DOCSLIB.ORG

Lower St. Joseph – Bear Creek Watershed Management Plan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Lower St. Joseph – Bear Creek Watershed Management Plan Lower St. Joseph – Bear Creek Watershed Management Plan Prepared by: The St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative 3718 New Vision Drive Fort Wayne, Indiana 46845 With funding from: The City of Fort Wayne, Water Utilities Department Under CWA Section 205(j) Grant, ARN A305 5-73 from the Indiana Department of Environmental Management Lower St. Joseph –Bear Creek Watershed Management Plan i Final Draft Revisions: March 20, 2008 For copies of this document, please contact: The St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative, 3718 New Vision Drive Fort Wayne, Indiana 46845 See Also the Following Documents: The St. Joseph River Watershed Management Plan (2006) 2004 St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative Water Quality Report 2005 St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative Water Quality Report Report on the Bacteria Source Tracking (BST) Project, October 30, 2004 These documents are available in PDF format on the St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative website, www.sjrwi.org All programs offered prohibit discrimination on the basis of race, color, national origin, sex, religion, age, disability, political beliefs or family status. This project has been funded wholly or in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement No. C6975750-04 to the Indiana Department of Environmental Management. The contents of this document do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Cover photo of the St. Joseph River Dam by J. Loomis 2005. Lower St. Joseph –Bear Creek Watershed Management Plan ii Table of Contents Table of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………………………...iv Tables................................................................................................................................................................v Commonly Used Acronyms............................................................................................................................vii Vision of the Watershed ......................................................................................................................................ix Executive Summary..............................................................................................................................................x St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative, 2006....................................................................................................xi Part 1: Introduction ...............................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Partnerships and Organizations involved in this project .........................................................................3 1.1.1 The St. Joseph River Watershed Initiative Partnership..................................................................3 1.1.2 Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Allen and DeKalb Counties..........................................4 1.1.3 Local Governments of Fort Wayne and Allen County...................................................................4 1.1.4 Other city and county offices .........................................................................................................4 1.2 Public Participation .................................................................................................................................4 1.2.1 Stakeholder-Perceived Problems ...................................................................................................5 1.2.2 Stakeholders’ Visions for the Watershed.......................................................................................7 Part 2: The Watershed..........................................................................................................................................9 2.1 Watershed Location and Hydrology...................................................................................................9 2.1.1 Water supply ................................................................................................................................15 2.2 Description and History ........................................................................................................................16 2.2.1 Natural History.............................................................................................................................16 2.2.2 Topography ..................................................................................................................................18 2.2.3 Land Use and Population .............................................................................................................18 2.2.4 Soils..............................................................................................................................................25 2.2.5 Climate.........................................................................................................................................25 2.2.6 Cultural and Recreational Resources ...........................................................................................25 Part 3: Benchmarks and Current Status of the Watershed ..................................................................................30 3.1 Water Quality ...................................................................................................................................31 3.1.1 Impaired Waterways – The 303(d) list of Impaired Waterways ..................................................31 3.1.2 The SJRWI Water Quality Sampling Program ............................................................................31 3.1.3 Data Results: Contaminants of Concern ......................................................................................33 3.1.3.1 Bacteria....................................................................................................................................33 3.1.3.2 Sediment..................................................................................................................................44 3.1.3.3 Nutrients ..................................................................................................................................49 3.2 Land usage in Flood Plains ...................................................................................................................51 3.3 Fish Consumption Advisories ...............................................................................................................53 3.4 Exotic and Invasive Species..................................................................................................................53 3.5 Endangered Species ..............................................................................................................................54 3.6 Wetlands................................................................................................................................................56 3.7 Natural Communities and Conservation Practices................................................................................58 3.8 Neighborhood Drainage Problems........................................................................................................63 3.10 Education.........................................................................................................................................65 Part 4: Known Water Quality Problems, Sources and Areas of Concern...........................................................67 4.1 Water Quality Issues .............................................................................................................................68 4.1.1 Bacteria ........................................................................................................................................68 4.1.2 Sediment ......................................................................................................................................70 4.1.3 Pesticide Spikes............................................................................................................................71 4.1.4 Nutrients.......................................................................................................................................72 4.2 Access to the River and Recreation......................................................................................................73 4.3 Riparian Corridor and Natural Areas Preservation ...............................................................................75 4.4 Habitat and Biological Diversity...........................................................................................................76 4.5 Watershed Education ............................................................................................................................76 Part 5: Critical Areas in the Watershed..............................................................................................................77 Lower St. Joseph –Bear Creek Watershed Management Plan iii Part 6: Goals and Decisions ...............................................................................................................................87 Part 7: Pollutant Loads and Reductions.............................................................................................................96 7.1 Discharge Data......................................................................................................................................96
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Ground-Water Movement in Auglaize and Mercer Counties, Ohio By
    Ground-water Movement in Auglaize and Mercer Counties, Ohio by Karen S. Gottschalk A senior thesis submitted to fulfill the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Geology, 1986 The Ohio State University Thesis Advisor Department of Geology and Mineralogy ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the people who helped me get through this thesis. Thanks to Robert Voisard, Tim and Craig Gottschalk for the many hours they spent helping me measure wells, to Sally Buck for supplying me with her thesis data sheets, to Krista Bailey for the ice cream break, to Jeff Gottschalk and Steve Putman for the use of their computers and printers. Thanks. CONTENTS Introduction ••••••• 1 Study Area Description •• 1 Climate 2 Soi 1 •• 2 Surface Hydrology •• 2 Population Characteristics. 3 General Geology ••• 5 Trenton Limestone 5 Utica Shale ••••• 6 Hudson River Series 6 Clinton Group •••• 7 Niagara Formation. 7 Glacial Geology •• 8 Wabash Moraine. 8 Till Plains 9 Teays River Valley •• 9 Hydrology ••• 12 General Theory. 14 Groundwater Movement. 14 Laidlaw Landfill. 15 Conclusion 16 LIST OF PLATES Plate A - 1: Regional Map of Ohio and Indiana. 18 Plate B - 2a: General Soil Map of Mercer County, Ohio. 20 Plate B - 2b: General Soils Map of Auglaize County (Portion) 21 Plate C - 1: Bedrock Configuration of Teays River Valley Under St. Marys 22 Plate C - 2: Cross-Section from A to A' showing thickness of 1naterd:als in buried valleys . • . 23 Plate D - 1: Map showing location of Laidlaw landfill, Mercer Co. • 24 Study Area Maps: 25 LIST OF TABLES Table B - 1: 19 Well Logs: • 31 INTRODUCTION Study Area Description Auglaize County is located in west-central Ohio <Plate A-1).
    [Show full text]
  • Al Ejti the Ohio State University
    WATE R PROJECT COMPLETION WATER REPORT NO. 396X Concentration and Distribution of WAT E R Selected Trace Elements In The Maumee River Basin, Ohio, ER Indiana and Michigan Wayne A. Pettyjohn Professor Larry R. Hayes ATER Thomas R. Schultz Department of Geology and Minerology Al Ejti The Ohio State University United States Department WAT E R of the Interior CONTRACT NO. f\ A-026-OHIO !?& State of Ohio ER Water Resources Center Ohio State University CONCENTRATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED TRACE ELEMENTS IN THE MAUMEE RIVER BASIN, OHIO, INDIANA AND MICHIGAN Wayne A. Pettyjohn Professor Larry R, Hayes Thomas R. Schultz Department of Geology and Minerology The Ohio State University WATER RESOURCES CENTER THE OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY COLUMBUS, OHIO 43210 March, 1974 This study was supported by the Office of Water Resources Research U.S. Department of the Interior under Project A-026-OHIO. Table of Contents INTRODUCTION 2 PURPOSE AND SCOPE 4 PREVIOUS INVESTIGATIONS 4 GENERAL FEATURES OF THE MAUMEE RIVER BASIN II GEOLOGY AND HYDROLOGY OF THE AREA 15 SAMPLE COLLECTION, PREPARATION AND ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES 29 CONCENTRATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF SELECTED TRACE ELEMENTS 3g IN THE MAUMEE RIVER BASIN Aluminum 40 Arsenic 43 Cadmium 45 Cobalt 46 Chromium 49 Copper • . 51 Mercury 52 Nickel 55 Lead 56 Silver 58 Tin 59 Strontium 61 Zinc 63 TRACE ELEMENTS AND HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF SELECTED TRACE ELEMENTS * 65 Aluminum 69 Arsenic ­ 70 Cadmium 72 Cobalt 75 Chromium 76 Copper 79 Lead 79 Mercury 83 Nickel 87 Silver 89 Strontium 90 Tin 92 Zinc 93 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS . 95 BIBLIOGRAPHY 102 APPENDIX I 109 APPENDIX II 149 ABSTRACT During the period August, 1971 to April, 1973, water and stream-bottom sediment samples were collected from 225 sites distributed throughout the Maumee River basin in northwestern Ohio, southeastern Michigan and north­ eastern Indiana.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thesis Entitled the Deglacial Chronology of the Sturgis Moraine
    A Thesis entitled The Deglacial Chronology of the Sturgis Moraine in South-Central Michigan and Northeast Indiana by Jennifer M. Horton Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Geology _________________________________________ Timothy G. Fisher, PhD., Committee Chair _________________________________________ Richard Becker, PhD., Committee Member _________________________________________ James M. Martin-Hayden PhD., Committee Member _________________________________________ Patricia R. Komuniecki, PhD., Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August, 2015 Copyright 2015, Jennifer Marie Horton This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of The Deglacial Chronology of the Sturgis Moraine in South-Central Michigan and Northeast Indiana by Jennifer M. Horton Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the The Master of Science Degree in Geology The University of Toledo August, 2015 Understanding the timing and rate of ice retreat in the Great Lakes Region is critical to understanding any relationship between ice lobes and climate during the Late Wisconsinan time period. The purpose of this study is to constrain the age of the Sturgis Moraine, an end moraine of the Saginaw Lobe in south-central Michigan using minimum-limiting radiocarbon and OSL ages. Previous correlations between till stratigraphy and end moraines suggest that the Sturgis Moraine formed between 15,500 and 16,100 14C yrs BP, but with little direct supporting chronologic data. To date the Sturgis Moraine, Livingstone sediment cores were collected from three scour lakes within tunnel channels at the distal side of the moraine.
    [Show full text]
  • A Thesis Entitled the Chronology of Glacial Landforms Near Mongo
    A Thesis entitled The Chronology of Glacial Landforms Near Mongo, Indiana – Evidence for the Early Retreat of the Saginaw Lobe by Thomas R. Valachovics Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Geology ___________________________________________ Timothy G. Fisher, PhD., Committee Chair ___________________________________________ James M. Martin-Hayden, PhD., Committee Member ___________________________________________ Jose Luis Antinao-Rojas, PhD., Committee Member ___________________________________________ Cyndee Gruden, PhD, Dean College of Graduate Studies The University of Toledo August 2019 Copyright 2019 Thomas R. Valachovics This document is copyrighted material. Under copyright law, no parts of this document may be reproduced without the expressed permission of the author. An Abstract of The Chronology of Glacial Landforms Near Mongo, Indiana – Evidence for the Early Retreat of the Saginaw Lobe by Thomas R. Valachovics Submitted to the Graduate Faculty as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Science Degree in Geology The University of Toledo August 2019 The Saginaw Lobe of the Laurentide Ice Sheet occupied central Michigan and northern Indiana during the last glacial maximum. Evidence exists that the Saginaw Lobe retreated earlier than its neighboring lobes but attempts to constrain this retreat using radiocarbon dating methods has led to conflicting results. Optically stimulated luminescence dating (OSL) offers an alternative methodology to date deglacial deposits. The Pigeon River Meltwater Channel (PRMC) was formed by a large, erosional pulse of meltwater that exited the ice sheet and eroded through the deglaciated landscape previously occupied by the Saginaw Lobe. Sediments that partially fill the PRMC were dated using OSL. Minimum ages for the retreat of the Saginaw Lobe were acquired to test the hypothesis that the Mongo area is ice free by 23 ka.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
    Buried Pinchout of Saginaw Lobe Drift in Northeastern Indiana 1 N. K. Bleuer and M. C. Moore Indiana Geological Survey, Bloomington, Indiana 47401 Abstract Subsurface data for Allen County, Indiana, indicate that the till of the Saginaw Lobe (unnamed member of the Lagro Formation) is a discrete unit separable from the superjacent clayey till of the New Holland Till Member of the Lagro Formation, and from hard loamy till units below that are presumed to include the Trafalgar Formation. The till of the Saginaw Lobe has sandy loam to loam texture, stiff consistency, and contains fragments of coal, tillite, and jasper conglomerate. Although the unit is map- pable, a consistent means of petrographically differentiating this till from underlying hard tills of similar texture has not yet been found. The extent of Saginaw till beneath till of the Erie Lobe can be mapped. This onlap- underlap condition in northeastern Indiana has been recognized since the late 1800's, but its great extent has been documented only recently. The Saginaw Lobe till extends southeastward from its areas of outcrop to northwestern Allen County, where its buried feather edge roughly parallels the Eel River sluiceway. The unit is exposed at several places in Cedar Creek canyon. Although the Saginaw drift (and ice?) was subsequently covered by ice and drift of the Erie Lobe, Saginaw-drift topography was not obliterated, and it influenced the piracy of Cedar Creek from the Eel to the St. Joseph drainage. The topography of buried Saginaw drift may have been the dominant influence on the surface relief and local morainal topography in northwestern Allen County and perhaps elsewhere in north- eastern Indiana.
    [Show full text]
  • Till/A Symposium ' • TILL a Symposium
    ) Till/a Symposium ' • TILL a Symposium Edited by Richard P. Goldthwait Assisted by: Jane L. Forsyth David L. Gross Fred Pessl, Jr. OHIO STATE UNIVERSITY PRESS QE 097 T55 C~pyrl9ht © 1971 by the Ohio State University Press All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Catalogue Card Number 70-153422 Standard look Number 8142-0141-2 Manufactured In the United States of America Dedication To George W. White, at the time of his retirement, to honc,r his devotion, inspiration, and teaching on the subiect of till. Blank page vi. Contents PREFACE xi I ntroductfon 1 INTRODUCTION TO TILL, TODAY 3 by R. P. Goldthwait 1 , PROCEDURES OF TILL INVESTIGATIONS IN NORTH AMERICA: A GENERAL REVIEW 27 by A. Dreimanis Genesi~ 2 TILL GENESIS AND FABRIC IN SVALBARD, SPITSBERGEN 41 by G. S. Boulton j EVIDENCE FOR ABLATION AND BASAL TILL IN EAST-CENTRAL NEW HAMPSHIRE 73 by L. D. Drake J TILL FABRICS AND TILL STRATIGRAPHY IN WESTERN CONNECTICUT 92 by F. Pessl, Jr. ABLATION TILL IN NO~,THEASTERN VERMONT 106 by D. P. Stewart and P. MacClintock vii Thickness and Structure 3 INFLUENCE OF -IRREGULARITIES OF THE BED OF AN ICE SHEET ON DEPOSITION RATE OF TILL 117 by L. H. Nobles and J. Weertman GLACIOTECTONIC STRUCTURES IN DRIFT 127 by S. R. Moran THICKNESS OF WISCONSINAN TILL IN GRAND RIVER AND KILLBUCK LOBES, NORTHEASTERN OHIO AND NORTHWESTERN PENNSYLVANIA 149 by G. W. White Stratigraphic Correlations . 4 TILLS IN SOUTHERN SASKATCHEWAN, CANADA 167 by E. A. Christiansen TILL STRATIGRAPHY OF THE DANVILLE REGION, EAST-CENTRAL ILLINOIS 184 by W.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Sequence and Age of Ancestral Lake Erie Lake-Levels, Northwest Ohio
    62 ANCESTRAL LAKE ERIE LEVELS VOL. 115 Evidence of Sequence and Age of Ancestral Lake Erie Lake-Levels, Northwest Ohio TIMOTHY G. FISHER, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA; JOSEPH D. BLOCKLAND, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA, North Dakota Geological Survey, Bismarck, ND, USA; BRAD ANDERSON, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA, Nyrstar Tennessee Mines, Gordonsville, TN, USA; DAVID E. KRANTZ, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA; DONALD J. STIERMAN, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, OH, USA; RONALD GOBLE, Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Nebraska at Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA ABSTRACT. While the general scheme of the retreat of the Late Wisconsinan glacier from the ancestral Lake Erie basin is understood, the sequence and timing of those movements that caused lake-level changes are not well documented. Ground penetrating radar (GPR), electrical resistivity (ER), and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) techniques were used to analyze beach and sand dune formations in the Wauseon area in northwest Ohio. The beaches showed no evidence of being flooded after deposition. Thirteen (13) new OSL ages revealed a short time of approximately 1000 years (16.9–15.9 ka) for formation of the Maumee, Arkona and Whittlesey shorelines. Evidence supporting the Ypsilanti lowstand in the ancestral Lake Erie basin was not observed within two sequences of glacial lacustrine sediments. The results of OSL dating of sand dunes indicate a period of older activity (~14–15 ka) and confirmation of previous work that documented activity during the Younger Dryas cold period (~13–11.5 ka).
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings of the Indiana Academy of Science
    Glacial Stratigraphy of the Fort Wayne Area and the Draining of Glacial Lake Maumee 1 N. K. Bleuer and M. C. Moore Indiana Geological Survey, Blooming-ton, Indiana 47401 Abstract Two major glacial till sequences are present in the Fort Wayne area. The upper sequence consists of the clayey tills of the Lagro Formation and the lower consists of extremely hard loam tills that are correlated with the Trafalgar Formation. Both are Wisconsinan in age. The morphology and development of the Fort Wayne Outlet, the Six Mile Creek channel, and the Wabash-Erie Channel were controlled by a combination of bedrock topog- raphy, early glacial discharge routes, the lithology and thickness of glacial materials, and the most recent ice-controlled drainage. The morphology of the lake floor and the morphology and postglacial stratigraphy of the outlets of glacial Lake Maumee suggest that all three of the classic lake levels could have discharged at Fort Wayne and that the classical 800-foot, 760-foot, and 780-foot sequential order is without foundation. The lower hard tills could have slowed temporarily the downcutting of the Fort Wayne Outlet and stabilized the intermediate lake level. Introduction An ongoing study of the environmental geology of the Fort Wayne area, Allen County, Indiana, has required that we develop much more detailed knowledge of the glacial stratigraphy than has been known here- tofore. Therefore, we have accumulated a considerable amount of data in the form of water well records, engineering boring logs, shallow refrac- tion seismic records, measured sections of natural and artifical exposures, and logs of our own power augering.
    [Show full text]
  • St. Joseph-Maumee Watershed (HUC – 04100003) Indiana
    St. Joseph-Maumee Watershed (HUC – 04100003) Indiana Rapid Watershed Assessment St. Joseph-Maumee Watershed Rapid Watershed Assessments provide initial estimates of where conservation investments would best address the concerns of land owners, conservation districts, and community organizations and stakeholders. These assessments help land owners and local leaders set priorities and determine the best actions to achieve their goals. Helping People Help the Land 1 St. Joseph-Maumee Watershed (HUC – 04100003) Indiana St. Joseph-Maumee Watershed Helping People Help the Land 2 St. Joseph-Maumee Watershed (HUC – 04100003) Indiana Introduction The St. Joseph-Maumee watershed is an eight digit (04100003) hydrologic unit code HUC) watershed located in the Northeast corner of the State. The watershed drainage area is just over 380,265 acres. The watershed covers four Indiana counties. It is subdivided into 38 subbasins represented on the map by 12 digit HUCs (Figure 2-1). One of two St. Joseph Rivers in Indiana, this river originates in Michigan and flows through Ohio before turning into northeastern Indiana. At the point where the St. Joseph converges with the St. Mary's River to form the Maumee River, the French and then the British built forts which eventually came to be called Fort Wayne after General Anthony Wayne. During the nineteenth century the St. Joseph River was a center of attraction as steamboats plied its waters and part of the river was diverted to supply water for the central section of the Wabash-Erie Canal (IDNR 1999). Helping People Help the Land 3 St. Joseph-Maumee Watershed (HUC – 04100003) Indiana Common Resource Area The common resource area for the St.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of the Ann Arbor Quadrangle
    DESCRIPTION OF THE ANN ARBOR QUADRANGLE. By I. C. Russell and Frank Leverett." GEOGRAPHY. kames, eskers, outwash aprons, basins, till plains, moraine to the first well-defined moraine south­ draining a large part of Wayne County, also drains gravel plains are noted and described in the dis­ east of it. In addition to the features mentioned, a narrow area along the eastern border of the north­ CIVIC RELATIONS. cussion of the glacial geology, and therefore atten­ this district is traversed by several lines of glacial ern half of the Ann Arbor quadrangle. The Ann Arbor quadrangle, embracing an area tion is here directed only to certain strongly marked drainage that lead northwestward into the interlo­ Lakes. Within the limits of the quadrangle of 884.85 square miles, is in the southeastern part topographic belts. These belts, named in order bate belt. These are much broader than the depres­ there are nearly 150 small bodies of standing of the Southern Peninsula of Michigan, the city of from east to west, are (1) the lake plain; (2) the sions just noted, being in some places more than a water which occupy basins of sufficient depth to Ann Arbor being near its geographic center. It morainic system on the western border of the mile wide, and are filled with flat-surfaced deposits be debarred from ready drainage. Some of these is bounded by parallels 42° and 42° 30' north lati­ lake plain; (3) the interrnorainic strips with nearly of sand and gravel left by the streams that formed bodies are without outlet; others discharge to tude and meridians 83° 30' and 84° west longitude, plane surfaces; (4) the interlobate moraine, with its them.
    [Show full text]
  • The Original Vegetation of Van Wert County, Ohio
    THE ORIGINAL VEGETATION OF VAN WERT COUNTY, OHIO E. E. GOOD Department of Zoology and Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus 10 INTRODUCTION Ohio is an area where profound changes have taken place since the coming of the first settlers. This is true for all of Ohio but perhaps most strikingly so in the northwestern portion where this study was conducted. Many parts of the environ- ment are involved, but clearing of the forest and drainage of the land have, perhaps, wrought the most drastic changes. According to Diller (1944), less than four percent of the land in the county remains in forest and this percentage continually declines. Those remnants of woodland which still remain are greatly different from the original forest and they continue to change. Disease has nearly extermi- nated the American elm. Grazing is causing a rapid deterioration of existing mature trees and the complete elimination of reproduction and the understory. Assuming that management does not change, within a few decades there may be almost no timbered tracts remaining. It seems desirable to record what informa- tion can be gathered while it is still available. The work reported here is a portion of a broader study dealing with the history of the natural resources of Van Wert County, Ohio. Van Wert County is particularly interesting, first because it is part of an area which was the last in the state to be settled and developed for agriculture. The changes, therefore, are relatively recent. Secondly, it is an intensively farmed region and, therefore, the magnitude of the change is great.
    [Show full text]
  • LEVERETT the Amhurstburg Quadrangle but Are Very Scanty Further South
    Open File Report LXI The east border of Lake Rouge is marked by sandy deposits southward from the delta to about 2 miles into FIELD NOTES OF FRANK LEVERETT the Amhurstburg quadrangle but are very scanty further south. There is a very level tract with clay soil and Notebook No. 299 - Leverett scattered boulders over the area below the 600 contour as well as above it. COUNTY There is a slight suggestion of shore work west of Branch Lukerville, 1/8 mile ± from the crossroads with a Chippewa perceptible downward slope to the west and a slight Hillsdale sandy coating. This seems likely to mark the Lake Jackson Rouge limit. The shore is not clearly defined south or Keweenaw southwest from there so it is not feasible to trace it into Keweenaw Peninsula the head of the Big Creek drainage in the way I had Macomb hoped to do. The lake may have extended to within two Mackinac miles of the place where Big Creek is crossed by the Midland & Isabella M.C.R.R. east of the quarries. The valley of Big Creek is Monroe very narrow and sinuous for a mile above the railroad St. Clair bridge but is wider where the creek turns from a N.W. to Washtenaw a S.W. course. There is a wider channel on a small Wayne tributary north from there than on the creek above this OTHER STATES bend. It suggests a spillway coming in from the north. This seems to open out into a feature less plain within a Illinois mile from the bend of Big Creek.
    [Show full text]