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Morphological Diversity of Piquin Chilli (Capsicum Annuum L. Var
Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas volume 9 number 6 August 14 - September 27, 2018 Article Morphological diversity of piquin chilli (Capsicum annuum L. var. glabriusculum) from Querétaro and Guanajuato, Mexico Uriel Israel Ramírez Novoa¹ Francisco Cervantes Ortiz¹§ Salvador Montes Hernández2 Juan Carlos Raya Pérez¹ Angélica Cibrián Jaramillo3 Enrique Andrio Enriquez¹ ¹Technological Institute of Roque. Highway Celaya-Juventino Rosas km 8, Roque, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. CP. 38110. ([email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]). ²Bajío Experimental Field-INIFAP. Road Celaya-San Miguel de Allende km 6.5, Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. CP. 38110. ([email protected]). ³Ecological and Evolutionay Genomics-LANGEBIO-CINVESTAV. Libramiento Norte, highway Irapuato-León km 9.6, Irapuato, Guanajuato, Mexico. CP. 36821. ([email protected]). §Corresponding author: [email protected]. Abstract In the present investigation, the morphological variability of 11 populations of wild piquin chili (Capsicum annuum var. glabriusculum) of the Mountain range Gorda and Semidesert of Queretaro (Municipalities of Arroyo Seco, Jalpan of Serra, Toliman and Cadereyta de Montes) and Guanajuato (Municipality of Xichu). The characterization was carried out under greenhouse conditions at the Technological Institute of Roque (ITR) located in Celaya, Guanajuato, Mexico. The 44 characters were recorded in seedling, plant, flowering, fruit maturity and seed. The principal component analysis (CP) showed that the first three components explained 56.6% of the total morphological variability. The CP1 was explained by the characteristics of weight (0.326), width (0.301) and fruit length (0.271), leaf density (0.277) and seed diameter (0.297). In CP2, the variables that contributed most to the expression of the variation were width (0.329) and leaf pubescence (0.317) and finally, in CP3, the shape of the fruit (0.344) and color of the anthers (- 0.308) were the most important characters. -
F R O M T H E H E a R
B O A R D S F L A T B R E A D CALIFORNIA CHEESE california artisan cheeses fig jam, apricots country toast & crackers 21 HOMEMADE FOCACCIA TUSCAN served with sundried salami, red onion pepperoncini, pecorino CHARCUTERIE tomato tapenade 10 tomato sauce 20 california cured meats whole grain mustard, olives TOMATO BASIL cornichons, country toast 23 BBQ CHICKEN garden tomatoes, basil pesto cheddar, bacon, scallion GARDEN fress mozzarella crispy onions, ranch artichokes, pickled cauliflower balsamic reduction 19 BBQ sauce 20 oven roasted tomatoes country olives, peppadew hummus, pita 20 = vegetarian *Consuming raw or undercooked meats, poultry, seafood, shellfish or eggs may increase your risk of foodborne illness Substitutions & modifications politely declined 18% GRATUITY ADDED TO PARTIES OF 8 OR MORE FROM THE HEARTH SOUPS SMALL PLATES TOMATO & ROASTED GARLIC SOUP CRISPY FRIED BURATTA country toast 12 eggplant caponata, arugula CAULIFLOWER sweet chili sauce 16 pine nuts, extra virgin olive oil SMOKED CHICKEN CHILI country toast 18 scallions, country bread 14 BUFFALO WINGS SMOKED SALMON house hot sauce, celery RILLETTE blue cheese dressing 17 arugula, whole grain S A L A D S mustard vinaigrette TUNA POKE lemon, country toast 16 ahi tuna, avocado edamame, pickled ginger AVOCADO TOAST cucumber, seaweed 20 avocado, cherry tomato GREEN SALAD red onion, grilled artichoke cherry tomato, cucumber, radish country toast citrus vinaigrette 12 MINI BRISKET TACOS chipotle-honey BBQ sauce green salad 18 CAESAR SALAD fresh cilantro-lime slaw romaine, parmesan, croutons corn tortillas 18 anchovy-parmesan dressing grilled artichokes 14 SHRIMP COCKTAIL CAPRESE SALAD cocktail sauce, old bay garden tomatoes, fresh mozzarella, spanish olive relish 18 arugula, balsamic reduction, extra virgin olive oil. -
2018-01-26 Langual Proposal from Foodex2 – Plants in Facet B
2018-01-26 LanguaL proposal from FoodEx2 – plants in facet B The following are proposals to update LanguaL Facet B, after having indexed EFSA FoodEx2 Exposure hierarchy 20170919. To these, I have added previously-submitted 2017 proposals based on GS1 that have not (yet) been included in LanguaL facet B. GS1 terms and FoodEx2 terms in the following tables are just given to indicate the origin of the proposal. Comments are given in red. First, some simple additions of terms to the SYNONYM field, to make it easier to find descriptors in the LanguaL Food Product Indexer: descriptor synonyms FoodEx2 term FoodEx2 def WORMWOOD [B3433] Add SYN: artemisia vulgaris LITTLE RADISH [B2960] Add SYN: raphanus sativus BLACK RADISH [B2959] Add SYN: raphanus sativus niger PARSNIP [B1483] Add SYN: pastinaca sativa ARRACACHA [B3439] Add SYN: arracacia xanthorrhiza CHAYOTE [B1730] Add SYN: GS1 10006356 - Squash Squash, Choko, grown from Sechium edule (Choko) choko NEW ZEALAND SPINACH Add SYN: GS1 10006427 - New- Tetragonia tetragonoides Zealand Spinach [B1732] tetragonia tetragonoides JAPANESE MILLET Add : barnyard millet; A000Z Barnyard millet Echinochloa esculenta (A. Braun) H. Scholz, Barnyard millet or Japanese Millet. [B4320] echinochloa esculenta INDIAN LONG PEPPER Add SYN! A019B Long pepper fruit Piper longum [B2956] piper longum EUROPEAN ELDER Modify SYN: [B1403] sambucus spp. (which refers to broader term) Should be sambucus nigra DOG ROSE [B2961] ADD SYN: rosa canina LOOSE LEAF LETTUCE Add SYN: [B2087] lactusa sativa L. var. crispa LOLLO ROSSO [B2088] Add SYN: GS1 10006425 - Lollo Lactuca sativa L. var. crispa Rosso red coral lettuce JAVA APPLE [B3395] Add syn! syzygium samarangense Some existing descriptors would also greatly benefit from updated AI (and synonyms): FoodEx2 FoodEx2 def descriptor AI synonyms term ENDIVE [B1314] Add to AI: A00LD Escaroles There are two main varieties of cultivated C. -
Numex Lotalutein, a Lutein-Rich Serrano Pepper
HORTSCIENCE 55(12):2052–2055. 2020. https://doi.org/10.21273/HORTSCI14949-20 segregating population produced segregating lines of mature fruit that were red, yellow, and orange. Single-plant selection using phe- NuMex LotaLutein, a Lutein-rich notypic recurrent selection with pedigree breeding for earliness, desirable fruit shape Serrano Pepper and size, yield, and ease of destemming was accomplished. A total of seven generations of Ivette Guzman, Danise Coon, Krystal Vargas, and Paul W. Bosland self-pollination were accomplished using a Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, New Mexico State greenhouse during the winter season. Within University, Las Cruces, NM 88003 the segregating generations, five single-plant selections were made based on the color of Additional index words. Capsicum annuum , carotenoids, high-performance liquid chroma- ripeness alone. Each selected plant was selfed tography, human health, macular degeneration, open-pollinated by stripping fruits and open flowers and then placing an isolation cage over the individual plant to exclude any outcrossing (Bosland, Lutein is a carotenoid with antioxidant modification by the human body (Johnson, 1993). During each generation of selection, and anti-inflammatory properties important 2002). Sources of lutein are green leafy phenotypic traits considered to be impor- for reducing the risks of several chronic vegetables, yellow fruits and vegetables, tant to a serrano pod-type were selected diseases (Buscemi et al., 2018). Biofortifica- and egg yolks (Johnson, 2002). Furthermore, (Bosland and Votava, 2012). In 2013 and tion is the process by which the nutritional many studies have reported that lutein may 2014, selfed, single-plant selections were quality of food crops, like lutein, is improved have positive effects on different clinical planted at the LPSRC, and selections of through plant breeding, genetic medication, conditions, thus ameliorating cognitive func- desired horticultural traits were made and and other agronomic practices. -
Updates and Observations on High Tunnel Production at DSAC
2015 HIGH TUNNEL HEIRLOOM TOMATO & SPECIALTY HOT PEPPER VARIETY TRIALS Shelby Henning Department of Crop Sciences University of Illinois UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH AND EDUCATION CENTERS * UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH AND EDUCATION * CENTERS * XXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS RESEARCH X AND EDUCATION CENTERS XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX 2015 HT HEIRLOOM TOMATO TRIAL • Heirloom tomato • Advantages • Flavor • Unique appearance • Profitability • Disadvantages • Tender • Performance issues 2015 HT HEIRLOOM TOMATO TRIAL • Heirloom tomato • Health benefits? • Lycopene - anticancer • Improved transportation & appearance?? • Breaker vs. vine ripe? • HT performance in N IL? www.tasti-lee.com http://www.burpee.com/vegetables/tomatoes/saladette/tomato- health-kick-hybrid-prod000992.html 2015 HT HEIRLOOM TOMATO TRIAL • 22 tomato cultivars Lycopene vs. polyphenols • 20 indeterminate • 2 determinate • 8 Replicates • - 4 analyzed as breakers • - 4 analyzed as vine-ripe • Seeded March 18 • Planted May 9 • Weekly harvests (7/30 – 9/9) 2015 HT TOMATO CULTIVAR TRIAL • Indeterminate • Spaced at 18” in row spacing • Pruned to a single leader • Trained onto single twine • Determinate • Spaced at 18 inches • Pruned to first sucker below first cluster • Trained onto single twine • Fertigated weekly with calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate @ 7 lb 8 oz. N/A TOMATO VARIETIES • Amish Gold Slicer • Gold Medal • Pareso • Arkansas Traveler • Green Zebra • Ponderosa Red • Aunt Ruby's German Green • Health Kick • Sakura • Big beef • Hillbilly Potato Leaf • Stupice • Black Krim • Japanese Black Trifele • Tasti-Lee • Brandywine • Kellog's Breakfast • Cherokee Purple • Mortgage Lifter • Favorita • Nyagous • German Pink 2015 HT TOMATO & BELL PEPPER CULTIVAR TRIAL • Insect Pest Problems • Hornworm • Mosquitos • Disease Problems • No biotic disease that appeared significant July 23, 2015 Sept. -
Mccormick's Culinary Flavor Bases
THE ‘REAL-FOOD’ APPROACH TO ‘CLEANER LABEL’ creations With increased demand for real, authentic meal experiences, how will you balance consumer needs and operational challenges? CREATE CUSTOM FLAVOR WITH CULINARY-INSPIRED ETHNIC BASES, DIPS & SPREADS BROTHS AND STOCKS • All-natural ingredients with no artificial flavor added • ‘Pantry Ingredient’ flavors: meat, seafood, poultry, vegetables, spices, and herbs SIMPLIFY YOUR OPERATIONS SAUCES • Streamline raw material handling and production with pre-mixed ingredients • Flexible flavor formats including: bases, pastes, sauces, marinades, and glazes • Adaptable building blocks for use across an array of applications #CLEANSAVORY SOUPS & STOCKS BENEFIT FROM OUR EXPERTISE • Consultative, culinary-inspired flavor creation • USDA approved • Global ingredient and organic sourcing MARINADES • Claim-focused formulation: KOF-K GLAZES Contact your McCormick account manager today or visit us online at McCormickFlavor.com to learn more about our culinary base flavor solutions. STOCK & BROTH GLOBAL BASES Beef WITH HEAT: ASIAN Chicken Black Chili Seafood Chili Garlic Vegetable Gochugaro Chili Organic Varieties Gochujang Chili Hot Pepper ORGANIC BASES Kimchi Chili Organic Ancho Sriracha Sauce GLOBAL BASES: Organic Chili Szechuan Peppercorn ASIAN Organic Chipotle Thai Chili Organic Green Curry Fermented Black Bean Wasabi Fried Rice Organic Harissa Galangal Organic Jalapeno Hot and Sour Organic Mole Organic Roasted Garlic Miso GLOBAL BASES Organic Pho Pho WITH HEAT: LATIN Organic Portabella Mushroom Stir -
Visual Guide to Peppers
Visual guide to peppers http://missvickie.com/howto/spices/peppers/peppersdict.html Spice Up Your Cooking With Peppers Return to the Spices Main Menu for More Information Types of Peppers Scoville Heat Scale How to Stop the Heat Using Dried Chiles Roasting Peppers Preparation There are many types of peppers used in ethnic dishes from Mexico, the American Southwest, India and Asia all have local varieties to compliment their national cuisine. The "hotness of peppers is measured according to the Scoville Heat Index . The mildest peppers such as sweet bell peppers and cherry peppers are at the bottom of the Scoville scale. In the middle are peppers like serrano, yellow hot wax peppers, and red cayanne peppers. At the top of the scale are the habamero and the Scotch Bonnet. Peppers Common Photo Description Scoville Names Heat Units Anaheim These large (5 to 8 inches long, 1 1/2 2,500 Chile; to 2 inches wide, tapering to a point), California mild chiles have a thick skin, and are Green usually a bright, shiny green. Chile; Long Available year-round in most Green supermarkets, they're best in the Pepper; summer. The flavor ranges from mild Chile and sweet to moderate hot,they can Verde; vary greatly from pepper to pepper. (When They are perfect for chiles rellenos, Mature And dice or pur�e them for sauces, Red - Chile soups, and casseroles. Substitute: Colorado; New Mexico green chile (very close, California but hotter) OR poblano chilies. Red Chile) 1 of 6 4/13/13 9:44 PM Visual guide to peppers http://missvickie.com/howto/spices/peppers/peppersdict.html Banana A banana-shaped pepper that 500 Pepper, changes from pale to deep yellow or Banana orange as they mature. -
Lunch / Dinner
LUNCH / DINNER BLACK BEAN BURGER CONTAINS: TREE NUTS, ONION, GARLIC, WHEAT & SOY BRIOCHE BUN, BURGER PATTY, CHIPOTLE AIOLI, ROMAINE, AVOCADO, TOMATO, CILANTRO, SIDE OF FRIES BRIOCHE BUN: King Arthur Flour, oat milk (water, oats, sea salt), vegan butter (palm oil, canola oil, vegetable oil, olive oil, lactic acid, annatto extract, water, pea protein, salt, sunflower lecithin), egg replacer (whole soy flour, wheat gluten, corn syrup solids, algin), filtered water, sea salt, granulated sugar, yeast, rice bran oil BURGER PATTY: Brown rice (brown rice, filtered water, olive oil, garlic, salt), black beans (black beans, garlic, onion, jalapeño, bay leaves, oregano, olive oil), beets, crimini mushrooms, onion, pumpkin seeds, chipotle powder, cumin, olive oil, garlic, gluten-free oats, salt CHIPOTLE AIOLI: Veganaise (expeller-pressed soybean oil, brown rice syrup, apple cider vinegar, salt, soy protein, mustard flour, lemon juice), garlic, habanero and chili peppers, chipotle powder, brown sugar FRIES*: Potatoes, rice bran oil, salt *CONTAINS INGREDIENTS FRIED IN OIL CROSS-CONTAMINATED WITH TREE NUTS, ONION, WHEAT, GARLIC & SOY BLACK BEAN TETELA CONTAINS: ONION, GARLIC & CORN CORN MASA, BLACK BEANS, FRIED CAULIFLOWER, SALSA ROJA, SORREL SALAD CORN MASA: Corn masa, filtered water, salt BLACK BEANS: Black beans, garlic, onion, jalapeño, bay leaves, oregano, olive oil FRIED CAULIFLOWER*: Cauliflower, salt, rice bran oil RED SALSA: Tomatoes, habanero peppers, chipotle pepper, jalapeno, cayenne, onion, garlic, oregano, black pepper, olive oil, salt -
Hot Chili Chili Tool Oa., Styrke & Scoville – 3 – Rev
Hot Chili Chili tool oa., Styrke & Scoville – 3 – rev. 1.2 Stor liste med relativ styrke og Scoville værdi (..eller den lille gruppe oversigt med kendte chili) Styrke Navne Scoville Noter ▪ Ren Capsaicin 16,000,000 12 ▪ Carolina Reaper 2,200,000 ▪ Trinidad Moruga Scorpion 2,009,231 ▪ ▪ 7 Pot Douglah 1,853,396 10++++ til 12 ▪ Trinidad Scorpion Butch T 1,463,700 ▪ Naga Viper Pepper 1,382,118 ▪ 7 Pot Barrackpore 1,300,000 ▪ 7 Pot Jonah 1,200,000 ▪ 7 Pot Primo 1,200,000 ▪ New Mexico Scorpion 1,191,595 ▪ Infinity Chili 1,176,182 ▪ Bedfordshire Super Naga 1,120,000 ▪ ▪ Dorset Naga chili 1,100,000 ▪ Naga Jolokia 1,100,000 ▪ Naga Morich 1,100,000 ▪ Spanish Naga Chili 1,086,844 ▪ 7 Pot Madballz 1,066,882 ▪ Bhut Jolokia chili 1,041,427 ▪ Chocolate Bhut Jolokia 1,001,304 ▪ 7 Pot Brain Strain 1,000,000 ▪ Bhut Jolokia Indian Carbon 1,000,000 ▪ Trinidad Scorpion 1,000,000 ▪ Raja Mirch 900,000 ▪ Habanaga chili 800,000 ▪ Nagabon Jolokia 800,000 ▪ Red Savina Habanero 580,000 10++++ Chili Home Side 1/12 Hot Chili Chili tool oa., Styrke & Scoville – 3 – rev. 1.2 10+++ og 10++++ ▪ Fatalii 500,000 10++++ ▪ Aji Chombo 500,000 ▪ Pingo de Ouro 500,000 ▪ Aribibi Gusano 470,000 ▪ Caribbean Red Habanero 400,000 ▪ Chocolate Habanero 350,000 10++++ ▪ Datil chili 350,000 10++++ ▪ Habanero 350,000 ▪ Jamaican Hot chili 350,000 ▪ Madame Jeanette chili 350,000 ▪ Rocoto chili 350,000 ▪ Scotch Bonnet 350,000 10+++ ▪ Zimbabwe Bird Chili 350,000 ▪ Adjuma 350,000 ▪ Guyana Wiri Wiri 350,000 10+++ ▪ Tiger Paw 348,634 ▪ Big Sun Habanero 325,000 ▪ Orange Habanero 325,000 9 og 10+++ ▪ Mustard Habanero 300,000 ▪ Devil’s Tongue 300,000 10++++ ▪ Orange Rocoto chili 300,000 10++ ▪ Paper Lantern Habanero 300,000 ▪ Piri Piri 300,000 8-10 ▪ Red Cheese 300,000 ▪ Red Rocoto 300,000 10++ ▪ Tepin chili 300,000 ▪ Thai Burapa 300,000 ▪ White Habanero 300,000 9-10 ▪ Yellow Habanero 300,000 ▪ Texas Chiltepin 265,000 ▪ Pimenta de Neyde 250,000 ▪ Maori 240,000 ▪ Quintisho 240,000 Chili Home Side 2/12 Hot Chili Chili tool oa., Styrke & Scoville – 3 – rev. -
Hot Pepper (Capsicum Spp.) – Important Crop on Guam
Food Plant Production June 2017 FPP-05 Hot Pepper (Capsicum spp.) – Important Crop on Guam Joe Tuquero, R. Gerard Chargualaf and Mari Marutani, Cooperative Extension & Outreach College of Natural & Applied Sciences, University of Guam Most Capsicum peppers are known for their spicy heat. Some varieties have little to no spice such as paprika, banana peppers, and bell peppers. The spice heat of Capsicum peppers are measured and reported as Scoville Heat Units (SHU). In 1912, American pharmacist, Wilbur Scoville, developed a test known as the, Scoville Organoleptic Test, which was used to measure pungency (spice heat) of Capsicum peppers. Since the 1980s, pungency has been more accurately measured by high-performance liquid chromatography Source: https://phys.org/news/2009-06-domestication- (HPLC). HPLC tests result in American Spice Trade capsicum-annuum-chile-pepper.html Association (ASTA) pungency units. ASTA pungency Introduction units can be converted to SHU. Table 2 displays Sco- Hot pepper, also known as chili, chilli, or chile pepper, ville Heat Units of various popular Capsicum peppers is a widely cultivated vegetable crop that originates (Wikipedia, 2017). from Central and South America. Hot peppers belong to the genus Capsicum. There are over 20 species under the genus Capsicum. There are five major domesticated species of peppers that are commercially cultivated (Table 1), and there are more than 50,000 varieties. Fig. 1 depicts a unqiue, citrus-flavored variety of Capsicum baccatum hot pepper, known as Lemon Drop (aji-type), popular for seasoning in Peru (Wikipedia, 2017). Table 1. The five major domesticated Capsicum species of pepper with examples of commonly known types of pepper. -
The Oaxacan Kitchen the Joy of Cooking Lebanon Italian
EPISODE 301 EPISODE 306 THE OAXACAN KITCHEN CHICKEN AROUND THE WORLD Carnitas Filipino Chicken Adobo with Coconut Broth Green Chili and Tomatillo Crispy Chicken under a Brick Hot Sauce (Tsitsila Tabaka) Tlayudas Chicken Traybake with Roasted Poblano and Tomato Salsa EPISODE 302 EPISODE 307 THE JOY OF COOKING LEBANON GREECE EVERY DAY Za'atar Flatbreads Greek White Bean Soup Pita and Chickpea Salad with (Fasolada) Yogurt and Mint (Fatteh) Spicy Feta Dip (Tirokafteri) Middle Eastern Rice with and Tzatziki Toasted Pasta and Herbs Shrimp with Feta Cheese (Garides Saganaki) EPISODE 303 EPISODE 308 ITALIAN THE RIGHT WAY MILK STREET ITALIAN CLASSICS Risotto with Fresh Herbs Tuscan Beef and Black Pepper Spaghetti al Limone Stew (Peposo alla Fornacina) Pasta all'Amatriciana Pasta con Fagioli Soft Polenta EPISODE 304 EPISODE 309 BAKING IN PARIS ENCHILADAS AND MOLLETES Lemon-Almond Pound Cake Green Enchiladas with Chicken Salted Peanut and Caramel and Cheese (Enchiladas Verdes) Tart Molletes with Pico de Gallo EPISODE 305 EPISODE 310 THE SECRETS OF STIR-FRY ON THE ROAD: PORTLAND, MAINE Vietnamese Shaking Beef (Bò Lúc Lắc) Eventide Green Salad with Nori Vinaigrette Stir-Fried Broccoli with Sichuan Peppercorns Maple–Browned Butter Pie Sesame Stir-Fried Pork with Shiitakes EPISODE 311 EPISODE 316 MILK STREET SWEETS AMAZING ONE-LAYER CAKES Maple-Whiskey Pudding Caprese Chocolate and Cakes Almond Torte Chocolate-Almond Spice Spanish Almond Cake (Tarta Cookies de Santiago) Triple Ginger Scones with Chocolate Chunks Browned Butter and Coconut Loaf Cake -
Chili Pepper Carotenoids: Nutraceutical Properties and Mechanisms of Action
molecules Review Chili Pepper Carotenoids: Nutraceutical Properties and Mechanisms of Action Maria Guadalupe Villa-Rivera and Neftalí Ochoa-Alejo * Departamento de Ingeniería Genética, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Irapuato, Guanajuato 36824, Mexico; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Academic Editor: Karel Šmejkal Received: 23 October 2020; Accepted: 21 November 2020; Published: 27 November 2020 Abstract: Chili pepper is a prominent cultivated horticultural crop that is traditionally used for food seasoning and is applied for the treatment and prevention of multiple diseases. Its beneficial health properties are due to its abundance and variety of bioactive components, such as carotenoids, capsaicinoids, and vitamins. In particular, carotenoids have important nutraceutical properties, and several studies have focused on their potential in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. In this article, we reviewed the state of knowledge of general aspects of chili pepper carotenoids (biosynthesis pathway, types and content in Capsicum spp., and the effects of processing on carotenoid content) and recent findings on the effects of carotenoid nutraceuticals, such as antioxidant, cancer preventive, anti-inflammatory, cardiovascular disorder preventive, and anti-obesity effects. Keywords: Capsicum; carotenoids; chili pepper; nutraceutical effects; antioxidant; cancer; cardiovascular disorders; anti-inflammatory; obesity 1. Introduction Chili pepper (Genus Capsicum, Family Solanaceae) is an important cultivated spice crop. During 2018, 4.2 million tons of dry chilies and peppers and 36.8 million tons of green chilies and ≈ ≈ peppers were produced worldwide (FAOSTATS 2018) [1]. The Capsicum genus comprises 38 different species, but only C. annuum, C. frutescens, C. chinense, C. baccatum, and C.