Appendix B: Protected Trees and TOPS

CEN INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT UNIT Environmental and Rural Development Specialist

Operational Environmental Management Programme

Farming Activities and supporting infrastructure

Existing (2007 – current): Farming activities on 90 ha

SUNDAYS RIVER LOCAL MUNICIPALITY

SARAH BAARTMAN DISTRICT MUNICIPALITY

NELSON MANDELA BAY METROPOLITAN

February 2020

NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued

DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Table of Contents

Table of Figures...... v

List of Tables ...... vi

Glossary of Terms ...... vii

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Operational Environmental Management Plan . 1

1.1 Background ...... 1

1.2 Purpose of the OEMP Report ...... 2

1.3 Methodology ...... 2

1.3.1 Scope of the Operational Environmental Management Programme ...... 2

1.3.2 OEMP as a management tool ...... 3

1.4 Structure of this Operational Environmental Management Programme Report 3

Chapter 2: Description of Project ...... 4

2.1 Project Description ...... 4

2.2 Location of the site ...... 5

2.3 Overview of the affected environment ...... 6

2.4 Overview of socio-economic environment ...... 9

Chapter 3: Organisational Requirements ...... 11

3.1 Introduction...... 11

3.2 Environmental Commitment ...... 11

3.3 Background to Environmental Policy ...... 11

3.4 Environmental Policy – social housing development – Erf 168 ...... 12

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued ii

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

3.5 Organisational Overview ...... 12

3.6 Roles and Responsibilities ...... 14

3.6.1 Coega Kamma Citrus (Pty) Ltd represented by Owner of Farm 717 (The Developer) ...... 14

3.6.2 Authorities ...... 14

3.6.3 Responsibilities: Operational Manager ...... 14

3.6.4 Responsibilities: Environmental Control Officer ...... 15

3.7 Method Statements / Management Plans / Programmes ...... 16

3.8 Meetings ...... 16

Chapter 4: Environmental Management Programme Requirements ...... 17

4.1 Introduction...... 17

4.2 Legislation ...... 17

4.3 Environmental Management Requirements ...... 18

4.3.1 Prerequisites for Operational Phase ...... 20

4.3.2 Flora and Fauna ...... 20

4.3.3 Water use ...... 21

4.3.4 Soil and Water quality ...... 22

4.3.5 FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES ...... 23

4.3.6 Waste management and Storage of hazardous materials ...... 24

4.3.7 Fire Prevention ...... 25

4.3.8 Social Issues – Employment opportunities and skills transfer ...... 26

Chapter 5: Environmental Management and Monitoring Requirements ...... 28

5.1 Introduction...... 28

5.2 Environmental Compliance Monitoring ...... 28

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

5.2.1 Fauna and Flora ...... 28

5.2.2 Water Use ...... 29

5.2.3 Stormwater, Soil Erosion and Sediment control ...... 29

5.2.4 Fertilizers and Pesticides ...... 29

5.2.5 Waste Management and storage of hazardous materials ...... 30

5.2.6 Social aspects ...... 30

5.2.7 Fire Prevention ...... 30

5.2.8 Response to Public Complaints ...... 30

5.3 Corrective and Preventive Action ...... 31

5.3.1 Penalties...... 31

5.4 Record Keeping ...... 31

Chapter 6: References ...... 32

Appendix A: Declared Weeds and Invader Plants ...... 35

Table 1: Declared Weeds and Invader Plants (Regulation 15) (GN R. 280) ...... 39

Table 2: Declared Indicators of Bush Encroachment (Regulation 16) (GN R. 280) .. 47

Appendix B: Protected Trees and TOPS ...... 49

Appendix F1: Protected Trees ...... 49

Appendix F2: Threatened and Protected Species ...... 50

Appendix C: Environmental Incident Log and Complaint Form ...... 57

Environmental Incident Log and Complaint Form ...... 58

Complaint Form ...... 59

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Table of Figures

Figure 1: Existing farmed area (90 ha) ...... 6

Figure 2: Soil types mapped on existing farming area ...... 8 Figure 3: Observed aquatic systems and their respective buffers and regulated wetland WULA zone ...... 9 Figure 4: Organisational Structure for Environmental Management of the Operational phase ...... 13

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued v

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

List of Tables

Table 1: Coordinates of existing project components ...... 6

Table 2: Major Legislation Applicable to the agricultural operations ...... 17

Table 3: Management of Environmental Impacts during operational phase19

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Glossary of Terms

Term Explanation Ambient (air) Current surrounding atmospheric condition A frequency-weighted noise unit used for traffic and industrial noise dB(A) (decibels A-scale) measurement The surroundings in which an organisation operates, including air, water, Environment land, natural resources, flora, fauna, humans, and their interrelation An element of an organisation’s activities, products or services that can Environmental Aspect interact with the environment Any change to the environment, whether adverse or beneficial, wholly or Environmental Impact partially resulting from an organisation’s activities, products or services A study of the environmental consequences of a proposed course of action. An environmental evaluation or assessment is a study of the Environmental Impact environmental effects of a decision, activity or undertaking. It is most often Assessment (EIA) used within an IEM Planning process as a decision support tool to compare different options The part of the overall management system that includes organisational Environmental Management structure, project activities, responsibilities, practices, procedures, System processes and resources for developing, implementing, achieving, reviewing and maintaining the environmental policy Exotic Any plant species not falling under the indigenous definition. Integrated Environmental A process that involves the authorities and public, and integrates Management (IEM) environmental issues with all aspects of Planning Tending to displace, or increase in cover relative to, surrounding Invasive vegetation. Palaeontology (study of) life in geological past

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Chapter

Chapter 1: Introduction to the Operational Environmental Management Plan

1.1 Background The owner of Ebb en Vloed Farm 717, Mr Rudolf Orban, is applying for environmental authorisations for the following activities:

 Farming on 90 ha of Farm 717 (2007 – current) which require rectification in terms Section 24 G of the National Environmental Management Act (Act No. 107 of 1998) (NEMA).

o An application was submitted to the Department of Economic Development Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT) on 6 August 2019 for the regularization of unlawful commencement and continuation of listed activities in terms of Section 24G of the NEMA.

 Farming activities proposed on an additional 150 ha of Farm 717 which required environmental authorisation in terms of the Environmental Impact Assessment Regulations (EIA) 2014, as amended, (listing notices 1, 2 and 3) published in terms of the NEMA.

o An application for environmental authorisation was submitted to the DEDEAT on 7 June 2019 CEN Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) Unit was appointed by the landowner to carry out the NEMA Section 24 G rectification process and the NEMA environmental impact assessment required for the existing and proposed farming activities on Farm 717, Addo. An environmental authorisation is required for the existing farming activities; In terms of NEMA, the draft Environmental Management Programme (EMP) Report is required to be compiled and submitted to the competent authorities to assist in the decision making process. This draft operational EMP (OEMP) is included as Appendix B of the draft Environmental Impact Assessment Report and is submitted to the Department of Economic Development, Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEDEAT) in support of the NEMA Section 24 G Rectification process. The operational EMP (this report) is relevant to the operational phase of the development. The operational phase refers to the ongoing planting, tillage, mulching, irrigation, fertilization, pesticide and herbicide application, harvesting, packing, loading and delivery, waste management, composting, rehabilitation and maintenance activities.

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 1

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

1.2 Purpose of the OEMP Report The purpose of the operational EMP (OEMP) is to provide a framework for the management of environmental impacts associated with the operational phase of existing and proposed farming activities. The OEMPr is to serve as a management tool for the landowner, operational personnel and personnel responsible for any required maintenance activities. This OEMPr is a framework programme and outlines procedures and actions required to be carried out during the operational phase. The OEMPr does not provide specific management plans detailing how management actions are to be implemented but is rather structured around a number of operational activities and identifies where more detailed method statements / management plans should be developed by the landowner and / or contractors, respectively. The method statements should outline proposed operational activities, phasing and procedures and methods to comply with the targets stipulated in this EMPr. Method Statements should, where applicable, include drawings and plans with sufficient detail to assess the potential impact of the operational actions, or to assess the degree of safeguarding provided against pollution and other impacts. Method Statements indicate how the procedures will be applied to meet the relevant targets and are central to the proper implementation of the EMPr. The OEMP is aimed at minimising and managing identified environmental impacts occurring / may occur as a result of existing agricultural operations. The OEMPr identifies and clarifies the roles and responsibilities of key role-players in the implementation of the specific requirements of the EMP. The EMP further outlines the monitoring, reporting, auditing and review requirements. The purpose of this OEMP is to describe:

 How adverse environmental impacts will be managed  How environmental damage or degradation will be mitigated  Monitoring requirements to ensure the above measures are successful

1.3 Methodology A number of steps are essential to ensure that environmental damage will be minimised or eliminated:

 Potential impacts must be identified, and their significance assessed.  Suitable mitigation measures need to be defined.  A system to ensure that the necessary mitigation is being implemented must be established.  The effectiveness of the management must be monitored.  The representatives of the applicant must be in a position to verify the work undertaken and to monitor the environmental management process.

1.3.1 Scope of the Operational Environmental Management Programme The OEMPr is specific to the operation of the farming activities on Farm 717. The specific aims of the OEMP are to:

 Formulate procedures to rectify impacts created through the agricultural operations  Suggest methods to ensure compliance with the Operational Environmental Management Programme, including record keeping.

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 2

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

The OEMPr provides:

 Environmental guidelines to ensure environmentally acceptable practices are followed during the operational phase of the project.

1.3.2 OEMP as a management tool The OEMP is a management tool and will be used primarily by the landowner, operational managers and permanent staff carrying out onsite work. The successful implementation of this OEMP is dependent on integrating it into the project's management system. Without regular checks on performance and corrections of deviations from the environmental objectives, procedures and targets, the OEMP will fall into disuse and become ineffective. The OEMP, therefore, includes various elements of an Environmental Management System such as objectives and targets, the allocation of responsibilities, checking of corrective action, regular audits, and management review of the system. This OEMPr is relevant to the operational phase of the full development. The OEMPr should be viewed as a dynamic document, which may require updating and / or revision. It is recommended that this OEMP is made available to the public upon request.

1.4 Structure of this Operational Environmental Management Programme Report Chapter 1 of this OEMPr serves to introduce the scope of the OEMP. The purpose of the OEMP is explained. The OEMP is designed to manage and mitigate identified environmental impacts. Chapter 2 identifies and briefly describes the land in question and details of the project. Chapter 3 briefly discusses environmental policy. It presents a suggested organisational structure for the project to ensure that responsibilities are allocated and there is adequate control over the work Chapter 4 outlines the general environmental management requirements for operational activities Chapter 5 presents elements of the Environmental Monitoring requirements designed to facilitate the implementation, management and regular auditing of the EMP.

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 3

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Chapter

Chapter 2: Description of Project

The following section identifies the land in question and provides a brief description of the proposed development and an overview of the affected environment. The affected environment is fully described in the Impact Assessment Report compiled in support of the NEMA Section 24G application and is not repeated here.

2.1 Project Description The landowner purchased Ebb en Vloed Farm 717 in 2007. At this time the grazing areas (approximately 70 ha) in the southern portion of the farm were converted to citrus and olive farming (and other cash crops) and sheep farming. An additional 20 ha of land has since been cleared for the planting of irrigation. The size of the existing farming area (including infrastructure and dwellings) is approximately 90 ha in extent. Existing farming activities on Farm 717 includes:

 23 ha citrus  6 ha olive trees  16 ha mixed crops (maize, wheat, barley, oats, lucerne)  20 ha managed as dry land per annum  Livestock farming (less than 500 sheep)  Operational activities (ripping, mulching, planting, irrigation, fertilization, pest control, harvesting, packing, loading, delivery, waste management, rehabilitation, maintenance)

The operational phase refers to the ongoing planting, tillage, mulching, irrigation, fertilization, pest control, harvesting, packing, loading and delivery, waste management, rehabilitation and maintenance activities.

Existing infrastructure and structures on Farm 717 includes:

 NMB water pipeline servitude (Nooitgedagt Low Level Scheme)  Existing pipeline (250mm rising main)  Powerlines traversing the property (N to S)  dams, farm dwelling and associated buildings in the south

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 4

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

 limited camp system including game fences  management tracks  water points  composting areas (manure, chips, green waste)

The landowner is planning to clear an additional 150 ha for farming purposes. The 150 ha will be used mostly for citrus. Supporting infrastructure proposed includes

 Extraction of water from Lower Sunday River Water User Association  Installation of gravity pipeline within existing canal servitude (1500m)  Pipeline crossing at Sundays River (25m)  Provision of storage dam (15000 cubic meters)  Provision of holding dam to store water (40 000 cubic meters)  Provision of pump stations  Development of ablution facilities  Storage shed (1000m2)  Development of workers houses (65m2 each)  Development of manager house (240m2)  Development of access roads for construction purposes

A separate application for environmental authorization has been submitted for the proposed expansion project. A main access road to Farm 717 and several management tracks are already in place on the farm; no additional roads will be required for current and future planned operations. Eskom electricity is currently in place on Farm 717; expansion from 100 kvA to 315 kVa will be required for future operations. The water currently used for farming activities (400 litres / ha) is permitted in terms of the GA. A water use license has been issued for the water use (900 000 cubic meters) for future operations (Section 21a) and for the pipeline and associated infrastructure and activities required to be developed within the WUL regulated area (Section 21c and i). A water use license application for existing agricultural activities (Section 21c and i) within the non- perennial watercourse has been submitted to the DWS. A permit was issued by the Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF) for the mechanical disturbance to virgin soil for future planned operations; this permit has however lapsed. Permission in terms of Regulation 2 of the CARA will be submitted to the DAFF for the total area (existing and future planned activities) on receipt of the relevant environmental authorizations.

2.2 Location of the site The property is approximately 1520 hectares in extent and located in the Eastern Cape, approximately 10 km south west of the town of Addo. Farm 717 falls within the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality and the Sundays River Valley Municipality. The coordinates of the existing farming area and irrigation infrastructure is provided Table 1 below

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 5

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Table 1: Coordinates of existing project components Development Feature Central coordinates Agricultural site 33°38'17.94"S; 25°37'25.75"E Pipeline - Start of existing pipeline 33°36'45.29"S; 25°38'58.18"E Pipeline – End of existing pipeline 33°38'11.04"S; 25°37'36.59"E Overflow storage dam (22x110 m) 33°38'11.24"S; 25°37'26.51"E

The existing farming area is shown below in Figure 1.

Figure 1: Existing farmed area (90 ha)

2.3 Overview of the affected environment Farm 717 falls within both NMBM and SRVLM. The farm is zoned as agricultural land use, and the farmed area falls within an open valley on the property and situated along a non-perennial river. The project site is located within the quaternary catchment N40F, part of the larger Secondary catchment of the Sundays River basin. The Sundays River forms the north eastern boundary of Farm 717. Vegetation assessments have been carried out on Farm 717 and a soil assessment and aquatic assessment has been carried out for the Section 24 G farming area, and The site falls within the Albany Thicket Biome and the vegetation on the majority of the existing farming area site and in the majority of the surrounding area is mapped as AT6 Sundays Thicket (conservation status: least threatened; protection status: poorly protected. The conservation target is 19% (Mucina and Rutherford, 2006). In the National Vegetation Map, 2018, the AT6 Sundays Thicket is now classified as AT42 Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket (conservation target: 19%) (Grobler et al.,2018). In terms of the NMB Bioregional plan, 2015, the vegetation on site is mapped as Koedoeskloof Karroid Thicket (Ecosystem status: least threatened) and Sundays Valley thicket (Ecosystem status: vulnerable).

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 6

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Prior to new ownership of the farm in 2007, the vegetation on the greatest portion of the farming area (approximately 70 ha) had been used for cattle farming and can be described as degraded. Between 2007 – 2010, approximately 16 ha of indigenous vegetation in the southern most portion of the farming area was cleared and converted to pivot irrigated crops and an additional 4 ha (+/-) indigenous was vegetation cleared for agricultural activities between 2010 – 2016. A vegetation assessment was carried out and assessed areas adjacent to existing farming areas. The 16ha vegetation that was cleared is assumed to have been similar to the existing surrounding vegetation, i.e. representative of Sundays Thicket dominated by large shrubs, small trees and a high number of succulent species. Examples of species on site include Schotia afra, Euclea undulata, Euhorbia mauritanica, Acacia natalitia, Lycium oxycarpum. The additional 4 ha is assumed to have consisted of species representative of Sundays Thicket, however a higher number and density of understory succulents may have been present, example Crassula shrubs. Soil types have been classified and suitability of the soils to the farming activities have been indicated. The majority of soils on existing farming area are classified as Ad1, Py 1 and Py 2 which all have high potential for citrus farming. Br1 has a moderate to high potential. Cg soils are not suitable. The final delineation of the observed waterbodies, wetlands and their respective buffers (No-go areas) and any additional regulated areas associated with these systems, e.g. the 500m regulated zone around a wetland boundary has been provided by the aquatic specialist. Farming activities occur within the 1:100 floodline of a non-perennial watercourse. An application for a Section 21 c and i water use license for existing farming activities within the 1:100 year floodline has been submitted to the DWS.

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 7

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Figure 2: Soil types mapped on existing farming area

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 8

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Figure 3: Observed aquatic systems and their respective buffers and regulated wetland WULA zone

2.4 Overview of socio-economic environment Farm 717 lies immediately west of the Sunday River which forms the boundary between the Nelson Mandela Bay Municipality (NMBM) and the Sundays River Valley Municipality (SRVM). The exisitng farmed area falls within the NMBM and located approximately 12 km SSW of Addo in the SRVM and 20km NNE of Motherwell within the NMBM. In terms of the NMB Metropolitan SDF, Farm 717 and the surrounding area falls outside the urban growth boundary and is not included in an approved or developing local SDF. Farm 717 is included within the NMB CBA network, however the existing farmed area falls outside the CBA. The Metropolitan SDF states that areas situated outside the “urban fence” is to be used predominantly for agriculture with allowances and regulations for different types of agricultural activities. The NMB Metropolitan SDF recognizes the importance of the strong agricultural sector in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality; Agro-processing has linkages through into the Sarah Baartman economy. Sundays River Valley area has a dual agricultural economy, comprising a well-developed commercial sector and a predominantly subsistence-oriented sector within it (SRV IDP, 2017 – 2018). Citrus is the dominant form of agriculture in the commercial sector. The Sundays River Valley area is characterized by high density irrigation farming. Agricultural development is a key driver in the local economy and accounts for 31.2% of the Gross Geographic Product in the area. The unemployment rate for the SRVM is estimated at 48.9%. Agriculture related industries currently provide an estimated 47.7% of employment in the SRVM and agriculture provides 41% of formal employment (IDP, 2017 – 2018).

Draft Operational Environmental Management Programme Existing farming Activities and supporting infrastructure on Farm 717, Addo NEMA Section 24 G Reference: Not issued DEDEAT Reference: Not Issued 9

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Sundays River Valley is the leading region in citrus production in South Africa. SRVM has access to a constant supply of irrigation water through the canal and that makes production more favourable to areas that depend on rain water. Fruit is exported through Port Elizabeth. The agricultural activities taking place have created 20 permanent and 100 temporary jobs. Local labour is used, and the workers reside in Addo. Skills are transferred to individuals contributing to improving their socio-economic status. The project contribute to the GGP of the area with a turnover of approximately R3 million per annum.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Chapter

Chapter 3: Organisational Requirements

3.1 Introduction The landowner and appointed operational managers must ensure permanent staff, seasonal staff, maintenance staff and contractors are aware of their environmental objectives and policy.

3.2 Environmental Commitment All persons involved with the farming activities on Farm 717 must be made aware of the environmental goals and policy and encouraged to develop a commitment to compliance with the environmental legislation.

3.3 Background to Environmental Policy An environmental policy is a statement of the environmental values of an organisation. It conveys these environmental values to employees, demonstrates to stakeholders the importance that senior management attaches to environmental protection and management, and provides a guiding framework for conducting the organisation’s business in an environmentally compatible manner. The philosophy behind the OEMPr is for it to become an effective means of managing environmental performance by:

 Enabling the identification of critical environmental issues:  Developing action programmes and setting targets;  Ensuring environmental performance;  Raising environmental awareness amongst management, staff and the community which it serves; and,  Providing appropriate training.

The purposed of the OEMPr is to translate environmental policy into practice by putting in place workable systems, structures and tools to achieve integrated and consistent environmental management of all environmental initiatives. This OEMPr suggests certain detailed objectives, which are applicable to the operation of Clarkson sewage network and Clarkson WWTW. It is important that the KKLM and their operational managers review these detailed policies and if in agreement, adopt them as firm policy.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

3.4 Environmental Policy – social housing development – Erf 168 We aim to conduct all our activities, constructions and operations in an environmentally responsible manner. As an agricultural producer of the SRVM and the NMBM we are we are committed to:

 Practising and promoting sustainable development during day to day execution of duties which have an impact on the environment, whether directly or indirectly.

 Establishing and maintaining compliance with all applicable legislation, regulatory requirements and industry standards for protection of the environment as a minimum condition and go beyond those requirements wherever practicable.

 Educating, informing and motivating our employees and contractors to ensure our activities and operations are conducted in an environmentally responsible manner through development and implementation of ongoing environmental training and the provision of advice as required.

 Actively communicate with employees, government agencies and the public with regard to environmental management and contribute to the development of laws and regulations which may affect our business.

 Prevent pollution, ensure efficient use of resources and minimise waste through promotion and implementation of cleaner operation principles and technology.

 Research, support and implement new technology and operational practices which improve environmental performance where practicable.

 Pursue continuous improvement in environmental performance through development and implementation of objectives and targets, reviewing Policy and Procedures and regularly monitoring and auditing our performance.

 Conduct periodic reviews of the effectiveness of this Environmental Policy, update this Policy when necessary and re-issue it to employees and the public as appropriate.

3.5 Organisational Overview All directors, shareholders and managers involved in the agricultural operations should be obliged to familiarise themselves with the adopted Environmental Policy. The owner should be familiar with the requirements of the OEMP and should execute all operational and maintenance activities in an environmentally responsible manner. This overview offers a perspective of the proposed organisation of the OEMP and the recommended responsibilities of key members of the project team, as represented on the organogram (Figure 4). Ultimate responsibility and public accountability for the OEMP and general environmental management during the operational phase resides with the owner of the property, Mr Rudolph Orban. The operational managers are responsible for implementing and managing the OEMP. It is recommended that a member of the operational team is nominated as an internal Environmental Control Officer, to ensure that the requirements of the OEMP are implemented throughout operational phase.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

It is recommended that an operational audit is carried out on an annual basis by an external independent environmental control officer, and that the annual audit report be submitted to the relevant authorities, namely, DEDEAT, DAFF, DWS and possibly the ECHPA as and when required. Where procedures in the OEMP and methods delineated in relevant Method Statements (applicable to maintenance) are persistently transgressed and appropriate corrective action is not implemented, the internal Environmental Control Officer through the operational manager may order the suspension of related activities or impose a fine on the transgressor. Records of incidents are to be kept and reported to the external ECO during audits. Meetings should be held every six (6) months to ensure that the OEMP is effectively implemented.

Authorities Environmental Coega Kamma Citrus (Pty) Ltd Consultant / represented by Owner of Farm DEDEAT, DWS, External ECO 717 (overall responsibility) DAFF, NMBM, SRVM

Operations Manager

Internal ECO

Operational Personnel Permanent staff Maintenance staff Seasonal workers Contractors Public

Figure 4: Organisational Structure for Environmental Management of the Operational phase

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

3.6 Roles and Responsibilities This section defines the roles of the key parties involved in the implementation of the OEMP and mitigation measures suggested in the Environmental Impact Report relevant to the development.

3.6.1 Coega Kamma Citrus (Pty) Ltd represented by Owner of Farm 717 (The Developer) Coega Kamma citrus, represented by the owner of Farm 717, as the project initiator, has the overall accountability and responsibility for environmental management during the design, construction and operational phases of the development. Further it the responsibility of the developer to ensure that the conditions of the Environmental Authorisation and mitigation measures presented in the impact assessment report are communicated to, implemented and complied with by the operational managers, operational personnel, permanent and seasonal staff and contractors. The developer will be responsible for liaison with the relevant authorities with respect to the implementation of the Environmental Authorisation and the EMP. With respect to the OEMP, the developer is responsible for:

 Reviewing any Method Statements that may be required for maintenance activities.  Reviewing and approving management plans that may be required for the operational phase.  Reviewing and approving any environmental monitoring programmes that may be required for the operational phase.  Advising on actions to be taken in the event of incidents or public complaints.  Providing the results of environmental reports to the relevant authority as and when required.  Ensuring any required audits are undertaken on a timely basis and that the results of the audits are communicated to all operation personnel.

3.6.2 Authorities The authorities are responsible for the timely processing and issuing of the necessary permits and authorisations for the operations of the agricultural activities taking place on farm 717. The authorities will ensure that the developer complies with the terms stipulated within the Section 24G Environmental Authorisation should and when it be issued. Where necessary, the authorities will assist the developer in understanding and meeting the specified requirements. The authorities may perform random controls to ensure compliance with the conditions. In such case, the developer will assist the authorities in every possible way so as to facilitate the control. In case of long-term non-compliance, the developer will be required to provide an action plan with corrective measures for approval by the authorities.

3.6.3 Responsibilities: Operational Manager All obligations relevant to the developer concerning the implementation of the OEMP, will apply to the operational manager. The developer will inform the operational manager of these obligations. The operational manager, together with the developer, shall nominate and train one of the permanent operational staff members as internal Environmental Control Officer to coordinate the environmental management activities during the operational phase.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

The operational manager, together with the nominated internal Environmental Control Officer, is responsible for conveying the requirements of the OEMP to the operational personnel, permanent and seasonal staff and contractors. It is the responsibility of the operational manager to ensure that any required Plans / programmes are in place and implemented to ensure that the environmental management objectives of this OEMP are achieved. These must be reviewed and approved by the developer. Specific responsibilities include:

 Formalising systems, commissioning any required monitoring programmes and delegating authority to ensure OEMP is effectively implemented.  Advising the developer on the appointment of any specialist if required.  Attending meetings (where performance of OEMP is discussed)  Devising environmental code of conduct for contractors and subcontractors as applicable  Briefing the personnel / contractors regarding their OEMP responsibilities and ensuring applicable conditions of the OEMP are implemented  Devising Corrective Action Procedure for implementing corrective and preventive action.  Compilation of applicable Method Statements, pro-forma, for distribution to the appropriate contractors and their sub-contractors.  Compilation of management plans / programmes

3.6.4 Responsibilities: Environmental Control Officer A member of the operational team will be nominated and trained as internal Environmental Control Officer. The internal Environmental Control Officer reports to the operational manager. Specific duties of the internal Environmental Officer include:

 Keeping copy of OEMPr on site and distributing to personnel / contractors / seasonal staff as required.  Inspections and monitoring to ensure compliance with the prescribed procedures in the CEMP.  Keeping records of waste disposal, audits, inspections, monitoring and corrective actions.  Identification of any new significant environmental impacts and their associated aspects, and the necessary environmental management requirements to manage them.  Organising regular internal audits on the implementation of the OEMP.  Raise awareness of the personnel and contractors to the environmental sensitivity of the project area.  Supporting and advising the operational manager, with regards to the review of any required Method Statements, management plans / programmes, auditing, monitoring and corrective and preventive actions.  Recommending environmentally appropriate solutions to environmental problems.  Recommending additional environmental management measures as appropriate.  Attending Meetings, as necessary or as determined by the operational manager / KKLM

An independent environmental control officer should be appointed to carry out external audits on a basis as required by the condition/s of the Section 24G environmental authorisation / soil permits / water use license / any other relevant environmental authorisations / licenses / permits.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

3.7 Method Statements / Management Plans / Programmes Upon receipt of the Section 24G environmental authorisation, the land owner must draft any required Method Statements / environmental plans / programmes as required by the OEMP and conditions of the Section 24G environmental authorisation. Any required monitoring and auditing programmes should be in put in place upon receipt of the Section 24G environmental authorisation.

3.8 Meetings It is recommended that a meeting is held once every six (6) months to discuss and review the OEMP. Additional meetings to discuss environmental issues raised during operations can be set up as and when required.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Chapter

Chapter 4: Environmental Management Programme Requirements

4.1 Introduction The Environmental Management Requirements are designed to address the legislation as well as the issues and impacts identified through the environmental assessment as they relate to the operational phase of the agricultural operations.

4.2 Legislation Applicable environmental legislation is listed as one of the Environmental Management Requirements in the Operational Environmental Management Programme. The list provided (Table 2) applies to the operational phase, however, the list is not exhaustive, and it is the responsibility of the operational manager and the contractors (as applicable) to ensure compliance with all appropriate environmental (and other) legislation at the national, provincial and local level. It is recommended that the operational manager obtain copies of all relevant legislation. An updated file of all legislation should be maintained at the office of the operational manager.

Table 2: Major Legislation Applicable to the agricultural operations Aspect Legislation Authority Environmental NEMA DEDEAT Authorisation Abstraction of Department of Water National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) groundwater and Sanitation (DWS) Water use license / Department of Water National Water Act (Act 36 of 1998) general authorisation and Sanitation (DWS) Air quality and dust Air Quality Act (Act 39 of 2004) DEDEA generation Worker health and Occupational Health and Safety Act, 1993 (Act 85 of Dept Labour safety 1993) A socially responsible Labour Relations Act, 1995 (Act 66 of 1995) Dept Labour workforce Waste disposal and National Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act 59 DEDEA waste management of 2008)

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Aspect Legislation Authority Environment Conservation Act 1989 (Act 73 of 1989) Sec Noise DEA, local authority 25 Cape Provincial Ordinance 19 of 1974; National Protected Animals and Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No 10 DEDEA, DAFF Plants of 2004) Forest Act of 1984 (Act 122 of 1984); National Protected Trees Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act (Act No 10 DAFF, DEDEA of 2004) Health issues Health Act (Act 63 of 1977) Department of Health Toxic and hazardous Hazardous Substances Act (Act 15 of 1973); National Department of Health, substances Environmental Management: Waste Act (Act 59 of 2008) DEDEA Fencing Fencing Act (Act 31 of 1963) DAFF Agricultural Pests Act (Act 36 of 1983); Alien invasive species National Environmental Management: Biodiversity Act DAFF / DEDEAT (Act No 10 of 2004) Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock DEDEA, Fertilizers and pesticides Remedies Act, 1947 (Act No. 36 of 1947) DAFF Agricultural Pest Act, 1983 (Act No 36 of 1983) The Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act (FCDA), 1972 (Act No. 54 of 1972) (Amendment Act 39 of 2007) Department of Health, Agricultural produce Genetically Modified Organisms Act of 1997 (GMO DAFF Act) and its subsidiary legislation

Agricultural activities and Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act, 1983 (Act DAFF soil permits 43 of 1983)

4.3 Environmental Management Requirements The environmental requirements provided in this section address the impacts identified in the environmental assessment. The environmental management requirements are worded in broad terms and details of the actions to be undertaken must be presented in the method statement / environmental programme / plan for each aspect as applicable. The Environmental Management Requirements are presented as follows:

 Objective: potentially significant impacts to be mitigated.  Aspects: activities likely to cause significant impacts; this list is not exhaustive and other unspecified activities might also cause the respective significant impacts.  Impacts: Identified during impact assessment process  Mitigation Measures: Measures to reduce significance of impact  Procedure: steps and/or actions required to manage (and minimise) the relevant aspects.  Target: the (quantitative) level of performance, sometimes determined by legislation, which must be met.

The operational components and environmental impacts are provided Table 3 below.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Table 3: Management of Environmental Impacts during operational phase

Environmental impacts Water, soil Stormwater Energy Flora & Project Aspects Watercourse groundwater & Soil Water use Use Fire Social Fauna quality Erosion Maintenance of Access roads and fire breaks    

Water supply pipelines (Gravity, main, connections)    

Maintenance of Pump stations     

Soil preparation (tilling, ripping, mulching etc.)     

Irrigation     

Fertilization     

Pest control     

Harvesting, packing, storing, loading     

Transport of produce  

Waste management     

Rehabilitation activities        

Key:  Management Plans to manage impacts to be implemented

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

4.3.1 Prerequisites for Operational Phase Prior to the commencement of operation, management actions relevant to the operational phase must be completed. Objectives To ensure that requirements of the relevant environmental legislation are met and ensure conditions of required approvals and OEMP are put in place. Aspect Environmental legislation Conditions of applicable approvals (i.e. S24 EA, WUL, soil permit) Impacts (EIR) Economic Impact Mitigation Ensure relevant authorisations, licensing and permits are applied for measures Future projects must ensure compliance with relevant environmental legislation Ensure conditions of required approvals are put in place Procedure Review the requirements of the relevant environmental legislation and put in place measures to attain required approvals. Review conditions of required approvals and convey the outstanding actions to the responsible team member. Targets All requirements of relevant environmental legislation is in place. Relevant conditions of applicable approvals in place

4.3.2 Flora and Fauna Objectives: Minimise disturbance and damage to indigenous flora and fauna on and surrounding the site Rehabilitation of disturbed areas Control alien invasive species on property Aspect Operations Impacts (EIR) Loss of indigenous vegetation Disturbance to fauna Loss of habitat and forage for terrestrial fauna Alien vegetation Fire Risk

Mitigation  It is recommended that an alien invasive removal programme be Measures (EIR) implemented for Ebb en Vloed Farm 717  Conservation Agriculture (Grain SA) as an approach to management of the farming area should be considered, this includes: o Continuous minimum mechanical soil disturbance. o Permanent organic soil cover. o Diversification of crop species grown in sequences and/or

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

associations.  Any rehabilitation work required is to make use of indigenous species local to the area. Large succulent species such as Aloe ferox, Aloe striata and A. africana are encouraged for use as wind breaks along fence lines.  The 35m buffer area around the watercourse is recommended to be rehabilitated using indigenous vegetation.  Eroded areas are recommended to be rehabilitated using indigenous vegetation.  It is advisable to treat the roots of trees ready for transplanting with an environmentally friendly fungicide before transplanting these as tree death is often caused by root infestation of fungi  The area (a minimum of 1250 ha) outside existing and future planned farming activities to be managed naturally; Design any fences to allow for the passage of small fauna; Do not introduce extra-limital species onto the property; Species of special concern sited on the property should be recorded and reported to relevant monitoring authority (i.e. BirdLife South Africa, SANBI, EWT); maintain natural corridors  Should any maintenance be required on site during the life of the operation ensure indigenous vegetated areas are not used as laydown areas;  Ensure movement of maintenance workers is limited to areas under maintenance.  No disturbance to fauna or flora on Farm 717 is allowed without the necessary permits in place.  Gathering of firewood or indigenous vegetation on or adjacent to the farming activities should not be permitted  No dumping of any materials on surrounding vegetation is allowed.  Ensure the site is litter free for the life of the operation. Procedure Provide training to personnel Ongoing alien plant removal. Ongoing rehabilitation. Put in place emergency fire procedures and fire preventative measures on site Apply for relevant permits as required Targets Training completed Alien plant removal and monitoring programme implemented. Disturbed areas revegetated Fire emergency procedure and preventative measures in place No record of non-compliance.

4.3.3 Water use Objectives: To ensure water use licenses are in place Minimise water use

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Aspect Farming operations and infrastructure (dams, pipelines, irrigation) Impacts (EIR) Excessive water use

Mitigation  A Section 21 a, c and I water use license has been issued for future planned Measures (EIR) farming activities. Measures must be put in place to ensure compliance to the existing water use license  A water use license / GA is required for existing activities within the 1:100 year floodline under Section 21 c & i of the NWA, 1998.)  Consider Conservation Agriculture (Grain SA) as an approach to management of the farming area i.e. permanent organic soil cover to assist in reduction of evaporation and runoff and increase water use efficiency  Where possible, convert dragline / pivot irrigated fields to drip irrigation.  Implement water use monitoring system o Measure flows entering and leaving the dam o Record levels in the dam on a monthly basis  Install and monitor appropriate water measuring devices to measure the amount of water abstracted, received and / or consumed as applicable to the infrastructure; implement a monitoring programme of such devices  Daily quantity of water taken must be metered or measured and the total recorded on the last day of each month; records of water measurements are to be kept and forwarded to the DWS annually as per existing WUL.  Ensure storage structures to comply with Dam Safety Regulations  Ensure all pipes are correctly installed and aligned to applicable SANS standards and correctly maintained for the life of the operation  Ensure any leaks are attended to immediately for the life of the operation  Ensure adequate accessibility to pump stations is provided Procedure Correct installation of infrastructure Job specific training Targets Water use licenses in place Compliance to conditions of water use licenses Water monitoring system in place for monitoring of dam flows and levels

4.3.4 Soil and Water quality Objectives: To manage runoff - Implement storm water management plan; implement emergency plan for spillages To minimise erosion To maintain soil quality Aspect Farming operations and associated irrigation Impacts (EIR) Water quality, run off, erosion, sedimentation, air quality

Mitigation  No run-off should be allowed to leave the site directly. Current and future Measures (EIR) areas should be contained using berms / swales or ponds as part of a

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

stormwater management plan. These areas will then attenuate the flows, while reducing the creation of any surface water flows presently not found within the site.  The stormwater management plan (SWMP) should be integrated for the entire development and no structures or return flows must be allowed to discharge directly into the 1:100-year flood line and the 35m buffer  Sediment traps and stilling basins should also be included into the SWMP where steep areas that are susceptible to erosion are encountered, especially above the salt marsh areas.  Optimize irrigation water to minimize nutrient leaching; Implement drip systems to minimise evaporation, surface runoff, leaching  Maintain permanent organic cover  Reduce frequency of tillage / consider implementing zero tillage methods where possible  If large areas are exposed at a time, dampen exposed soil areas on very windy days (>45 km/hr wind speeds) and / or make use of mulch to prevent soil erosion by wind and runoff  Topsoil and compost stockpiles should be wetted or otherwise stabilised to prevent wind erosion and dust generation.  Avoid use of heavy machinery to prevent soil compaction  Avoid tillage of wet soil (soil is more susceptible to shearing and compression when wet)  Reduce frequency of tillage; Consider implementing zero tillage methods where possible  Deep ripping should only be used as a last resort. Ripping moist to wet soil must not occur – it will cause further smearing and compaction.  If ripping takes place, ensure soil is dry enough to deep rip. The paddock should be cultivated first to leave some loose soil on the surface. This will allow subsequent tillage operations more comfortable and helps restore the seedbed to a reasonable tilth quicker. Procedure Put in place stormwater management plan Targets Stormwater management plan in place and measures implemented on site

4.3.5 FERTILIZERS AND PESTICIDES Objectives: Responsible use of fertilizers and pesticides Aspect Farming operations and associated soil conditioning and pest control Impacts (EIR) Fauna, flora, soil quality, surface water quality, groundwater quality, air quality

Mitigation  Apply fertilizers and pesticides with the utmost caution. Measures (EIR)  Investigate using natural organic inputs instead of artificial fertilizers; Mulch and solarization can be effective for weed control.  Increase use of natural alternative fertilizers - manure, cakes of plant origin, vermicompost, microbial bio-fertilizers  If pesticides are to be used: o Make use of target-specific pesticides only. o Avoid persistent pesticides, rather using biodegradable types.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

o Understand how each pesticide works, and when its effects should become evident. o Ensure selection of the correct pesticide, and best method of application and dose. o Avoid indiscriminate aerial spraying at all times, and aerial spraying on windy days. o No spraying of pesticides if bees are present  The use of pesticides are regulated by the Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. Ensure compliance with applicable legislation: Legislation applicable to pesticides and fertilizers includes:  Fertilizers, Farm Feeds, Agricultural Remedies and Stock Remedies Act, 1947 (Act No. 36 of 1947)  Agricultural Pest Act, 1983 (Act No 36 of 1983)  Section 24 of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, (Act No. 108 of 1996)  Medicines and Related Substances Control Act, 1965 (Act 101 of 1965)  Hazardous Substances Act, 1973 (Act 15 of 1973)  The Foodstuffs, Cosmetics and Disinfectants Act (FCDA), 1972 (Act No. 54 of 1972) (Amendment Act 39 of 2007)  The Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA), 1993 (Act No. 85 of 1993)  Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act, 1983 (Act 43 of 1983)  Ensure correct training in proper pesticide use is provided to workers.  Ensure the correct Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is provided and used during pesticide applications.  It is recommended that paraquat no longer be used due to its extreme toxicity to animals and humans. Procedure Investigate natural inputs and minimise use of pesticides and fertilizers Put in place procedures for soil conditioning and pest control measures used (application rate, timing etc.) Targets Minimal use of fertilizers and pesticides Procedures in place for soil conditioning and pest control measures

4.3.6 Waste management and Storage of hazardous materials Objectives To prevent accumulation of waste materials. To prevent littering Minimise the quantities of waste generated Dispose of wastes in the appropriate manner Recycle and reuse of waste where possible Storage of hazardous materials Aspect Waste streams generated from operational activities Impacts (EIR) Impact on natural environment; soil, water, groundwater quality

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Mitigation  Keep all chemicals well labelled and locked away in a secure store room. Measures (EIR)  Chemical storage areas, ablution facilities and waste management facilities must be located outside the DWS regulated areas.  Any stored fuels to be maintained within a bunded area and on a sealed surface.  Emergency management protocol to be put in place for response to spills.  Ensure the site is litter free for the life of the operation and suitable waste receptacles are provided and correctly maintained and emptied regularly; ensure waste collection services from the site are in place  Waste should be reused / recycled, where the quantity allows this, or disposed at a licensed waste site.  No stockpiling of stockpiles (compost, soil) permitted within 35 m buffer around watercourse  Ensure design of all composting facilities is approved by relevant authority and the design complies to the draft national norms and standards for organic waste composting (2019) published in terms of the NWA (No. 59 of 2008) Procedure Put in place waste management plan which identifies waste streams generated during operations (i.e. domestic, hazardous, green waste etc.) and identifies management measures per waste stream. A waste management plan is to be put in place which would entail identification of waste streams generated during operations and putting in place suitable measures to manage the waste streams as per the waste hierarchy (Reduce, reuse, recycle). Suitable waste receptacles / waste management areas are to be provided and correctly maintained as required for the life of the operation. Put in place emergency procedure for clean-up of spillages Composting facilities to be designed as per the draft national norms and standards for organic waste composting (2019) published in terms of the NWA (No. 59 of 2008) The requirements of the Waste Act (Act 59 of 2008), Health Act (Act 50 of 1992) and the Environmental Conservation Act (Act 73 of 1989) are applicable to waste management. Targets Waste management plan in place Emergency clean up procedure in place and suitable training provided Approved design of compost facilities

4.3.7 Fire Prevention Objectives: To prevent fire outbreak. Aspect Operational activities, vegetation on and surrounding site Impacts Damage to social, natural and built environment

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Mitigation  An emergency fire management plan must be designed and Measures implemented for operational phase.  Fire preventative measures must be put in place to prevent outbreak of fires. An emergency fire procedure to be in place. Law governs the management of fire (National Veld and Forest Fire Act No. 101 of 1998) that specifies the need for landowners to implement at least a 5m fire break in areas where natural veld adjoins agricultural land or alien thickets). Negligence with regards to fire management has legal implications. All landholders are required by law to compile and implement an appropriate fire management plan. To carry out a burn in the prescribed season, a permit will need to be obtained from the relevant Fire Protection Association (FPA). A general rule is to plan for safe, managed burns and allow for wildfires.  The required fire break must be maintained  Job specific training to be provided to individuals responsible for dealing with fire management.  Fire-fighting equipment must be available and readily accessible on site.  Ensure key operational staff have emergency numbers on hand at all times / numbers clearly displayed on site and updated as and when required.  No open fires permitted on site, unless in designated areas.  No cigarette butts or burning substances are permitted to be released into the environment. All cigarette butts to be extinguished first and then disposed of in a waste receptacle provided.  Alien vegetation and vegetation litter is to be removed off site and not stockpiled at the site to reduce fire risk.  If a fire is detected it must be attended to immediately.  Health and safety obligations as required by applicable National regulations and municipal bylaws to be implemented.  SANRAL requirements must be complied with. Procedure A Fire Emergency Plan must be in place and include the mitigation measures Targets Fire Emergency Plan in place. Job specific training on fire management completed.

4.3.8 Social Issues – Employment opportunities and skills transfer Objectives: To ensure local employment and transfer of skills Aspect Farming operations and related employment opportunities Impacts (EIR) Creation of employment and skills transfer Mitigation Use local labour Measures (BAR) Make use of local suppliers Use local materials where possible

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Do not employ persons directly on site. Do not pay any cash wages on site. Advertise locally making use of local resources for this purpose. Use a reputable agencies / avenues / Department of labour for employment requirements Health and safety obligations as required by applicable National regulations and municipal bylaws to be implemented Procedure Put in place employment procedure. Targets Employment of local persons.

Chapter

Chapter 5: Environmental Management and Monitoring Requirements

5.1 Introduction This chapter outlines the monitoring requirements and performance indicators to ensure that the OEMP is effectively implemented. This chapter also includes corrective action, auditing requirements and record keeping.

5.2 Environmental Compliance Monitoring The operational manager and environmental control officer must devise a monitoring programme in order to ensure compliance with the procedures and targets. The operational manager and environmental control officer are responsible for monitoring the procedures and targets applicable to each environmental management requirement. The Operational manager in conjunction with the Environmental Officer must decide on the frequency of inspections. For each of the environmental management requirements, the specific elements listed below should be monitored. This list is intended as a guide and is not necessarily exhaustive; consequently, other elements might need to be monitored to ensure compliance with the relevant target.

5.2.1 Fauna and Flora Monitoring  Disturbance/destruction of flora (including protected species) in open space area and watercourse area  Disturbance/destruction to habitats in open space area and watercourse area  Maintaining indigenous vegetation within open space area  Removing alien invasive vegetation from watercourse area  Planting trees representative of surrounding indigenous vegetation (refer to vegetation assessments)  Animal Mortalities (all animal mortalities reported to the Operational manager)

Performance Indicators  Minimal disturbance to flora and habitat.  No collection of plants taking place  No animal mortalities reported.  No disturbance to vegetation on surrounding properties.  Ongoing removal of alien invasives CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

 Ongoing plating of trees representative of surrounding indigenous vegetation (refer to vegetation assessments)

5.2.2 Water Use Monitoring  Visual inspection of water infrastructure in place (pipes, dams, pumphouses)  Measuring dam flows entering and leaving dam  Recording dam levels on monthly basis  Permissible water quota per day is set as per conditions of water use license  Measuring daily quantities of water taken / total recorded each month and records sent to DWS once a year

Performance Indicators  Water infrastructure in good working order  No leaks  No excessive water use  Water saving technologies implemented

5.2.3 Stormwater, Soil Erosion and Sediment control Monitoring  Visual inspection of effectiveness of storm water controls (i.e. berms / swales / ponds)  Visual monitoring of the extent of stormwater runoff from site during periods of heavy rainfall  Visual monitoring of sedimentation of drainage areas  Visual monitoring for erosion

Performance Indicators  Runoff effectively contained and managed  Disturbed areas rehabilitated  Exposed areas protected from wind / water erosion  Effective erosion controls

5.2.4 Fertilizers and Pesticides Monitoring  No aerial spraying; no application of pesticides if bees are present  Correct safety measures used  Alternative measures for soil conditioning and pest control implemented  Monitor surrounding vegetation for adverse effects following application of pesticides  Products used conform to relevant legislation and guidelines

Performance Indicators  Responsible application of soil conditioning and pest control measures

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

5.2.5 Waste Management and storage of hazardous materials Monitoring  Emergency procedures and waste management plan in place  Quantities and types of wastes  Timely collection and correct disposal / recycling / reuse of waste  Correct storage of hazardous materials and waste materials  Correct design and approval of waste management facilities  Site is litter free

Performance Indicators  Reuse and recycling of materials is maximised  Emergency procedure in place  Waste management plan in place  Measures and infrastructure in place to manage waste and hazardous materials

5.2.6 Social aspects Monitoring  Staff comply to mitigation measures regarding flora and fauna, waste, water and energy  Residents do not cause nuisances with regards to noise, litter, fauna, flora, speeding  Security measures in place are effective deterrent against criminal activities

Performance Indicators  No damage to flora and fauna from staff / residents  No speeding  No criminal activities  No complaints

5.2.7 Fire Prevention Monitoring  Fire emergency plan in place  Designated person must monitor the site for build-up of fuel (litter, vegetation) and remove as required  Emergency fire numbers on display and firefighting equipment in place

Performance Indicators  Fire preventative measures in place  Fire emergency response plan in place

5.2.8 Response to Public Complaints The operations manager must respond to queries and complaints from the public regarding operation of the social housing establishment. In responding to such queries and / or complaints the operations manager must document all such communications in a complaints register. All queries and complaints must be reported to the Developer. All remedial action taken on a complaint must be recorded in the complaints register.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

5.3 Corrective and Preventive Action A Corrective Action Procedure for implementing corrective and preventive action will be implemented during construction phase and maintained during operational phase. The Correct and Preventive Action Procedure should:

 Report non-compliance with procedures or targets identified during monitoring and inspections (on Incident Forms)  Report other failures creating environmental problems  Report imminent non-compliance and potential environmental problems  Delegate responsibility for corrective and preventive action  Document the resolution of the reported non-compliance or environmental problem  Impose disciplinary action where persistent non-compliance occurs.

Where possible, the Environmental Corrective Action Procedure should be integrated with the Quality, Health, Safety and, possibly, Maintenance, Corrective Action Procedures.

5.3.1 Penalties Transgressions relate to actions carried out by the operations personnel or maintenance staff or contractors which result in damage or harm inflicted upon the environment or any feature of the environment and where any of the conditions or specifications of the Operational Environmental Management Programme are infringed upon. In the instance of environmental damage, the damage, where possible, is to be repaired and rehabilitated using appropriate measures, as specified and undertaken by appropriate specialists, for the account of the contractor or other guilty party.

5.4 Record Keeping The internal environmental control officer and operations manager must devise forms (i.e. pro forma) for:

 Daily, weekly, monthly, biannual (or as appropriate) monitoring of environmental management requirements and targets (these should be integrated with those for Quality, Health, Safety and, possibly, Maintenance).  Non-compliance (time, offender), including a register of “offenders”  Recommended corrective action  Resolution of non-compliance problems  Management Plans / Procedures where applicable  Logging complaints received in a complaints register and associated responses  Evaluating the personnel environmental training as applicable  Keeping record of waste disposal / recycling  Auditing of activities  Meetings attended

These records should be made available for review.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Chapter

Chapter 6: References

 Acocks, J. P. H. 1988. Veld Types of South Africa. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa. No 57. Department of Agriculture and Water Supply. Pretoria. South Africa.  Auerbach, S I. Ecosystem response to stress: A review of concepts and approaches. In: Barrett, G W, and Rosenberg, R. (eds). Stress effects on natural ecosystems. John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1981, pp 29 41.  Bauer, A.M., Good, D.A. & Branch, W.R. 1997. The taxonomy of the southern African leaf-toed geckos, with a review of Old World "Phyllodactylus" (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and the description of five new genera. Proc. Cal. Acad. Sci. in press.  Bay Area Stormwater Management Agencies Association (BASMAA). 1997. Start at the Source: Residential Site Planning and Design Guidance Manual for Stormwater Quality Protection. Prepared by Tom Richman and Associates, Palo Alto, California, 94301.  Bond, P. and Goldblatt, P. 1984. Plants of the Cape Flora - a descriptive catalogue. Journal of South African Botany. Supplementary Volume 13.  Bond, W. J. 1980. Periodicity in Fynbos of the non-seasonal rainfall belt. Journal of South African Botany 46: 342-354.  Boycott, R.C & Bourquin, O. 1988. South African tortoise book, Struik Publ., Johannesburg, 148pp.  Boycott, R.C. 1982. On the taxonomic status of Heleophryne regis Hewitt, 1909 (Anura: Leptodactylidae). Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. 14(3): 89-108.  Branch, W. R. 1988. South African Red Data Book - Reptiles and Amphibians. S. Afr. Natl. Sci. Prgm. Rep. 151: 1-241.  Branch, W. R. 1988. Terrestrial reptiles and amphibians. In: A field guide to the Eastern Cape coast. Eds. Lubke, R.A., Gess, F.W. and Bruton, M. The Grahamstown Centre of the Wildlife Society of southern Africa, Grahamstown, pp. 251-264.  Branch, W. R. 1990. Herpetofauna of the Cape Province, South Africa: New distribution records and zoogeography. J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr. 37: 17-44.  Branch, W.R. & Haagner, G.V. 1992. New reptile records from three southern National Parks. Koedoe 35(2): 59-60.  Branch, W.R. & Hanekom, N. 1987. The Herpetofauna of the Tsitsikamma Coastal and Forest National Parks. Koedoe 30: 49-60.  Branch, W.R. (ed.) 1988b. South African Red Data Book - Reptiles and Amphibians. S. Afr. Nat. Sci. Prog. Rpt. 151, iv, 109pp.  Branch, W.R. 1981. An annotated checklist of the lizards of the Cape Province. Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) 13(11): 141-167.  Branch, W.R. 1988. Field Guide to the snakes and other reptiles of Southern Africa. Struik Publishers, Cape Town, 328pp.  Branch, W.R. 1990. Herpetofauna of the Cape Province, South Africa: New distribution records and zoogeography. J. Herpetol. Ass. Afr. 37: 17-44.  Branch, W.R. 1990b. The Herpetofauna of the Cape Province, South Africa: New distribution records and zoogeography. J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 37: 17-44.  Branch, W.R. Bauer, A.M. & Good, D.A. 1995. Species limits in the Phyllodactylus lineatus complex (Reptilia: Gekkonidae), with the elevation of two taxa to specific status and the description of two new species. J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 44(2): 33-54.  Branch, W.R. Benn, G.A. & Lombard, A.T. 1995. The tortoises (Testudinidae) and terrapins (Pelomedusidae) of southern Africa: their diversity, distribution and conservation. S. Afr. J. Zool. 30(3): 91-102.  Breytenbach F. 1974. Southern Cape forests and trees. Pretoria: Government Printer.  Broadley, D.G. 1990. FitzSimons' Snakes of southern Africa. Jonathan Ball and Ad. Donker Publ., Parklands, 387pp.  Burger, M. & Smith, R.B.T. 1992. Geographical distribution: Bradypodion taeniabronchum. J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 41: 37.  Burger, M. 1992. Geographical distribution: Breviceps fuscus. J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 41: 35-36.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

 Burger, M. 1994. Provisional herpetofaunal checklist of Goukamma Nature Reserve. Unpublished E.C.N.C. document – July 1994.  Burger, M. 1996. Herpetofauna of The Pinnacles, Knysna. Unpublished ENVIRO-CONSULT report – November 1996.  Burger, M. 1996. Provisional checklist of the reptiles and amphibians of Keurbooms River and Robberg Nature Reserves. Unpublished E.C.N.C. document - February 1996.  Burger, M. Boycott, R.C. & Smith, R.B.T. 1997. The herpetofauna of the Formosa Conservation Area. Extended abstract, p 135- 139 in: Proceedings of the Third H.A.A. Symposium. Van Wyk, J.H. (Ed.), RotaPress, Cape Town.  Carruthers, V.C. & Robinson, G.A. 1977. Notes on amphibia in the Tsitsikamma National Parks. Koedoe 20: 115-123.  Coates-Palgrave K. 1996. Trees of Southern Africa. Eighth edition. Cape Town: Struik.  Cohen, M. 1997. Environmental permissions and permitting requirements for the Coega harbour and Industrial Development Zone initiative with comments on other relevant legislation. Report for the Coega harbour EIA. CEN, Integrated Environmental Management Unit, Port Elizabeth.  Cowling R. and Richardson D. 1995. Fynbos. Cape Town: Fernwood Press.  Cowling R.M. 1992. The ecology of Fynbos. Oxford University Press.  Cowling, R. M. 1984. A syntaxonomic and synecological study in the Humansdorp region of the Fynbos Biome. Bothalia 15. 1 and 2.  De Graaff, G. 1981. The rodents of southern Africa. Butterworths, Pretoria.  Department of Community Development (1983) Guidelines for Provision of Engineering Services in Residential Townships.  Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism. 1997. Guidelines for Comprehensive Environmental Impact Reports. Unpublished Memorandum.  Department of Environment Affairs. The integrated environmental management procedure. Guideline document 1, Department of Environment Affairs, Pretoria, 1992, p 19.  Environment Protection Authority 2004 Handbook for Pollution Avoidance on Commercial and Residential Building Sites (Second Edition)  FitzSimons, V.F.M. 1943. The lizards of South Africa. Mem. Transvaal Mus. 1: 1-528.  Geldenhuys, C J, and MacDevette, D R. Conservation status of coastal and montane evergreen forest. In: Huntley, B J (ed). Biotic diversity in southern Africa: concepts and conservation. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, 1989, pp 224-238.  Geldenhuys, C J, Le Roux, P J, and Cooper, K H. Alien invasions in indigenous evergreen forest. In: Macdonald, I A W, Kruger, F J, and Ferrar, A A (eds). The ecology and management of biological invasions in southern Africa. Oxford University Press, Cape Town, 1986, pp 119-131.  Geldenhuys, C J. Distribution and classification of the indigenous evergreen forest and woodland in southern Africa. In: Forestry Handbook, Southern African Institute of Forestry, Pretoria, 1987, pp 443-453.  Geldenhuys, C J. Environmental and biogeographic influences on the distribution and composition of the southern Cape forests (veld Type 4). PhD thesis, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 1989, pp 324.  Gess, F.W. and Gess, S.K. 1988. Terrestrial invertebrates: Insects. In: A field guide to the Eastern Cape coast. Eds. Lubke, R.A., Gess, F.W. and Bruton, M. The Grahamstown Centre of the Wildlife Society of southern Africa, Grahamstown, pp. 241-250.  Gibbs Russell, F.E. and Robinson, E.R. 1981. Phytogeography and speciation in the vegetation of the Eastern Cape. Bothalia 13: 467-472.  Greig, J.C. & Burdett, P.D. 1976. Patterns in the distribution of Southern African terrestrial tortoises (Cryptodira: Testudinidae). Zool Africana 11(2): 249-273.  Greig, J.C., Boycott, R.C. & De Villiers, A.L. 1979. Notes on the elevation of Rana fasciata montana FitzSimons, 1946 to specific rank, and on the identity of Rana fasciata sensu Burchell, 1824 (Anura: Ranidae). Ann. Cape Prov. Mus. 13(1): 1-29.  Hansen, A J, and Walker, B H. The dynamic landscape : perturbation, biotic response, biotic patterns. Bulletin of the South African Institute of Ecologists, Vol 4, No 2, 1985, pp 5 14.  Henning, S.F. and Henning, G.A. 1989. South African Red Data Book - Butterflies. S. Afr. Natl. Sci. Prgm. Rep. 158: 1-175.  Hilton-Taylor C. 1995. Red Data List of Southern African Plantss. National Botanical Institute.  LaCock, G.D., Palmer, A.R. and Everard, D.A. 1990. Re-assessment of the area and conservation status of subtropical transitional thicket (Valley Bushveld) in the Eastern Cape. S. Afr. J of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Cartography No. 15.  Lombard, A.T., Nicholls, A.O. & August, P.V. 1995. Where should Nature Reserves Be Located in South Africa? A Snake’s Perspective. Conservation Biology 9(2): 363-372.  Low, A.B. and Rebelo, A.G. 1996. Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Department of Environment Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria, 85pp.  Lubke R. A. and Van Wijk Y. 1998. Terrestrial Plants and coastal vegetation. In: Lubke R.A. and De Moor I. Field guide to the Eastern and Southern Cape coasts. University of Cape Town Press.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

 Lubke R. and McKenzie B. 1998. Afromontane forest. In: Low A.B. & Rebelo A.G. (eds.). Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Dept. of Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Pretoria.  Lubke, R.A. and de Moor, I. (1998), Field Guide to the Eastern and Southern Cape Coasts, UCT Press.  Lubke, R.A. and Van Wyk, Y. 1988. Terrestrial Plants and coastal vegetation. In: A field guide to the Eastern Cape coast. Eds. Lubke, R.A., Gess, F.W. and Bruton, M. The Grahamstown Centre of the Wildlife Society of southern Africa, Grahamstown.  Lubke, R.A., Everard, D.A. and Jackson, S. 1986. The biomes of the Eastern Cape with emphasis on their conservation. Bothalia. No. 16.  Marker, M.E. 1988. Geology and geomorphology. In: A field guide to the Eastern Cape coast. Eds. Lubke, R.A., Gess, F.W. and Bruton, M. The Grahamstown Centre of the Wildlife Society of southern Africa, Grahamstown, 11-18pp.  Moll, E J, and White, F. The Indian Ocean coastal belt. In Werger, M J A (ed). Biogeography and ecology of southern Africa, W Junk, The Hague, 1978, pp 561-598.  Passmore, N.I. & Carruthers, V.C. 1995. South African Frogs - A complete guide (Revised Edition). Southern Book Publishers, Halfway House, and Witwatersrand University Press, Johannesburg, 322 pp.  Poynton, J.C. 1964. The Amphibia of southern Africa: A faunal study. Ann. Natal Mus. 17: 1-334.  Prince George’s County, Maryland Department of Environmental Resource Programs and Planning Division 1999 Low-Impact Development: An Integrated Design Approach  Raal, P and Burns, M. E. R. 1989. The mapping and conservation importance rating of the Cape coastal vegetation as an aid to development Planning. Southern Cape Coast. EMA-CA 89153. CSIR, Stellenbosch, 1989.  Rebelo, A.G. 1996. Mountain Fynbos. In: Low, A.B. & Rebelo, A.G. (eds) Vegetation of South Africa, Lesotho and Swaziland. Dept. Environmental Affairs & Tourism, Pretoria.  Riley, A. & Branch, W.R. 1998. Geographical Distribution: Varanus albigularis albigularis. African Herp News 28: 33-34.  Rutherford, M C, and Westfall, R H. Biomes of southern Africa - an objective categorization. Memoirs of the Botanical Survey of South Africa, Vol 54, 1986, pp 98.  Stuart, C.T., Palmer, N.G. & Munnik, B.M. 1978a. A preliminary report on the vertebrate fauna of Cape Provincial Nature Reserves - Keurbooms River Nature Reserve. C.P.A. Research Report: 160-176.  Visser, J.D. 1979. New and reconfirmed records for the Cape Province with notes on some "rare" species. J. Herpetol. Assoc. Afr. 21: 40-50.  Visser, J.D. 1984. Akkedisse van suider Afrika. Landbouweekblad, Vols. 319-359.  White, P S, and Pickett, S T A. Natural disturbance and patch dynamics : An introduction. In: Pickett, S T A, and White, P S. (eds). The ecology of natural disturbance and patch dynamics. Academic Press, London, 1985, p 3 13.

Appendix A: Declared Weeds and Invader Plants

Extracts from Regulation GNR.1048 of 25 May 1984 in terms of the Conservation of Agricultural Resources Act 43 of 1984 as amended by Notice Government Gazette R. 2687 on 6 December 1985 and GN R. 280 on 30 March 2001

WEEDS AND INVADER PLANTS 15. Declaration of weeds and invader Plants (1) Plants of the kinds specified in column 1 of Table 1 as category 1 Plants are hereby declared weeds to the extent indicated in column 3 of the said Table opposite the names of the respective kinds of Plants. (2) Plants of the kinds specified in column 1 of Table 1 as category 2 Plants and as category 3 Plants are hereby declared invader Plants to the extent indicated in column 3 of the said Table opposite the names of the respective kinds of Plants. (Regulation 15 substituted by GNR.280 of 2001.)

15 A Combating of category 1 Plants (1) Category 1 Plants may not occur on any land or inland water surface other than in biological control reserves. (2) A land user shall control any category 1 Plants that occur on any land or inland water surface in contravention of the provisions of sub-regulation (1) by means of the methods prescribed in regulation 15 E. (3) No person shall, except in or for purposes of a biological control reserve: (a) establish, plant, maintain, multiply or propagate category 1 Plants; (b) import or sell propagating material of category 1 Plants or any category 1 Plants; (c) acquire propagating material of category 1 Plants or any category 1 Plants. (4) The executive officer may, on good cause shown in writing by the land user, grant written exemption from compliance with the requirements of sub-regulation (1) on such conditions as the executive officer may determine in each case. (Regulation 15 A inserted by GNR.280 of 2001.)

15 B Combating of category 2 Plants (1) Category 2 Plants may not occur on any land or inland water surface other than a demarcated area or a biological control reserve. (2)(a) The executive officer may on application in writing demarcate an area as an area where category 2 Plants may occur, be established and be maintained. An area in respect of which a water use licence for stream flow reduction activities has been issued in terms of section 36 of the National Water Act, 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998) shall be deemed to be a demarcated area. (3) The executive officer shall demarcate an area for the occurrence, establishment and maintenance of category 2 Plants only if: (a) the category 2 Plants in the area are cultivated under controlled circumstances; and (b) the land user concerned has been authorised to use water in terms of the National Water Act, 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998); and (c) the category 2 Plants or products of category 2 Plants in the area are demonstrated to primarily serve a commercial purpose, use as a woodlot, shelter belt, building CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

material, animal fodder, soil stabilisation, medicinal or other beneficial function that the executive officer may approve; and (d) all reasonable steps are taken to curtail the spreading of propagating material of the category 2 Plants outside the demarcated areas. (4) When an area is demarcated for the occurrence, establishment and maintenance of category 2 Plants the executive officer may impose such additional conditions as may reasonably be deemed necessary to keep the category 2 Plants in the area in check. (5) No person shall sell propagating material of category 2 Plants or any category 2 Plants to another person unless such other person is a land user of a demarcated area or of a biological control reserve. (6) No person shall acquire propagating material of category 2 Plants or any category 2 Plants unless such material or such Plants are intended for use in a demarcated area or in a biological control reserve. (7) Propagating material of category 2 Plants or category 2 Plants shall only be imported or sold in accordance with the provisions of the Plant Improvement Act, 1976 (Act No. 53 of 1976), the Agricultural Pests Act, 1983 (Act No. 36 of 1983) and the environment conservation regulations. (8) A land user shall control any category 2 Plants that occur on any land or inland water surface in contravention of the provisions of sub-regulation (1) by means of the methods prescribed in regulation 15E. (9) Unless authorised thereto in terms of the National Water Act, 1998 (Act No. 36 of 1998), no land user shall allow category 2 Plants to occur within 30 meters of the 1:50 year flood line of a river, stream, spring, natural channel in which water flows regularly or intermittently, lake, dam or wetland. (10) The executive officer may, on good cause shown in writing by the land user, grant written exemption from compliance with one or more of the requirements of sub- regulations (1), (3), (5), (6), (8) and (9) on such conditions as the executive officer may determine in each case. Regulation 15 B inserted by GNR.280 of 2001

15 C Combating of category 3 Plants (1) Category 3 Plants shall not occur on any land or inland water surface other than in a biological control reserve. (2) Subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (3), the provisions of sub-regulation (1) shall not apply in respect of category 3 Plants already in existence at the time of the commencement of these regulations. (3) (a) No land user shall allow category 3 Plants to occur within 30 meters of the 1:50 year flood line of a river, stream, spring, natural channel in which water flows regularly or intermittently, lake, dam or wetland. (b) The executive officer may impose such additional conditions as may reasonably be deemed necessary with regard to category 3 Plants already in existence at the time of the commencement of these regulations. (c) A land user must take all reasonable steps to curtail the spreading of propagating material of category 3 Plants. (d) The executive officer may, after consultation with the land user, issue a direction in terms of section 7 of the Act that category 3 Plants in existence at the time of the commencement of these regulations must be controlled by means of the measures prescribed in regulation 15F. (4) No person shall, except in or for purposes of a biological control reserve: (a) Plant, establish, maintain, multiply or propagate category 3 Plants; (b) import or sell propagating material of category 3 Plants or any category 3 Plants; (c) acquire propagating material of category 3 Plants or any category 3 Plants.

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

(5) The executive officer may, on good cause shown in writing by the land user, grant written exemption from compliance with one or more of the requirements of sub-regulations (1), (3) and (4) on such conditions as the executive officer may determine in each case. (Regulation 15 C inserted by GN R.280 of 2001.)

15 D Designation of biological control reserves (1) The executive officer may on application in writing designate an area as a biological control reserve. (2) The executive officer shall designate an area as a biological control reserve only if: (a) the area concerned is used for the breeding of biological control agents by a biological control expert; and (b) no other measures that may destroy or render the biological control ineffective are applied in that area; and (c) the area concerned serves as a refuge from where biological control agents can move or be distributed to other infestations of category 1, 2 and 3 Plants. (Regulation 15 D inserted by GNR.280 of 2001.)

15 E Methods of control (1) Where category 1, 2 or 3 Plants occur contrary to the provisions of these regulations, a land user shall control such Plants by means of one or more of the following methods of control as is appropriate for the species concerned and the ecosystem in which it occurs: (a) uprooting, felling, cutting or burning; (b) treatment with a weed killer that is registered for use in connection with such Plants in accordance with the directions for the use of such a weed killer; (c) biological control carried out in accordance with the stipulations of the Agricultural Pests Act, 1983 (Act No. 38 of 1983), the Environment Conservation Act, 1989 (Act No. 73 of 1989) and any other applicable legislation; (d) any other method of treatment recognised by the executive officer that has as its object the control of the Plants concerned, subject to the provisions of sub-regulation (4); (e) a combination of one or more of the methods prescribed in paragraphs (a), (b), (c), and (d), save that biological control reserves and areas where biological control agents are effective shall not be disturbed by other control methods to the extent that the agents are destroyed or become ineffective. (2) The methods contemplated in sub-regulation (1) shall also be applied with regard to the propagating material and the re-growth of category 1, 2 and 3 Plants in order to prevent such Plants from forming seed or re-establishing in any manner. (3) The performance of an act of control is not in itself proof that the objects of the control methods have been achieved and follow-up operations are mandatory to achieve the appropriate level of combating. (4) Where uncertainty exists about the presence or efficacy of any biological control agent, a biological control expert shall be consulted. (5) Any action taken to control category 1, 2 and 3 Plants shall be executed with caution and in a manner that will cause the least possible damage to the environment. (Regulation 15 E inserted by GNR.280 of 2001.)

15 F Application of other laws Nothing contained in this regulation shall derogate in any way from any obligation imposed on any land user in term of any other law.

16. Indicators of bush encroachment

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

(1) Indigenous Plants of the kinds specified in column 1 of Table 2 are regarded as indicator Plants indicating bush encroachment in the areas specified in column 2 of the said Table opposite the names of the respective kinds of Plants. (2) A land user of an area in which natural vegetation occurs and that contains communities of indicator Plants shall follow practices to prevent the deterioration of natural resources and to combat bush encroachment where it occurs. (3) One or more of the following practices shall be followed with regard to communities of indicator Plants contemplated in sub-regulation (2) in order to remove the cause of the deterioration of the natural resources and to improve and maintain the production potential of the natural pastoral land: (a) uprooting, felling or cutting; (b) treatment with a weed killer that is registered for use in connection with such Plants in accordance with the directions for the use of such a weed killer; (c) the application of control measures regarding the utilisation and protection of veld in terms of regulation 9; (d) the application of control measures regarding livestock reduction or removal of animals in terms of regulations 10 and 11; (e) any other method or strategy that may be applicable and that is specified by the executive officer by means of a directive. (Regulation 16 substituted by GNR.280 of 2001.)

Table 1: Declared Weeds and Invader Plants (Regulation 15) (GN R. 280) Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Acacia baileyana F. Muell. Bailey’s wattle Invader 3 Acacia cyclops A. Cunn. ex G. Don Rooikrans / Red eye Invader 2 Acacia dealbata Link Silver wattle Invader 2 Acacia decurrens (J.C. Wendl.) Willd. Green wattle Invader 2 Acacia elata A. Cunn. ex Benth. (A. terminalis misapplied in S.A.) Pepper tree wattle Invader 3 Acacia implexa Benth. Screw-pod wattle Weed 1 Acacia longifolia (Andr.) Willd. Long-leaved wattle Weed 1 Acacia mearnsii De Wild. Black wattle Invader 2 Acacia melanoxylon R. Br. Australian blackwood Invader 2 Acacia paradoxa DC.(=A. armata R. Br.) Kangaroo wattle Weed 1 Acacia podalyriifolia A Cunn. Pearl acacia Invader 3 Acacia pycnantha Benth. Golden wattle Weed 1 Acacia saligna (Labill.) H.L. Wendl. Port Jackson willow Weed 1 Achyranthes aspera L Burweed Weed 1 Agave sisalana Perrine Sisal hemp, Sisal Invader 2 Ageratina adenophora (Spreng.) R.M.King & H.Rob. (= Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng.) Crofton weed Weed 1 Ageratina riparia (Regel) R.M.King & H.Rob. (= Eupatorium riparium Regel) Mistflower Weed 1 Ageratum conyzoides L. Invading ageratum Weed 1 Ageratum houstonianum Mill Excluding cultivars Tree-of-heaven Invader 3 Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth Lebbeck Tree Weed 1 Albizia procera (Roxb.) Benth. False lebbeck Weed 1 Alhagi maurorum Medik.(=A. camelorum Fisch.) Camel thorn bush Weed 1 Anredera cordifolia (Tenore) Steen. {A. baselloides (H.B.K.) Baill. Misapplied in South Africa} Madeira vine, Bridal wreath Weed 1 Araujia sericifera Brot. Moth catcher Weed 1 Category 1 - Northern Ardisia crenata Sims (Ardisia crispa misapplied in South Africa) Coralberry tree, Coral bush Weed Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Mpumalanga Yellow-flowered Mexican Argemone mexicana L. Weed 1 poppy Argemone ochroleuca Sweet subsp ochroleuca White flowered Mexican poppy Weed 1 Arundo donax L. Giant reed, Spanish reed Weed 1 Atriplex lindleyi Moq. subsp. inflata Wilson (Muell.) Sponge-fruit saltbush Invader 3 Atriplex nummularia Lindley subsp. Nummularia Old man saltbush Invader 2 CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4

Azolla filiculoides Lam. Azolla, Red water fern Weed 1

Bauhinia purpurea L. Butterfly orchid tree Invader 3 Bauhinia variegata L Orchid Tree Invader 3 Bryophyllum delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz (= B. tubiflorum Harv.; Kalanchoe tubiflora Chandelier plant Weed 1 Raym. – Hamet; K. delagoensis Eckl. & Zeyh.) Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston (= C. sepiaria Roxb.) Mauritius thorn Weed 1 Campuloclinium macrocephalum (Less.) DC. (=Eupatorium macrocephalum Less.) Pom pom weed Weed 1 Canna indica L. Excluding hybrid cultivars Indian Shot Weed 1 Cardiospermum grandiflorum Swartz Balloon vine Weed 1 Only for use as Casuarina cunninghamiana Miq. Beefwood Invader 2 windbreakers, not for dune stabilisation Only for use as Casuarina equisetifolia L. Horsetail tree Invader 2 windbreakers, not for dune stabilisation Cereus jamacaru DC. (C. peruvianus misapplied in S.A) Queen of the Night Weed 1 Cestrum aurantiacum Lindl. Yellow or Orange cestrum Weed 1 Cestrum elegans (Brongn.) Schtdl. (= C. purpureum (Lindl.) Standl.) Crimson cestrum Weed 1 Cestrum laevigatum Schtdl. Inkberry Weed 1 Cestrum parqui L’Hér Chilean cestrum Weed 1 Chromolaena odorata (L.) R.M. King & H. Robinson (=Eupatorium odoratum L.) Triffid weed, Chromolaena Weed 1 Cirsium vulgare (Savi) Ten. (=C. lanceolatum Scop.) Scotch thistle, Spear thistle Weed 1 Field bindweed, Wild morning- Convolvulus arvensis L. Weed 1 glory Cortaderia jubata (Lem.) Stapf Pampas grass Weed 1 Cortaderia selloana (Schult.) Aschers. & Graebn. Pampas grass Weed 1 Cotoneaster franchetii Bois. Cotoneasters Invader 3 Cotoneaster pannosus Franch. Silver-leaf cotoneaster Invader 3 Cuscuta campestris Yunck. Common dodder Weed 1 Cuscuta suaveolens Ser. Lucerne dodder Weed 1 Cytisus monspessulanus L. (=C. candicans (L.)DC., Genista monspessulana (L.) L. Montpellier broom Weed 1

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Johnson) Cytisus scoparius (L.) Link (= Genista scoparia (L.) Lam.) Scotch Broom Weed 1 Datura ferox L. Large thorn apple Weed 1 Datura innoxia Mill. Downy thorn apple Weed 1 Datura stramonium L. Common thorn apple Weed 1 Echinopsis spachiana (Lem.) Fiedr. & Rowley {=Trichocereus spachianus (Lem.) Riccob.} Torch cactus Weed 1 Echium plantagineum L. (= E lycopsis L.) Patterson’s curse Weed 1 Echium vulgare L. Blue echium Weed 1 Egeria densa Planch (= Elodea densa (Planch.) Casp. Dense Water weed Weed 1 Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms-Laub. Water Hyacinth Weed 1 Elodea canadensis Michaux Canadian water weed Weed 1 Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh. Red river gum Invader 2 Eucalyptus cladocalyx F. Muell. Sugar gum Invader 2 Eucalyptus diversicolor F.Muell. Karri Invader 2 Eucalyptus grandis W. Hill ex Maiden (E. saligna Sm. (p.p.)) Saligna gum, Rose gum Invader 2 Category 1 plant in the Western Cape, Category Eucalyptus lehmannii (Schauer) Benth. Spider gum Weed 2 plant in the rest of South Africa Eucalyptus paniculata Sm. Grey ironbark Invader 2 Eucalyptus sideroxylon A. Cunn. ex Woolls Black ironbark, Red ironbark Invader 2 Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Eugenia uniflora L. Pitanga, Surinam cherry Weed Mpumalanga, Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa Gleditsia triacanthos L. Honey locust, Sweet locust Invader 2 Grevillea robusta A.Cunn. ex R.Br. Australian silky oak Invader 3 Hakea drupacea (Gaertn.f) Roemer & Schultes (=H. suaveolens R. Br.) Sweet hakea Weed 1 Hakea gibbosa (Sm.) Cav. Rock hakea Weed 1 Hakea sericea Schrad. Silky hakea Weed 1 Harrisia martinii (Lab.) Britton Moon cactus, Harrisia cactus Weed 1 Hedychium coccineum Sm. Red ginger lily Weed 1 Hedychium coronarium J. König White ginger lily Weed 1

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Hedychium flavescens Roscoe Yellow ginger lily Weed 1 Hedychium gardnerianum Ker Gawl. Kahili ginger lily Weed 1 Hypericum perforatum L. St. John’s wort, Tipton weed Invader 2 Controlled cultivation Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Ipomoea alba L. Moonflower Weed Mpumalanga, Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa Category 1 plant in the Northern Province, KwaZulu-Natal and Ipomoea indica (Burm.f.) Merr. (=I. Congesta R. Br.) Morning glory Invader Mpumalanga, Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth Morning glory Invader 3 Jacaranda mimosifolia D. Don Jacaranda Invader 3 All seed producing species or seed producing hybrids of Lantana that are non-indigenous to Lantana, Tickberry Weed 1 Africa. Pepper-cress, Hoary cardaria, Lepidium draba L. (= Cardaria draba (L.) Desv.) Weed 1 White top Leptospermum laevigatum (Gaertn.) F. Muell. Australian myrtle Weed 1 Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit Leucaena Invader 2

Ligustrum japonicum Thunb. Japanese wax – leaved privet Invader 3 Only for use as rootstock if authorised Ligustrum lucidum Aitom. Chinese wax – leaved privet Invader 3 by the Executive Official in terms of regulation 15B(10) Ligustrum ovalifolium Hassk. Californian privet Invader 3 Ligustrum sinense Lour. Chinese privet Invader 3 Ligustrum vulgare L. Common privet Invader 3 Lilium formosanum A. Wallace (= L. longiflorum Thunb. var. formosanum Baker) (L. St Joseph‟s lily, Trumpet lily, Invader 3 longiflorum has sometimes been misapplied to this species in South Africa) Formosa lily

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B. Robinson (=L. sebifera Pers.) Indian laurel Weed 1 Lythrum salicaria L. Purple loosestrife Weed 1 Macfadyena unguis-cati (L.) A. Gentry Cat’s claw creeper Weed 1 Melia azedarach L. "Syringa", Persian lilac Invader 3

Metrosideros excelsa Soland. Ex. Gaertn. (=M. tomentosa A. Rich.) New Zealand bottle brush Invader 3 Mimosa pigra L. Giant sensitive Plant Weed 1 Only for use as rootstock if authorised White mulberry, Common Morus alba L. Invader 3 by the Executive Official mulberry in terms of regulation 15B(10) Myoporum tenuifolium Forst. F. (M. acuminatum misapplied in S.A.) Manatoka Invader 3 Myriophyllum aquaticum (Vell.) Verdc. Parrot’s feather Weed 1 Myriophyllum spicatum L. Spiked water-milfoil Weed 1 Nassella tenuissima (Trin.) Barkworth (=Stipa tenuissima Trin.) White tussock weed 1 Nassella trichotoma (Nees) Hack. ex Arech. (=Stipa trichotoma Nees) Nassella tussock weed 1 Nephrolepis exaltata (L.) Schott (= Polypodium exaltatum L.) Excluding cultivars Sword Fern Invader 3 Nerium oleander L. Oleander weed 1 Nicotiana glauca R.C. Grah. Wild tobacco weed 1 Opuntia aurantiaca Lindl. Jointed cactus weed 1 Opuntia exaltata Berger Long spine cactus weed 1 Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. Mission /, Sweet prickly pear Weed 1 Opuntia fulgida Engelm. (O. rosea misapplied in South Africa.) Rosea cactus Weed 1 Large flowered prickly pear, Opuntia humifusa (Raf.) Raf. (= O. compressa (Salisb.) (Macbride) Weed 1 Creeping prickly pear Imbricate cactus, Imbricate Opuntia imbricata (Haw.) DC. {=Cylindropuntia imbricata (Haw.) Knuth} Weed 1 prickly pear Small round-leaved prickly Opuntia lindheimeri Engelm. Weed 1 pear Cochineal prickly pear, Opuntia monacantha Haw.(=O vulgaris Mill.) Weed 1 Drooping prickly pear Saucepan cactus, Large Opuntia spinulifera Salm-Dyck Weed 1 roundleaved prickly pear Opuntia stricta (Haw.) Haw. Pest pear of Australia Weed 1

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Lesser broomrape, Clover Orobanche minor Sutton Weed 1 broomrape Paraserianthes lophantha (Willd.) Nielsen (=Albizia lophantha (Willd.) Benth.) Australian Albizia, Stink bean Weed 1 Parthenium hysterophorus L. Parthenium Weed 1 Passiflora coerulea L. Blue passion flower Weed 1 Pennisetum setaceum (Forssk.) Chiov. Fountain grass Weed 1 Pennisetum villosum R. Br. ex Fresen. Feathertop Weed 1 Pereskia aculeata Mill. Barbados gooseberry Weed 1 Phytolacca dioica L Belhambra Invader 3 Pinus canariensis C.Sm. Canary den Invader 2 Pinus elliotti Engelm. Slash pine Invader 2 Pinus halepensis Mill. Aleppo pine Invader 2 Pinus patula Schlechtd. & Cham. Patula pine Invader 2 Pinus pinaster Ait. Cluster pine Invader 2 Pinus radiata D.Don Radiata pine Invader 2 Pinus roxburghii Sarg. (= P. longifolia Roxb.) Chir pine, longifolia pine Invader 2 Pinus taeda L. Loblolly pine Invader 2

Pistia stratiotes L. Water lettuce Weed 1 Australian cheesewood, Sweet Pittosporum undulatum Vent. Weed 1 pittospormum „Abyssinian‟ coleus, Woolly Plectranthus comosus Sims (= Coleus grandis Cramer) Invader 3 plectranthus Pontederia cordata L. Pickerel weed Invader 3 Populus alba L. White poplar Invader 2 Populus x canescens (Aiton) Sm. Grey poplar Invader 2 Prosopis glandulosa Torr. var torreyana (Benson) Johnston and hybrids Honey mesquite Invader 2 Prosopis velutina Wooton and hybrids Velvet mesquite Invader 2 Psidium cattleianum Sabine (= P. littorale Raddi var. longipes (O.Berg) Fosb.) Strawberry guava Invader 3 Psidium guajava L. and hybrids Guava Invader 2 Psidium guineense Swartz Brazilian guava Invader 3 Psidium x durbanensis Baijnath ined. Durban guava Weed 1 Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi Kudzu vine Weed 1 Pyracantha angustifolia (Franch.) C.K. Schneid. Yellow firethorn Invader 3

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Pyracantha crenulata (D. Don) M.J. Roem. Himalayan firethorn Invader 3 Rhus succedanea L. (= Toxicodendron succedaneum (L.) Kuntze Wax Tree Weed 1 Ricinus communis L Castor-oil Plant Invader 2 Rivina humilis L. Rivina, Bloodberry Weed 1 Only for use as rootstock if authorised Robinia pseudoacacia L. Black locust Invader 2 by the Executive Official in terms of regulation 15B(10) Rorippa nasturtium – aquaticum (L.) Hayek (=Nasturtium officinale R. Br.) Watercress Invader 2 Rosa rubiginosa L. (=R. eglanteria L.) Eglantine, Sweetbriar Invader 1 Rubus cuneifolius Pursh. and hybrid R x proteus C.H. Stirt. American bramble Weed 1 Rubus fruticosus L agg. European blackberry Invader 2 Salix babylonica L. Weeping willow Invader 2 Salix fragilis L. Crack or brittle willow Invader 2 Salvinia molesta D. S. Mitchell and other species of the Family Salviniaceae Kariba weed Weed 1 Category 1 in Kwa-Zulu Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Brazilian pepper tree Invader Natal, Category 3 in the

rest of South Africa Senna bicapsularis (L.) Roxb. (= Cassia bicapsularis L.) Rambling cassia Invader 3 Senna didymobotrya (Fresen.) Irwin & Barneby (= Cassia didymobotrya Fresen.) Peanut butter cassia Invader 3 Sesbania punicea (Cav.) Benth. Red sesbania Weed 1 Solanum elaeagnifolium Cav. Silver-leaf bitter apple Weed 1 Solanum mauritianum Scop. Bugweed Weed 1 Solanum seaforthianum Andr. Potato creeper Weed 1 Wild tomato, Dense-thorned Solanum sisymbrifolium Lam. Weed 1 bitter apple Sorghum halepense (L.) Pers. Johnson grass, Aleppo grass Invader 2 Spartium junceum L. Spanish broom Weed 1 Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels Jambolan Invader 3 Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston Rose Apple Invader 3

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Type Category Special conditions Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Category 1 - Northern, Western, Eastern Cape, Tamarix ramosissima Ledeb. Pink tamarisk Weed Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa Category 1 - Northern, Western, Eastern Cape, Tamarix chinenis Lour. Chinese tamarisk Weed Category 3 plant in the rest of South Africa Tecoma stans (L.) H.B.K. Yellow bells Weed 1 Category 1 - KwaZulu- Thelechitonia trilobata (L.) H.Rob. & Cuatrec. Singapore daisy Weed Natal, Category 3 in the rest of South Africa Thevetia peruviana (Pers.) K.Schum. (= T. neriifolia A.Juss. ex Steud.) Yellow Oleander Weed 1 Tipuana tipu (Benth.) Kuntze Tipu tree Invader 3 Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray Mexican sunflower Weed 1 Tithonia rotundifolia (Mill.) S.F. Blake Red sunflower Weed 1 Toona ciliata M.J. Roem. (=Cedrela toona Roxb. ex Rottl. & Willd.) Toon tree Invader 3 Triplaris americana L. Triplaris, Ant Tree Weed 1 Ulex europaeus L. European gorse Weed 1 Xanthium spinosum L. Spiny cocklebur Weed 1 Xanthium strumarium L. Large cocklebur Weed 1

Table 2: Declared Indicators of Bush Encroachment (Regulation 16) (GN R. 280)

Kind of Plant Application area Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Acacia ataxacantha DC. Flame Thorn Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape, Northern Province Acacia borleae Burtt Davy Sticky thorn KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga Acacia caffra (Thunb.) Willd. Haakdoring, Wag-’n-bietjie /Common hookthorn Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape,Northern Province Acacia erubescens Welw. ex Oliv. Blue thorn Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, North-West Acacia exuvialis I.Verd. Flaky thorn Mpumalanga, Northern Province Acacia fleckii Schinz Plate thorn Northern Province, North-West Acacia grandicornuta Gerstner Horned thorn KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province Acacia hebeclada DC. subsp. Hebeclada Candle thorn Gauteng, North-West, Northern Province, Free State Acacia karroo Hayne Sweet thorn, Karoo thorn Republic Acacia luederitzii Engl. var. luederitzii False umbrella thorn Northern Cape, North-West Acacia luederitzii Engl. var. retinens (Sim) J.H.Ross & Brenan Belly thorn KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, NorthWest Acacia mellifera (Vahl) Benth. subsp. Detinens (Burch.) Black thorn Gauteng, Northern Cape, Northern Province, North-West Brenan Acacia nigrescens Oliver Knob-thorn KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, NorthWest Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Del. subsp. Kraussiana (Benth.) Scented thorn, Redheart Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, NorthernProvince, North-West, Brenan Acacia permixta Burtt Davy Slender thorn Noordelike Provinsie / Northern Province Acacia senegal (L.) Willd. var. rostrate Brenan Three-hook thorn,Three-thorned Acacia KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province Acacia sieberiana DC. var. woodii (Burtt Davy) Keay & Brenan Paperbark thorn KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province Acacia tenuispina I.Verd Fyndoring Gauteng, Northern Province, North-West Acacia tortilis (Forssk.) Hayne subsp. Heteracantha (Burch.) Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, Northern Province, Umbrella thorn, Curly pod Acacia Brenan North-West, Free State Asparagus spp. Wild asparagus Northern Province Azima tetracantha Lam. Needle bush KwaZulu – Natal, Mpumalanga, Eastern Cape, Northern Province Mpumalanga, Noordelike Provinsie / Northern Province Noordwes / North- Colophospermum mopane (Kirk ex Benth.) Kirk ex J. Léonard Mopane West Combretum apiculatum Sond. Subsp. Apiculatum Red bush willow Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, North-West Commiphora pyracanthoides Engl. Cork tree, Common corkwood Northern Cape CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Kind of Plant Application area Botanical name Common name Column 1 Column 2 Dichrostachys cinerea (L.) Wight & Arn.subsp. africana Brenan Sickle bush Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, North-West & Brummitt Diospyros lycioides Desf. Blue Bush KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, NorthWest Dodonaea angustifolia L.f. (= Dodonea viscosa Sand olive Northern Province, North-West Jacq._var._angustifolia Benth) Euclea crispa (Thunb.) Guerke subsp. crispa Blue guarri Republic Euclea divinorum Hiern Magic guarri Kwazulu – Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Province Euclea undulata Thunb. Common guarri Republic Grewia bicolor Juss. Bastard raisin bush Mpumalanga, Northern Cape, North-West Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape,North-West, Northern Grewia flava DC. Wild raisin, Velvet raisin Province Grewia flavescens Juss. Rough leaved raisin, Sandpaper raisin Mpumalanga, Northern Province, North-West Leucosidea sericea Eckl. & Zeyh. Oldwood Republiek / Republic Lopholaena coriifolia (Sond.) Phill. & C.A. Sm Lopholaena Gauteng, Mpumalanga, Northern Province, North-West Maytenus polyacantha (Sond.) Marais Kraaldoring Northern Province Maytenus senegalensis (Lam.) Exell Red spikethorn KwaZulu-Natal Rhigozum trichotomum Burch. Three–thorn rhigozum Northern Cape Stoebe vulgaris Levyns Bankrupt bush North West, Free State Strychnos madagascariensis Poir. Black monkey orange KwaZulu-Natal Mpumalanga, Northern Province, NorthWest Tarchonanthus camphoratus L. Camphor bush, Sagewood Northern Cape, North West Gauteng, KwaZulu-Natal, Mpumalanga, Northern Cape,North-West, Northern Terminalia sericea Burch. ex DC. Silver cluster leaf, Silver Terminalia Province

Appendix B: Protected Trees and TOPS

Appendix F1: Protected Trees The following presents the List of protected trees published on 23 December 2016 in the Notice of the List of Protected Tree Species under the National Forest Act 1998 (Act No. 84 of 1998)

Botanical Name Common English Name Vachellia erioloba Camel Thorn Vachellia haematoxylon Grey Camel Thorn Adansonia digitata Baobab Afzelia quanzensis Pod Mahogany Balanites [maughamii] Torchwood Barringtonia racemosa Powder-puff Tree Boscia albitrunca Shepherd’s Tree Brachystegia spiciformis Msasa Breonadia salicina Matumi Bruguiera gymnorrhiza Black Mangrove Cassipourea swaziensis Swazi Onionwood Catha edulis Bushman’s Tea Ceriops tagal Indian Mangrove Cleistanthus schlechteri [schlechteri] False Tamboti Colubrina nicholsonii Pondo Weeping Thorn Combretum imberbe Leadwood Curtisia dentata Assegai Elaeodendron transvaalensis Bushveld Saffron Erythrophysa transvaalensis Bushveld Red Balloon Euclea pseudebenus Ebony Guarri Ficus trichopoda Swamp Fig Leucadendron argenteum Silver Tree Lumnitzera racemosa [racemosa] Tonga Mangrove Lydenburgia abbottii Pondo Bushman’s Tea Lydenburgia cassinoides Sekhukhuni Bushman’s Tea Mimusops caffra Coastal Red Milkwood Newtonia hildebrandtii [ hildebrandtii] Lebombo Wattle Ocotea bullata Stinkwood Ozoroa namaquensis Gariep Resin Tree Philenoptera violacea Apple-leaf Pittosporum viridiflorum Cheesewood Podocarpus elongatus Breede River Yellowwood Podocarpus falcatus Outeniqua Yellowwood Podocarpus henkelii Henkel’s Yellowwood Podocarpus latifolius Real Yellowwood Protea comptonii Saddleback Protea curvata Serpentine Sugarbush Prunus africana Red Stinkwood Pterocarpus angolensis Wild Teak Rhizophora mucronata Red Mangrove Sclerocarya birrea [caffra] Marula Securidaca longepedunculata Violet Tree Sideroxylon inerme [ inerme] White Milkwood Tephrosia pondoensis Pondo Poison Pea Warburgia salutaris Pepper-bark Tree Widdringtonia cedarbergensis Clanwilliam Cedar Widdringtonia schwarzii Willowmore Cedar

Appendix F2: Threatened and Protected Species The following presents the List of TOPS (in terms of Biodiversity Act 10 of 2004).

CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit

Appendix C: Environmental Incident Log and Complaint Form

Environmental Incident Log and Complaint Form Notes- Include an explanation if possible for the condition / incident and persons Date Environmental Incident Corrective Action Taken Signature responsible. Include photographic records and other material

Complaint Form File No Complaint Record Sheet Date Reference

Complaint Lodged By:

Capacity of Complainant

Complaint Logged by

Details of Complaint:

Proposed Remedial Action

Notes by ECO / Auditor

ECO Date Auditor Date

Operational Manager Date

This document remains the property of CEN Integrated Environmental Management Unit, subject to its use by the client for the particular project to which this appointment relates.

Document Printed February 2020