DOCSLIB.ORG

Single and Double Doping of Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide with Silver And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Single and Double Doping of Nanostructured Titanium Dioxide with Silver and Copper: Structural, Optical and Gas-Sensing Properties by NUBI OLATUNBOSUN OWOLABI THESIS Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in PHYSICS in the FACULTY OF SCIENCE & AGRICULTURE (School of Physical and Mineral Sciences) at the UNIVERSITY OF LIMPOPO PROMOTER: Prof. K.E. Rammutla CO-PROMOTER: Dr. T.E. Mosuang 2016 Dedications This one is for you, my late parents. A little too late perhaps, but I got there in the end: Baba, Mama: Bawo ni iba ti dun mo mi ninu to kani e wa laye. Mo dupe pupo lowo yin nitoriwipe e ko fi mi sile. E duro timi titi e fi fi aiye sile. Nitori eyi ni mo fi da lokan wipe mo ma yonju eleyi, yala ohun to o ma gba. E sun re o. i Declaration I declare that SINGLE AND DOUBLE-DOPING OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH SILVER AND COPPER: STRUCTURAL, OPTICAL AND GAS-SENSING APPLICATIONS hereby submitted to the University of Limpopo, for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Physics) has not previously been submitted by me for a degree at this or any other university; that it is my work in design and in execution, and that all material contained herein has been duly acknowledged.. ………………………………………………………………………………………………….. NUBI OO (Mr) Date ii Acknowledgements The synthesis of the nanostructured titanium dioxide samples studied in this research was primarily carried out in the laboratories of the University of Limpopo. Other experimental facilities, particularly those involving sample characterisation, were made available through collaboration with other research centres. For financial and equipment support we acknowledge: University of Limpopo (UL) National Research Foundation (NRF) Centre for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) Department of Science and Technology (DST) India-Brazil-South Africa (IBSA) Academic/research support, supervision and guidance: Prof Erasmus Rammutla (RIP God-sent) Dr Thuto Mosuang Dr Bonex Nwakikunga Gratitude Statement: God made. Papa moulded. Mama nurtured. Wife persevered. Children endured. Uncle insisted. Friends supported. Existence is priceless! I am really very grateful. iii Abstract Single and double doped nanometric powders of titanium dioxide (TiO2) were synthesised by the sol-gel process using titanium isopropoxide (TTIP) as the precursor. For comparison, an undoped sample was also prepared. The metal dopants, Ag and Cu, were used at doping levels of 5% molar weight. The samples were dried at 100°C in air and post annealing was done at 300°C, 600°C, 900°C and 1100°C. Structural characterisation of the samples was carried out by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDS) techniques. Most samples annealed at the 300°C temperature (and lower) revealed the predominantly-anatase phase, while those annealed at 900°C and above were rutile-only. The double-doped powder that was annealed at 300°C was found to be constituted by anatase and brookite phases (with the dopants incorporated into the TiO2 matrix), and the one annealed at 600°C was a mixture of brookite and rutile. The results suggest that multiple doping of titania may favour a two-phase structure at lower temperatures than singly-doped powders. The co-existence of brookite with anatase is believed to be responsible for the enhancement of anatase to rutile transformation in the double-doped sample. UV-visible (UV-vis) and Photoluminescence (PL) measurements were also carried out to study the optical properties of the TiO2 nanoparticles. This revealed the active PL band at around 440 nm. By narrowing the band gap, the double-doped powders that exhibited the brookite phase, again showed improved visible light photo absorption over the other samples, with a significant shift of the absorption edge to shorter wavelengths. Further, PL spectra revealed a change in PL intensity with phase change, as well as the presence of exciton energy levels at the base of the conduction band. The changes in the electrical conductivities of representative anatase and rutile TiO2 nanopowders upon exposure to water-vapour, ammonia (NH3) and hydrogen (H2) were also investigated. Sensing measurements for water-vapour was done at room temperature for various humidity levels ranging from 5.4% RH to 88.4% RH. The detection of NH3 and H2 gases were carried out at temperatures extending from room temperature to 350°C and over concentration ranges of 25 sccm to 500 sccm and 15 iv sccm to 200 sccm respectively. The gas-sensing results show that the sol-gel fabricated TiO2 nanoparticles (particularly in anatase form), has excellent fast and stable dynamic responses to humidity, NH3 and H2. They feature good sensitivities, even at a low operating temperatures. However, acceptor behaviour, for which there was a conductivity switch from n-type to p-type, was recorded for the Ag-doped rutile powders at operating temperatures of 300ºC and 350ºC. Overall, the double-doped sample annealed at 300ºC was deemed the most promising candidate for gas- sensing. Ni Soki… TiO2 bintin je atikun ti o se pataki ni orisirisi ona, papa julo ti a ba fi silifa ati kopa die- die kun lapapo. v Table of Contents Dedications ................................................................................................................... i Declaration .................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................... iii Abstract ...................................................................................................................... iv List of Tables .............................................................................................................. xi List of Figures ........................................................................................................... xiii 1. BACKGROUND ................................................................................................... 1 1.1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................... 2 1.1.1 Resent Research .................................................................................... 2 1.1.2 Key concepts .......................................................................................... 4 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEM ................................................................................ 4 1.2.1 Source and Background of the Problem ................................................. 4 1.2.2 Statement of the Research Problem ....................................................... 5 1.3 LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................. 5 1.4 PURPOSE OF THE STUDY .......................................................................... 6 1.4.1 Research Aim ......................................................................................... 6 1.4.2 Hypothesis .............................................................................................. 6 1.4.3 Specific Objectives .................................................................................. 6 1.5 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ..................................................................... 7 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH ............................................. 7 1.7 SCOPE, LIMITATIONS AND DELIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY ................. 8 1.8 DISSERTATION OUTLINE ........................................................................... 9 2. FUNDAMENTALS & LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................... 10 2.1 INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................... 11 2.2 RESEARCH IN NANOTECHNOLOGY ........................................................ 12 2.3 SCIENTIFIC REVIEWS ON NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIUM DIOXIDE ... 14 vi 2.4 NANOPARTICLES AND NANOPOWDERS ................................................ 14 2.5 PROPERTIES OF NANOSTRUCTURED TITANIA ..................................... 17 2.5.1 Structural Properties of Nanosized Titania ............................................ 17 2.5.2 Thermodynamic Properties of Nanosized Titania ................................. 20 2.5.3 X-ray Diffraction Properties of Nanosized Titania ................................. 22 2.5.4 Raman Vibration Properties of Nanosized Titania ................................ 25 2.5.5 Electronic Properties of Nanosized Titania ........................................... 26 2.5.6 Optical Properties of Nanosized Titania ................................................ 30 2.5.7 Photon-Induced Electron & Hole Properties of Nanosized Titania ........ 33 2.5.8 Gas Sensing Properties of Nanosized Titania....................................... 34 2.6 SYNTHESIS OF TITANIA NANOSTRUCTURES ........................................ 45 2.6.1 The Sol-Gel Method .............................................................................. 45 2.6.2 Non-Hydrolytic Sol Method ................................................................... 49 2.6.3 Micelle and Inverse Micelle Methods .................................................... 52 2.6.4 Hydrothermal Method ........................................................................... 54 2.6.5 Solvothermal Method ............................................................................ 57 2.6.6 Direct Oxidation Method ......................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Brno University of Technology

    Brno University of Technology

    BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY Faculty of Chemistry DOCTORAL THESIS Brno, 2016 Ing. Tomá Solný BRNO UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY VYSOKÉ UENÍ TECHNICKÉ V BRN FACULTY OF CHEMISTRY FAKULTA CHEMICKÁ INSTITUTE OF MATERIALS SCIENCE ÚSTAV CHEMIE MATERIÁL SYNTHESIS AND PHOTOCATALYTIC APPLICATIONS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE PÍPRAVA A APLIKACE FOTOKATALYTICKY AKTIVNÍHO OXIDU TITANIITÉHO DOCTORAL THESIS DIZERTANÍ PRÁCE AUTHOR Ing. Tomá Solný AUTOR PRÁCE SUPERVISOR doc. Ing. Petr Ptáek, Ph.D. KOLITEL BRNO 2016 ABSTRACT Hydrolysis conditions for different Ti-alkoxides were examined considering the impact of water to alkoxide ratio and temperature. The prepared hydrolysates and sintered TiO2 nanoparticles were examined with XRD, DTA – TGA, SEM – EDS, BET and PCCS analysis in order to identify the impact of hydrolysis on properties of prepared anatase particles. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthetized by easy one step precipitation method from Mohr´s salt solution and their crystallinity, size and surface properties were examined investigating the influence of temperature and coating by polycarboxylate ether superplasticizer. For immobilization of TiO2 on surfaces of magnetite combined method using the selected nanoparticles of TiO2 and Ti-alkoxides hydrolysis is performed in order to obtain photocatalytically active core–shell powder catalysator with enhanced adsorptive properties. Also the investigation on the applications of TiO2 on surfaces of Mn-Zn ferrite is done with studying the surface treatment by CVD deposition of C and Au layer. Photocatalytic activity of selected prepared photocatalysators is evaluated upon decomposition of methylene blue and isopropanolic and ethanolic vapors for Mn-Zn ferrite in experimental chemical reactor with magnetically holded powdered photocatalysator beds. KEYWORDS: Titanium oxide, anatase, photocatalytic activity, core-shell powder photocatalysator, magnetite, Mn-Zn ferrite, Ti-alkoxides, hydrolysis, sol-gel, nanoparticles.
  • Effect of the Titanium Isopropoxide:Acetylacetone Molar Ratio on the Photocatalytic Activity of Tio2 Thin Films

    Effect of the Titanium Isopropoxide:Acetylacetone Molar Ratio on the Photocatalytic Activity of Tio2 Thin Films

    molecules Article Effect of the Titanium Isopropoxide:Acetylacetone Molar Ratio on the Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2 Thin Films Jekaterina Spiridonova 1,* , Atanas Katerski 1, Mati Danilson 2 , Marina Krichevskaya 3,* , Malle Krunks 1 and Ilona Oja Acik 1,* 1 Laboratory of Thin Films Chemical Technologies, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] (A.K.); [email protected] (M.K.) 2 Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials Physics, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia; [email protected] 3 Laboratory of Environmental Technology, Department of Materials and Environmental Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.S.); [email protected] (M.K.); [email protected] (I.O.A.); Tel.: +372-620-3369 (I.O.A.) Academic Editors: Smagul Karazhanov, Ana Cremades and Cuong Ton-That Received: 31 October 2019; Accepted: 25 November 2019; Published: 27 November 2019 Abstract: TiO2 thin films with different titanium isopropoxide (TTIP):acetylacetone (AcacH) molar ratios in solution were prepared by the chemical spray pyrolysis method. The TTIP:AcacH molar ratio in spray solution varied from 1:3 to 1:20. TiO2 films were deposited onto the glass substrates at 350 ◦C and heat-treated at 500 ◦C. The morphology, structure, surface chemical composition, and photocatalytic activity of the obtained TiO2 films were investigated. TiO2 films showed a transparency of ca 80% in the visible spectral region and a band gap of ca 3.4 eV irrespective of the TTIP:AcacH molar ratio in the spray solution.
  • Sol-Gel Synthesis of Highly Oriented Lead Barium Titanate And

    Sol-Gel Synthesis of Highly Oriented Lead Barium Titanate And

    SOL-GEL SYNTHESIS OF HIGHLY ORIENTED LEAD BARIUM TITANATE AND LANTHANUM NICKELATE THIN FILMS FOR HIGH STRAIN SENSOR AND ACTUATOR APPLICATIONS Thesis by Stacey Walker Boland In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy California Institute of Technology Pasadena, CA 2005 (Defended March 14, 2005) ii © 2005 Stacey W. Boland All Rights Reserved iii Acknowledgements This thesis would not have been possible without the tremendous support I have received from family and friends. Words cannot express the gratitude I feel for my husband Justin Boland and my parents, Benn and April Walker, who have been my anchors to reality throughout this graduate school experience. I’d also like to thank those in my research group who have made life here so much richer. Special thanks to Lisa Cowan, Mary Thundathil, Martin Smith-Martinez, and Kenji Sasaki for the friendship in addition to the intellectual support. I’d also like to thank Melody Grubbs for her hard work and enthusiasm in the lab through the Caltech FSI and SURF programs, and again for continuing to work even after that! Thanks to my colleagues Victor Shih, P.J. Chen, and Scott Miserendino, who went out of their way to help me explore some of the integration strategies mentioned in Chapter IV, and to Justin, who also helped with these efforts! To my thesis supervisory and examination committee, Sossina Haile, Kaushik Bhattacharya, Dave Goodwin, and George Rossman, I’d like to thank you for your guidance throughout my research endeavors, and again for reading my thesis. Also thanks to… Caltech for letting me plant a garden full of daisies, Omar Knedlik for inventing the ICEE, and Brett Favre for being a great quarterback.
  • Synthesis and Stabilization of Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide

    Synthesis and Stabilization of Nano-Sized Titanium Dioxide

    Russian Chemical Reviews 78 (9) ? ± ? (2009) # 2009 Russian Academy of Sciences and Turpion Ltd DOI 10.1070/RC2009v078n09ABEH004082 Synthesis and stabilization of nano-sized titanium dioxide Z R Ismagilov, L T Tsykoza, N V Shikina, V F Zarytova, V V Zinoviev (deceased), S N Zagrebelnyi Contents I. Introduction II. The effect of synthesis conditions on the degree of dispersion, phase composition and properties of titanium dioxide III. Synthesis of nano-sized TiO2 from titanium alkoxides; product dispersion and phase composition IV. Synthesis of nano-sized TiO2 from TiCl4 ; product dispersion and phase composition V. Synthesis of TiO2 from miscellaneous titanium-containing precursors VI. Stabilization of the disperse state and phase composition of nano-sized TiO2 sols Abstract. The published data on the preparation and the containing TiO2 nanoparticles and aimed at curing cancer dispersion-structural properties of nano-sized TiO2 are and viral or genetic diseases. The necessity of developing considered. Attention is focused on its sol ± gel synthesis new approaches to fight against these diseases is associated from different precursors. The possibilities for the purpose- with the limitations inherent in conventional methods of ful control and stabilization of properties of TiO2 nano- therapy and profilaxis. Thus for viral infections, the therapy powders and sols are analyzed. Information on efficacy tends to decrease due to permanent mutation of physicochemical methods used in studies of the particle viruses. size and the phase composition of nanodisperse TiO2 is Development of methods for the targeted impact on presented. The prospects of using nano-sized TiO2 in injured RNA and DNA molecules includes studies of the medicine and nanobiotechnology are considered.
  • Template for Electronic Submission to ACS Journals

    Template for Electronic Submission to ACS Journals

    Sol-gel Chemistry of Titanium alkoxide towards HF: impacts of reaction parameters Wei Li, † Monique Body, § Christophe Legein, § and Damien Dambournet†,* † Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, CNRS, Laboratoire PHENIX, Case 51, 4 place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France § Université Bretagne Loire, Université du Maine, UMR CNRS 6283, Institut des Molécules et des Matériaux du Mans (IMMM), Avenue Olivier Messiaen, 72085 Le Mans Cedex 9, France KEYWORDS. Fluorolysis, hydrolysis, anatase, hexagonal-tungsten-bronze, oxy- hydroxyfluoride, titanium vacancies, 19F solid state NMR. ABSTRACT. The sol-gel chemistry of titanium-based oxide prepared in a fluorinated medium leads to oxy-hydroxyfluorinated framework owing to the occurrence of both hydrolysis and fluorolysis reactions. Here, a systematic study was carried out to investigate the impact of the sol-gel synthesis parameters on the reaction of titanium alkoxides and HF. This study provides comprehensive insights of the sol-gel process in a fluorinated medium. Depending on the extend of fluorination, two types of structures can be stabilized including an anatase Ti1-x-yx+yO2- 4(x+y)F4x(OH)4y and a fluoride-rich HTB Ti1-xxO1-4x(F,OH)2+4x phases, where refers to titanium vacancies. The reactivity of titanium alkoxide in alcohol toward HF has been shown to mostly depend on the solvent characteristics highlighting an alcohol interchange reaction 1 between the titanium precursor and the solvent. Increasing the fluorine concentration leads to a structural change from the anatase to the fluoride-rich HTB phase which is rationalized by the preferential linking modes of Ti octahedral subunits in relation with its anionic environment, i.e.
  • Microfabrication by Two-Photon Lithography, and Characterization, of Sio2/Tio2 Based Hybrid and Ceramic Microstructures

    Microfabrication by Two-Photon Lithography, and Characterization, of Sio2/Tio2 Based Hybrid and Ceramic Microstructures

    Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology https://doi.org/10.1007/s10971-020-05355-3 REVIEW PAPER: NANO-STRUCTURED MATERIALS (PARTICLES, FIBERS, COLLOIDS, COMPOSITES, ETC.) Microfabrication by two-photon lithography, and characterization, of SiO2/TiO2 based hybrid and ceramic microstructures 1 1 2 1 1 1 Anne Desponds ● Akos Banyasz ● Gilles Montagnac ● Chantal Andraud ● Patrice Baldeck ● Stephane Parola Received: 5 May 2020 / Accepted: 25 June 2020 © Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2020 Abstract High resolution fabrication using two-photon lithography is extensively studied for a large range of materials, from polymer to inorganics. Hybrid materials including a sol–gel step have been developed since two decades to increase mechanical or optical properties in particular on silicon-based materials. Among the metal oxide, few studies have been dedicated to titanium and, because of the high reactivity of titanium precursors, obtaining a resin with a high part of titanium is challenging. Indeed, resins for two-photon lithography have to be stable for the processing time and titanium precursors are more difficult to operate due to their higher reactivity and often require extreme working conditions in order to control the 1234567890();,: 1234567890();,: chemical processes. Here, we propose a method, working at ambient conditions, to print submicronic structures of organic–inorganic hybrids with a large proportion of titanium and ceramics using high resolution two-photon process. The material obtained and its evolution during the pyrolysis at 600 and 1000 °C are characterized. We show that TiO2/SiO2-based microceramics can be obtained after the pyrolysis of the microstructures. The respective roles of the two chemical reactions involved in this lithography process, sol–gel condensation and radical photopolymerization, are highlighted.
  • The Development and Improvement of Instructions

    The Development and Improvement of Instructions

    AMPHIPHILIC PHASE-TRANSFORMING CATALYSTS FOR TRANSESTERIFICATION OF TRIGLYCERIDES A Dissertation by GAYAN IVANTHA NAWARATNA Submitted to the Office of Graduate Studies of Texas A&M University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Approved by: Chair of Committee, Sandun Fernando Committee Members, Ronald Lacey Cady Engler Hae-Kwon Jeong Head of Department, Steve Searcy May 2013 Major Subject: Biological & Agricultural Engineering Copyright 2013 Gayan Ivantha Nawaratna ABSTRACT Heterogeneous catalytic reactions that involve immiscible liquid-phase reactants are challenging to conduct due to limitations associated with mass transport. Nevertheless, there are numerous reactions such as esterification, transesterification, etherification, and hydrolysis where two immiscible liquid reactants (such as polar and non-polar liquids) need to be brought into contact with a catalyst. With the intention of alleviating mass transport issues associated with such systems but affording the ability to separate the catalyst once the reaction is complete, the overall goal of this study is geared toward developing a catalyst that has emulsification properties as well as the ability to phase- transfer (from liquid-phase to solid-phase) while the reaction is ongoing and evaluating the effectiveness of such a catalytic process in a practical reaction. To elucidate this concept, the transesterification reaction was selected. Metal-alkoxides that possess acidic and basic properties (to catalyze the reaction), amphiphilic properties (to stabilize the alcohol/oil emulsion) and that can undergo condensation polymerization when heated (to separate as a solid subsequent to the completion of the reaction) were used to test the concept. Studies included elucidating the effect of metal sites and alkoxide sites and their concentration effects on transesterification reaction, effect of various metal alkoxide groups on the phase stability of the reactant system, and kinetic effects of the reaction ii system.
  • United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,931,316 Johnson 45 Date of Patent: Jun

    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,931,316 Johnson 45 Date of Patent: Jun

    United States Patent (19) 11 Patent Number: 4,931,316 Johnson 45 Date of Patent: Jun. 5, 1990 (54) PREPARATION OF INTERSTITIAL 56) References Cited TITANIUM CERAMIC FIBERS U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 2,668,284 2/1954. Dills .................................... 427/343 (75) Inventor: Robert E. Johnson, Hoboken, N.J. 3,399,979.9/1968 Hamling. ... 23/347 3,403,008 9/1968 Hamling ..... ... 23/344 3,846,527 11/1974 Winter et al. ... ... 264/63 (73) Assignee: Hoechst Celanese Corp., Somerville, 4,010,233 3/1977 Winter et al. ......................... 264/63 N.J. 4,126,652 11/1978 Oohara et al. .. ... 264/29.6 4,559,191 12/1985 Arons .................................... 264/60 4,732,750 3/1988 Olson et al. ......................... 423/609 21) Appl. No.: 240,645 Primary Examiner-Hubert C. Lorin Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Depaoli & O'Brien 22 Filed: Sep. 6, 1988 57 ABSTRACT Titanium-containing preceramic fibers are provided (51) Int. Cl. ....................... D06M 13/50; D01F 9/22 with a high loading of titanium by impregnating a poly (52) U.S. C. .................................... 427/227; 427/229; meric fiber with a liquid comprising a titanium alkoxide 427/337; 427/377; 427/380; 427/381; where the alkoxide contains at least 2 carbon atoms and 427/434.6; 264/29.1; 264/29.2; 264/83; precipitating the titanium alkoxide in the fiber as tita 264/129; 264/211 nium dioxide. Useful titanium alkoxides include tita 58 Field of Search .......................... 8/115.68, 115.69; nium tetraethoxide, titanium tetrabutoxide and titanium 427/335, 337,343,371, 227, 229,377,380,381, isopropoxide.
  • Tio2-Based Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications Journal of Nanomaterials

    Tio2-Based Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications Journal of Nanomaterials

    Journal of Nanomaterials TiO2-Based Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications Guest Editors: Yuekun Lai, Luning Wang, Dawei Liu, Zhong Chen, and Changjian Lin Nanomaterials TiO2-Based Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications Journal of Nanomaterials TiO2-Based Nanomaterials: Design, Synthesis, and Applications Guest Editors: Yuekun Lai, Luning Wang, Dawei Liu, Zhong Chen, and Changjian Lin Copyright © 2015 Hindawi Publishing Corporation. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Journal of Nanomaterials.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Com- mons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Domenico Acierno, Italy Samy El-Shall, USA Sanjeev Kumar, India Katerina Aifantis, USA Farid El-Tantawy, Egypt Sushil Kumar, India Sheikh Akbar, USA Ovidiu Ersen, France Prashant Kumar, UK NagehK.Allam,USA Claude Estournes,` France Subrata Kundu, India Margarida Amaral, Portugal Andrea Falqui, Saudi Arabia Michele Laus, Italy Raul Arenal, Spain Xiaosheng Fang, China Eric Le Bourhis, France Ilaria Armentano, Italy Bo Feng, China Burtrand Lee, USA Lavinia Balan, France Matteo Ferroni, Italy Jun Li, Singapore Thierry Baron, France Wolfgang Fritzsche, Germany Meiyong Liao, Japan Andrew R. Barron, USA Alan Fuchs, USA Silvia Licoccia, Italy Hongbin Bei, USA Peng Gao, China Wei Lin, USA Stefano Bellucci, Italy Miguel A. Garcia, Spain Jun Liu, USA Enrico Bergamaschi, Italy Siddhartha Ghosh, Singapore Zainovia Lockman, Malaysia D. Bhattacharyya, New Zealand P. K . G i r i , In d i a Songwei Lu, USA G. Bongiovanni, Italy Russell E. Gorga, USA Jue Lu, USA T. Borca-Tasciuc, USA Jihua Gou, USA Ed Ma, USA Mohamed Bououdina, Bahrain Jean M.
  • Microfabrication by Two-Photon Lithography, and Characterization, of Sio2/Tio2 Based Hybrid and Ceramic Microstructures Anne Desponds, A

    Microfabrication by Two-Photon Lithography, and Characterization, of Sio2/Tio2 Based Hybrid and Ceramic Microstructures Anne Desponds, A

    Microfabrication by two-photon lithography, and characterization, of SiO2/TiO2 based hybrid and ceramic microstructures Anne Desponds, A. Banyasz, Gilles Montagnac, Chantal Andraud, Patrice Baldeck, Stephane Parola To cite this version: Anne Desponds, A. Banyasz, Gilles Montagnac, Chantal Andraud, Patrice Baldeck, et al.. Micro- fabrication by two-photon lithography, and characterization, of SiO2/TiO2 based hybrid and ceramic microstructures. Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Springer Verlag, 2020, 95 (3), pp.733-745. 10.1007/s10971-020-05355-3. hal-03041137 HAL Id: hal-03041137 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03041137 Submitted on 4 Dec 2020 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Microfabrication by two-photon lithography, and characterization, of SiO 2/TiO 2 based hybrid and ceramic microstructures Anne Desponds 1, Akos Banyasz 1, Gilles Montagnac 2, Chantal Andraud 1, Patrice Baldeck 1, Stephane Parola 1 1Université de Lyon, Laboratoire de Chimie, CNRS UMR 5182, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364, Lyon, France. E-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 2Laboratoire de Géologie, CNRS UMR 5276, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Université de Lyon 1, 46 allée d’Italie, 69364, Lyon, France.
  • Synthesis and Technological Processing of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials for Photonic Applications

    Synthesis and Technological Processing of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Materials for Photonic Applications

    Synthesis and technological processing of hybrid organic-inorganic materials for photonic applications Dissertation zur Erlangung des naturwissenschaftlichen Doktorgrades der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg vorgelegt von Pélagie Declerck aus Chambray-lès-Tours, Frankreich Würzburg 2010 i. Index of abbreviations.………………………………………...……………………..…….5 ii. Definitions……………………………………………………………...……………..……7 ii.1 Water ratio r………………..…………………….………………………...………..…...7 ii.2 NMR notations for silicon species……………….……………..…………......…………7 ii.3 NMR notations for 13C and 1H………….…………….………...…..……...……………8 1 1. Introduction……………..……………………………...…………………….…9 2. Theoretical background…………..………………………………..………..12 2.1 Sol-gel process……..……………………...…………………………….………...12 2.1.1 Background of the sol-gel chemistry……………………………….....…….…...13 2.1.1.1 Chemical reactions…………………………………………………..………..……13 2.1.1.2 Chemical reactivity of metal alkoxides………………...…………….…....………14 2.1.2 Hybrid organic-inorganic materials……….………………………..…………..16 2.1.2.1 Class I materials………………..…………..………………………………………17 2.1.2.2 Class II materials…………………………………………………..…………..…..19 2.1.3 Organically modified silicon alkoxides…………………………..……...………22 2.1.3.1 Organic-inorganic hybrid polymeres..………………………………………..……22 2.1.3.2 Organically modified silicon alkoxides and transition metal alkoxides.….....…….25 2.2 Refractive index………………………………………….....…………………….27 2.2.1 Refractive index of materials……………………………..……………………...27 2.2.1.1 Inorganic oxidic materials………………………………...…...…………………..27 2.2.1.2 Organic materials……………………………………...…………………..….……29
  • State of the Science Literature Review: Nano Titanium Dioxide

    State of the Science Literature Review: Nano Titanium Dioxide

    Scientific, Technical, Research, Engineering and Modeling Support (STREAMS) Final Report State of the Science Literature Review: Nano Titanium Dioxide Environmental Matters R E S E A R C H A N D D E V E L O P M E N T EPA/600/R-10/089 August 2010 www.epa.gov Scientific, Technical, Research, Engineering and Modeling Support (STREAMS) Final Report Contract No. EP-C-05-059 Task Order No. 94 State of the Science Literature Review: Nano Titanium Dioxide Environmental Matters Prepared for Katrina Varner, Task Order Manager U.S. Environmental Protection Agency National Exposure Research Laboratory Environmental Sciences Division Las Vegas, NV 89119 Prepared by Eastern Research Group 10200 Alliance Road, Suite 190 Cincinnati, OH 45242 Although this work was reviewed by EPA and approved for publication, it may not necessarily reflect official Agency policy. Mention of trade names and commercial products does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development Washington, DC 20460 CONTENTS Page 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY......................................................................................................1-1 2. PURPOSE OF REPORT.........................................................................................................2-1 3. LITERATURE AND GRAY INFORMATION SEARCH STRATEGY.............................................3-1 3.1 Dialog® Search Strategy and Results..................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Dialog® Search Parameters.....................................................................3-2