1 The First 100 Years of Tariffs in Australia: the Colonies by P. J. Lloyd University of Melbourne Address for Correspondence: Department of Economics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic. 31010, Australia Phone: 61 3 83445291 Fax: 61 3 83446899 Email:
[email protected] 2 The First 100 Years of Tariffs in Australia: the Colonies Abstract This paper reviews the history of tariffs imposed by the six Australian colonies during the 19th century. First, in each of the colonies, it identifies the starting points for the first tariffs, first preferences, and other features and the turning points in the levels of tariffs. It then constructs time series of the average tariff levels in the individual colonies and an average for All Six Colonies Combined. The conclusion notes general features of the pattern of tariffs and how the main features of colonial tariffs carried over to the Commonwealth Customs Tariff in the 20th century. Keywords: colonies, average tariff rates, tariff revenue, protection JEL Code: N1, F13 Acknowledgements. I would like to thank --- Short running title: The First 100 Years of Tariffs in the Australian Colonies 3 1. Introduction The first tariffs on Australian territory were introduced in the colony of New South Wales by Governor King in 1800. Thus there is exactly 100 years of tariff history in Australia before the creation of the Commonwealth of Australia in 1901. This paper reviews the first 100 years of tariffs in Australia. In turn, this 100-year period divides neatly into two sub-periods of roughly equal length; the period of Imperial control of tariff-fixing, 1800 to 1855, and the period of colonial control after the passage of the Australian Colonies Government Act by the Imperial Parliament in 1850 enabled responsible government in the colonies, starting with New South Wales and Victoria in 1855.