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Soils of Lower Silesia [Gleby Dolnego Śląska]

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Soils of Lower Silesia [Gleby Dolnego Śląska] GLEBY DOLNEGO ŚLĄSKA: geneza, różnorodność i ochrona SOILS OF LOWER SILESIA: origins, diversity and protection SOILS of Lower Silesia: origins, diversity and protection Monograph edited by Cezary Kabała Polish Society of Soil Science Wrocław Branch Polish Humic Substances Society Wrocław 2015 GLEBY Dolnego Śląska: geneza, różnorodność i ochrona Praca zbiorowa pod redakcją Cezarego Kabały Polskie Towarzystwo Gleboznawcze Oddział Wrocławski Polskie Towarzystwo Substancji Humusowych Wrocław 2015 Autorzy (w porządku alfabetycznym) Contributors (in alphabetic order) Jakub Bekier Andrzej Kocowicz Tomasz Bińczycki Mateusz Krupski Adam Bogacz Grzegorz Kusza Oskar Bojko Beata Łabaz Mateusz Cuske Marian Marzec Irmina Ćwieląg-Piasecka Agnieszka Medyńska-Juraszek Magdalena Dębicka Elżbieta Musztyfaga Bernard Gałka Zbigniew Perlak Leszek Gersztyn Artur Pędziwiatr Bartłomiej Glina Ewa Pora Elżbieta Jamroz Agnieszka Przybył Paweł Jezierski Stanisława Strączyńska Cezary Kabała Katarzyna Szopka Anna Karczewska Rafał Tyszka Jarosław Kaszubkiewicz Jarosław Waroszewski Dorota Kawałko Jerzy Weber Jakub Kierczak Przemysław Woźniczka Recenzenci Reviewers Tadeusz Chodak Michał Licznar Jerzy Drozd Stanisława Elżbieta Licznar Stanisław Laskowski Polskie Towarzystwo Gleboznawcze Oddział Wrocławski Polskie Towarzystwo Substancji Humusowych Redakcja: Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocławiu Instytut Nauk o Glebie i Ochrony Środowiska 50-357 Wrocław, ul. Grunwaldzka 53 Druk i oprawa: Ultima-Druk Sp z o.o. 51-123 Wrocław, ul. W. Pola 77a ISBN 978-83-934096-4-8 Monografia Monograph wydana z okazji published on the ocassion 29. kongresu of 29th congress Polskiego Towarzystwa of the Polish Society Gleboznawczego of Soil Science we Wrocławiu in Wrocław oraz and Międzynarodowego Roku International Year of Soil Gleby (IYS2015) (IYS2015) Współorganizatorzy Coorganizers 29. Kongresu PTG of the 29. congress PSSS Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy we Wrocław University Wrocławiu of Environmental and Life Polskie Towarzystwo Sciences Gleboznawcze Polish Society of Soil Science Polskie Towarzystwo Polish Humic Substances Society Substancji Humusowych Committee for Soil Science, Komitet Gleboznawstwa and Agricultural Chemistry i Chemii Rolnej PAN of Polish Academy of Sciences Współorganizatorzy Coorganizers sesji terenowych of the field sessions Park Narodowy Gór Stołowych Stołowe Mts. National Park KGHM Polska Miedź SA KGHM Polska Miedź SA Oddział - Zakład Hydrotechniczny Branch - Zakład Hydrotechniczny Oddział - Huta Miedzi Legnica Branch - Huta Miedzi Legnica Biuro Urządzania Lasu Bureau for Forest Management i Geodezji Leśnej O. Brzeg and Geodesy in Brzeg Lasy Państwowe National Forest Administration Nadleśnictwo Wołów District Wołów Konferencja terenowa Field workshop “Gleby Pogórza Sudeckiego “Soils of the Sudety Foreland i Gór Stołowych” and the Stołowe Mountains” dofinansowana została przez was supported financially by Polską Akademię Nauk Polish Academy of Sciences - - Komitet Gleboznawstwa Committee for Soil Science i Chemii Rolnej and Agricultural Chemistry Spis treści Zagadnienia regionalne 1. Naturalne i gospodarcze uwarunkowania różnorodności zasobów glebowych Dolnego Śląska ....... 9 2. Przestrzenne zróżnicowanie gleb Dolnego Śląska ........... 25 3. Jakość i potencjał rolniczy gleb ................................................ 47 4. Gleby i siedliska leśne ................................................................... 61 5. Potencjalna i aktualna erozja wodna na Dolnym Śląsku w badaniach modelowych i eksperymentalnych .............. 69 6. Chemiczne zanieczyszczenie gleb i remediacja gleb zdegradowanych ................................................................... 83 7. Degradacja geotechniczna i rekultywacja terenów przekształconych przez górnictwo ......................................... 103 8. Charakterystyka i zasoby materii organicznej wybranych gleb Dolnego Śląska ............................................... 125 Przewodnik sesji terenowych 29. Kongresu PTG 9. Degradacja i ochrona gleb w rejonach oddziaływania przemysłu miedziowego na Dolnym Śląsku ....................... 139 10. Wpływ regulacji rzek i melioracji odwadniających na przeobrażenia gleb aluwialnych i siedlisk łęgowych ......................................................................... 159 11. Czarne ziemie i czarnoziemy Niziny Śląskiej ..................... 173 12. Transformacja gleb lessowych Dolnego Śląska w Holocenie – gleby kurhanów i ich otoczenia w rejonie Henrykowa .................................................................. 187 13. Gleby serpentynitowe w Masywie Ślęży ............................. 201 14. Gleby Gór Stołowych .................................................................... 209 15. Gleby organiczne Sudetów – wiek, właściwości i współczesne przeobrażenia .................................................... 225 Spis literatury ................................................................................................. 235 Contents Regional issues 1. Natural and economic background of soil resources diversity in Lower Silesia ............................................................ 9 2. Spatial variablity of soils in Lower Silesia ........................... 25 3. Evaluation of the soil quality and agricultural potential 47 4. Soils and forest habitats ............................................................... 61 5. Potential and actual water erosion in Lower Silesia in modeling and experimental studies ................................... 69 6. Chemical degradation and remediation of chemically degraded soils ................................................................................... 83 7. Degradation and reclamation of lands technically disturbed by mining activities ................................................... 103 8. Characteristics and reosurces of organic matter in selected soils of Lower Silesia ............................................... 125 Case studies Guide to the field sessions of the 29th congress of PSSS 9. Degradation and protection of soils in the areas affected by copper industry in Lower Silesia .................... 139 10. Effect of river regulation and drainage on transformations of alluvial soils and riparian habitats .................................................................... 159 11. Black earths and Chernozems in the Silesian Lowland . 173 12. Holocene transformation of loess soils in Lower Silesia – the soils in kurgans and their sorrundings near Henryków ................................... 187 13. Serpentinite soils in the Ślęża massif ...................................... 201 14. Soils of the Stołowe Mountains .................................................. 209 15. Distribution, age and transformation of organic soils in the Sudety Mountains ............................................................... 225 References ......................................................................................................... 235 Rozdział 1 Naturalne i gospodarcze uwarunkowania różnorodności zasobów glebowych Dolnego Śląska Chapter 1 Natural and economic background for soil resources diversity in Lower Silesia 1.1 Lokalizacja, ukształtowanie 1.1 Location, landforms and geology terenu i budowa geologiczna Dolny Śląsk, utożsamiany z woje- Lower Silesia region, identified as wództwem dolnośląskim, jest częścią the Lower Silesian Voivodeship, is a historycznej krainy Śląska, położonej part of the historical land known as w południowo-zachodniej Polsce nad Silesia, located in southern-western środkową Odrą. Obecnie obejmuje Poland along the middle Oder river. także części województwa lubuskiego Presently, historical Silesia also covers i opolskiego oraz niewielkie skrawki parts of Lubuskie Voivodeship and województwa wielkopolskiego. Z jed- Opolskie Voivodeship, as well as a nej strony oznacza to włączenie frag- small part of Wielkopolskie Voivode- mentów Łużyc, czy Ziemi Kłodzkiej, a z ship. This means that part of Lusatia drugiej wyłączenie fragmentów histo- (Łużyce) as well as Kłodzko land have rycznego Dolnego Śląska leżących w been included, but from the other innych jednostkach administracyj- hand, parts of historic lands, such as nych, np. miasto Nysa. the town Nysa, have been excluded. Województwo dolnośląskie zróżni- Lower Silesia can be divided into cowane jest na dwie części: północno- two parts: the north-eastern lowlands wschodnią nizinną oraz południowo- and the mountains in the south-west zachodnią górską (Fig. 1.1). Obszar (Fig. 1.1). The southwestern part of południowo-zachodniej Polski wpisuje Poland has a belt system terrain main- się w pasowy układ rzeźby terenu, o ly because of its specific geology. Oro- którym zdecydowała przede wszyst- graphic movements have had a signifi- kim specyficzna budowa geologiczna. cant impact on the landform, but the Istotny wpływ na ukształtowanie po- influence of the ice sheets was pre- wierzchni miały ruchy orograficzne, a dominant. The area of Lower Silesia przede wszystkim działalność lądolo- consists of two main units, which con- dów. Z geologicznego punktu widzenia stituted one crystalline massif in the na obszarze Dolnego Śląska mamy do recent geological past. czynienia z dwoma głównymi jednost- Gleby Dolnego Śląska: geneza, różnorodność i ochrona. C. Kabała (red.), PTG, PTSH, Wrocław, 2015 Soils of Lower Silesia: origin, diversity and protection. C. Kabała (ed.), PTG, PTSH, Wrocław, 2015 9 kami, które w nieodległej przeszłości The crystalline massif was divided geologicznej stanowiły jeden krysta- into two parts by
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