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An Annotated Bibliography of Australian Percussion Ensemble

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An Annotated Bibliography of Australian Percussion Ensemble AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIAN PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE WORKS FOR 4-6 PLAYERS COMPOSED FROM 1970 TO THE PRESENT by RYAN MCALLISTER SMITH (Under the Direction of Thomas McCutchen) ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to provide information an annotated bibliography of Australian works for percussion ensemble for 4-6 players composed from 1970 to the present. World-renowned composers such as Ross Edwards, Peter Sculthorpe, and Nigel Westlake are represented, as are many other Australian composers, and all works examined are registered with the Australian Music Centre. This document is meant to expand upon the information listed by the Australian Music Centre for each of the pieces. The document is organized in four chapters. The first of these states the purpose and gives the organization of the document. Chapter 2 gives the history of the percussion ensemble from the early 20th century to the present and the history of percussion ensemble in Australia. The third chapter contains annotations of all the percussion ensemble works examined, including date of composition, publisher, number of players, instrumentation, duration, level of difficulty, recordings (if available), and other pertinent information followed by a description of the work. Chapter 4 gives conclusions and suggestions for further research. INDEX WORDS: Percussion, percussion ensemble, Australia, Nigel Westlake, Peter Sculthorpe, Ross Edwards AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIAN PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE WORKS FOR 4-6 PLAYERS COMPOSED FROM 1970 TO THE PRESENT by RYAN MCALLISTER SMITH B.MUS., University of Georgia 2001 M.M., Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey 2004 A Document Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of The University of Georgia in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree DOCTOR OF MUSICAL ARTS ATHENS, GEORGIA 2010 © 2010 Ryan McAllister Smith All Rights Reserved AN ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY OF AUSTRALIAN PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE WORKS FOR 4-6 PLAYERS COMPOSED FROM 1970 TO THE PRESENT by RYAN MCALLISTER SMITH Major Professor: Thomas McCutchen Committee: Stephen Valdez Stephanie Tingler Electronic Version Approved: Maureen Grasso Dean of the Graduate School The University of Georgia August 2010 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to acknowledge and express my gratitude to my major professor, Dr. Thomas McCutchen, for his years of guidance, wisdom, support, inspiration, and friendship during both degrees here at the University of Georgia. Also, Dr. Stephen Valdez, Dr. Stephanie Tingler, Dr. Roger Vogel, and Mr. Mark Cedel for their time, constructive criticism, and support with this document. I would like to thank my parents for their unwavering support with my chosen career path to allow me to pursue my musical goals. Finally, I would like to thank my wife Emily for her patience, guidance, friendship, and love that provided the determination to finish this degree. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................................................... iv CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 Purpose of Study.....................................................................................................1 Methodology...........................................................................................................2 Organization of Study.............................................................................................2 Sample Annotation..................................................................................................3 Survey of Related Literature...................................................................................5 List of Works to be Annotated................................................................................5 2 HISTORY OF THE PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE/AUSTRALIAN PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE .................................................................................................................8 History of the Percussion Ensemble .......................................................................8 Percussion Ensemble in Australia.........................................................................26 Summary...............................................................................................................28 3 ANNOTATED LIST OF AUSTRALIAN PERCUSSION ENSEMBLE WORKS...30 4 CONCLUSIONS/SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ........................118 Conclusions.........................................................................................................118 Suggestions for Further Research .......................................................................119 v BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................................124 APPENDICES A UNAVAILABLE WORKS......................................................................................129 B GLOSSARY.............................................................................................................130 vi CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Purpose of Study Music for percussion ensemble is a new genre to the Australian continent dating from around 1970. Very little research exists about this body of music, and currently there is no resource that describes the vast majority of these pieces. This document will focus on Australian percussion ensemble works for four to six players that were written from 1970 until the present. For the purposes of this study, the definition of percussion ensemble is a chamber work composed solely for percussion instruments (or found instruments since virtually anything that is struck, scraped, rubbed, or shaken can be considered a percussion instrument). It does not include works for percussion ensemble that include other instruments or works for percussion ensemble and orchestra. Each of the works examined in this paper is registered with the Australian Music Centre and is currently available for purchase. Works with no information or listed as out of print are not included. While the Australian Music Centre lists some information about many of these works, that information is usually limited to combinations of the following: the date of composition, number of players, instrumentation, duration, and level of difficulty. The annotation for each work in this document expands the level of information about each piece and standardizes the amount of information given (the exact parameters are listed later as part of the methodology). This document is intended as a reference point for performers and educators searching for information about available percussion ensemble works from Australia, including the few works that have entered the standard repertory. ! "! Methodology Each annotation includes the following: the name of the composer, title of the work, movement titles (as necessary), date of composition, publisher, number of players, instrumentation, level of difficulty, duration, and recording (if available). The entry called “level of difficulty” is based upon different criteria for the type of percussion ensemble used (some works have a level of difficulty listed on the Australian Music Centre website; the author has determined whether the label of beginner, medium (intermediate), advanced, or professional is appropriate). Standardized criteria for difficulty are not listed by either the Percussive Arts Society, the international professional organization of percussionists, or by the Australian Music Centre. For works that are scored only for pitched percussion instruments, the criteria are a combination of technique, range, endurance, rhythm, and interplay within the ensemble. For works that deal specifically with unpitched percussion, the criteria are a combination of set-up, technique, rhythm, endurance, and interplay within the ensemble. For works that contain both pitched and unpitched percussion, a combination of the previously listed criteria will be used. After the difficulty level has been established, remarks about the nature of the piece or movements are included, along with any pertinent aspects not previously covered. Organization of Study Chapter: Introduction Purpose of Study Methodology Organization of Study Sample Entry Survey of Related Literature List of Works to be Annotated Chapter 2: Historical Background on Percussion Ensemble/Australian Percussion Ensemble Literature Chapter 3: Annotated List of Australian Percussion Ensemble Works ! #! Chapter 4: Conclusions/Suggestions for Further Research Sample Annotation Edwards, Ross (b. 1943) Prelude and Dragonfly Dance Two movements: I. Prelude; marked ‘Lontano e sognante’ (quarter note equals 56) II. Dragonfly Dance; marked ‘Vivace’ (quarter note equals circa 152) Date of Composition: 1991 Publisher: Australian Music Centre Number of Players: 4 Instrumentation: Player 1: Marimba Player 2: Marimba Player 3: 4 conga drums (tuned as far apart as possible), vibraphone (with player 4) Player 4: Maraca, guero (sic), vibraphone Duration: approx. 8 minutes Level of Difficulty: Advanced Recording: Synergy Percussion, Synergy with Samuels, Tall Poppies Records TP030, 1994. In the Prelude, players 3 and 4 alternate bowing the vibraphone with double bass bows to create a drone resembling Japanese temple bells; these are synchronized with each other but are independent of the marimba parts. The marimba parts typically play off of one another; their pitch material consists of mostly half steps and tritones
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