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Ophrys Passionis Et Ophrys Marzuola (Orchidaceae) En Catalogne

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Ophrys Passionis Et Ophrys Marzuola (Orchidaceae) En Catalogne Flora Montiberica 78: 92-103 (XI-2020) ISSN 1138-5952 – eISSN 1988-799X OPHRYS PASSIONIS ET OPHRYS MARZUOLA (ORCHIDACEAE) EN CATALOGNE Romieg SOCA 7, route des Cévennes. F-34380-Saint-Martin-de-Londres (Francia). [email protected] RÉSUMÉ : L’auteur propose son point de vue à propos de deux taxons, Ophrys passionis et Ophrys exaltata subsp. marzuola, parfois mal interprétés. O. exaltata subsp. marzuola n’est pas reconnu par les auteurs catalans qui l’assimilent à O. sphegodes ou à O. arachnitiformis. O. passionis, décrit de Catalogne, a lui aussi été longtemps considéré soit comme un synonyme d’O. sphegodes subsp. garganica soit comme un représentant de la série exaltata. Cette étude est le résultat de quarante années d’herborisations, de l’étude des herbiers et de la bibliographie. Elle permet de clarifier la cartographie de ces deux taxons en Catalogne. Leur taxonomie est ensuite exposée. Le changement de statut d’Ophrys exaltata subsp. marzuola en l’élevant au rang spécifique est proposé. Mots-clés: Ophrys, marzuola, passionis; cartographie; taxonomie; Catalogne; Espagne. RESUMEN: Ophrys passionis y Ophrys marzuola (Orchidaceae) en Cataluña. El autor expone su punto de vista sobre dos táxones: Ophrys passionis y Ophrys exaltata subsp. marzuola, que han sido malinterpretados en algunas ocasiones. O. exaltata subsp. marzuola no es reconocida por los autores ca- talanes que la equiparan con O. sphegodes u O. arachnitiformis. O. passionis, descrito de Cataluña, se ha considerado durante mucho tiempo o bien un sinónimo de O. sphegodes subsp. garganica o como un representante de la serie exaltata. Este artículo es el resultado de cuarenta años de excursiones botánicas, estudio de algunos herbarios y bibliografía relacionada y permite aclarar la taxonomía y perfilar la distribución de estos dos táxones en Cataluña. Se propone el cambio de rango de O. exaltata subsp. marzuola a rango específico: Ophrys marzuola. Palabras clave: Ophrys, marzuola, passionis; cartografía; taxonomía; Cataluña; España. RESUM: Ophrys passionis i Ophrys marzuola (Orchidaceae) a Catalunya. L’autor proposa la seva opinió sobre dos tàxons, Ophrys passionis i Ophrys exaltata subsp. marzuola, de vegades mal inter- pretats. O. exaltata subsp. marzuola no és reconeguda pels autors catalans que l’equiparen a O. sphe- godes o O. arachnitiformis. O. passionis descrit a Catalunya, també ha estat considerat des de fa temps un sinònim d’O. sphegodes subsp. garganica, ja sigui com a representant de la sèrie exaltata. Aquest estudi és el resultat de quaranta anys d’excursions botàniques, estudis d’herbari i bibliografia. Permet aclarir el mapatge de la distribució d’aquests dos tàxons a Catalunya, i, tot seguit, se n’exposa la taxonomia. També proposa que l’O. exaltata subsp. marzuola passi a la categoria específica d’Ophrys marzuola. Paraules clau: Ophrys, marzuola, passionis; cartografia; taxonomia; Catalunya; Espanya. ABSTRACT: Ophrys passionis and Ophrys marzuola (Orchidaceae) in Catalonia (Spain). The author gives his point of view on two taxa, Ophrys passionis and Ophrys exaltata subsp. marzuola, sometimes misinterpreted. O. exaltata subsp. marzuola is not recognized by Catalan authors who confuse it with O. sphegodes or O. arachnitiformis. O. passionis, described from Catalonia, has also long been considered either as a synonym for O. sphegodes subsp. garganica or a representative of the exaltata series. This study is the result of forty years of botanical surveys, the study of herbaria and related literature. It clarifies the taxonomy and distribution of these two taxa in Catalonia. The change of status of O. exaltata subsp. marzuola by raising it to a specific rank is proposed. Keywords: Ophrys, marzuola, passionis; cartography; taxonomy; Catalonia; Spain. INTRODUCTION l’O. exaltata subsp. marzuola, et d’autre part pour dé- montrer que c’est bien l’O. passionis tel que nous l’en- Il m’a paru intéressant de cartographier Ophrys pas- tendons aujourd’hui que Sennen a décrit en 1926. sionis Sennen et Ophrys exaltata Ten. subsp. marzuola Geniez, Melki & Soca en Catalogne. Ces deux taxons ont HISTORIQUE: OPHRYS PASSIONIS EN été parfois mal interprétés (DEVILLERS-TERSCHUREN & DEVILLERS, 1994; PAULUS & GACK, 1999; DELFORGE, CATALOGNE 2004, 2006; GALESI & al., 2004; BAUMANN & LORENZ, SENNEN (1926) décrit de façon valide Ophrys passio- 2005; KREUTZ, 2005), voire confondus l’un avec l’autre nis en distribuant le taxon en planches d’herbier sur les- (DELFORGE, 2010; DELFORGE & BREUER, 2014; DEL- quelles est apposée une étiquette imprimée (TURLAND & FORGE & DEVILLERS, 2013; DEVILLERS-TERSCHUREN al., 2018. ICN Articles 29.1, 30.5, 30.6). J’ai consulté quel- & DEVILLERS, 2006; VERSTICHEL, 2014). Cet article tend à préciser la distribution d’O. passio- ques-unes de ces planches, outre celles de Barcelone nis en Catalogne: d’une part par comparaison à celle de (BC), dans les herbiers de Madrid (MA), de Genève (G), 92 R. SOCA de Montpellier (MPU) et de Paris (P) [figures 4 et 5]. indique: "labelle largement convexe-éggibeux." et "fleurit en Sennen ayant généreusement distribué ses récoltes, il est populeuse colonie, généralement pendant la Semaine Sainte". aussi possible de consulter ses planches dans d’autres Pour la morphologie des fleurs dans les trois feuilles que nous herbiers. Toutes les planches sont facilement reconnais- avons revues, la date de floraison et les données de la sables, car elles comportent l’étiquette imprimée repro- description, il s’agit d’O. sphegodes ssp. garganica ». Pourtant duite à la figure 1. 1926-Plantes d’Espagne-F. Sennen, n° l’ICN (TURLAND & al., 2018) est formel, voir les articles 5881, d’autant que cette étiquette comporte deux erreurs 29.1, 30.5 et 30.6. 30.8. d’imprimerie et il est donc facile de se rendre compte BALAYER (1986) publie, par l’entremise d’Aymonin, qu’elles ont toutes été imprimées en même temps. [1) C 25 descriptions nouvelles de l’Aude et des Pyrénées- Orientales. Parmi celles-ci trois variétés d’O. sphegodes au lieu de O, 2) accedens avec un e à l’envers.] (fig. 1). sont très difficilement attribuables. La quatrième pourrait être imputable à un synonyme d’O. passionis, malgré le fait qu’il soit indiqué la présence de gibbosités impor- tantes; et qu’une erreur d’imprimerie ait fait grandir le labelle (labellum = 12-20cm). [O. sphegodes subsp. sphego- des var. garganicoides Balayer, Bull. Soc. Bot. France, Lett. Bot. 133(3): 282. 1986.] PAULUS & GACK (1992: 120) citent brièvement un taxon présent en Catalogne sous l’appellation ‘Ophrys garganica (Nelson) O. & E. Danesch’ et ils attribuent la découverte du pollinisateur, Andrena carbonaria, à AR- NOLD (1981). Ils ne citent à aucun moment Ophrys pas- sionis comme insinué par DEVILLERS-TERSCHUREN & DEVILLERS (1994). Plus tard, DEVILLERS-TERSCHUREN & DEVILLERS Fig. 1. Étiquette imprimée présente sur les feuilles d'herbier (1994) ne retiennent qu’une citation du taxon dans «La distribuées par Sennen. 1926- Plantes d'Espagne, n ° 5881. flore du Tibidabo» (SENNEN, 1931: 35). Ce qui est éton- Cette étiquette comporte deux erreurs d'impression: 1) C au lieu nant, car déjà ARNOLD (1981) avait mis l’accent sur la de O ; 2) accedens avec un e à l'envers. première description valide de ce taxon. Ces deux auteurs déclarent que le binôme qu’ils citent est nomen nudum et Par la suite, SENNEN (1929, 1931) ne citera que deux décrivent le même taxon en prenant un spécimen à plus fois et très brièvement O. passionis. de 300 kms de distance ; apparemment, sans avoir vérifié NELSON (1962: 195-197, planches XXIX, XLVII, LVII, par eux-mêmes que le taxon existe toujours dans la zone carte n° 5) identifie les plantes d’Espagne (Catalogne) et de Barcelone. Ils le décrivent faisant partie du ‘groupe’ des Pouilles (sud de l’Italie), ainsi que du sud de la Fran- d’O. incubacea, « Ophrys passionis ressemble fort à Oph. ce (Provence) et de Sicile comme étant semblables mal- incubacea […] Nous avons examiné et photographié sur le gré quelques légères différences: "Artmäßig auftretend fin- terrain des populations des Bouches-du-Rhône, du Gard, des det sich Oph. sphecodes ssp. garganica in Apulien und Spanien. Grands Causses, d'Oléron, du Morbihan et comparé les docu- En Südfrankreich und auf Sizilien begegnet man jedoch hier ments photographiques obtenus avec ceux qui ont été recueillis und da Einzelindividuen, die ihr weitgehend gleichen" (« On en Catalogne par Pierre DELFORGE. Toutes ces populations trouve Oph. sphecodes ssp. garganica dans les Pouilles et en représentent une même entité » et «Ophrys garganica est très Espagne. Dans le sud de la France et en Sicile, on rencontre ici semblable à Oph. passionis, et peut-être conspécifique, comme et là des individus qui lui ressemblent dans une large mesure »). retenu par Paulus et Gack». Et donc ils créent un homo- Il les décrit sous l’appellation, non valide, d’O. sphe- nyme postérieur hétérotypique. godes Mill. subsp. garganica. [O. sphegodes subsp. garga- SANZ & NUET (1995: 176) considèrent que la descrip- nica E. Nelson, Monogr. Ophrys: 195-197. 1962. (‘sphecodes’) tion de Sennen in schedulis est valide et proposent la nom. inval. pro hyb.] combinaison: Oph. sphegodes subsp. passionis (Sennen) ARNOLD (1981: 23-27) traite le taxon sous l’appella- Sanz et Nuet. tion ‘O. sphegodes ssp. garganica Nelson’ et insiste sur le ARNOLD (1996) traite alors le taxon sous l’appellation fait qu’il ne peut s’agir d’un hybride avec O. incubacea O. garganica (Nelson) O. & E. Danesch, avec pour syno- comme l’avait présumé Nelson, car ce dernier n’existe en nyme, entre autres, O. passionis Sennen ainsi que la Catalogne que dans le sud de la province de Tarragona, combinaison effectuée par Sanz & Nuet l’année précé- et non dans la partie où a été décrit passionis. Arnold dente. assujettit donc les citations d’O. incubacea de Catalogne Quelques années plus tard, LEWIN & SOCA (2001) à O. sphegodes ssp.
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