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Reign of Mansa Musa Trade in Mali Government Manden Charter Year

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Reign of Mansa Musa Trade in Mali Government Manden Charter Year Year 8 Autumn Knowledge Organiser for History – Pre-Colonisation Africa (Spotlight on Mali) Reign of Mansa Musa GovernmentGovernment of Mali • 10th Mansa (emperor). Described by some historians as the wealthiest individual to have ever lived. • The Empire of Mali grew out of Wagadou (the Empire of Ghana) following its collapse into smaller kingdoms. • Brought architects from Andalusia (Spain) to Mali, building • The Mansa (emperor) oversaw the Empire, which was divided Madrasas, Mosques and Universities. into provinces administered by governors called Ferbas. The army was organised by nobles and consisted of cavalry, • University of Sankore became centre of learning with up to archers and foot-soldiers. 700,000 books. • Major cities included: Timbuktu and Niani (the capital), • During his reign, Mali had at least 400 cities, many of these complete with grand mosques, universities, madrasas (religious schools). At it’s height, there were 20 million subjects densely populated urban centres. of the empire. • Mali may have been the largest producer of gold in the world. Manden Charter • Devalued the price of gold in Cairo during his Hajj due to the Also known as Kurukan Fuga, the Manden Charter is one of the immense wealth of his pilgrimage party. earliest examples of a charter on human rights. The charter (which was memorised and recited but not written down) has Trade in Mali several chapters covering: social peace, diversity, food security, freedom of speech and trade. Salt, copper and gold were the main items traded. Trade in and out of the Empire was taxed, making the Empire of Mali Example articles of the charter: extremely wealthy. Merchants would travel across the Sahara • Everyone has a right to life and the protection of their body. using camel caravans, connecting Mali with Andalusia, Tunis • Never offend women, our mothers and Egypt and the main routes of the silk roads. • The freedom for communities to mock each-other in a joking but truthful manner is permitted, even against the King! • In battle, you may kill your enemy but not humiliate him. 1235 1324 1542 Sundjata Keita 1255 1311 1312 Mansa Musa’s Songhay invasion of Niani, establishes Kingdom Death of Sundjata Abu Bakr takes 200 Abu Bakr’s regent pilgrimage to capital. Slow decline of the of Mali following Keita ships on his Atlantic becomes Mansa Mecca Empire continues into 1600s. Battle of Kirina expedition Musa. Year 8 Autumn Knowledge Organiser for History – Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: Key Terms Slave Resistance: Key Terms and People Triangular Slave Trade – Abolitionist – A person who was actively against the slave trade and 1. Manufactured goods from Britain (and other European wanted freedom for all enslaved people. countries) were sent to the west coast of Africa. Pots, pans, cloth, guns, hardware as well as spirits and tobacco. Underground Railroad – 2. For these items, places such as Senegal, Gambia and the a network of secret routes and safe houses established Gold Coast sold their enslaved people. The ships with their in the United States during the early to mid 1800s and new cargo set sail for America (including the Caribbean and used by enslaved African-Americans to escape into free parts of South America). states and Canada. The scheme was assisted by 3. Once there the enslaved people were sold (usually at abolitionists and others sympathetic to the cause of the escapees. auction). The slave ships were stocked with produce to trade in Europe for high profits. Harriet Tubman – Middle Passage – The enslaved people were branded Known as the “Moses of her people,” Harriet Tubman was enslaved, escaped, and helped others gain their with hot irons and restrained with shackles. Their freedom as a “conductor" of the Underground Railroad. "living quarters" was often a deck within the ship that had less Tubman also served as a scout, spy, guerrilla soldier, than five feet of headroom. With 300 to 400 people packed in a and nurse for the Union Army during the Civil War. She tiny area with little ventilation and, in some cases, not even is considered the first African American woman to serve in the military. enough space to place buckets for human waste, disease was prevalent. A slave who tried to starve him or herself was tortured. The Haitian Revolution – If torture didn't work, the slave was force fed, it is estimated that often been described as the largest and most ten and twenty percent of those transported lost their lives. successful slave rebellion in the Western Hemisphere. Slaves initiated the rebellion in 1791 and by 1803 they Plantations – A type of large farm where multiple slaves had succeeded in ending not just slavery but French worked under horrific conditions. Slavery in America was control over the colony. kept in the south of the country. There were many plantations in Toussaint l’Overture – South America and the Caribbean. They grew cotton, tobacco, sugar and other produce. Slaves were often split into two groups; Leader of the Haitian rebellion of enslaved people. field hands (those that worked in the fields) and house slaves, who acted as servants. Runaway slaves were treated badly – whipping, or even cutting off limbs..
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