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Immigration and Integration 2018-2019

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Immigration and Integration 2018-2019 Immigration and Integration 2018-2019 IMO Report for Norway to the OECD Norwegian Ministries Prepared by Espen Thorud Member of the OECD Expert Group on Migration for Norway With substantial contributions from and in close collaboration with colleagues from the following Norwegian ministries: Ministry of Education and Research Ministry of Justice and Public Security Ministry of Labour and Social Affairs Ministry of Children and Families Ministry of Culture Ministry of Foreign Affairs With statistics from Statistics Norway: Statistics on population, employment, education etc. The Norwegian Directorate of Immigration: Statistics on permits etc. Acknowledgement The Norwegian Directorate of Education and the Norwegian Directorate of Integration and Diversity have also provided input. Photo: Delpixart/iStock 2 Table of contents 1 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................................................ 6 2 MIGRATION – GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS ....................................................................................... 9 2.1 Legislation and policy ............................................................................................................... 9 2.2 Migration ................................................................................................................................ 10 2.3 Immigration according to entry categories ............................................................................ 12 3 FAMILY IMMIGRATION..................................................................................................................... 16 3.1 Legislation and policy ............................................................................................................. 16 3.2 Permits and EU/EFTA-registrations – family migrants ......................................................... 17 4 LABOUR MIGRATION ....................................................................................................................... 18 4.1 Legislation and policy ............................................................................................................. 18 4.2 Labour immigrants ................................................................................................................. 19 4.3 Labour migrants and service providers on short-term stay .................................................... 21 5 MIGRATION FOR EDUCATION AND TRAINING ................................................................................... 23 5.1 Legislation and policy ............................................................................................................. 23 5.2 Permits and EU/EFTA-registrations – education ................................................................... 23 6 ASYLUM SEEKERS AND REFUGEES ................................................................................................... 26 6.1 Legislation and policy ............................................................................................................. 26 6.2 Asylum applications ................................................................................................................ 27 6.3 Asylum decisions ..................................................................................................................... 28 6.4 Resettlement of refugees ......................................................................................................... 30 6.5 Settlement of refugees in municipalities ................................................................................. 31 7 IRREGULAR MIGRATION AND RETURN ............................................................................................. 34 7.1 Legislation and policy ............................................................................................................. 34 7.2 Facts and figures .................................................................................................................... 35 8 FOREIGNERS, IMMIGRANTS AND NORWEGIAN-BORN WITH IMMIGRANT PARENTS ........................... 37 8.1 Population growth .................................................................................................................. 37 8.2 Foreign citizens ...................................................................................................................... 37 8.3 Immigrants and Norwegian-born with immigrant parents ..................................................... 38 8.4 Marriage and divorce ............................................................................................................. 41 9 INTEGRATION POLICY ...................................................................................................................... 42 9.1 General policy principles ....................................................................................................... 42 9.2 Strategies and Action Plans .................................................................................................... 42 9.3 Voluntary activities ................................................................................................................. 44 9.4 The role of cultural policy ...................................................................................................... 45 9.5 Living conditions and health................................................................................................... 45 10 TRAINING AND SKILLS ................................................................................................................... 48 10.1 Basic qualifications .............................................................................................................. 48 10.2 Recognition of the skills of immigrants ................................................................................. 51 11 EDUCATION ................................................................................................................................... 53 11.1 Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC)..................................................................... 53 11.2 Primary and secondary education ........................................................................................ 56 11.3 Adult education ..................................................................................................................... 64 11.4 Higher education .................................................................................................................. 65 12 THE LABOUR MARKET ................................................................................................................... 68 12.1 Labour Market and Social Policies ...................................................................................... 68 12.2 Working-life and wages ........................................................................................................ 68 12.3 Employment .......................................................................................................................... 70 12.4 Unemployment ...................................................................................................................... 74 13 POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN ELECTIONS ...................................................................................... 76 13.1 Legislation and policy ........................................................................................................... 76 13.2 Local elections ...................................................................................................................... 76 13.3 National elections ................................................................................................................. 78 14 CHILD WELFARE SERVICES ........................................................................................................... 80 14.1 Legislation and policy ........................................................................................................... 80 14.2 Facts and figures .................................................................................................................. 81 15 EQUALITY AND DISCRIMINATION .................................................................................................. 82 16 CITIZENSHIP AND NATURALISATION ............................................................................................. 84 16.1 Policy and legislation ........................................................................................................... 84 16.2 Naturalisations ..................................................................................................................... 85 3 16.3 Naturalisation ceremonies .................................................................................................... 86 17 PUBLIC DEBATE AND OPINION ....................................................................................................... 87 17.1 Public debate ........................................................................................................................ 87 17.2 Public opinion ....................................................................................................................... 87 18 MIGRATION AND DEVELOPMENT ................................................................................................... 89 19 INFORMATION AND PUBLICATIONS ...............................................................................................
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