Professor of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, Australia. Discovery of Helicobacter pylori, the infectious cause of Director, UK Cochrane Centre, peptic ulcer, leading to the change of treatment for peptic National Health Service Research and Development Programme, UK. ulcer from the consumption of antacid, H1 receptor, or &ounder of Cochrane Collaboration, an international organi- radical gastric surgery, to a short highly effective course of zation that aims to help people make well-informed decision antibiotics. about healt care by preparing, maintaining, and promoting the accessibility of systematic reviews of the effective health care intervention. ** Receive Public Health Award together * Receive Medicine Award together ** Receive Public Health Award together 40 41 2002 2003

*Professor Thomas E Starzl, USA Professor Herbert L Needleman, USA Professor of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, USA. Professor of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of Pittsburgh, School of Medicine, Pioneer of organ transplantation, developing novel tech- USA. niques in immunosuppressive therapy, organ procurement, Contribution to the understanding and prevention of child- organ preservation, tissue matching, surgical technique and hood lead poisoning through series of epidimiologic studies, team work in organ transplantation. He is the first to perform influencing public health policy and promoting the campaign liver transplantation. to reduce the use of lead in industrial products including children’s toys, interior paint, and gasoline. *Sir Roy Y Calne, UK Emeritus Professor of Surgery, Cambridge University, UK, and Professor of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore. Pioneer of organ transplantation, developing immunosuppres- sive therapy to prevent organ allograft rejection, leading to the widespread use of transplatation as a therapy for end stage organ failure.

**Doctor Maurice R Hilleman, USA Director, Merck Institute of Vaccinology, and Adjunct Professor of pediatrics, Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, USA. Leading scientist in vaccinology who has pioneered 36 licensed vaccines, leading to a reduction in death from various infectious diseases in children worldwide. China Co-operative Research Group on Qinghaosu and Its Derivatives as Antimalarials **Professor Helena P Makela, *inland People’s Republic of China. Discovery of Qinghaosu, an extracted compound from a Professor Emerita, National Public Health Institute of inland, inland. traditional Chinese herb, with extensive studies in the Contribution to the development of Hemophilus Influenza chemical structure, synthesis, pharmacology, toxicity, and type B (Hib) conjugated vaccine and vaccine for Pneumococ- clinical researches of Qinghaosu and its derivatives. The cus pneumonia, reducing more than one million deaths from compound was found to be effective on P. vivax and P. these diseases annually. falciparum malaria, especially the one with resistance to chloroquine, resulting in the improvement of treatment for * Receive Medicine Award together malaria saving millions of patients worldwide. ** Receive Public Health Award together

42 43 2004 2005

Professor Norman Sartorius, Germany Professor Eugene Goldwasser, USA Professor of Psychiatry, University of Geneva, Switzerland, and Emeritus Professor, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, ormer Director, WHO Division of Mental Health, WHO. University of Chicago, USA. Contribution to international mental health, establishing the Discovery and purification of erythropoietin, a hormone that first internationally-agreed upon classification of mental stimulates the human body to make red blood cells, provid- disorders, leading to the development of programmes for the ing an effective therapy for severe anemia in kidney failure delivery of appropriate care for patients with mental disor- and cancer patients. ders which were enable by his establishment of a firm basis of diagnosis using applicable, reliable, and crosscultural criteria and instruments.

Professor Jonathan M Samet, USA Professor Harald zur Hausen, Germany Professor Emeritus, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany. Professor and Chairman, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA Discovery of human papilloma virus (HPV) type 16 and 18 The world’s leading environmental epidemiologist, especially and initiating the hypothesis that HPV causes cervical on the health effects of air quality, playing a major role in cancer, leading to further research and development of the interpretation and policy formation in the areas related vaccines against cervical cancer. to the impacts of indoor and outdoor air pollution, air borne particulate matters, tobacco smoking and occupational health effects on workers, sparking a global movement for improving air quality.

44 45 2006 2007

*Professor Stanley George Schultz, USA Professor Axel Ullrich, Germany Professor in the Medical Sciences, ondren amily Chair in Cellular Signaling, Director of Molecular Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Germany. Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Discovery of the breast cancer oncogene, HER2/c-erbB2 gene, Science Center at Houston Medical School, USA. allowing further development of monoclonal antibodies to HER2 Outstanding research on sodium absorption by mammalian which have been used successfully in the treatment of meta- small intestine and epithelial transport, leading to important static breast cancer. His contribution has opened a new era of basis for discovery of “Oral Rehydration Therapy”. targeted cancer therapy.

*Doctor David R Nalin, USA WHO consultant, and ormer Director, Vaccine Scientific Affairs, Merck & Co., USA. Contribution to the development of international formula of **Professor Basil Stuart Hetzel, Australia oral rehydration solution (ORS) and successfully demonstrat- Honorary President, International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders ing the efficacy of ORS to be used instead of intravenous (ICCIDD), Australia. fluid for the treatment of patients with severe cholera. The founder of the International Council of Iodine Deficiency (ICCIDD) and the first who showed that providing iodine to women during their reproductive period can avert endemic cre- **Doctor Dilip Mahalanabis, India tinism and mental retardation among affected infants. His con- Pediatrician with subspecialty in Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, and tribution helped promote comprehensive use of iodized salt in Staff member of WHO. food industries and livestock sectors. Conducting the first definitive field trial of oral rehydration therapy during the outbreak of cholera in Bangladesh refugees’ shelter in India in 1971, leading to the develop- ment of Global Programme of Diarrhreal Diseases Control of the WHO and UNICE&. **Doctor , Nepal Medical Director, Tilganga Eye Center of Kathmandu, Nepal. A pioneer in the development of an effective suture-less cata- **Doctor Richard Alan Cash, USA ract operation and a leadership role in the maufacturing of Senior Lecturer on the International Health, Department of Population and inexpensive high quality intraocular lenses for this opeation, International Health, and the Director of the Programme on Ethical Issues in allowing rapid operation to be perfomed for a large number of International Health Research, Harvard School of Public Health, USA. patients in the remote and low resource locations. Contribution to the work on applying the oral rehydration solution in the treatment of severe diarrhea worldwide.

* Receive Medicine Award together ** Receive Public Health Award together ** Receive Public Health Award together

46 47 PRINCE MAHIDOL AWARDEES 2008 Professor Sergio Henrigue %erreira Professor Michiaki Takahashi Professor Yu Yongxin Dr. &erreira discovered bradykinin potentiating factor, BP&. a peptide which was found in the venom of a Brazilian snake, Bothrops jararaca which inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I and strongly potentiates the effects of bradykinin. This discov- ery paved the way for the development of a new class of antihypertensive drug, the angiotensin converting enzymes inhibitors (ACE), the first of which was captopril. While working in London in the early seventies with Sir John R. Vane (Nobel prize in Medicine, 1983), he participated in the discovery that the mechanism of anti- analgesic and an anti-inflammatory actions of aspirin-like drugs was the inhibition of the synthesis of prostaglandins. His studies on the basic mechanisms involved in inflamma- tory hyperalgesia led to the discovery of a selected class of analgesics in particular COX- 2 inhibitor. He discovered the peripheral action of morphine and proposed the development of peripheral acting opiates or opiates antagonists which would not penetrate the blood brain barrier, thereby, alleviate the side effects of opiates. Intibitors of angiotensin converting enzymes are now widely used as antihyper- tensive agents. They are used as first line antihypertensive therapy. They are also recommended as drug of choice in hypertensive diabetic patients and patients with diabetic nephropathy. Many studies have confirmed the role of this drug for preservation of renal function in these patients. This drug is also recommeded for the treatment of congestive heart failure. Many studies have confirmed its efficacy on reduction of mortal- ity and morbidity in congestive heart failure. COX-2 inhibitors are now widely used to relieve suffering of countless numbers of patients with inflammatory disease with fewer Professor Sergio Henrigue .erreira side effects. Department of Pharmacology, His contributions to science have been extensively recognized. Dr. &erreira .aculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto holds the National Order of Scientific Merit in the Great Cross level, and received many accolades. He is in the editorial board of several international journals, and is foreign University of Sao Paulo, Brazil member to the U.S. National Academy of Sciences. Affiliation and Contact address Professor &erreira receives the award for his contribution on the discovery of Department of Pharmacology the Bradykinin Potentiating &actor (BP&) and participation in the discovery of the mecha- &aculty of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto nism of action of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) by an inhibition of University of Sao Paulo prostaglandins synthesis. Both discoveries led to the synthessis of a new class of anti- Ribeirao Preto, 14049-900, Sao Paulo, BRAZIL hypertensive agent (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor) and anti-inflammatory drug, E-mail: [email protected] COX-2 inhibitor, respectively.

50 51 Professor Takahashi developed a vaccine isolated from the vesicles blood of a typical case of chicken pox in a 3-year-old Japanese boy. Named Oka after the boy, the vaccine was developed to prevent chicken pox in a process which is strictly adhered to the standard of the World Health Organisation. The vaccine was widely accepted and used extensively in Japan, Korea, USA, &rance, as well as Thailand. People who receive this vaccine will develop chicken pox with less fever and no scar, and they will recover in a quickly manner. As they grow older, children who have received the vaccination will experience less severe cases of herpes zoster than those who did not receive vaccina- tion. In adults aged greater than 60, the vaccine is shown to prevent the development of herpes zoster, as well as to reduce its side conditions and to limit the spread of the disease. Chicken pox or varicella is caused by varicella zoster virus (VZV) placed within the same group as herpes viruses. The symptoms of the disease comprise fever, headache, being bored of food, and skin rashes. The disease is found in all regions of the world, often in children aged younger than 6. In general, the disease has no serious consequence but it is easily transmitted. Rare side conditions of the disease include the inflammation of the brain and lung. In general, the conditions are more serious and take long time to recover in adults. Professor Takahashi’s discovery of the varicella vaccine led to the worldwide use of the vaccine to prevent chicken pox. The vaccine helps relieve physical and mental pain of the patients as well as reduce the death rate of patients with chicken Professor Michiaki Takahashi pox, particularly millions of children from all over the world. Director, The Research .oundation for Microbial Diseases, Professor Takahashi recieved many awards from his work including the “Scien- Osaka University, Japan tific Achievement Award in Varicella-Zoster virus Research"in recognition of development of chicken pox vaccine and other contribution to VZV research from the VZV Research &oundation Inc. New York, USA, in 1998. Professor Takahashi receives the award for his contribution on the develop,emt Affiliation and Contact address of the vaccine against chicken pox or varicella zoster vaccine. The Research &oundation for Microbial Diseases of Osaka University 3-1, Yamada-oka, Suita-City, 565-0871, JAPAN E-mail: [email protected]

52 53 Professor Yu Yongxin had spent nearly three decades to derive an SA14-14-2 Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine from kidney cells of hamsters. Tested for immunoge- nicity and efficacy in experimental animals and then human subjects, the vaccine is widely regarded as the most efficacious and safest in preventing encephalitis in children. Since 1988, the vaccine has been distributed to over 200 million children in China and to millions more in India, Korea, Sri Lanka, Nepal, as well as Thailand. It was proven to greatly help reduce the spread of encephalitis in Asia. JE encephalitis is the most important disease in the group of encephalitis diseases caused by viruses which have insects as carriers. The disease cannot be cured but can be prevented by vaccine. The disease has been found in Asia, particularly in countries namely India, Myanmar, Laos, Thailand, Cambodia, the Philippines, Malaysia, Singapore, and China. It used to be an epidemic in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan but is currently under control. Normally, patients with JE encephalitis show no symptom. What is found are brain-related symptoms including the inflammation of the brain and mem- branes enveloping the brain which can result in the patients’ death or disability. Since the vaccine was placed in the list of primary vaccines by Ministry of Public Health following its Immunity Promotion Plan, JE encephalitis has hardly been found in Thai- land. Professor Yu’s research and development of JE encephalitis vaccine have contributed to the prevention of the diseases with no cure. His efforts helped ensure that millions of patients in Asia would avoid death and disability caused by the disease. Professor Yu Yongxin The research work led or co-worked by Prof. Yu has gained 15 different Science & Director Emeritus, .irst Department of Viral Vaccine, Technology Awards up to now. Being an expert with remarkable achievements in the National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and area of vaccine research, Prof. Yu has published over 150 papers and 9 books as a Biological Products, People’s Republic of China. chief editor or author. He was also elected the National-level Scientists with Outstanding Contribution. Affiliation and Contact address Professor Yu Yongxin receives the award for his contribution on the developmemt National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical of the vaccine against Japanese encephalitis (JE) vaccine. and Biological Products Temple of Heaven, Tiantan Xili No 2 Beijin, 100050, PEOPLE REPUBLIC O& CHINA E-mail: [email protected]

54 55 LIST O* THE PRINCE MAHIDOL AWARDEES WHO ALREADY PASSED AWAY

1. Sir William Richard Shaboe Doll, the awardee of 1992 2. Professor William Trager, the awardee of 1994 3. Doctor Maurice R Hilleman, the awardee of 2002 4. Doctor Chen Minzhang, the awardee of 1992 5. Doctor Rene G &avaloro, the awardee of 1998

57 EDITORIAL COMMITTEE

Professor Supat Vanichakarn Consultant Professor Achra Sumboonnanonda Committee Associate Professor Doctor Angkana Chaiprasert Committee Professor Manee Rattanachaiyanont Committee Professor Wanicha Chuenkongkaew Committee Doctor Gulapar Srisawasdi Committee

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