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Postimerkit Merisotataidon Dokumentteina Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Julkaisusarja 1: Tutkimuksia no. 1 POSTIMERKIT MERISOTATAIDON DOKUMENTTEINA Britannian ja Saksan laivastojen varustelu maailmansotien välisenä aikana Kai Varsio LIITEKIRJA MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU JULKAISUSARJA 1: TUTKIMUKSIA NO. 1 NATIONAL DEFENCE UNIVERSITY SERIES 1: RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS NO. 1 LIITEKIRJA TEOKSEEN POSTIMERKIT MERISOTATAIDON DOKUMENTTEINA Britannian ja Saksan laivastojen varustelu maailmansotien välisenä aikana KAI VARSIO MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU HELSINKI 2015 Kai Varsio: Postimerkit merisotataidon dokumentteina Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Julkaisusarja 1: Tutkimuksia no. 1 Väitöskirjan liitteet / National Defence University Series 1: Research Publications No. 1 Appendix of doctoral dissertation Tekijä: Kommodori (evp) Kai Varsio Ohjaava professori: Professori, kenraalimajuri (evp) Vesa Tynkkynen Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Esitarkastajat: Professori, eversti Pasi Kesseli Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Dosentti Raino Heino Helsingin yliopisto Vastaväittäjät: Professori, eversti Pasi Kesseli Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Filosofian maisteri, RDP Jussi Tuori © Tekijä & Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu Uusimmat julkaisut pdf-muodossa: http://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/73990 ISBN 978-951-25-2665-9 (nid./koko teos) ISBN 978-951-25-2666-6 (PDF/koko teos) ISBN 978-951-25-2668-0 (nid./liiteosio) ISBN 978-951-25-2670-3 (PDF/liiteosio) ISSN 2342-9992 (painettu) ISSN 2343-0001 (verkkojulkaisu) Maanpuolustuskorkeakoulu National Defence University Juvenes Print Tampere 2015 SISÄLLYSLUETTELO Liite 1 POSTIMERKKEIHIN LIITTYVIÄ OPINNÄYTETÖITÄ ja VÄITÖSTUTKIMUKSIA 1 – Suomalaiset opinnäytetyöt 1 – Ulkomaalaisia väitöstutkimuksia 2 Liite 2 SAKSAN JA BRITANNIAN TAISTELUALUKSET 3 Saksa 3 I Saksan taistelualukset vuonna 1922 3 II Saksan uudet taistelualukset 1930-luvulla ennen toisen maailmansodan alkua 4 Britannia 6 I Britannian taistelualukset vuosina 1922–1930 6 II Ensimmäisen maailmansodan jälkeen rakennetut taistelualukset 9 III Britannian uudet tai rakenteilla olleet taistelualukset vuosina 1931–1939 9 Liite 3 BRITANNIAN MERIVOIMIEN TAISTELUALUKSIA KUVATTUINA POSTIMERKEILLÄ 13 1 BRITANNIAN MERIVOIMIEN ALKUTILANNE VUONNA 1921 13 1.1 Taistelulaivat (super-dreadnought) 13 1.2 Taisteluristeilijät 14 1.3 Monitorit 15 1.4 Lentotukialukset (emälaivat) 15 1.5 Risteilijät 16 1.6 Hävittäjät 17 1.7 Sukellusveneet 18 2 WASHINGTONIN LAIVASTOSOPIMUKSEN JÄLKEISET PERUSKORJATUT JA UUDET TAISTELUALUKSET 19 2.1 Taistelulaivat (peruskorjatut) 19 2.2 Taistelulaivat (uudisrakenteet) 19 2.3 Taisteluristeilijät (perusparannetut) 20 2.4 Lentotukialukset 20 2.5 Raskaat risteilijät 1922–1930 (sopimusristeilijät) 21 2.6 Hävittäjät 23 2.7 Sukellusveneet 24 I 3 LONTOO 1930 -LAIVASTOSOPIMUKSEN JÄLKEISET VAIKUTUKSET 24 3.1 Toistamiseen perusparannetut taistelulaivat 24 3.2 Pieniä muutoksia 25 3.3 Lentotukialukset (kunnostetut) 27 3.4 Lentotukialukset (uudisrakenteet) 27 3.5 Monitorit 28 3.6 Raskaat risteilijät (sopimusristeilijät) 28 3.7 Kevyet risteilijät 28 3.8 Hävittäjät 31 3.9 Sukellusveneet 32 4 RAKENTEILLA OLLEET ALUKSET SODAN PUHJETESSA 1.9.1939 32 4.1 Taistelulaivat 32 4.2 Lentotukialukset 33 4.3 Kevyet risteilijät 36 4.4 Hävittäjät 37 4.5 Sukellusveneet 38 5 SPEKULATIIVISET POSTIMERKIT 38 Liite 4 SAKSAN MERIVOIMIEN TAISTELUALUKSIA KUVATTUINA POSTIMERKEILLÄ 39 1 SAKSAN MERIVOIMIEN (REICHSMARINE) ALKUTILANNE VUONNA 1921 39 1.1 Taistelulaivat 39 1.2 Taisteluristeilijät 39 1.3 Monitorit tai rannikonpuolustuslaivat 39 1.4 Lentotukialukset 39 1.5 Raskaat risteilijät 39 1.6 Kevyet risteilijät 40 1.7 Hävittäjät 40 1.8 Sukellusveneet 40 2 SAKSAN UUSIA TAISTELUALUKSIA 1920-LUVUN LOPPUUN MENNESSÄ 40 2.1 Kevyet risteilijät 40 II 3 SAKSAN UUDISRAKENTEET JA PERUSKORJAUKSET 1930-LUVULLA 41 3.1 Taistelulaivat (uudisrakenteet) 41 3.2 Taistelulaivat (peruskorjatut) 41 3.3 Panssarilaivat, ”taskutaistelulaivat” (uudisrakenteet) 42 3.4 Raskaat risteilijät (uudisrakenteet) 43 3.5 Kevyet risteilijät (uudisrakenteet) 43 3.6 Hävittäjät (uudisrakenteet) 43 3.7 Sukellusveneet (uudisrakenteet) 44 4 RAKENTEILLA OLLEET TAISTELUALUKSET SODAN PUHJETESSA 1.9.1939 47 4.1 Taistelulaivat 47 4.2 Lentotukialukset 49 4.3 Raskaat risteilijät 50 4.4 Hävittäjät 50 4.5 Sukellusveneet 50 5 SPEKULATIIVISET POSTIMERKIT 51 Liite 5 SOTALAIVAPOSTIMERKKIEN JULKAISU- JA TUNNISTETIEDOT 52 Liite 6 TAISTELULAIVAN VALVONTA- JA TULENJOHTOTEHTÄVIIN LIITTYVIÄ LAITTEITA QUEEN ELIZABETH –LUOKALLA 67 III Liite 1 POSTIMERKKEIHIN LIITTYVIÄ OPINNÄYTETÖITÄ ja VÄITÖSTUTKIMUKSIA Suomalaiset opinnäytetyöt 1) Hankaniemi, Jari: Postimerkit kouluopetuksen osana, Oulun yliopisto, Oulu 1993. 2) Hara, Karri: Tiedon kerääjät, analyyttinen tutkimus filateliasta. Tampereen yliopisto, Tampere 2005, (Informaatiotutkimuksen laitoksen A9 tutkimusprojektiesitelmä). 3) Klinge, Yrjö: Japanin ja sen siirtomaiden postaalinen imago: postihistoriallista tarkastelua. Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki 1997. 4) Mäkinen, Risto: Filatelia postitoimen osana. Tampereen yliopisto, Tampere 1983. 5) Nurmi, Juha: Jatkuvuuden asialla, tutkimus uskonnollisista kuva-aiheista suomalaisten postimerkkien julkaisupolitiikassa vuosina 1929–1989. Helsingin yliopisto, Kirkkohistorian laitos, Helsinki 2001. 6) Pihlman, Marja: Filateliapalveluiden markkinointi Posti- ja lennätinhallituksessa. Markkinointi-instituutti, Helsinki 1981. 7) Rahiala, Annariikka: Philatelic Regulations – a Study of a Special Language Text variety. Kouvolan kääntäjänkoulutuslaitos, Kouvola 1992. 8) Salonen, Torsti: Suomen juhlapostimerkkien aatemaailma 1922–1974. Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki 1977, (Historian laitoksen laudaturseminaari). 9) Soininen, Marjo: Suomen Leijona autonomisen ajan postimerkeissä, Jyväskylän yliopisto, Jyväskylä 1991, (Taidehistorian laitoksen proseminaari). 10) Sunna, Marjatta: Signe Hammarsten Janssonin suunnittelemat postimerkit 1929–1962. Helsingin yliopisto, Helsinki 1983. 11) Särkkä, Nanna: Postimerkin uusi aika: Omakuvapostimerkin semioottista tarkastelua. Helsingin yliopisto, Viestinnän laitos, Helsinki 2009. 12) Taskinen, Miia: Paljon asiaa pienessä tilassa: suomalaisen postimerkin tarkastelua kulttuurihistoriallisesta näkökulmasta. Lapin yliopisto, Rovaniemi 2008. 13) Valtonen, Juha: Saksan Reichpost, saksalaisen postilaitoksen kehittyminen yhtenäiseksi valtakunnanpostiksi 1866–1872. Tampereen yliopisto, Tampere 1993. 1 Ulkomaalaisia väitöstutkimuksia Yli 10 000 kirjaston aineistoluettelot antoi postimerkkeihin liittyviä väitöskirjoja haku- sanoille (posta* ja stamp*) 94 kappaletta, joista englanninkielisiä oli 72. Näistä olen valinnut esimerkeiksi seuraavat kuusi väitöskirjaa, jotka tutkivat erityisesti kuva-aiheen merkitystä sanoman välittäjänä, vaikka itse postimerkin julkaisusyynä ei ole ollut esi- merkiksi pyrkimys kasvatuksen tai opetuksen apuvälineeksi: A. Foster, Mary: Postage stamps as a tool for the religious educator. University of Hartford, USA 1941. B. Cook, Clark Laurence: The use of stamps as an objective aid in the teaching of eight-grade history. University of Redlands, California, USA 1951. C. Cressy M. Donald: The educational value of philately. Rhode Island College, USA 1951. D. Hafer, B. George: A study of the origins and development of postal stationary and postal stamps as advertising media. Pennsylvania State University, USA 1965. E. Wolinetz, D. Harvey: Arab philatelic propaganda against the state of Israel. Yeshiva University, Israel 1973. F. Mead, Sonya: Postage stamp as message carrier: its design and content in American society. Virginia Commonwealth University, USA 1994. 2 Liite 2 SAKSAN JA BRITANNIAN TAISTELUALUKSET Liitteeseen on koottu tutkimuspiiriin kuuluvat aluslajit ja -luokat sekä alukset erisnimineen. SAKSA I SAKSAN TAISTELUALUKSET VUONNA 1922 Taistelulaivat, 6+2 kpl Braunschweig-luokka (SMS)1 Braunschweig (1904) (SMS) Elsass (1904) (SMS) Hessen (1905) (SMS) Lothringen (1904) muutettu miinanraivaustukialukseksi (SMS) Preussen (1903) muutettu miinanraivaustukialukseksi Deutschland-luokka (SMS) Schleswig-Holstein (1908) (SMS) Hannover (1907) (SMS) Schlesien (1908) Kevyet risteilijät, 6+2 kpl Gazelle-luokka (SMS) Niobe (1900), reservissä (SMS) Nymphe (1900), reservissä (SMS) Thetis (1901) (SMS) Amazone (1901) (SMS) Medusa (1901) (SMS) Arcona (1903) Bremen (Town) -luokka (SMS) Hamburg (1904), muutettu koululaivaksi (SMS) Berlin (1905), muutettu koululaivaksi 1 SMS (Seiner Majestät Schiff) etuliitettä käytettiin Saksan keisarikunnan laivojen nimissä maaliskuuhun 1918 asti. 3 Torpedohävittäjät (hävittäjä), 12+4 kpl2 V-luokka (1911–13), A G Vulkan’ssa rakennettu G-luokka (1911–12), Germaniwerft’ssa rakennettu II SAKSAN UUDET TAISTELUALUKSET 1930-LUVULLA ENNEN TOISEN MAAILMANSODAN ALKUA Alukset ovat joko valmiita, rakenteilla tai tilattu (0+0+0), kun sota syttyi. Luettelossa mainitaan rakenteilla olleista vain ne alukset, jotka tulivat sodan aikana valmistumaan. Lisäksi strategisen kokonaisuuden hahmottamiseksi luetellaan sukellusveneistä myös ennen sodan alkua Saksan tilatut sukellusveneet. Taistelulaivat, 2 kpl (0+2+0) Bismarck-luokka: Bismarck ja Tirpitz Taisteluristeilijät, 2 kpl (2+0+0) Scharnhorst-luokka: Scharnhorst ja Gneisenau Panssarilaivat, 3 kpl (3+0+0) Deutschland-luokka: Deutschaland, Admiral Scheer, Admiral Graf Spee Raskaat risteilijät, 5 kpl (2+3+0) Hipper-luokka: Admiral Hipper, Blücher, Prinz Eugen, Seydlitz, Lützow Kevyet risteilijät, 12 kpl Emden ’K’-luokka: Königsberg, Karlsruhe, Köln, Leipzig, Nürnberg ’M’-luokka (0+3+3): ’M’, ’N’, ’O’, ’P’, ’Q’, ’R’ Hävittäjät, 26 kpl (22+4+0) Leberecht Maass-luokka: 1934 Typ (Z1–Z4); 1934A Typ (Z5–Z16) von Roeder-luokka: 1936 Typ (Z17–Z22), 1936A Typ:
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