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A Spatial and Temporal Analysis on NDVI in Urad Grassland During 2010-2019 Over Remote Sensing
MATEC Web of Conferences 336, 06029 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133606029 CSCNS2020 A spatial and temporal analysis on NDVI in Urad grassland during 2010-2019 over remote sensing Yueying Zhang, Tiantian Liu, Yuxi Wang, Ming Zhang, and Yu Zheng* Henan Key Lab Spatial Infor. Appl. Eco-environmental Protection, Zhengzhou, China Abstract. The temporal-spatial dynamic variation of vegetation coverage from 2010 to 2019 in Urad Grassland, Inner Mongolia has been investigated by analysing on MODIS NDVI remote sensing products. This paper applies pixel dichotomy approach and linear regression trend analysis method to analyze the temporal and spatial evolution trend of vegetation coverage over the past 10 years. The average annual vegetation coverage showed a downward trend in general from 2010 to 2019. The vegetation distribution and change trend analysis provide a thorough and scientific reference for policymaking in environmental protection. 1 Introduction Urad Grassland as the study area in this work is located in the northern foot of Yinshan Mountain in China, with dry and windy winter and high proportion of wind erosion and desertification land. At present, over 70% grassland is seriously degraded, which is the main sand source of sandstorm and poses a threat to ecological security in North China [1][2]. Therefore, it is not only a typical ecological fragile zone which is very sensitive to global change, but also a critical ecological barrier in the mainland. Fortunately, government has constantly funded billions of RMB in Urad Grassland since 2003 to encourage in closing grassland, restoring vegetation, returning grazing to grassland and reducing population density [1]. -
7 Resettlement Implementation Plan
RP979 Bayannaoer City Comprehensive Water Environment Treatment Project Public Disclosure Authorized Resettlement Action Plan for appraisal Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Bayanor City Hetao Water Affair Co. Ltd. Public Disclosure Authorized June.2010 Contents OBJECTIVES OF THE RAP AND THE DEFINITION OF RESETTLEMENT TERMINOLOGY ......................................................................................................... 1 1 PROJECT OVERVIEW............................................................................................ 4 1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND ....................................................................................... 4 1.2 PROJECT COMPONENTS AND PROJECT GENERAL SITUATION .................................. 5 1.2.1 Project Components .................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Project General Situation .......................................................................... 5 1.3 PROJECT IMPACT AND SERVICE SCOPE .................................................................. 9 2 IMPACT ANALYSIS ON NATURE, SOCIETY AND ECONOMY OF PROJECT AFFECTED AREA .................................................................................................... 10 2.1 NATURAL CONDITIONS OF PROJECT-AFFECTED AREA ............................................ 10 2.2 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC PROFILE ......................................................................... 12 2.3 PRESENT SITUATION OF SOCIAL ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN PROJECT AFFECTED -
Empirical and Model-Based Estimates of Spatial and Temporal Variations in Net Primary Productivity in Semi-Arid Grasslands of Northern China
RESEARCH ARTICLE Empirical and model-based estimates of spatial and temporal variations in net primary productivity in semi-arid grasslands of Northern China Shengwei Zhang1,2, Rui Zhang1, Tingxi Liu1*, Xin Song3, Mark A. Adams4 1 College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China, 2 Centre for Carbon, Water and Food, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia, 3 College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China, 4 Swinburne University of a1111111111 Technology, Faculty of Science Engineering and Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia a1111111111 a1111111111 * [email protected] a1111111111 a1111111111 Abstract Spatiotemporal variations in net primary productivity (NPP) reflect the dynamics of water and carbon in the biosphere, and are often closely related to temperature and precipitation. OPEN ACCESS We used the ecosystem model known as the Carnegie-Ames-Stanford Approach (CASA) to Citation: Zhang S, Zhang R, Liu T, Song X, A. Adams M (2017) Empirical and model-based estimate NPP of semiarid grassland in northern China counties between 2001 and 2013. estimates of spatial and temporal variations in net Model estimates were strongly linearly correlated with observed values from different coun- primary productivity in semi-arid grasslands of ties (slope = 0.76 (p < 0.001), intercept = 34.7 (p < 0.01), R2 = 0.67, RMSE = 35 g CÁm-2Á Northern China. PLoS ONE 12(11): e0187678. year-1, bias = -0.11 g CÁm-2Áyear-1). We also quantified inter-annual changes in NPP over https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0187678 the 13-year study period. NPP varied between 141 and 313 g CÁm-2Áyear-1, with a mean of Editor: Ben Bond-Lamberty, Pacific Northwest 240 g CÁm-2Áyear-1. -
Strategic Development Outline for Economic Cooperation Between the People's Republic of China and Mongolia
STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND MONGOLIA (PROJECT AREA: XINGANMENG PREFECTURE IN THE INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE PRC AND THE PROVINCES OF DORNOD, HENTIY, SUHBAATAR OF MONGOLIA ) i This publication was prepared by Asian Development Bank consultants under the guidance of Bank staff. The findings, interpre- tations, and conclusions expressed in it do not necessarily represent the views of the Bank or those of its member countries. The Asian Development Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data in- cluded in this publication and accepts no responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of their use. @ Asian Development Bank 2002 ISBN No. 971-561-412-4 Stock No. 110501 Published by the Asian Development Bank P.O. Box. 789, 0980 Manila, Philippines For more information on ADB, visit http:\\www.adb.org ii STRATEGIC DEVELOPMENT OUTLINE FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION BETWEEN THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA AND MONGOLIA (PROJECT AREA: XINGANMENG PREFECTURE IN THE INNER MONGOLIA AUTONOMOUS REGION OF THE PRC AND THE PROVINCES OF DORNOD, HENTIY, SUHBAATAR OF MONGOLIA ) iii Message from the People’s Republic of China n line with the open door policy, the Government of options for economic cooperation in a specific project the People’s Republic of China regards promotion area covering Xinganmeng Prefecture of Inner Mongolia Iof economic cooperation with neighboring coun- Autonomous Region and the three eastern provinces in tries as a special means to accelerate growth and eco- Mongolia. As revealed by the strategic study, the two nomic development of the local economy in the provinces countries have good opportunity to cooperate in the and autonomous regions that share border with other project area in the sectors of agriculture, mining, tour- countries. -
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level
Table of Codes for Each Court of Each Level Corresponding Type Chinese Court Region Court Name Administrative Name Code Code Area Supreme People’s Court 最高人民法院 最高法 Higher People's Court of 北京市高级人民 Beijing 京 110000 1 Beijing Municipality 法院 Municipality No. 1 Intermediate People's 北京市第一中级 京 01 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Shijingshan Shijingshan District People’s 北京市石景山区 京 0107 110107 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Haidian District of Haidian District People’s 北京市海淀区人 京 0108 110108 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Mentougou Mentougou District People’s 北京市门头沟区 京 0109 110109 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Municipality Changping Changping District People’s 北京市昌平区人 京 0114 110114 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Yanqing County People’s 延庆县人民法院 京 0229 110229 Yanqing County 1 Court No. 2 Intermediate People's 北京市第二中级 京 02 2 Court of Beijing Municipality 人民法院 Dongcheng Dongcheng District People’s 北京市东城区人 京 0101 110101 District of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Xicheng District Xicheng District People’s 北京市西城区人 京 0102 110102 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Fengtai District of Fengtai District People’s 北京市丰台区人 京 0106 110106 Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality 1 Fangshan District Fangshan District People’s 北京市房山区人 京 0111 110111 of Beijing 1 Court of Beijing Municipality 民法院 Municipality Daxing District of Daxing District People’s 北京市大兴区人 京 0115 -
Responses of Carbon Isotope Ratios of C3 Herbs to Humidity Index in Northern China*
Turkish Journal of Earth Sciences Turkish J Earth Sci (2014) 23: 100-111 http://journals.tubitak.gov.tr/earth/ © TÜBİTAK Research Article doi:10.3906/yer-1305-2 Responses of carbon isotope ratios of C3 herbs to humidity index in northern China* 1,2,3, 2 2 2 1 Xianzhao LIU *, Qing SU , Chaokui LI , Yong ZHANG , Qing WANG 1 College of Geography and Planning, Ludong University, Yantai, P.R. China 2 College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan University of Science & Technology, Xiangtan, P.R. China 3 State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Water and Soil Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling, P.R. China Received: 04.05.2013 Accepted: 02.09.2013 Published Online: 01.01.2014 Printed: 15.01.2014 Abstract: Uncertainties would exist in the relationship between δ13C values and environmental factors such as temperature, resulting in unreliable reconstruction of paleoclimates. It is therefore important to establish a rational relationship between plant δ13C and a proxy for paleoclimate reconstruction that can comprehensively reflect temperature and precipitation. By measuring the δ13C of a large 13 number of C3 herbaceous plants growing in different climate zones in northern China and collecting early reported δ C values of C3 13 herbs in this study area, the spatial features of δ C values of C3 herbs and their relationships with humidity index were analyzed. The 13 δ C values of C3 herbaceous plants in northern China ranged from –29.9‰ to –25.4‰, with the average value of –27.3‰. The average 13 δ C value of C3 herbaceous plants increased notably from the semihumid zone to the semiarid zone to the arid zone; the variation 13 ranges of δ C values of C3 plants in those 3 climatic zones were –29.9‰ to –26.7‰ (semihumid area), –28.4‰ to –25.6‰ (semiarid 13 area), and –28.0‰ to –25.4‰ (arid area). -
Inner Mongolia Sustainable Cross-Border Development Investment Program
Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Project Number: 51192-001 September 2020 Proposed Multitranche Financing Facility People’s Republic of China: Inner Mongolia Sustainable Cross-Border Development Investment Program Distribution of this document is restricted until it has been approved by the Board of Directors. Following such approval, ADB will disclose the document to the public in accordance with ADB’s Access to Information Policy. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 25 August 2020) Currency unit – yuan (CNY) CNY1.00 = $6.9196 $1.00 = €0.8483 €1.00 = $1.1788 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank ALE – agricultural leading enterprise BCP – border crossing point CAREC – Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation COVID-19 – coronavirus disease ECZ – economic cooperation zone EIRR – economic internal rate of return ESMS – environmental and social management system FAM – facility administration manual FIL – financial intermediation loan FIRR – financial internal rate of return GDP – gross domestic product IMAR – Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region IMARG – Government of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region km – kilometer MFF – multitranche financing facility PAP – poverty alleviation program PIE – project implementing entity PRC – People’s Republic of China SME – small and medium-sized enterprises SOE – state-owned enterprise NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars. Vice-President Ahmed M. Saeed, Operations 2 Director General James Lynch, East Asia Department (EARD) Director Xiaoqin Fan, Public Management, Financial Sector, and Regional Cooperation Division (EAPF), EARD Team leader Seung Min Lee, Senior Financial Sector Specialist, EAPF, EARD Deputy Team Aoxue Ren, Senior Procurement Officer, People’s Republic of China Leader Resident Mission, EARD Team members Bo An, Public Management Specialist, EAPF, EARD Frederic Asseline, Principal Climate Change Specialist (Climate Finance), Sustainable Development and Climate Change Department (SDCC) Ma. -
Imbalance in Spatial Accessibility to Primary and Secondary Schools in China: Guidance for Education Sustainability
sustainability Article Imbalance in Spatial Accessibility to Primary and Secondary Schools in China: Guidance for Education Sustainability Yuan Gao 1, Qingsong He 1,*, Yaolin Liu 1,2,3,*, Lingyu Zhang 1, Haofeng Wang 1 and Enxiang Cai 1 1 School of Resource and Environmental Science, Wuhan University, 129Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China; [email protected] (Y.G.);[email protected] (L.Z.); [email protected] (H.W.); [email protected] (E.C.) 2 Key Laboratory of Geographic Information System, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University, 129Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430079, China 3 Collaborative Innovation Center for Geospatial Information Technology, Wuhan 430079, China * Correspondence: [email protected] (Q.H.); [email protected] (Y.L.) Academic Editor: Marc A. Rosen Received: 16 September 2016; Accepted: 23 November 2016; Published: 28 November 2016 Abstract: Compulsory education is an important aspect of the societal development. Meanwhile, education equality safeguards the effectiveness of education systems and is an important part of social equality. This study analyzes the inequality of compulsory education from the perspective of imbalanced spatial distribution. Unlike previous studies that have measured the spatial distribution of education simply based on the spatial position of primary and secondary schools, we explore spatial accessibility based on the shortest travel distance from residents to schools, and then analyze the inequality of compulsory education through the distribution of spatial accessibility. We use 2873 Chinese counties as statistical units, and perform a statistical and graphical analysis of their spatial accessibility using the Theil index and spatial autocorrelation analyses. To analyze the differences in the spatial accessibility distribution on the national and regional levels, we use three partitioned modes: the terrain partitioned mode, the economic development partitioned mode, and the province-level partitioned mode. -
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996
China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 MOFTEC Copyright © 1996 MOFTEC ii Contents Contents Article 16 5 Article 17 5 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 2 Article 1 2 Chapter 3 - Foreign Economic and Technical Coop- eration in Border Regions 6 Article 2 2 Article 18 6 Article 3 2 Article 19 6 Chapter 2 - Border Trade of Small Amount 3 Article 20 6 Article 21 6 Article 4 3 Article 22 7 Article 5 3 Article 23 7 Article 6 3 Article 24 7 Article 7 3 Article 25 7 Article 8 3 Article 26 7 Article 9 4 Article 10 4 Chapter 4 - Supplementary Provisions 9 Article 11 4 Article 27 9 Article 12 4 Article 28 9 Article 13 5 Article 29 9 Article 14 5 Article 30 9 Article 15 5 SiSU Metadata, document information 11 iii Contents 1 Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions (Promulgated by the Ministry of Foreign Trade Economic Cooperation and the Customs General Administration on March 29, 1996) 1 China - Provisions of Administration on Border Trade of Small Amount and Foreign Economic and Technical Cooperation of Border Regions, 1996 2 Chapter 1 - General Provisions 3 Article 1 4 With a view to strengthening and standardizing the administra- tion on border trade of small amount and foreign economic and technical cooperation of border regions, preserving the normal operating order for border trade of small amount and techni- cal cooperation of border regions, and promoting the healthy and steady development of border trade, the present provisions are formulated according to the Circular of the State Council on Circular of the State Council on Certain Questions of Border Trade. -
Probing the Spatial Cluster of Meriones Unguiculatus Using the Nest Flea Index Based on GIS Technology
Accepted Manuscript Title: Probing the spatial cluster of Meriones unguiculatus using the nest flea index based on GIS Technology Author: Dafang Zhuang Haiwen Du Yong Wang Xiaosan Jiang Xianming Shi Dong Yan PII: S0001-706X(16)30182-6 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/doi:10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.007 Reference: ACTROP 4009 To appear in: Acta Tropica Received date: 14-4-2016 Revised date: 3-8-2016 Accepted date: 6-8-2016 Please cite this article as: Zhuang, Dafang, Du, Haiwen, Wang, Yong, Jiang, Xiaosan, Shi, Xianming, Yan, Dong, Probing the spatial cluster of Meriones unguiculatus using the nest flea index based on GIS Technology.Acta Tropica http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.08.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. Probing the spatial cluster of Meriones unguiculatus using the nest flea index based on GIS Technology Dafang Zhuang1, Haiwen Du2, Yong Wang1*, Xiaosan Jiang2, Xianming Shi3, Dong Yan3 1 State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information Systems, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China. 2 College of Resources and Environmental Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China. -
Grand Design for Future Development in Northeast Asia by Batbold Zagdragchaa (Mongolia)
Comments for the Session 1: Grand Design for Future Development in Northeast Asia by Batbold Zagdragchaa (Mongolia) Since Mongolia is a small developing country, its active participation in Northeast Asia’s integration is vital. At present, due to its economic structure and development level, Mongolia cannot participate in the NEA regional integration to the full extent. Particularly, weak development of infrastructure, roads and transportation networks causes extensive barriers and problems, which in combination with Mongolia being landlocked, negatively influences its competitiveness. Therefore, if transportation infrastructure is improved in connnection with the needs of regionalization, Mongolia can become the most convenient transport corridor and transit port connecting the NEA with Europe and Central Asia. As pointed out in the ”Grand design,” in order to build the industrial network and economic bloc of Northeast Asia, the improvement of a regional transport network is important. Recognizing this problem, Mongolia is gradually improving its transportation infrastructure. Mongolia has been building paved roads following the UNESCAP Asian Highway project. 200 km of paved road is expected to be completed this year through AH3 and another 454 km in the coming 3-4 years. In this case, the Mongolian portion of AH3 will be paved fully and road transportation from Mongolia to Beijing or the seaport of Tianjin will become possible. AH32 is most important for Mongolia’s integration into Northeast Asia.This horizontal line starts from Sonbong and passes through Northeast China and ends in the western part of Mongolia. The length of its Mongolian portion is 2325 km. AH32 crosses the Mongolian border from the Chinese border city of Arxan across the Nomrog river. -
Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture Dynamics in a Temperate Grassland Ecosystem in Inner Mongolia, China L
EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND SOIL MOISTURE DYNAMICS IN A TEMPERATE GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM IN INNER MONGOLIA, CHINA L. Hao, G. Sun, Y.-Q. Liu, G. S. Zhou, J. H. Wan, L. B. Zhang, J. L. Niu, Y. H Sang, J. J. He ABSTRACT. Precipitation, evapotranspiration (ET), and soil moisture are the key controls for the productivity and func- tioning of temperate grassland ecosystems in Inner Mongolia, northern China. Quantifying the soil moisture dynamics and water balances in the grasslands is essential to sustainable grassland management under global climate change. We conducted a case study on the variability and characteristics of soil moisture dynamics from 1991 to 2012 by combining field monitoring and computer simulation using a physically based model, MIKE SHE, at the field scale. Our long-term monitoring data indicated that soil moisture dramatically decreased at 50, 70, and 100 cm depths while showing no obvi- ous trend in two other layers (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm). The MIKE SHE model simulations matched well to measured daily ET during 2011-2012 (correlation coefficient R = 0.87; Nash-Sutcliffe NS = 0.73) and captured the seasonal dynamics of soil moisture at five soil layers (R = 0.36-0.75; NS = 0.06-0.42). The simulated long-term (1991-2012) mean annual ET was 272 mm, nearly equal to the mean precipitation of 274 mm, and the annual precipitation met ET demand for only half of the years during 1991 to 2012. Recent droughts and lack of heavy rainfall events in the past decade caused the decreas- ing trend of soil moisture in the deep soil layers (50-100 cm).