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Analec Ta Ta Analecta Ta Ta Ta TA TA ANALEC ANALEC ANALECANALECANALECTA TATA ANALECTA ANALECTA Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego Uniwersytetu Wydawnictwo ANALECTA ANALECTA Volume 145 WYDAWNICTWO UNIWERSYTETU RZESZOWSKIEGO Editors MARTA POŁTOWICZ-BOBAK [email protected] ANDRZEJ ROZWAŁKA [email protected] Editorial cooperation SŁAWOMIR KADROW [email protected] Editorial Secretary MAGDALENA RZUCEK [email protected] Editorial Council SYLWESTER CZOPEK (Rzeszów), EDUARD DROBERJAR (Olomouc), MICHAŁ PARCZEWSKI (Rzeszów), ALEKSANDR SYTNIK (Lviv), ALEXANDRA KRENN-LEEB (Vienna) Proofreading AEDDAN SHAW Volume reviewers JUSTYNA BARON (Wrocław), TOMASZ BOCHNAK (Rzeszów), JACEK CHACHAJ (Lublin), MIROSŁAW FURMANEK (Wrocław), TOMASZ GRALAK (Wrocław), ELŻBIETA JASKULSKA (Warszawa), JUSTYNA KOLENDA (Wrocław), ANNA MARCINIAK-KAZJER (Łódź), MAŁGORZATA MARKIEWICZ (Wrocław), SŁAWOMIR MOŹDZIOCH (Wrocław), MAREK NOWAK (Kraków), TOMASZ PŁONKA (Wrocław), KATARZYNA PYŻEWICZ (Poznań), IWONA SOBKOWIAK-TABAKA (Poznań), MAGDALENA SUDOŁ-PROCYK (Toruń), MARCIN SZELIGA (Lublin), MICHAŁ WASILEWSKI (Kraków), JAROSŁAW WILCZYŃSKI (Kraków), RAFAŁ ZAPŁATA (Warszawa) Abstracts of articles from Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia are published in the Central European Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia is regulary listed in CEJSH and Copernicus Technical editor EWA KUC Graphic design, typesetting PIOTR KOCZĄB Cover design JULIA SOŃSKA-LAMPART © Copyright by the Authors and The University of Rzeszów Publishing House Rzeszów 2020 Our journal has qualified for the „Support for scientific journals” programme. ISSN 2084-4409 DOI:10.15584/anarres 1786 Editor’s Address INSTITUTE OF ARCHAEOLOGY THE UNIVERSITY OF RZESZÓW RZESZÓW ARCHEOLOGICAL RZESZÓW UNIVERSITY PUBLISHING HOUSE CENTRE FUND ul. Moniuszki 10, 35-015 Rzeszów, Poland ul. prof. S. Pigonia 6, 35-959 Rzeszów, Poland ul. Moniuszki 10, 35-015 Rzeszów, Poland e-mail: [email protected] tel. 17 872 13 69, tel./fax 17 872 14 26 email: [email protected] Home page: www.archeologia.rzeszow.pl Home page: http://wydawnictwo.ur.edu.pl Home page: www.froa.pl/ First edition, A4 format, 21,70 publishing sheets, 24,25 printing sheets, order no. 126/2020 Printed and binded: The University of Rzeszów Printing House Volume 15 / Rzeszów 2020 ANALECTA ISSN 2084-4409 DOI: 10.15584/anarres ANALECTA Contents Bogumiła Wolska Applying isotope analyses of cremated human bones in archaeological research – a review .................................. 7 Joanna Trąbska Graphite in an archaeological context comparing to other black substances – research problems and prospects 17 Zdeňka Nerudová, Jan Novák The influence of redeposition on the anthracological records from the Moravian Karst caves (Czech Republic, Central Europe) .................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Andrzej Pelisiak, Małgorzata Rybicka The Mesolithic settlement and economy in the Lake Gościąż area ............................................................................. 45 Wojciech Pasterkiewicz The first radiocarbon dates for the Globular Amphora culture cemetery in Sadowie in the Sandomierz Upland 53 Paweł Jarosz, Tomasz Boroń, Barbara Witkowska, Małgorzata Winiarska-Kabacińska, Zuzanna Różańska-Tuta, Grzegorz Skrzyński, Marta Osypińska, Katarzyna Kerneder-Gubała, Anita Szczepanek, Anna Sołodko, Piotr Włodarczak The early Bronze Age feature from Wilczyce, site 10, Sandomierz district – An interpretation of its functioning in light of multidimensional analysis ............................................................................................................................... 77 Marcin M. Przybyła New finds of antler cheekpieces and horse burials from the Trzciniec Culture in the territory of western Little Poland ................................................................................................................................................................................... 103 Paweł Kocańda, Michał Pisz, Bernadetta Rajchel, Michał Filipowicz The Castle Hill in Biecz and fortified stronghold in Kobylanka. The results of interdisciplinary research from 2019 ............................................................................................................................................................................ 139 Rafał Niedźwiadek, Andrzej Rozwałka The stronghold on Kirkut Hill in Lublin. The state of recognition of the remains of the former stronghold and its role in the medieval Lublin agglomeration ................................................................................................................ 165 Marek Florek, Andrzej Kokowski Archaeology in a scrapyard, or how a monument ceases to be a monument ............................................................. 187 Volume 15 / Rzeszów 2020 ANALECTA ISSN 2084-4409 DOI: 10.15584/anarres ANALECTA Bogumiła Wolska DOI: 10.15584/anarres.2020.15.1 Institute of Archaeology and Ethnology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Al. Solidarności 105, 00-140 Warszawa; ORCID: 0000-0001-8607-557X Applying isotope analyses of cremated human bones in archaeological research – a review Abstract Wolska B. 2020. Applying isotope analyses of cremated human bones in archaeological research – a review. Analecta Archaeologica Ressoviensia 15, 7–16 Numerous experiments have recently been conducted on burnt bones in order to develop methods of isotope analysis which would be useful in archaeological research. Since the results of these studies are not yet widely known, this review presents their potential applications in investigations of human remains from cremation burials. Radiocarbon dating of burnt osteological materials is discussed, including problems related to the “old wood effect”. Also considered is the ana- lysis of light stable isotopes, i.e. δ13C, δ15N and δ18O, which is unsuitable for palaeodietary determinations, but useful as a source of information about certain parameters of funeral pyres. Tracing geographical origins and human mobility is possible by means of the analysis of strontium isotope ratio 87Sr/86Sr. Since an understanding of high-temperature-indu- ced transformations of bone structure and chemical composition is important for these considerations, a detailed account of the processes is given as an introduction. Key words: isotopes, cremated human bones, radiocarbon dating, funerary practices, migration Received: 30.06.2020; Revised: 16.11.2020; Accepted: 29.11.2020 1. Introduction tool in archaeology, and one which has also aroused interest among the Polish scientific community (e.g. The application of isotope analyses in archaeo- Belka et al. 2018; Szczepanek et al. 2018; Wadyl (ed.) logical research is a landmark achievement of the 2019; Linderholm et al. 2020). cooperation between the humanities and the natural The headway of isotope analyses of unburnt hu- sciences. This remark is easily justified by pointing man skeletal remains attracted the attention of scholars out the significance of δ14C radiocarbon determina- concerned with those periods, when cremation was the tions, which have remained the first-choice method common funerary rite. The first and foremost question of absolute dating for over 70 years. Furthermore, the was the following: are these analyses equally valuable analyses of δ13C and δ15N isotopes are currently widely in the study of osteological material from cremation used in studies of dietary preferences of past popula- burials? It is known that the process of burning causes tions. Another success was the development of proto- fragmentation, warping and the shrinkage of bones, all cols for measuring the ratio of strontium isotopes 87Sr of which reduces the pool of data about the deceased. and 86Sr, which allows the detection of geographical However, it was noted that the high degree of fragmen- origins and for the possible migrations of selected in- tation of burnt remains may not necessarily result from dividuals to be traced. The ability to provide answers cremation itself, but instead be the effect of mortuary to such basic questions as to when, who, what, where- rituals, post-depositional processes and the explora- from and where-to, was the primary drive which led tion of urn vessels (Harvig et al. 2012; Harvig 2015, to isotope analyses becoming a valued investigative 44, fig. 3.1). In general, it was observed that cremated 7 Bogumiła Wolska remains may provide more information than poorly- Bioapatite is a crystal form of calcium hydroxy- preserved skeletal material from inhumation graves phosphate, which strongly reassembles the naturally (Williams 2015, 259–261; cf. Thompson 2015a, 1–3). occurring mineral hydroxyapatite (Ca5(PO4)3(Cl/F/ Recent decades have also brought progress in research OH)2). However, in contrast to the latter, it is more on possible burning-related alterations of the chemi- susceptible to non-stoichiometric transformations of cal composition of bones (Snoeck 2014, 11–26). As chemical compounds, which enables the incorpora- a result, burnt osteological material became a valuable tion of ions present in the blood into the structure of source of physico-chemical knowledge to be used in bioapatite (Figure 1). Essential in this respect are the 2- archaeology and forensic science (Harbeck et al. 2011; carbonate ions (CO3 ), which substitute nearly all of Schmidt and Symes (eds.) 2015; Ubelaker 2009; 2015; the hydroxyl groups (OH-) and part
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