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Telecommunications Regulation Handbook

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Telecommunications Regulation Handbook Telecommunications Regulation Handbook Appendices edited by Hank Intven Telecommunications Regulation Handbook Summary of Contents Note: Detailed Tables of Contents appear at the beginning of each Module Module 1 Overview of Telecommunications Regulation 1-1 Module 2 Licensing Telecommunications Services 2-1 Module 3 Interconnection 3-1 Module 4 Price Regulation 4-1 Module 5Competition Policy 5-1 Module 6 Universal Service 6-1 Appendices A WTO Regulation Reference Paper A-1 B The Economics of Telecommunications Prices and Costs B-1 C Glossary C-1 D Selected Sources D-1 © 2000 The World Bank 1818 H Street, Washington, DC 20433, USA The World Bank enjoys copyright under Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. This material may nonetheless be copied for research, educational, or scholarly purposes only in the member countries of the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this document are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or the members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. The modules of this book are distributed on the understanding that if legal or other expert assistance is required in any particular case, readers should not rely on statements made in this book, but should seek the services of a competent professional. Neither McCarthy Tétrault nor The World Bank accepts responsibility for the consequences of actions taken by readers who do not seek necessary advice from competent professionals, on legal or other matters that require expert advice. First printing November 2000 ISBN 0-9697178-7-3 Table of Contents Appendix A WTO Regulation Reference Paper A-1 Appendix B The Economics of Telecommunications Prices and Costs B-1 Appendix C Glossary C-1 Appendix D Selected Sources D-1 Telecommunications Regulation Handbook Principal authors: Hank Intven Jeremy Oliver Edgardo Sepúlveda Funding for the preparation of this Handbook was provided by the infoDev Program of The World Bank Additional funding was provided by Telecommunications Lawyers and Consultants www.mccarthy.ca The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and assistance provided in the preparation of this Handbook by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) The modules of this Handbook are available electronically at www.infodev.org/projects/314regulationhandbook APPENDIX A – WTO REGULATION REFERENCE PAPER Annex to the Fourth Protocol to the GATS Agreement, the “Agreement on Basic Telecommunications” negotiated under the auspices of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in February 1997, which came into effect on 1 January 1998. This Reference Paper forms part of the commitments of most of the original 69 signatories to the Agreement on Basic Telecommunications. Several signatories committed to somewhat different wording. Others have subsequently committed to implement the regulatory framework set out in the Reference Paper. REFERENCE PAPER Scope The following are definitions and principles on the regulatory framework for the basic telecommunications services. Definitions Users mean service consumers and service suppliers. Essential facilities mean facilities of a public telecommunications transport network or service that: (a) are exclusively or predominantly provided by a single or limited number of suppliers; and (b) cannot feasibly be economically or technically substituted in order to provide a service. A major supplier is a supplier which has the ability to materially affect the terms of participation (having regard to price and supply) in the relevant market for basic telecommunications services as a result of: (a) control over essential facilities; or (b) user of its position in the market. 1. Competitive safeguards 1.1 Prevention of anti-competitive practices in telecommunications Appropriate measures shall be maintained for the purpose of preventing suppliers who, alone or together, are a major supplier from engaging in or continuing anti-competitive practices. 1.2 Safeguards The anti-competitive practices referred to above shall include in particular: (a) engaging in anti-competitive cross-subsidization; A - 1 Telecommunications Regulation Handbook (b) using information obtained from competitors with anti-competitive results; and (c) not making available to other services suppliers on a timely basis technical information about essential facilities and commercially relevant information which are necessary for them to provide services. 2 Interconnection 2.1 This section applies to linking with suppliers providing public telecommunications transport networks or services in order to allow the users of one supplier to communicate with users of another supplier and to access services provided by another supplier, where specific commitments are undertaken. 2.2 Interconnection to Be Ensured Interconnection with a major supplier will be ensured at any technically feasible point in the network. Such interconnection is provided. (a) under non-discriminatory terms, conditions (including technical standards and specifications) and rates and of a quality no less favourable than that provided for its own like services or for like services of non-affiliated service suppliers or for its subsidiaries or other affiliates; (b) in a timely fashion on terms, conditions (including technical standards and specifications) and cost-oriented rates that are transparent, reasonable, having regard to economic feasibility, and sufficiently unbundled so that the supplier need not pay for network components or facilities that it does not require for the service to be provided; and (c) upon request, at points in addition to the network termination points offered to the majority of users, subject to charges that reflect the cost of construction of necessary additional facilities. 2.3 Public Availability of the Procedures for Interconnection Negotiations The procedures applicable for interconnection to a major supplier will be made publicly available. 2.4 Transparency of Interconnection Arrangements It is ensured that a major supplier will make publicly available either its interconnection agreements or a reference interconnection offer. 2.5 Interconnection: Dispute Settlement A service supplier requesting interconnection with a major supplier will have recourse, either: (a) at any time or (b) after a reasonable period of time which has been made publicly known to an independent domestic body, which may be a regulatory body as referred to in paragraph 5 below, to resolve disputes regarding appropriate terms, conditions and A - 2 Appendix A rates for Interconnection within a reasonable period of time, to the extent that these A Appendix have not been established previously. 3Universal Service Any Member has the right to define the kind of universal service obligation it wishes to maintain. Such obligations will not be regarded as anti-competitive per se, provided they are administered in a transparent, non-discriminatory and competitively neutral manner and are not more burdensome than necessary for the kind of universal service defined by the Member. 4 Public Availability of Licensing Criteria Where a licence is required, the following will be made publicly available: (a) all the licensing criteria and the period of time normally required to reach a decision concerning an application for a licence; and (b) the terms and conditions of individual licences. The reasons for the denial of a licence will be made known to the applicant upon request. 5 Independent Regulators The regulatory body is separate from, and not accountable to, any supplier of basic telecommunications services. The decisions of and the procedures used by regulators shall be impartial with respect to all market participants. 6 Allocation and Use of Scarce Resources Any procedures for the allocation and use of scarce resources, including frequencies, numbers and rights of way, will be carried out in an objective, timely, transparent and non-discriminatory manner. The current state of allocated frequency bands will be made publicly available, but detailed identification of frequencies allocated for specific government uses is not required. A - 3 APPENDIX B – THE ECONOMICS OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS PRICES AND COST Table of Contents 1.1 The Economic Rationale for Price Regulation 1 1.1.1 Benefits of Competition 1 1.1.2 When Markets Fail 3 1.1.2.1 Economies of Scale 3 1.1.2.2 Economies of Scope 4 1.1.3 The Monopoly Problem 5 1.1.4 Regulated Monopoly 5 1.1.5 Public Enterprise 5 1.2 Monopoly Pricing 5 1.2.1 Single Product Monopoly 5 1.2.2 Ramsey Pricing 6 1.2.3 Regulation under Increasing Competition 8 1.3 Elasticity of Demand 9 1.3.1 Survey of Elasticity Estimates 9 1.4 Telecommunications Costs 10 1.4.1 Costing Perspectives 10 1.4.2 Costing Terms and Concepts 10 1.4.3 Costing Methods 10 1.4.3.1 Costing Method Comparison 12 1.4.3.2 Historical Cost Approaches 13 1.4.3.3 Forward-Looking Cost Approaches 14 1.4.4 Interconnection Costing Example 15 1.4.4.1 Determining the Size of the Increment 16 1.4.4.2 LRIC Approach 17 1.4.4.3 TSLRIC/LRAIC Approaches 17 1.4.4.4 Allocation of Joint and Shared Costs: Mark-ups 17 1.4.4.5 Structure of Interconnection Prices 18 B - i List of Boxes, Figures and Tables List of Boxes Box B-1: Price and Income Elasticities of Demand 8 Box B-2: Application of Industrialized Country Elasticity Estaimtes to Less Developed Markets 9 Box B-3: Three Principal Costing Perspectives 11 Box B-4: Principal Costing Terms and Concepts (in alphabetical order) 12 List
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