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Versatile Three-Phase Power Electronics Converter Based Real- Time Load Emulators

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Versatile Three-Phase Power Electronics Converter Based Real- Time Load Emulators University of Tennessee, Knoxville TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange Doctoral Dissertations Graduate School 8-2015 Versatile Three-Phase Power Electronics Converter based Real- time Load Emulators Jing Wang University of Tennessee - Knoxville, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss Part of the Electrical and Electronics Commons, Numerical Analysis and Scientific Computing Commons, and the Power and Energy Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Jing, "Versatile Three-Phase Power Electronics Converter based Real-time Load Emulators. " PhD diss., University of Tennessee, 2015. https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/3478 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations by an authorized administrator of TRACE: Tennessee Research and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. To the Graduate Council: I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Jing Wang entitled "Versatile Three-Phase Power Electronics Converter based Real-time Load Emulators." I have examined the final electronic copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Electrical Engineering. Leon M. Tolbert, Major Professor We have read this dissertation and recommend its acceptance: Fred Wang, Kevin Tomsovic, Yulong Xing Accepted for the Council: Carolyn R. Hodges Vice Provost and Dean of the Graduate School (Original signatures are on file with official studentecor r ds.) Versatile Three-Phase Power Electronics Converter based Real-time Load Emulators A Dissertation Presented for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree The University of Tennessee, Knoxville Jing Wang August 2015 Copyright © 2015 by Jing Wang. All rights reserved. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This dissertation would not have been possible without the help of so many people in so many ways. First of all, my sincerest gratitude goes to my advisor, Dr. Leon M. Tolbert, for his endless support, great patience and numerous advices. Through my six years of journey of Master of Science and Doctor of Philosophy, he has always been there with solid research ideas and profound inspirations for me in the field of power electronics engineering. He shared with me his experience in research and taught me the right attitude towards life. Also, I am very grateful to Dr. Fred Wang, for his great help in instructing me how to perform and analyze in the research. Since the beginning, he has assisted and supervised me through most of my research projects. I learned and enjoyed his passionate and inspirational ways of conducting research, which will surely benefit me for a life time. I would like to thank Dr. Kevin Tomsovic, and Dr. Yulong Xing for their invaluable help as my PhD committee members and for their in-depth discussion about the research ideas. I would like to thank CURENT for its support of my PhD study. This center provides me with a great research atmosphere as well as friendly and helpful colleagues. Here in this big family, I would love to thank Liu Yang (Ms.), Yiwei Ma, Lu Wang (Ms.), Jingxin Wang, Wenchao Cao, Mitch Smith, Bo Liu, Shuoting Zhang, Dr. Xiaonan Lu for team-working with me in the same research project. Also I would like to thank iii Yutian Cui (Ms.), Dr. Zheyu Zhang, Weimin Zhang, Dr. Ming Li, Yalong Li, Xiaojie Shi (Ms.), Zhiqiang Wang, Ling Jiang (Ms.), Fei Yang, Ren Ren, Siyao Jiang, Chongwen Zhao, Dr. Lijun Hang, Dr. Xuan Zhang, Dr. Chunshui Du, Dr. Sheng Zheng, Dr. Wanjun Lei, Edward Jones, Brad Trento, Dr. Haifeng Lu, Dr. Wenjie Chen (Ms.) for all the discussions and interactions we had together. Also for the alumnus including Dr. Ben Guo, Dr. Shengnan Li (Ms.), Dr. Dong Jiang, Dr. Bailu Xiao (Ms.), Dr. Lakshmi Reddy Gopi Reddy (Ms.), Dr. Zhuxian Xu (Ms.), Dr. Fan Xu, I would like to express my sincere thanks to you guys for all the memory and valuable industry connections. Also, I would like to thank staff members, such as Robert Martin, Dana Bryson, Dr. Chien-fei Chen and Erin Wills. They are all very helpful with high dedication to their roles in the center throughout the time. Last, but not least, I would like to express my deepest love to my parents Chao Wang and Xianhua Meng (Ms.), my sister Yingying Wang (Ms.), and my dearest husband Andrew Morris for their unconditional support. It was such a strong boost of willpower to have the beloved one standing by me when I was depressed and frustrated. Without their support and encouragement, this work is never possible. This dissertation made use of Engineering Research Center Shared Facilities supported by the Engineering Research Center Program of the National Science Foundation and the Department Of Energy under NSF Award Number EEC-1041877 and the CURENT Industry Partnership Program. iv ABSTRACT This dissertation includes the methodology, implementation, validation, as well as real-time modeling of a load emulator for a reconfigurable grid emulation platform of hardware test-bed (HTB). This test-bed was proposed by Center of Ultra-wide-area Resilient Electric Energy Transmission Network (CURENT) at the University of Tennessee, at Knoxville in 2011, to address the transmission level system challenges posed by contemporary fast changing energy technologies. Detailed HTB introduction, including design concept, fundamental units and hardware construction, is elaborated. In the development, current controlled three-phase power electronics converter based emulator unit is adopted to create desired power system loading conditions. In the application, constant impedance, constant current and constant power (ZIP) load has been emulated to represent power system steady state load, with reference to voltage and frequency variations. Also, an induction motor represented dynamic load emulator is developed with a focus on grid-tied starting transient emulation. The technical challenges on the induction motor emulator’s hardware and software capabilities to represent the fast varying transient is encountered, analyzed and solved in the development process. They include: emulator hardware tracking bandwidth, real-time digital microprocessor calculation capability, credibility of motor emulator’s performance, and electromagnetic/electromechanical transient numerical accuracy. v TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................ 1 1.1 Application Background ..................................................................................... 1 1.2 Grid Study Analysis Tool ................................................................................... 4 1.2.1 Computer Simulation Software............................................................... 4 1.2.2 Mini Grid Test Bed ................................................................................. 7 1.2.3 Real-time Simulation/Emulation Platform ............................................. 9 1.3 Motivation and Strategy .................................................................................... 16 1.4 Dissertation Outline .......................................................................................... 18 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 21 2.1 Power Loading Options .................................................................................... 21 2.1.1 Passive and Scaled Physical Load ........................................................ 22 2.1.2 Regenerative Electronic Load ............................................................... 24 2.1.3 Induction Motor Emulator .................................................................... 30 2.2 Real-time Transient Solutions ........................................................................... 34 2.3 Research Challenges and Approaches .............................................................. 37 CHAPTER 3 HTB POWER EMULATOR UNIT AND SYSTEM ................................. 40 3.1 Emulators Basic Units and Structure ................................................................ 40 3.2 HTB Two-area Network ................................................................................... 41 3.3 Current Control Type Emulator Unit ................................................................ 43 3.3.1 Emulator Tracking Bandwidth .............................................................. 45 3.3.2 Converter Interface Issues..................................................................... 50 3.3.3 Numerical Performance of Real-time Model ........................................ 51 3.3.4 Abc-dq transformation .......................................................................... 59 3.4 Hardware Design and Structure ........................................................................ 62 3.4.1 Overall Structure (Teamwork) .............................................................. 62 3.4.2 Emulator Unit Configuration ................................................................ 64 3.4.3 Auxiliary Power Supply ........................................................................ 67 3.5 Summary ........................................................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 4 STATIC LOAD EMULATOR ..................................................................
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