Spring 2004 Significant

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U U n i v e r s i t y o f Massachusetts A m h e r s t A 3 M 6 H 18 E RS T • Spring 2004 Significant

Newsletter of the Department of Computer Science BITS FACULTY Multi-agent vehicle tracking system David Kulp joins faculty chosen for demonstration page 3 major research focus of the Multi-Agent Systems Laboratory (MAS) over the last IN MEMORIAM four years has been the development of an adaptive distributed sensor network of low-cost A radar sensors for vehicle tracking as part of the DARPA Autonomous Negotiating Teams Robin Popplestone, (ANTs) program. The UMass team was one of two teams chosen out of the original five teams to demonstrate their system at the end of the program. “This sensor network application was Emeritus Professor extremely interesting and challenging because of its requirement to make effective coordination page 5 and resource allocation decisions in soft real-time and in low-communication-bandwidth envi- ronments, while dealing with issues of scale,” said Professor Victor Lesser, Director of MAS. “It Ronnie Boss, Grant also provided an opportunity to verify the practical applicability of some of the technology that Administrator the MAS lab has been developing over the last 10 years to real-world problems.” page 5 The sensor platform in the ANTs program provides 360-degree range from three, 120-degree scanning radars – only one of these radars can be active at a time (see Figure 1, top left). The CENTERS sensor communicates using a low-speed, unreliable, simplex, radio-frequency (RF) system over eight separate channels. Each sensor platform is capable of locally hosting one or more processes. CCBIT supports According to Lesser, the goal of this application is to track one or more targets that are moving through the environment: in this case, model railroad trains traveling on railroad tracks along course redesign an unknown course (see Figure 1: top right). continued on page 2 project page 9 Berger ALUMNI receives NSF Researcher focus on Tuomas Sandholm CAREER alum matters page 6 award Debra Richardson ssistant Profes- appointed UCI sor Emery Berger Aof the Department Dean of Computer Science has alum matters page 8 received a National Sci- ence Foundation (NSF) CAREER award for 2004. The Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Program offers the NSF’s most prestigious awards for Figure 1: Sensor Network. Top left: radar unit with three new faculty members. sensing heads. Top right: vehicle being tracked. Bottom: an continued on page 4 example configuration with 35 sensors and 3 vehicles. 2 ◆ Significant Bits, Spring 2004

RESEARCH

Multi-agent ...... (from page 1) No one sensor has the ability to determine the precise location of a target by itself, so the sensors must cooperate in a manner that permits their measurements to be used for triangulation (see Figure 2). “The need to triangulate a target’s position requires Figure 2: frequent, closely coordinated actions amongst the agents, ide- Shows a vehicle ally three or more sensors performing their measurements at the track in square same time,” said Lesser. With resource limitations on computing dots and the and communication, the sensor network must employ a strat- radar lobes egy to optimize tracking accuracy, minimize the time between produced by the triangulation measurements, and maximize the number of tri- four different angulated positions. Exhaustive planning and scheduling is not radars sensing the vehicle independently. The intersection of possible in such an environment, yet sensors must coordinate the lobes provides an estimation of the location of the vehicle. tracking responsibilities and balance the trade-off between dis- covering new targets and tracking existing ones.

The Lab’s solution is built upon a soft, real-time agent ar- Sector Sector chitecture, developed as part of the project, called SRTA. SRTA Manager Manager provides a robust planning, scheduling, and execution subsystem capable of quantitatively reasoning over deadlines and resource constraints. Such a system allows the agent’s higher-level rea- >

Results soning components to operate on course-grain goals, without < Scan Tasks sacrificing fine-grained control and reactivity. Sensor Sensor Built upon this agent architecture is a virtual agent organi- Sensor T Sensor Sensor zation based on geographically partitioned sectors, each with Sensor T Sensor its own local sector manager (see Figure 3). Among the sector Sensor Sensor manager’s responsibilities is the dissemination of a scan schedule > to each of the sensors in its sector. When a new target is detected, >

< Results the sector manager delegates responsibility to a track manager. Track Tasks Track Information This delegation process uses an abstract view of sector activity < Sensor Information to make a choice that load balances processor and communica- Track SPAM Negotiation Track tion requirements. Manager Manager The track manager must estimate the target trajectory by merging the measurements from multiple sensors and negotiating Figure 3: Organization structure of sensor network control commitments for data collection. The SRTA will attempt to sat- isfy the possibly conflicting responsibilities of scan schedule and MAS Lab’s approach, called SPAM (The Scalable Protocol for data collection tasks. Conflicts can be detected and potentially Anytime Multi-level negotiation), is a real-time, distributed, resolved through negotiation with agents to find an equitable mediation-based negotiation protocol. Mediation-based means long-term solution. “As data is gathered, it is fused and inter- that each agent may act as a mediator to resolve resource con- preted to estimate the target’s location, which allows the process flicts. As a mediator, an agent gains a localized, partial view of to continue,” said Lesser. “We call this a virtual agent organiza- the global allocation of resources. This allows the mediator to tion since a particular sensor/processor node may be multiplexing identify over-constrained sub-problems and suggest resolution among different roles, e.g. sector manager and data collection. strategies. Typically, the agents rapidly converge on solutions The SRTA architecture provides an abstraction for all of these that are in most cases good enough and fast enough. Overall, scheduling activities based on role, priority and deadline.” The SPAM has many characteristics in common with distributed movement of one or more targets through the environment fur- breakout, particularly its distributed hill-climbing nature and ther complicates scheduling. Different radar and different agents the ability to exploit parallelism by having multiple negotiations will contribute to tracking at different times. Resource contention occur simultaneously. is introduced when more than one target enters the viewable “The use of a sophisticated agent architecture (that includes range of the same sensor platform. These fine-grain resource capabilities for planning and scheduling) and distributed re- allocation processes are intimately tied with the course-grain source allocation mechanisms for short-term agent control and task of merging of information to estimate target trajectories. resource allocation, together with an organization structure for Thus, a successful system will dynamically coordinate resources long-term agent control, create a powerful paradigm for building to achieve both low-level and high-level goals. large-scale and intelligent sensor networks with heterogeneous “This type of resource allocation can be too complex and and adaptable sensing capabilities,” said Lesser. time-consuming to perform in a centralized manner when the Along with Lesser, the main contributors to this research environmental characteristics are both distributed and dynamic, were MAS graduate students Bryan Horling, Roger Mailler, because the costs associated with continuously centralizing Jiaying Shen, and Dr. Regis Vincent, former MAS Lab Research the necessary information are impractical,” said Lesser. The Scientist. Significant Bits, Spring 2004 ◆ 3

FACULTY Kulp joins Department faculty

avid Kulp, whose primary trix, the major manufacturer of “Gene Chip” microarrays. “A research interest is microarray is a tiny slide containing a grid of unique, address- Dbioinformatics, joined the able, synthesized, small fragments of single-stranded DNA,” Department as an Assistant Profes- explained Kulp. “Exploiting the complementarity of the two sor this semester. “I’m very pleased strands of the DNA double helix, researchers wash single- to have the opportunity to work in stranded DNA across the slide surface to see what ‘sticks’ to the the UMass Computer Science de- synthesized fragments on the surface. A laser scanning image of partment. The potential for creative the grid reveals the DNA content of the sample.” Kulp took his cross-disciplinary research is a big basic research in sequence analysis and applied the results to the advantage for me,” said Kulp. design of commercial microarrays containing snippets of DNA Kulp is the Director of the newly from all known genes. These products are now widely used by formed Bioinformatics Research molecular biology researchers in industry and academia to assess Laboratory, which is engaged in the the gene content of samples of interest. development of novel methods to ad- Besides studying DNA sequences, Kulp led a research group dress challenges in genomics. The lab at Affymetrix that has recently published on functional predic- David Kulp is specifically concerned with assays tion of genes, signal analysis of microarray images for expres- and analysis methods for studying DNA sequences, including sion and genotyping, predicting and estimating concentrations gene-finding and variation detection. Said Kulp, “my research of gene variants, and thermodynamic models of hybridization. mixes conventional computer science topics such as algorithms Said Kulp, “I continue to work on many of these topics at and learning methods with the engineering challenges needed to UMass, and I am particularly interested in the use of microarray answer open biological questions in the life sciences.” technology for studying variation in DNA. The vast majority of Over the past eight years, Kulp has been active in bioinfor- microarray users today study gene activity, but with the right matics research, specifically in the development of algorithms designs and analysis methods I believe that microarrays will for the identification of protein-coding gene structure in genomic become an important tool to study genetic variation as well. DNA. His contributions to this research area have resulted in That has become a major focus of my research.” the co-authorship of three seminal papers in Science and Nature Before joining UMass Amherst in 2004, Kulp was the Vice regarding the analysis of the complete genome sequences of Dro- President of Bioinformatics at Affymetrix, Inc. where he man- sophila melanogaster (fruit fly), human, and mouse. Recently, aged a group of 45 people. Prior to joining Affymetrix, he was Kulp’s primary concern has been the design of high-density the Chief Technology Officer and Vice President of Research at oligonucleotide microarrays for the detection and discovery of Neomorphic, Inc. He received his Ph.D. in Computer Science transcripts and splice variants in eukaryotes. Currently active from the University of California, Santa Cruz. Kulp was ap- research topics are genomic gene-finding, microarray designs pointed to the University of California, Santa Cruz School of for sequencing by hybridization and associated basecalling Engineering Advisory Board in 2002. algorithms, fast sequence searching algorithms using physical models of hybridization, and the integration of quantitative expression and genetic markers. “I am interested in methods to better annotate the human Croft genome and the genomes of other organisms to identify and understand all the component parts,” said Kulp. “With the appointed for sequencing of complete genomes we have a better handle on these questions, but much is still unknown and basic questions second term such as the number and nature of genes in an organism are still important open problems.” istinguished Profes- Kulp played a role in three of the major genomics achieve- sor Bruce Croft has ments: the sequencing and analysis of the fly, mouse, and hu- Dbeen appointed for an man genomes. While a student at UC Santa Cruz’ Center for additional three years as Chair Biomolecular Science and Engineering, studying with David of the Department. “I look Haussler, Kulp co-authored the “Genie” gene finder. “Genie is a forward to leading the depart- generalized hidden Markov model in which the states represent ment during a phase of exciting a multi-symbol grammatical structure along a DNA sequence,” growth and opportunity,” said said Kulp. Genie was used in both the human genome analysis Croft, who has served as De- and the mouse genome analysis as one of the two most successful partment Chair since 2001. His new term will commence annotation techniques. It was also the primary gene prediction in January after a one semester sabbatical at the University program used in the first annotation of the Drosophila genome. of Melbourne in Australia. Professor Andy Barto will serve This work was done while Kulp was a bioinformatics researcher as interim Chair during that period. at a start-up called Neomorphic that later merged with Affyme- 4 ◆ Significant Bits, Spring 2004

NEWS Who’s in the news?

he Department once Grupen was quoted in Mass ogy (CCBIT) was noted in also featured on Apple Com- again attracted media High Tech magazine about a Daily Hampshire Gazette puter’s “Profiles in Success” Tattention for its re- the project. The Segway Chat article about the Goody Par- stories on their web site. search. The UMass Robotics News and Discussion Group sons Project. CCBIT, under the Associate Professor Hava team’s autonomous Segway also took note of the project direction of Research Associ- Siegelmann was recognized Human Transporter project with the posting “man …too ate Professor Beverly Woolf in a recent American Institute was highlighted in the Bos- cool….” and Executive Director Dave of Physics Bulletin of Physics ton Business Journal and Associate Professor Andrew Hart, worked with Historic News for her work on devel- the New Hampshire Sunday McCallum’s research on using Northampton on an interac- oping a model which shows News/Union Leader. Assis- Bayesian classifiers to filter tive Web site that will be used that the functioning of a model tant Professor Oliver Brock out email spam was cited in by teachers and students in gene network is comparable in was quoted in both articles Jon Udell’s O’Reilly Network Northampton to study 17th expressive power to the work- about the uses of the new au- column on xml.com. century history about the city. ings of a Turing machine, the tonomous Segway. In another The Center for Computer- CCIBT Online Web-based generic idealized computer. Segway article, Professor Rod Based Instructional Technol- Learning System (OWL) was

try.” He invented Hoard, a widely-used scalable memory manager Berger ...... (from page 1) that dramatically improves the performance of multithreaded Berger received the award for applications. He also developed the Heap Layers infrastructure his proposal “Cooperative System for building high performance memory managers, including both Support for Robust High Perfor- Hoard and reap, a hybrid region-heap allocator. mance.” His project will include a Berger joined UMass Amherst as an Assistant Professor after combination of programming lan- receiving his Ph.D. in 2002 at the University of Texas at Aus- guage and systems research, which tin (his Ph.D. advisor was Kathryn McKinley, former UMass is the main thrust of his current Computer Science Associate Professor). Prior to moving to Am- research. The work will develop herst, he has lived in New York, Orlando, Miami, Canterbury, a synergistic new research area in Grenoble, Austin, Seattle, and Barcelona. cooperative memory management The CAREER program recognizes and supports the early between the operating system and career-development activities of those teacher-scholars who are run-time systems, including coarse- most likely to become the academic leaders of the 21st century. grained and fine-grained garbage Berger was selected on the basis of his creative career develop- Emery Berger collectors, to reduce or eliminate ment plans that effectively integrate research and education paging. “Our work represents a promising new direction in within the context of the mission of the University. the areas of memory allocation, garbage collection, and virtual memory research, and should act as a bridge leading to further collaboration between the programming language and operating system communities,” said Berger. The algorithms developed within this project will enable systems to make better use of available resources, improve throughput, reduce response time, and adapt robustly to sud- den increases in load, improving resilience to denial-of-service attacks. “Our research will improve the performance and behavior of nearly every server,” said Berger. “By eliminating the need for additional memory, we will potentially save millions of dollars in component and energy costs.” Berger’s work will also improve the performance, and thus speed the acceptance, of safe garbage-collected languages. Berger directs the Programming Languages and Systems at Massachusetts (PLASMA) research group. His current research interests include runtime and operating system support for mod- Travelers Scholarships ern programming languages, with a particular focus on coopera- This spring, the Travelers Foundation awarded $2500 tion between virtual and user-level memory managers. Berger is scholarships to Computer Science undergraduates Amos part of a multi-university research effort led by UMass Amherst Wetherbee (left) and John Altidor (right). The Travel- and University of Texas-Austin that was recently singled out by ers Insurance Company recently merged with St. Paul’s NSF site visitors as “the best garbage collection group in the coun- Companies to form St. Paul Travelers. Significant Bits, Spring 2004 ◆ 5

IN MEMORIAM Professor Emeritus Robin Popplestone, 1938 - 2004

rofessor Emeritus Robin John In 1990, Popplestone was selected as a Popplestone, one of the early pioneers Founding Fellow of the American Association Pin Robotics and Computer Program- for Artificial Intelligence (AAAI) in recogni- ming Languages, died on April 14 in Glasgow, tion of his seminal contributions to AI. Due to Scotland after a 10 year battle with cancer. illness, he retired in 2001 from the University He was 65. of Massachusetts as an Emeritus Professor, “We will all miss Robin very much,” said and returned to Glasgow, Scotland to be near Professor Rod Grupen, co-director of the his family and the sea. Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics with Pop- “Some would describe Robin as the clas- plestone. “Robin is a lengendary figure in our sic absent-minded professor in appearance, community; technically, as a personality, and and few who knew him could help but notice as a sage mentor. He inspired new research that he was truly unique, sometimes a touch topics for budding dissertations literally until eccentric, with flashes of genius,” said Profes- the day he retired from UMass.” sor Victor Lesser. “He was a beloved advisor Popplestone was born in Bristol on Decem- to many students, a warm and caring friend, ber 9, 1938. After World War II, his family a deep intellectual thinker on a wide range moved to Belfast, where he grew up. He of subjects, a witty conversationalist, was educated at Belfast University, and and an expert sailor.” After retiring, he received an honors degree in mathemat- pursued his interest in the Irish language ics in 1960. He then spent the next four by beginning work on a translation pro- years at Manchester University doing gram. He spent considerable time in his graduate work in mathematics. One of later years living with his wife on their the widely believed stories surrounding boat, sailing extensively around Scot- Popplestone (...although Robin refused land, Ireland, Sweden, and Denmark. to corroborate it...) has it that he never “Robin was a profoundly unique completed his Ph.D. in mathematics person who touched the lives of all who because he lost his thesis manuscript in knew him,” said Lesser. a sailing accident shortly before it would Popplestone leaves his wife, Professor have been delivered to the faculty at Kristin Morrison, and three children by Manchester University. Sailing remained earlier marriages: Michael Popplestone, a passionate pursuit nonetheless, and, Jennifer Dukovich, and Sally Bracken- though computer science became his profession, mathematics ridge, as well as three grandchildren. He is also survived by his remained at the heart of his research. mother and three brothers. Popplestone arrived at Edinburgh University as a lecturer in 1965 and spent the next 20 years establishing one of the first world-class research groups in robotics in Europe. He did vision- Ronnie Boss ary work in robotics involving the integration of multi-modal onya “Ronnie” Boss died in Amherst at the age sensing (including vision) into robotic control, and developed of 71 on April 4, 2004 after a battle with cancer. techniques for modeling and spatial reasoning about geometric From 1990 until her retirement in 2000, Boss was objects. In addition to this work in robotics, he co-developed the R grant administrator and bookkeeper for the Laboratory programming language PoP-2. This work, which started soon for Advanced Software Engineering Research (LASER), after he arrived in Edinburgh, anticipated functional and higher co-directed by Professors Lori Clarke and Lee Osterweil. order programming by over a decade. PoP-2 was the main “Ronnie ‘watched over’ LASER for ten years, making sure language used by researchers in artificial intelligence in Britain that the budgets and paperwork were in tip-top shape and during the 1970’s. While on the faculty at Edinburgh University, keeping all of us in line,” said Clarke. “I am glad she had he played a major role in keeping the fledging field of robotics some time to enjoy her well-deserved retirement. We’ll all alive in Britain after the Lighthill report on artificial intelligence miss her.” precipitated a major decrease of funding in this area. He had a In addition to her work at UMass, Boss and her husband long history of fostering university and industrial interaction in Hillard “Hill” Boss operated the Grist Mill Antique Shop Edinburgh and served as departmental chairperson in 1981. in South Amherst for 18 years, retiring in 2002. Memorial In 1985, Popplestone joined the faculty of the University of gifts may be made to Jewish Community of Amherst, 747 Massachusetts Amherst as a Professor of Computer Science and Main Street, Amherst, MA 01002, VNA/Hospice Alliance, Director of the Laboratory for Perceptual Robotics. Together 168 Industrial Drive, Northampton, MA 01060, or the with his students, he advanced group theoretic frameworks for Center for Extended Care at Amherst, 150 University Drive, - describing relationships between bodies and describing symme Amherst, MA 01002. tries in tasks that could be exploited by control and planning. U n i v e r s i t y o f Massachusetts A m h e r s t lum Vol. 4, No. 5 • Spring 2004 AMatters A newsletter for alumni of the Department of Computer Science

Making markets and democracy work

a problem of multiple agents protocols that are especially hard to ma- jointly choosing an outcome, nipulate. He designed voting mechanisms such as a President, task where finding a beneficial manipulation allocation, or a resource al- is so hard computationally, that although location. What makes it so a manipulation exists, it is intractable. difficult is that, generally, the “Computational complexity can be used agents have different prefer- as a barrier to strategic behavior in set- ences over outcomes, said tings where economic mechanism design Sandholm. This is a central falls short,” said Sandholm. problem in multiagent sys- According to Sandholm, the design rom within the confines of the tems, be the agents human or software. of interaction mechanisms can be auto- Agent-Mediated Electronic Mar- Mechanism design is the art and science mated, and these yield better mechanisms Fketplaces Lab at Carnegie Mellon of designing the rules of the game so that than the best known to date. Applica- University’s Computer Science Depart- the agents are motivated to report their tions for automated mechanism design ment, Associate Professor Tuomas preferences truthfully and a desirable include divorce settlement negotiations, Sandholm (Ph.D. ’96) is leading research outcome is chosen. public works project decisions, and deal- efforts that could affect the outcomes Voting is a general method for prefer- making in auctions. Sandholm’s design of such varied events as divorce settle- ence aggregation in multiagent settings, software created optimal mechanisms for ments, product bidding, or presidential but a key problem with voting mecha- divorce settlements (which spouse gets elections. Sandholm’s research deals with nisms is voter manipulation. “An agent what as a function of their reported valu- computational approaches that make is said to vote strategically when it ranks ations of the items), for (combinatorial) markets and democracy work. alternatives not according to true pref- public goods problems (e.g., for deciding “Game theory provides a basis for erence, but in order to manipulate the whether to build a road, bridge, neither, engineering the incentives into the in- results so the outcome is ultimately more or both), and for revenue-maximizing teraction mechanism (e.g., rules of an favorable to the agent,” said Sandholm. multi-object auctions (a tough open election or auction) so that a desirable “For example, if an agent prefers Nader research problem). system-wide outcome (e.g. President, to Gore to Bush, but knows that Nader Since 1997, Sandholm has also been resource allocation, or task allocation) has too few other supporters to win the working on algorithms for clearing is chosen even though every agent acts 2000 Presidential election, while Gore complex auctions. In a combinatorial based on self-interest,” said Sandholm. and Bush are close to each other, the auction, bidders can bid on self-selected Sandholm addresses the practical agent would be better off by declaring packages of items. Sandholm’s research computing, communication, privacy, Gore as its top candidate. Manipulation generalizes that idea to what he calls ex- and economic concerns of game theo- is an undesirable phenomenon. If the pressive competition. In that framework, retic mechanisms. “This is a particularly agents reveal their preferences insin- bidders can express their offers in rich exciting research area because those cerely, a socially undesirable candidate formats: package bids, item attributes, issues are intimately intertwined,” said may be chosen.” Seminal economic discount schedules, capacity constraints, Sandholm. “Whether you like it or not, impossibility results show that all voting etc. The bid taker can also be highly preference aggregation settings are all protocols are manipulable. Sandholm’s expressive about how her preferences around us.” Preference aggregation is work takes the next step to designing should factor into the determination of UMass Amherst Department of Computer Science Alum Matters, Spring 2004 ◆ 7 the winners of the auction. Her expres- 500 clients. In the last two years, Com- siveness includes side constraints (e.g., bineNet has used Sandholm’s expressive Alumni “I don’t want more than 200 winners; competition technology to clear $7 bil- more is too much hassle,” “I don’t want lion of procurement auctions, generating Connections anyone to win more than 15%,” “I $1.2 billion in savings. (This savings is want minorities to win at least 5%,” achieved through increasing economic Rich Sutton (Ph.D. ’84) has been …), trade-off expressions, and state- efficiency, not through squeezing the appointed as the iCORE Chair in ments about how item attributes and suppliers’ margins). Reinforcement Learning in the De- bidder attributes are to be taken into While a Ph.D. student at UMass partment of Computing Science at account. To enable expressive competi- Amherst, Sandholm was advised by the University of Alberta. His research tion, algorithms are needed for winner Professor Victor Lesser. He is the 2003 program will be a cornerstone of the determination, a hard combinatorial recipient of the prestigious Comput- new Alberta Ingenuity Centre for optimization problem. Sandholm has de- ers and Thought Award, presented by Machine Learning (AICML), which veloped the fastest optimal algorithm for the International Joint Conference on has recently been established in this problem. The hardest real-world ex- Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), and the Edmonton. To develop the research pressive competition that Sandholm has Sloan Research Fellowship, presented program, Dr. Sutton has received a encountered was a transportation ser- by the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation. He five year iCORE Chair and Professor vices procurement auction with 22,665 has also received several other presti- Establishment (CPE) grant. Sutton trucking lanes to be bought, multiple gious academic awards, including the joined the University of Alberta in Au- units of each, 323,015 bids, and several National Science Foundation CAREER gust 2003 as Professor of Computing side constraints. Sandholm’s technology Award in 1997 and the inaugural ACM Science. Sutton’s UMass advisor was achieved (and proved) optimality in 5.5 Autonomous Agents Research Award Andrew Barto. minutes while the nearest competitor in 2001. Sandholm has published more Henning Schulzrinne (ECE Ph.D. took 6 hours for a 97% optimal solution than 160 technical papers on electronic ’93), Columbia University Associate and didn’t improve even after 68 hours. commerce, game theory, artificial intel- Professor, was named one of the 50 In other expressive competition events ligence, multiagent systems, auctions, most powerful people in networking that Sandholm’s technology has solved automated negotiation and contract- by Network World. Schulzrinne, the there have been over a million bids, over ing, coalition formation, voting, safe only academic on the top 50 list, was 110,000 side constraints, or over $750 exchange, bounded rationality, machine advised by Professor Jim Kurose while million on the line. Expressive competi- learning, and combinatorial optimiza- a student at UMass. tion creates economic value, makes bid- tion. Sandholm is not only a risk-taker in The surveillance research of ding easier, and is today technologically cutting edge research, but in personal life Computer Science alumnus Rakesh feasible, said Sandholm. as well. He was once ranked 12th in the Kumar (Ph.D. ‘92), director of David Are there yet unforeseen ways that Worlds (1987) and #1 in Finland (1986) Sarnoff Research Center’s media lab, computing and complexity can improve in windsurf racing, and continues to was highlighted in the “10 Emerging preference aggregation? Sandholm windsurf today, even after an encounter Technologies that will Change Your believes that there are, and his future with a shark on the Cape Cod coast. World” issue of MIT’s Technol- research will focus on the achieving those ogy Review magazine. Kumar was improvements. advised by Professor Allen Hanson At the age of 35, Sandholm not only Erratum while a graduate student at UMass teaches and directs a research lab, but is In the Alum Matters section of the fall Amherst. also Founder, Chairman of the Board, 2003 issue, we listed Jamie Callan’s Another CS alumnus, University of and Chief Technology Officer of a suc- (Ph.D. ’93) advisor as Bruce Croft. Colorado at Boulder Professor Alex- cessful company, CombineNet, with Callan’s Ph.D. advisor was Paul Utgoff. ander Wolf (Ph.D. ‘85), was featured 70 full-time employees and 45 Fortune We regret the error. in the CU Engineering Corporate Partner newsletter for his direction of the Computer and Communica- tions Security Center. Professors Lori You were. You are. UMASS. Clarke and Jack Wileden were Wolf’s advisors at UMass Amherst. The UMass Alumni Association provides a connection between alumni, faculty, Alumni friends, and the University. updates needed! Stay connected! What have you been up to lately? Become a Member. Keep in touch with other alumni. Tell us where you are living and working 800-456-UMASS (8627) and we’ll include your information in Alumni Connections. www.umassalumni.com Email us at: [email protected]. Thanks! 8 ◆ Significant Bits, Spring 2004

Debra Richardson named dean at UC Irvine

ebra J. Richardson (Ph.D. County, a non-profit organization committed to preparing at- ’81), professor of informatics risk girls for successful, independent, and fulfilling lives; the Dat the University of California executive advisory board of the Association for Women in Tech- Irvine (UCI) and interim dean of the nology, a local non-profit organization devoted to the advance- School of Information and Computer ment of women and girls in all fields of technology; the board of Science (ICS) since December 2002, trustees of the Orange County Chapter of ARCS (Achievement has been named dean of the school. Rewards for College Scientists) Foundation, which is dedicated She also will hold the Ted and Janice to helping the best and brightest students by providing scholar- Smith Endowed Dean’s Chair. ships to scientists and engineers; and the board of directors of “Dean Richardson has a clear Cotelligent, Inc., a leading provider of mobile business solutions, vision for the future of computer sci- services and wireless hosting. ence and information technologies at Richardson received her B.A. from UC San Diego, and earned UC Irvine,” said UCI Chancellor Ralph Cicerone. “Her dedica- both her M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Massachusetts tion to increasing the diverse participation in the field combined Amherst. While a student at UMass, Richardson was advised by with her strong leadership, her drive to continue to elevate the Professor Lori Clarke. “Debra provided outstanding leadership University of California’s first computer science school, and her and worked extremely hard to establish a school of computer experience will serve UCI well in this position.” and information sciences at UC Irvine. I am sure she will con- Richardson joined UCI in July 1987 as assistant professor tinue to provide strong leadership as Dean,” said Clarke. in the then-department of information and computer science; she became department chair in July 2000 and interim dean in December 2002. She was instrumental in securing a recent $20 Help fund the CS Department’s million anonymous gift to ICS. Under her leadership, information and computer science enrollment at UCI has grown to more educational and research efforts than 2,400 undergraduate and graduate students, a 125 percent Gifts like yours help the Department in many ways: they increase since 1998. Richardson serves as director of UCI’s Ada fund Departmental seminars by outstanding scientists, assist Byron Research Center for Diversity in Computing and Infor- undergraduate research, and help new faculty establish their mation Technology (a hub of the National Center for Women research programs. In addition to contributions ear-marked and Information Technology), whose mission is to ensure that for a specific purpose, general support helps us continue ac- women and other underrepresented populations are fully repre- tivities that enrich our educational and research programs. sented in the influential world of information technology. “I am honored to be named dean of ICS and pleased to How to Donate to Computer Science have the support and endorsement of UCI’s administration and Visit www.cs.umass.edu/csinfo/donate.html for online dona- ICS faculty for the direction in which the school is moving – a tions. If you would like to mail a donation directly to the nationally acclaimed research institute with a broad, interdisci- Department of Computer Science, please make checks pay- plinary emphasis,” Richardson said. “This appointment allows able to “UMass Department of Computer Science” and mail me to continue recruiting the very best faculty and building the to: External Relations Director, University of Massachusetts, school’s reputation as an excellent choice for Southern California Department of Computer Science, 140 Governors Drive, students.” Amherst, MA 01003-9264. To have a postage paid donation Active in the community, Richardson sits on many different envelope sent to you, send email to [email protected]. boards, including the board of trustees for Girls, Inc. Orange Thank you for your support of the Department.

Lights, camera, action

This past fall, Computer Science Professors David Mix Barrington and Robert Graham, along with graduate students Armen Babikyan, Jamieson Cobleigh, and Rachel Smith, participated in the Valley Light Opera’s production of Gilbert and Sullivan’s H.M.S. Pinafore. Graham was responsible for set construction. Barrington, Cobleigh, and Babikyan played sailors on board the H.M.S. Pin- afore, and Smith played a cousin of the ruler of the British navy, Sir Joseph Porter. Cobleigh was also one of the three producers of the show, held at Amherst Regional High School. For additional photos and details on the Valley H.M.S. Pinafore participants (left to right): Armen Light Opera, visit www.vlo.org. Babikyan, Dave Barrington, Rachel Smith, Jamie Cobleigh, and Bob Graham Significant Bits, Spring 2004 ◆ 9

CENTERS CCBIT supports successful campus course redesign project

he Center for Computer-Based Instructional Technology (CCBIT) is providing critical support for a new, technology-rich model for teaching large courses T Students on campus. Ten UMass Amherst departments are participating, under the direction of the Provost’s Office, in a two-phase proj- in a UMass ect. Funded by the Davis Educational Foundation, it is designed Amherst to improve the way large lecture classes are taught through the Statistics introduction of innovative instructional technologies. class “This Davis Educational Grant continues to recognize UMass answer Amherst as a leader in rethinking how large public Universities questions can deliver quality education to undergraduates, even in times with their of shrinking budgets and growing enrollments,” said Provost handheld Charlena Seymour. Daily Hampshire Gazette photo PRS devices. In the first phase of the project, six departments redesigned also acts as an attendance tool; class attendance and participa- large introductory lecture courses (minimum 200 students) to tion have risen dramatically. introduce a classroom communication system, the Personal Each of the instructor teams from the first phase worked Response System (PRS), during lecture and CCBIT’s Online with CCBIT to develop a semester’s worth of OWL homework Web-Based Learning (OWL) online mastery-learning environ- assignments for their redesigned class. OWL is an online as- ment for out-of-class assignments. CCBIT staff supported the sessment system that provides regular homework and quizzes development of OWL materials through feature enhancements that are individualized for the student and provide constructive to the OWL software as well as implementation of new mul- feedback authored by the instructor. Instructor teams structured timedia instructional materials embedded as OWL exercises. OWL assignments so that they supported each lecture in several During this first phase, student and instructor satisfaction with ways. First, students were assigned to do a pre-lecture exer- the courses has increased along with student performance. cise comprising simple questions designed to ensure adequate This project is a direct response to the financial pressures preparation. Second, students completed a more challenging facing UMass Amherst and most other colleges and universi- OWL exercise after the class to engage the students with the ties, as faculty sizes shrink and smaller classes are replaced by material. OWL’s ability to generate new, randomized problem large lecture sections. At UMass, these range in size from over variants allows the student to repeatedly try difficult problems 100 students in a class to almost 500, and are most common in in order to become proficient at the material. Finally, a number the first and second year curriculum. Thus, incoming students of the instructors capped this process with a weekly timed quiz have fewer opportunities for direct contact with their instruc- in OWL. tors. “New instructional technologies are being used to ‘re- In addition to facilitating the creation of OWL content personalize’ their learning experience by encouraging them to databases for each course, CCBIT staff provided two other interact more during lecture and giving them online homework critical support roles for instructor teams by providing software assignments. These provide instructor-authored feedback and enhancements appropriate for particular disciplines and devel- encourage practice until they have mastered the material,” said oping multimedia functionality. OWL was enhanced to support CCBIT Executive Director Dave Hart. statistical operations on datasets for the statistics course taught Under the first phase of the project each course was rede- by the Resource Economics Department. This allowed students signed to employ PRS during the lecture and OWL homework to submit new datasets (e.g. U.S. census data, surveys of their outside of class. Faculty were trained to use PRS during lecture friends, baseball statistics, etc.) and perform standard statistical as a feedback tool, stopping the lecture periodically to poll analyses on data that was meaningful to them. OWL was also students with provocative conceptual questions, short quizzes enhanced to incorporate multimedia assignments. or surveys. Each student responds using a handheld infrared “The results of the first project phase are very positive,” said transmitter, or “clicker,” which sends his or her response to Hart. “Students in the redesigned courses rated the PRS and a wall receiver and from there to the instructor’s laptop. The OWL systems very highly, and appreciated that it made classes student’s response, while hidden from the class, is stored un- more interactive and easier to keep up. Instructors also found der the student’s record, making him or her more accountable that students came better prepared.” To assess whether student for class participation.The aggregate results for the class are performance improved in the redesigned courses, these courses projected for the class to see and used to stimulate discussion, were directly compared to a control group of courses taught assess whether the class is grasping new material, and lead into by the same instructors in a previous semester. The redesigned new topic areas. courses had a total of 2450 students and the control, or “tradi- Often students are encouraged to discuss a PRS question tional” courses had 2294. The mean final course grade for the with their neighbors in the lecture hall before submitting their redesigned courses was 2.81, while the mean for the traditional answers, enlisting peers to help peers. By interleaving PRS ques- courses was 2.65 – a statistically significant result. tions with the lecture, instructors found they could break up the The participating departments in Phase I, chosen to reflect a format and keep the students better engaged during class. PRS continued on page 10 10 ◆ Significant Bits, Spring 2004

Not all fun and games for Hi-Score

omputer Science undergraduates Ryan Sobol and and share ideas. Dan Roy recently established a game development club Students and fac- Con campus called Hi-Score. The club, launched in Febru- ulty have already ary 2004, attracted 90 people to its first meeting. started sharing “One day last spring while playing basketball in Orchard tips on which classes to take related to games, such as Research Hill, Ryan and I had the idea to start Hi-Score,” said club Associate Professor Beverly Woolf’s 3D Modeling (CMPSCI President Dan Roy. “We then met weekly through the fall to 551) and Fundamentals of Graphic Communication (CMPSCI plan the details of the club, such as how often we should meet, 391F) courses. Second, they have organized a series of four stu- and what officer positions we would need.” Fellow Computer dent-run workshops. These workshops teach students specific Science undergraduate Nick Rycar joined the pair halfway game development skills, including level design and program- through the semester to help them define their vision and create ming for games. Third, they are encouraging members to start the club’s website. group projects with teams of students working together to create At the first monthly meeting in February, Jesse King, Design games that they can then add to their portfolios. Department Director from Cyberlore Studios in Northampton, “Hi-Score isn’t just for students,” said Roy. “Faculty can spoke about being a designer in the game industry. Assistant benefit as well. They get to see students who are inspired about Professor Brian Levine provided pizza and drinks, and Senior learning and who do it for fun. They can work with students Research Scientist Andrew Fagg brought a projector for the to show off their research. In Computer Science, for instance, a group to use. Roy and Sobol only expected 20 to 30 people at game could make the perfect showcase for advanced artificial in- the meeting, and were surprised at the showing. “By 7:00 p.m., telligence or networking techniques. Faculty can also see which when the meeting started, there was standing room only and classes students would like created. Finally, they get to meet people kept coming,” said Roy. industry professionals, possibly stimulating collaboration.” Since that initial meeting, the group has been working hard For more information about Hi-Score, or to sign up for to build on their success. They hosted two LAN parties. They the monthly newsletter, visit www.HSGameDev.org. elected six new officers at a March meeting, bringing the total to nine. They hosted a presentation by Mike Gesner, CEO of Dragonfly Game Design, who explained to Hi-Score members ...... (from page 9) what it is like to start a game company. “Now Ryan, Nick, and CCBIT course redesign I are working hard to transfer many of our responsibilities to broad cross section of colleges, were Art History, Astronomy, the new officers,” says Roy. The current officers are Dan Roy, Economics, Finance, Psychology, and Resource Economics. President; J. Ryan Sobol, Vice President; William H. Holland, Phase II will include greater representation from the humanities Secretary; Matt Edwards, Financial Officer; Lauren Chalas, including Classics, English, Music and Dance, and Chemistry. Webmaster; Chris Davy, Event Coordinator; Mike Beauche- One of the chief goals of Phase II will be the integration of the min, Workshop Coordinator; Mike Mintz, Librarian; and Nick PRS system with OWL so that the results of in-class activity in Rycar, Advisor. PRS can be incorporated into OWL homework assignments and Hi-Score’s mission is to accumulate experience in computer likewise OWL results can be passed back to PRS. By integrat- game design and implementation to help students break into the ing in-class activities with out-of-class assignments in this way games industry job market. They are working towards that goal students can be further engaged in the activities of the course, in three ways. First, they bring students, faculty, and industry especially when the subject of the assignments is data about the professionals to monthly meetings where they can network class itself.

at the event held on March 30 “the encouragement to learn for job seekers is the Depart- On the at EMC2. The students joined new things” and “the ease ment’s newly created job post- over one hundred students with which one can try dif- ings website (www.cs.umass. job hunt from Tufts, Northeastern, ferent projects internally.” At edu/csinfo/jobinfo/). The It is job-hunting time, and UMass Lowell, MIT, and each table where the students postings, varying from de- though the market is tough, WPI, where they listened to sat, an EMC2 representative partmental jobs and campus- events such as EMC 2 ’s talks from, among others, further endorsed the benefits wide jobs to internships and recruiting event “Smart Executive Vice President of the EMC2 corporate cul- full-time jobs, are collected Choices, Bright Futures” are Dave Donatelli and Senior ture. Each student had a half- by professors and staff and a great boon to graduating Vice President Tom Heiser, a hour interview with a project by request from companies students. UMass Amherst alumnus. manager (57 managers par- that contact the Department. Several of the Computer Graduating Computer ticipated in the event) and a It is an invaluable resource Science Department’s top Science senior Meeta Oberoi half-hour tour of a lab. These to both current students and undergraduates and students found the event to be well preliminary interviews would alumni looking for work. To from the Electrical and Com- organized and informative. then lead to an invitation for a request that a position be puter Engineering Depart- Speaking of the highlights of more detailed interview. posted on the site, send e-mail ment were recruited by EMC2 working for EMC2, she listed Another indispensable tool to [email protected]. Significant Bits, Spring 2004 ◆ 11

Faculty News dom Fields” has been selected for Honorable Mention at the CIIR sees double (and more) American Association for Ar- Professor Lori Clarke, co-di- Two members of the Department’s Center for Intelligent tificial Intelligence Nineteenth rector of the Laboratory for Information Retrieval (CIIR) became fathers of twins and National Conference (AAAI- Advanced Software Engineer- two others became grandparents within a three-week span 04) to be held in July in San ing Research (LASER), was recently. Associate Professor James Allan and wife Cathy Jose, California. The paper’s presented with the University Luna (and big brother Will) welcomed their twins Eliza- co-authors are Associate of Colorado at Boulder Distin- beth and Daniel into the world on March 16. On April guished Engineering Alumni Professor Andrew McCallum, CS graduate student Aron 1, Senior Research Fellow Sergio Guzman-Lara and wife Award in the category of Jeanne Stacciarini (and big brother Bernardo) became the Research and Invention. The Culotta, and Trausti Kristjans- son and Paul Viola, both from parents of twin daughters Daniela and Paola. award ceremony was held on CIIR Software Engineer Margie Connell and her husband Microsoft Research. ■ Profes- April 16. ■ Professor Jim Ku- John announced the birth of their granddaughter, Luna, on rose and Distinguished Profes- sor Jim Kurose is the technical program chair for the 2004 April 5. Luna’s parents are Sam Connell and Ana Gonzalez. sor Arny Rosenberg both gave Kate Moruzzi, CIIR Secretary, and her husband John are the Information Science and Tech- ACM Internet Measurement Conference (IMC) to be held proud grandparents of their first grandchild, Sienna, born nology Center (ISTeC) Distin- on April 7 to Trina Moruzzi and Dan Moore. guished Lectures at Colorado in Sicily, Italy in October. ■ State University. Kurose’s talk Since September, Professor Ed- “Networking…Successes, wina Rissland has been serv- Computer-Based Instructional Student News New Challenges, and an Ex- ing as the Program Director Technology (CCBIT), Kim panding Waist as the Field Ap- for the Artificial Intelligence Anderson Pond is a Visiting Current graduate student proaches 40” was presented in and Cognitive Science (AICS) Research Scholar. ■ Yao Chen Brent Heeringa was appointed December. Rosenberg’s lecture Program at the National Sci- is a Visiting Research Scholar a visiting faculty position at “N+1 heads are better than ence Foundation. The AICS with the Laboratory for Ad- Williams College for academic N --- or are they?” was pre- Program is part of the Data, vanced Software Engineering year 2003-04. Heeringa is sented in January. In another Inference and Understand- Research (LASER). She is an teaching theory of computa- notable event for Rosenberg, ing Cluster in the Division of Instructor at the School of tion and algorithm design ■ this year is the 40th anniver- Information and Intelligent Software Engineering at Bei- courses while at Williams. sary of his first conference Systems, a division in the Di- jing University. Computer Science undergrad- paper: “On n-tape finite state rectorate for Computer and uate Kevin Grimaldi won sec- acceptors,” presented in the Information Science and Engi- Research News ond place in the 19th Annual neering (CISE). On a side note, Mathematics Competition run 5th IEEE Symposium on David Westbrook, formerly Switching Circuit Theory and Rissland’s daughter Olivia has by the UMass Department of been named a Rhodes Scholar. with the Experimental Knowl- Mathematics and Statistics. Logical Design, Princeton, edge Systems Laboratory, New Jersey in 1964. This Each year 32 U.S. students are CS undergraduates Vitaliy selected to study at Oxford for has joined the Engineering Lvin and Michael Sindelar conference evolved into the Research Center for Collab- present-day IEEE Symposium 2-3 years. Currently, a senior earned honorable mention in at Brown University, Olivia is orative Adaptive Sensing of the competition. ■ Graduate on Foundations of Computer the Atmosphere (CASA) as a Science (FOCS Symposium). a triple concentrator with ma- students Toby Dragon and Ed jors in mathematics, biology, Senior Research Fellow. Mi- Walters received nominations ■ Bruce Croft, Distinguished chael Zink joined CASA as a Professor and Department and classics. At Oxford, she for the 2003-2004 UMass Dis- Research Scientist. Professor ■ Chair, gave a distinguished will pursue a D.Phil in biol- tinguished Teaching Award. ogy. Upon her return, she will Jim Kurose is an Associate Current graduate student lecture, “Question Answering Director of CASA. ■ Michael and Semi-Structured Text,” attend medical school. Güray Alsaç was accorded an Rosenstein (Ph.D. ’03), Labo- Honorable Mention by the at the University of Illinois ratory for Perceptual Robotics at Urbana-Champaign in Visitor News National Science Foundation Senior Postdoctoral Research in the competition to receive February. ■ Associate Profes- James Sterbenz is a Visiting Associate, and Autonomous sor Sridhar Mahadevan was a 2004–2005 Graduate Re- Research Scientist with the Learning Laboratory (ALL) search Fellowship. appointed an associate editor Computer Networks Research graduate student Mohammad for the Journal of Artificial Group. Sterbenz is a Senior Ghavamzadeh are co-chairs Staff News Intelligence Research (JAIR). Network Scientist at BBN of the AAAI-04 Workshop on ■ Micah Adler, Assistant Pro- Technologies. ■ Working with Supervisory Control of Learn- Laurie Connors has accepted a fessor, is the chair of the Six- the Center for Intelligent In- ing and Adaptive Systems, to Grant Administrator position teenth ACM Symposium on formation Retrieval (CIIR) as be held at the Nineteenth Na- with the Computer Networks Parallelism in Algorithms and Visiting Researchers, Ji Seoung tional Conference on Artificial Research Group. Connors pre- Architectures (SPAA 2004) to Kim and Tae Il Kim are from Intelligence in San Jose in July. viously was the Department’s be held in Barcelona, Spain in NHN Corporation in Korea. ■ For details see http://www. Graduate Programs Assistant. ■ June. The paper “Interactive In a collaborative arrangement cs.umass.edu/~mgh/AAAI-2004/. ■ Cindy Loiselle joined the Information Extraction with between UMass Extension Knowledge Discovery Labo- Constrained Conditional Ran- Services and the Center for ratory (KDL) as its Technical Writer. NONPROFIT ORG. Significant Bits U.S. Postage NEWSLETTER of the PAID DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE Permit No. 2 at the UNIVERSITY OF MASSACHUSETTS, AMHERST AMHERST, MA

140 Governors Drive University of Massachusetts Amherst, MA 01003-9264 “Significant Bits” is published twice a year by the Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst (www.cs.umass.edu). Your news, suggestions, comments, and contributions are welcome. Please mail them to the address above or send them electronically to [email protected].

Department Chair ...... W. Bruce Croft

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Editor ...... Jean Joyce

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Contributors ...... Daily Hampshire Gazette, David Hart, Laura Macsuga, Dan Roy

GIFTS Thanks for your support he following alumni and friends have actively Those interested in helping the Department should send supported the Department of Computer Science from a check made out to the University of Massachusetts to: TSeptember 2003 through March 2004. Such financial Department of Computer Science support is greatly appreciated and helps maintain a world-class Attn: Jean Joyce instructional and research program. Contributions of alumni 140 Governors Drive and friends help to fund important special activities that are University of Massachusetts not supported through the state budget. Amherst, MA 01003-9264 Please state that your gift is restricted to Computer Science.

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