Features of MSC.Marc the World Leader in Nonlinear and Coupled Physics Simulation Features of MSC.Marc

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Features of MSC.Marc The World Leader in Nonlinear and Coupled Physics Simulation Features of MSC.Marc

MSC.Software Corporation, the world leader in nonlinear and coupled physics simulation, introduces you to MSC.Marc, an integrated member of the MSC.visualNastran Enterprise family. MSC.Marc has been known since 1971 for its versatility in helping market leaders to design better products, and solve simple to complex real-world engineering problems.

Today, MSC.Marc has evolved and matured through constant development and worldwide use by thousands of engineers. Please read on to discover how its many capabilities will enable you to solve the most challenging nonlinear and coupled physics problems. Table of Contents

Element Technology ...... 1

Solution Procedures ...... 2

Parallel Processing ...... 2

Mesh Adaptivity ...... 3

Automated Contact Analysis ...... 3

Metallic Materials ...... 4

Nonmetallic Materials ...... 5

Cyclic Symmetry ...... 5

Heat Transfer ...... 6

Automated Remeshing and Rezoning ...... 6

Interactive Nonlinear ...... 7

Failure Analysis ...... 8

Nonstructural Analysis ...... 9

Interactive Interpretation of Nonlinear Analysis ...... 10

Mesh Generation ...... 10

Support Services ...... 12 Features of MSC.Marc

The composite capability also exists for continuum elements. For modeling of fiberous composites, the rebar elements can be used.

The MSC.Marc Element Library Element Technology • Trusses With over 150 finite element types, MSC.Marc can be used to • Shells (thick, thin, and axisymmetric) represent any geometry. These elements are modern, accurate • Membranes and robust, and may be used with virtually all of MSC.Marc’s • Plane Stress analysis capabilities. There is no practical limit to the number of • Generalized Plane Strain elements or the number of element types allowed in the analysis. • 3-D Solids The elements include lower-order and higher-order triangles and • Gaps quadrilaterals for 2-D analysis, or tetrahedron and hexahedron for • Rebar 3-D analysis. Both conventional integration, and reduced • Semi-Infinite integration (with hourglass control) options are available. Many of • Beams (solid, open, and closed section) the elements have been enhanced to use an assumed strain, • Plates mixed method, or constant dilatation formulation, which exhibits • Plane Strain superior behavior over conventional isoparametric elements in • Axisymmetric Solids many applications. Special elements are also available for • Incompressible modeling incompressible and nearly incompressible behavior. • Pipe Bends Lower-order triangular and tetrahedral elements have recently • Cables been added to the arsenal that may be applied to incompressible • Composite materials. These elements can be used with conventional elasticity, Mooney, Ogden, and other large-strain elastomer MSC.Marc also has the ability to transform the results from a 2-D models. The shell element capability is especially strong, with axisymmetric analysis to a 3-D analysis. The first stage has initially both thick and thin shell formulations. All shell elements can be axisymmetric geometry and loading. The second stage can involve used in conjunction with the composite capability. The definition of asymmetric loading and, hence, be fully three-dimensional. Large ply orientations, material properties, and failure criteria may be savings in computational costs can be obtained with this specified easily through the thickness of the shell. procedure.

3-DD Tetrahedral Element

1 Solution Procedures Working with our hardware partners, MSC.Marc utilizes the latest software technology to take advantage of hardware advances including parallel processing architectures. Complex 3-D nonlinear analysis was a dream only a few years ago. With MSC.Marc, it is now a production reality. MSC.Marc uses the latest proven numerical analysis techniques to provide the fastest, Parallel Processing most accurate results possible. All calculations are performed in MSC.Marc uses parallel processing capability to solve very large double precision. The optimal computation algorithm is available scale models. The enabling technology is based on domain for a large spectrum of analysis capabilities. decomposition methodology and is available on shared and distributed memory machines as well as a cluster of workstations Large deformation behavior can be represented using several for UNIX, NT, and Linux operating systems. The MPI protocol is formations including: used for communication between different domains. The implementation offers a highly scalable solution with nearly linear • Lagrangian and super linear speed improvement on the dedicated machines. • Eulerian Most features of MSC.Marc are available within the parallel framework. • Total and Updated Lagrangian • Total and Updated Eulerian Fine thread rolling benchmark:

Transient analysis problems can be solved using a variety of time There are 76800 elements and 233523 degrees of freedom in integration procedures. Nonlinear systems are solved with minimal this model. The table shows analysis wall times and scalability computation costs using one of the following strategies: numbers for the fine thread rolling benchmark with MSC.Marc 2001 on a representative platform. • Newton (Full or Quasi) • Implicit or Explicit Dynamics CPU Wall Time Scalability • Adaptive Load Stepping 1 66159.14 1.0 2 32371.70 2.0 The adaptive load capability moderates the load to assure 4 16198.24 4.0 convergence and stability. It can be used for a variety of analysis 8 7852.56 8.4 types including structural, dynamic, creep, and thermal. Several 16 4531.77 14.6 criteria are available to control the load step size. For problems involving instability or buckling, arc-length strategies are available.

The efficient solution of the system of linear equations is at the core of the MSC.Marc program. Problems of 500,000 degrees of freedom are routinely solved on modern workstations. The following solution techniques are available:

Direct methods (Profile, sparse, or multifrontal sparse)

• symmetric • nonsymmetric • complex Fine Thread Rolling Iterative Methods (sparse storage)

• symmetric • preconditioned conjugate gradient 2 Features of MSC.Marc

Design Sensitivity and Optimization

MSC.Marc performs design sensitivity and sizing optimization for linear structural analysis. Design variables include:

Mesh Adaptivity • Shell thickness • Beam area and moments of inertia MSC.Marc’s easy to use, powerful adaptive meshing procedures • Young’s modulus improve accuracy while reducing overall computational cost. • Poisson’s ratio • Mass density MSC.Marc provides an adaptive meshing capability for both linear and nonlinear analysis. In linear problems, the mesh is repetitively Automated Contact Analysis enriched until the error criteria are satisfied. Over 10 different criterion can be used simultaneously. When geometric information MSC.Marc has the world’s most advanced capabilities to model is available, such as the boundary curves or surface definition, the contact between bodies. This allows for the automated solution of adaptive meshing feature uses this information, which results in a contact problems where contact occurs between a deformable geometrically precise mesh. The adaptive meshing technology can body and a rigid body, or between multiple deformable bodies. be used with the linear order triangular, tetrahedral, quadrilateral, Deformable bodies are simply a collection of elements, and rigid brick continuum, and shell elements. Also, the mesh can bodies are a collection of geometric entities. These geometric automatically unrefine, in areas where the refinement is no longer entities are curves or surfaces defined using a variety of needed, to keep the model computationally inexpensive. geometric descriptions, including NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B- Splines. Being a collection of elements, the surfaces of Plasticity deformable bodies are faceted. These facets maybe represented using analytical surface descriptions. Rigid bodies can be subject For plasticity problems, the adaptive meshing technique can be to any arbitrary motion using either displacement, velocity or force used to its advantage, to enrich the mesh in areas where material control. Furthermore, contact bodies may also be glued to each nonlinearity occurs. other to simulate situations like rigid grips on a deformable tensile specimen or joining dissimilar meshes. This easy definition of Welding contact distinguishes MSC.Marc from other FEA codes claiming to solve contact problems. During contact, MSC.Marc automatically In welding analysis, the adaptive meshing process can be used to determines the displacement constraints of contact. You no longer improve the solution in the region of high thermal gradients. need to specify where bodies will come into contact or the nature of the contact unlike other FEA codes that require special Contact "interface" or "gap" elements to be placed between nodes on bodies suspected of possible contact. The load step size is For contact problems, the mesh is automatically enriched to automatically adjusted to satisfy convergence and contact improve the precision in the contact region. conditions. Large deformations, material nonlinearities are allowed during contact as well as friction. Coulomb and shear friction Moving Boundary models are available. Furthermore, you may customize a friction model to suit your own application, such as adding temperature For many moving boundary problems such as rolling and dependence to the friction coefficient in metal forming extrusion, it is possible to enrich the mesh in a particular region applications, or pressure dependent friction coefficient in rubber and have the mesh return to the original refinement at a later stage. sealing applications. Self-contact and interference fit analyses are also available.

3 MSC.Marc provides unique capabilities for deformable-to-deformable MSC.Marc Plasticity Capabilities contact that improve the accuracy, even for coarse meshes.

The contact capability can be used for either statics or dynamics • User-defined associative flow law with or without coupled thermal stress with virtually all of the • Von Mises yield criterion MSC.Marc elements. • Drucker-Prager or Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion • Gurson damage model MSC.Marc Contact Capabilities • Anisotropic plasticity • Temperature- and rate-dependent yield function • Automated analysis procedure • Powder metallurgy model (for hot isostatic • Static, dynamic, and thermal contact pressing process) • Deformable-to-rigid contact, deformable-to-deformable • Isotropic hardening contact • Kinematic hardening • Self-contact • Combined hardening • Coulomb, shear, or user-defined friction laws • Oak Ridge National Lab cyclic plasticity model • Interference fit • Work/strain hardening • Delayed slide-off • Strain rate effects • Stress free contact • Temperature effects • Viscoplasticity Metallic Materials Several analytical models exist for plasticity to model MSC.Marc can represent material behavior beyond the yield work harding: stress, which distinguishes elastic from plastic behavior. These complex models can be used both for traditional metals, such as • Additive Power Law steel, aluminum and copper, and non-traditional metals, such as • Multiplicative Power Law powder and “super plastic” metals. All of the material models can • Johnson-Cook be used in conjunction with any of the finite elements to provide • Cowper-Symonds maximum flexibility to the analyst. The material parameters can be • Kumar temperature-dependent and/or allow for anisotropic behavior.

Rate-dependent material behavior can be modeled using a variety Special formulations exist to model rigid-plasticity and of approaches. For large strain plasticity analysis, which is superplasticity. encountered in manufacturing simulation, MSC.Marc provides for either the traditional additive decomposition of strain, or the Gasket Material modern multiplicative decomposition (FeFp ) formulation.

A state-of-the-art numerical implementation is used to ensure Engine gaskets are used to seal metal parts of the engine to, for accuracy, stability, and computational efficiency. example, prevent steam or gas from escaping. They are complex (often multi-layer) components, usually rather thin and typically made of several different materials of varying thickness. The gaskets are carefully designed to have a specific behavior in the thickness direction. This is to ensure that the joints remain sealed when the metal parts are loaded by thermal or mechanical loads.

The new GASKET material model addresses various problems by allowing gaskets to be modeled with only one element through the thickness.

Contact 4 Features of MSC.Marc

Composite Materials

For thin structures, shell elements may utilize composite materials, while for conventional structures, the brick elements may utilize The experimentally or analytically determined complex pressure- composite materials. In such structures, each ply may have closure relationship in that direction is used directly as input for different material properties, or even different material laws. Ply the material model. lay-ups may be easily defined for both the orientation and thickness. MSC.Marc provides standard failure criteria, such as Nonmetallic Materials maximum stress or strain, Tsai-Wu, Hoffman, and Hill, that will assist you in verifying the design. You can also use MSC.Marc to In recent years, the use of nonmetallic materials has become simulate progressive failure. widespread in engineering design. These materials range from concrete used in civil engineering to polymers used in biomedical Rubber Materials applications. MSC.Marc has an extensive material library which can be used to represent the behavior of these nonmetallic materials. MSC.Marc offers two approaches to modeling nonlinear elastic The material models and typical applications include: material behavior. A user-supplied material model can be implemented through the hypoelastic option. Incompressible and Material Model Applications Characteristics nearly incompressible behavior can be modeled using either the Composite Materials aerospace, linear elastic generalized Mooney-Rivlin, Ogden, Arruda-Boyce, or Gent strain (including failure criteria) automotive energy function. MSC.Marc Mentat, MSC.Marc’s dedicated graphical user interface, will assist you in evaluating the material Hypoelastic polymers, nonlinear elastic parameters given the experimental data. All the elastomeric biological materials material models may include a viscoelastic component for the large-strain, rate-dependent analysis of elastomers. A damage Generalized Mooney, tires, gaskets, nonlinear elastic strain model also may be used to represent the failure of these Ogden, Arruda-GGoyce, dampers, materials. A foam model is available to treat materials where large Gent. incompresible volumetric compressible elastic strains occur. These models may be used either in the total or in updated Lagrange framework. Foam seats large-compression nonlinear elastic Cyclic Symmetry

Mohr-CCoulomb ice, wood, soil, pressure A special set of tying constraints for continuum elements can be concrete dependent yield automatically generated by the MSC.Marc program to effectively analyze structures with a geometry and a loading varying Cam-CCay soils, offshore critical state model periodically about a symmetry axis. As shown on the next page, the complete structure is given. However, due to periodic Viscoelastic glass, polymers rate-dependent repetition, a sector can be modeled by taking advantage of the elastic behavior cyclic symmetry of the structure which gives results equivalent to the full model. This feature can result in substantial saving of Cracking concrete tension-induced computer time. cracking, compression induced crushing

5 MSC.Marc Heat Transfer Capabilities

• Steady-state and transient • Temperature-dependent material properties • Latent heat effects • Coupled Joule heating • Coupled thermal-mechanical analysis • Coupled fluid/thermal analysis • Uncoupled mechanical (easy data transfer) • Fixed or adaptive time-stepping • Convection, radiation boundary conditions • Mass transport Cyclic Symmetry Calculation of View Factors Heat Transfer MSC.Marc Mentat provides a sophisticated capability for the The solution to thermal problems is crucial in many engineering calculation of the view factors required in a radiation simulation. problems. It is the first step in performing thermal stress analysis. An accelerated Monte Carlo approach is used, which provides MSC.Marc has the capability to model any geometric region with accurate results for any 2-D or 3-D geometry including elements which permit the temperature data to be directly symmetry conditions. transferred to the structural analysis. Either a fixed time-stepping or an adaptive time-stepping procedure can be used. As a steady- state condition is approached, the time steps will increase; whereas if material properties or boundary conditions change rapidly, time steps will decrease. Either a steady-state or transient analysis can be performed. The material can be temperature- dependent and isotropic, orthotropic or anisotropic. Latent heat induced by phase changes can be included. Time-dependent boundary conditions can be prescribed, such as temperatures, fluxes, convection, or radiation. Unique capabilities are available for gaps and cooling passages. A coupled electrostatics-heat transfer analysis, which incorporates the Joule heating generated Heat Transfer by material resistivity is available. Additional capabilities exist in MSC.Marc for performing coupled thermal-mechanical analysis, where the change in contact conditions results in a change in the Automated Remeshing and Rezoning thermal boundary conditions. These temperature dependent contact conditions are handled automatically. In the analysis of metal or rubber, the material deforms from some initial (often simple) shape, to a final, very often complex shape. MSC.Marc also provides a capability to simulate fluid flow, and During this process, the deformation can become so large, that coupled fluid-thermal behavior. In such problems, the fully the mesh, which is used to represent the material, may become convective-conductive simulation is performed. The fluid is highly distorted. This distortion of the mesh leads to a loss in considered to be incompressible, single phase, and without turbulence. accuracy, and in some programs, a failure of the analysis. The MSC.Marc products provide the solution to this problem by generating a new mesh, automatically (remeshing) and transferring the solution from the old mesh to the new mesh (rezoning).

6 Features of MSC.Marc

With the widespread availability of fast workstations rich 3-D graphics capabilities, visualization of the finite element model has never been easier. MSC.Marc Mentat takes advantage of these latest graphics advances and offers you features such as light Based upon the remeshing criteria selected, new meshes are source shading and translucency. created on individual bodies during the nonlinear deformation process. In MSC.Marc this is available for 2-D geometry, while in The mesh generators in MSC.Marc Mentat and MSC.Patran are the sister product, MSC.SuperForm it is available for both two and both powerful and intuitive. The mesh can be generated directly, three-dimensional analyses. Contact boundary conditions are or derived from NURBS geometry. Planar and shell structures can automatically re-applied. be easily transformed to solid meshes. Models can be easily edited using the mouse, in any coordinate system. CAD geometry and finite element data can be imported from leading modeling systems, and then edited.

A variety of tools are available for selecting the portion of the model which is of interest. The validity of the finite element model can be verified using either graphical techniques, or by checking the distortions.

MSC.Patran and MSC.Marc Mentat help you build a complete loadcase description for nonlinear FEA. Material properties and boundary conditions applied to the geometry are automatically associated with the finite element mesh. Complete descriptions of materials such as metals, elastomers, and composites can be specified, including temperature and work hardening effects. Rigid surfaces and their motions can be defined to make contact analysis easy.

Automatic Remeshing An analysis job can be initiated, monitored, and controlled within MSC.Marc Mentat or MSC.Patran. Model checking is automatic. Multiple analysis jobs can be performed simultaneously. In fact, Interactive Nonlinear Analysis you can submit and monitor as many jobs as desired. MSC.Patran can take advantage of the MSC.Patran Analysis Manager which As previously stated, MSC.Patran and MSC.Marc Mentat are provides much of the same functionality for managing analysis jobs. graphical user interfaces, and provide the environment for understanding, exploring, and interacting with your nonlinear analysis. To facilitate the creation and understanding of your nonlinear model either one may be used.

These graphical user interfaces provide capabilities for the interactive generation of finite element models, control of the analysis, and interpretation of the results.

7 Eigenvalue Extraction Methods

• Lanczos • Inverse power sweep • Nonlinear (preload included)

Direct Integration Schemes

• Newmark-beta • Single-step houbolt Key Insertion with MSC.Marc Mentat • Houbolt • Central difference (explicit)

Dynamic Analysis Other Unique Features

MSC.Marc has extensive dynamic analysis capabilities. Eigen • Harmonic response values can be obtained using either the inverse power sweep or • Spectrum response the Lanczos method. These procedures can extract from a few, to • Fixed or adaptive time-stepping hundreds of modes. The modal extraction can be performed in • Rayleigh and numerical damping conjunction with a nonlinear analysis to determine the influence of pre-stress on the eigenvalues. Vibration studies can be performed using modal superimposition or harmonic analysis. Harmonic analysis of rubber bushings can include the internal damping of the material induced by their viscoelastic nature. In such cases, the damping is a function both of the deformation and the frequency of excitation. The spectral response of a structure subjected to base motion can also be obtained.

Linear or nonlinear transient analysis can be performed. When nonlinear analysis is required, either implicit procedures, such as Newmark-beta and traditional, new single-step Houbolt operators, or the explicit central difference operator can be chosen. The Disc Brake Analysis explicit method automatically chooses a stable time step. All available nonlinear capabilities including contact, are available. Failure Analysis

MSC.Marc can be used to determine the stress intensity factor for a predetermined crack size. Two methods are available for calculating the J-integral, or the extended J-integral. The crack can be loaded by kinematic, mechanical, or thermal loads. The extended J-integral can also be used in dynamic analysis. The program can automatically determine the paths around a crack tip in both two and three dimensions.

8 Features of MSC.Marc

Nonstructural Analysis

The finite element method can also solve various field problems. MSC.Marc can be used for the solution of non-structural problems, Crack initiation and propagation is predicted by using one of two such as: available microscopic models. The first model is available for brittle materials, such as concrete or ceramics, in which the Electrostatic Analysis: fracture is based on the principal stress in the material. The Predicts the electrical field given a charge distribution. orientation of the crack is dependent on the stress orientation. The second model is a microstructural model for composite materials, Magnetostatic Analysis: where the cracking is based on one of the five available failure Calculates the magnetic field given a current distribution; criteria, such as maximum stress or Tsai-Wu. nonlinear properties and permanent magnets may be included.

Material damage in ductile metals can be predicted using the Electomagnetic Analysis: Gurson model for the determination of void densities. A damage Determines the coupled electrical and magnetic field for either model is available for the prediction of both the Mullins and Miehe harmonic or transient behavior. effects in carbon-filled rubber materials. The model implemented in MSC.Marc is a modified version of the Simo model, and simulates Hydrodynamic Bearing Analysis: stress softening and damage accumulation under cyclic loads. Calculates the pressure distribution in a lubricant; special MSC.Marc Failure Mechanics Capabilities capabilities are included to allow the modeling of geometric features, such as grooves.

• J-integrals Acoustic Analysis: • Static Predicts the sound level in a rigid cavity. • Dynamic • Linear Coupled Structural Acoustic Analysis: • Nonlinear Performs coupled structural and acoustic analysis; allows large • Gurson damage model for ductile metals deformation of cavity walls due to pre-stress. • Rubber damage model • Concrete cracking Fluid Analysis: • Composite progressive failure Performs Navier Stokes analysis for a laminar incompressible fluid.

Fluid-TThermal Analysis: Performs coupled fluid thermal simulation, which may include free and forced convection.

Fluid-TThermal-SSolid Analysis: Performs thermal-structural analysis on components subjected to fluid loading.

9 Open Approach To Problem Solving Post-pprocessing Graphical Controls

We recognize that every engineer can have special needs or other • Arbitrary cutting planes software packages. To enable you to customize loads, material • Dynamic viewing properties or boundary conditions for a particular situation, • Multiple views MSC.Marc offers a versatile capability called “user subroutines”. • Color control This facility is especially valuable in nonlinear FEA. Thousands of • Real-time rotate, pan, and zoom MSC.Marc users have written their own FORTRAN subroutines for • Animation of changing mode shapes and variation in time special analysis needs when required. These can represent spatial • Photorealistic rendering or temporal distribution of loads, complex material properties, friction coefficients, and so forth. MSC.Marc offers a rich library of In addition to standard interfaces to the leading CAD and FEM such subroutines to help you in solving problems. systems supplied by MSC.Marc, you can customize your chosen graphical interface, either MSC.Marc Mentat or MSC.Patran, by Interactive Interpretation of Nonlinear Analysis creating “buttons” for special purposes. Specialized translators and interfaces can be written to facilitate the fast, accurate, Both MSC.Marc Mentat and MSC.Patran provide a full range of and efficient transfer of data to in-house or proprietary systems. capabilities for the visualization and interpretation of analysis MSC.Patran is also an open CAD environment allowing the user to results. MSC.Marc Mentat’s tight integration with MSC.Marc means customize the GUI and create generalized programs limited only that results can be viewed simultaneously as they are generated. by the imagination. MSC.Patran uses direct results access (DRA) to the MSC.Marc results or the results can be imported and remain in the database Mesh Generation with the model. MSC.Marc Mentat and MSC.Patran provide enormous flexibility in Plotting Capabilities mesh generation and contain many powerful methods which allow you to construct complex finite element meshes quickly and easily. • Beam moment diagram A finite element mesh can be created interactively with only a few • Generalized X-Y plotter key strokes and mouse clicks. Two basic techniques may be used: • Ability to post-process files greater than 2GB create the mesh directly, or create the geometry and then use one • Contact body names of the automatic mesh generators on this geometry. In either • Pop-up menus for post scan, scales vector, and tensor case, the mesh can be modified using the following options: • Contours • Vectors MSC.Marc Mentat Mesh Modification Options • Symbols • Principal stresses • Duplicate: Copies the mesh to a new position. • Iso-surfaces (e.g., isotherms) • Expand/drag: Converts a one-dimensional geometry to • Result along a path three dimensions. • Result as a function of time • Move: Moves the mesh. • X-Y relationships • Refine: Locally subdivides a group of elements. • Variation of any calculated quantity over space and time • Relax: Smoothes out the mesh to reduce the amount • Contact nodes, area, forces, and stresses of distortion. • Design sensitivity • Subdivide: Subdivides an element. • Objective function • Symmetry: Duplicates an element about a plane. • Change class: Converts lower-order elements to higher-order elements.

10 Features of MSC.Marc

The fully automatic mesh generators allow you to specify the number of points along the boundary, and the quality of the mesh. MSC.Patran has similarly powerful tools for mesh generation and verification. MSC.Patran has similar facilities for editing meshes. Other meshing related options include trimming of surfaces, sweeping Full associativity is preserved between the surface geometry and nodes on the outline and transition parameter input for meshing. the finite element mesh. Coordinate changes to the geometry are Geometries also can be constructed or imported from CAD automatically reflected in the mesh. Boundary conditions applied systems. The imported geometries are either in native mode to the geometry are transferred to the elements. This is true for (I-DEAS, CATIA, Pro/ENGINEER), or in standard interfaces (ACIS, both MSC.Marc Mentat and MSC.Patran. Parasolids, DXF, IGES, VDAFS). All geometry is treated consistently as NURBS. MSC.Marc Mentat Solid Modeling Facilities

Geometries imported from CAD systems may be cleaned up using Solid models can be constructed using the ACIS geometric engine. a variety of tools in either MSC.Patran and MSC.Marc Mentat This allows direct import of solids created with other ACIS-based before being used by the mesh generators. This facilitates the CAD systems. Solids are created by performing Boolean meshing operation, reducing the number of elements in the model. operations (Union, Intersect, Subtract) on the geometry. The base geometric primitives include blocks, cylinders, prisms, spheres, MSC.Marc Mentat Facilities for Creating and torus. Blending of surfaces can be used to create sculptured Geometric Surfaces surfaces. Solids can also be created by expanding 2-D surfaces.

• Quadrilateral patches MSC.Marc Mentat can also be used to automatically generate • Ruled surfaces tetrahedral or hexahedral meshes from solids created by • Arbitrarily dragged curves other CAD systems. Volumes are meshed based upon the • Bezier enclosing surfaces, even if the surfaces do not precisely match. • NURBS • Cylinders Consequently, a 3-D solid mesh may be generated for any volume • Spheres which is enclosed by a mesh.

The duplicate, move, and symmetry commands can be used on Other MSC.Marc Mentat Utilities these surfaces as well. As all surfaces are represented as NURBS, modifying a surface control point results in a new surface. • Undo — allows easy correction of unanticipated results. Once created, geometric surfaces can be converted to a finite • Procedure file — captures all user input for later element mesh using any of the following options: reference or edits. • On-lline help — provides information from anywhere in MSC.Marc Mentat Mesh Generation Facilities the system. • Annotation — lets the user add descriptive notes to the plot. • Mapping Techniques: • Length, area, and volume calculations — are instantly a regular mesh is mapped onto the geometric surface. available. • Overlay mesher: • Alias — creates a user-defined name for a MSC.Marc a regular quadrilateral mesh is mapped onto the geometric Mentat command. surface, and then trimmed to the boundary. • Parameter — permits the user to define parametric data. • Fully automatic mesh generators: • Plotting — allows output on any printing device. a triangular or quadrilateral mesh is created on the surface; a tetrahedral or hexahedral mesh is created in the volume.

11 Support Services Documentation

MSC.Software offers a variety of customer support services, Users have instantaneous access to the extensive MSC.Software including training, hotline support, quality assurance and software documentation. This online documentation includes hyperlinks maintenance, documentation, and consulting. between topics, a search engine, and detailed graphics for all MSC.Software products. Training Courses Supported Platforms Introductory, intermediate, and advanced training courses are offered by local MSC.Software offices on a regular basis. These MSC.Software is available on Windows NT, as well as a wide range courses introduce the novice to theoretical and usage aspects of of UNIX platforms. MSC.Marc also supports parallel processing the software, and expose the experienced user to more advanced architectures, including shared memory, distributed, and features of the software. Lecture sessions are always combined networked systems. MSC.Software is the established information with workshops. Customer suggestions for training improvement technology software and services provider helping companies are continually reviewed by our professional trainers to ensure that worldwide develop better products faster. MSC.Software’s our courses are effective and up-to-date. software and services are used to enhance and automate the product design and manufacturing process. The ability to model Quality Assurance and test software prototypes has cost effectively enabled manufacturers to design and build everything from sophisticated MSC.Software maintains a rigorous quality assurance program to aircraft and automobiles to electronic products. verify that the annual software releases occur only after a set of verification problems hasbeen satisfied. Errors reported from customers andour own staff are categorized, corrected, documented,and included in subsequent releases.

12 MSC.Software, the leading engineering software, systems and services provider, helps over 9000 companies worldwide develop better products faster. Number one in the product simulation market, MSC.Software products enhance and automate the product design and manufacturing process reducing development costs, time to market and warranty costs.

To find your local MSC.Software office or to learn more about our company and our products, please contact: Corporate: MSC.Software Corporation 2 MacArthur Place Santa Ana, California 92707 USA Tel: 1 714 540.8900 Fax: 1 714 784.4056

Customer Care Center: 1 800 642.7437 (U.S. only) 1 978 453.5310 (International) [email protected]

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