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Some Thoughts on a Best Seller Number 82-83 £1 or two dollars July 2015 An Appeal to the Young: Some thoughts on a best seller Anarchist pamphlets can pose all sorts of problems to imprisoned in 1907 for the act of translating it into the researcher. There’s always that constantly nagging Japanese. question of who actually read them. I rather sense that Some have left written record of the change this some of the best pamphlets, that can, a hundred or pamphlet made to their lives. Elizabeth Gurley Flynn fifty years on, take our breath away by their prescience spoke of its effect on her and how it propelled her were probably only read by a mere handful of people towards a life of militancy. Manuel Komroff, the and we have come to bestow an importance upon them writer who was associated with The Modern School in that was not reflected both in their original readership New York said that “It served as a compass and gave or in their effect on the movement. But we can’t say me direction”. Ba Jin read the 1918-19 Chinese that when we talk about Kropotkin’s An Appeal to the translation by Li Shizeng and was profoundly affected Young. It proved to be a most remarkably popular by his reading. We could go on: Frans Masreel, Upton pamphlet that crossed political tendencies and Sinclair, Victor Serge and others – all have asserted its continents with apparent ease and was, unarguably, a influence on them. One can only guess as to how best seller. many felt the passion of Kropotkin’s words without Originally published in La Revolte between June writing about them. Suffice it to say that Hyndman, and August 1880, its first pamphlet publication it’s first English translator, described An Appeal to the appears to be that published by the Imprimerie Young as “the best propagandist pamphlet that was Jurassiene in 1881. Editions of the work rapidly ever penned” (Record of an Adventurous Life, p.244-5) spread as pamphlets or serializations in newspapers. The pamphlet is a call to arms. It’s earnest, An 1884 German language edition was published by scathing, condemnatory and passionate – often all at Moritz Bachman in New York and another was once – as well as being imbued with a fierce morality. published by Johann Most in 1887. It was a staple diet At first reading we could easily imagine Kropotkin of German language papers, being serialized in Der writing this as a stream of consciousness, such is the Socialist 1893, Freie Wacht (Philadelphia) in 1895 and outpouring of anger, frustration, and, above all, hope Rudolph Grossman’s Wohlstand fur Alle (Wien) that bounces off the page. Only after a few more between May and October 1911. readings do we appreciate the patterns and structures The first English translation appears to have been that are in place to guide the reader to the realization in the London-based Social Democratic Party paper that piecemeal reform will not alleviate the mental and Justice between August and October 1884 with a physical hurt of capitalism in any profound way translation by H. M. Hyndman. He would go on to whatsoever. It is a clever and potent piece of writing publish it as a pamphlet in 1885 and it would run to and it’s not too difficult to appreciate the passions and numerous reprints. In the same year it was published commitments that we know it aroused in some of its in San Francisco with the title To Young People by the readers. International Workingmans Association (IWMA) in a At least two thirds of An Appeal to the Young is translation by Marie LeCompte and it would be aimed at what we would call “professionals” – the regularly reprinted in English language pamphlets in young middle class who are training or have trained to the years that followed, including editions in Australia, be doctors, scientists, lawyers, engineers and teachers, India, and elsewhere. as well as the artist, the sculptor, and the poet. The A Spanish translation was published in Granada in impossibility of reform is stressed in the practice of 1885 and during the next decade or so editions each profession. Unless we get rid of capitalism appeared in Buenos Aires, Montevideo, Santiago, people will continue to die because they are poor, the Cadiz, and Madrid. It was published regularly in Italy law will unjustly punish those who are dispossessed with the first Italian edition appearing in 1884. An and try to take matters into their own hands to make interesting Italian edition was also published in West redress, while scientific and engineering progress will Hoboken, New Jersey in 1899 with an introduction by be used to garner wealth for the already wealthy and the individualist Giuseppe Ciancabilla. The pamphlet increase poverty amongst those already suffering. was influential among Korean anarchists during the Even in a clunky English translation Kropotkin’s prose nineteen twenties, while in Japan, Osugi Sakae was crackles with anger. “What will you prescribe for this Inside: The Spanish Republicans who liberated Paris An Appeal to the Young sick woman, doctor? … Say a good beef-steak every thinking and writing (and the writings of many other day, a dry and well-ventilated bed room?... If she anarchists!) and we should recognize them as the could have afforded it this would have been done fulcrum of this pamphlet. When he appeals to the long since without waiting for your advice.” An professional young he is appealing to them to join Appeal to the Young identifies itself totally with the these men who, though small in number, offer hope poor and exploited. The only moral answer for these for the future of the world. young professionals is to join the cause of Socialism, Such appeals do though raise an interesting to become Revolutionists and bring about the Social question. What do these young people do once they Revolution thus helping destroy the poverty and hurt have joined the social revolution? What is their that capitalism has brought about. Kropotkin suggests relationship to the working class and poor (and I that if you are an altruist, if you are a moral person, sense these can be two different categories in then there is no other course of action for you to take Kropotkin’s mind) that Kropotkin describes in his unless you abandon all semblance of empathy and pamphlet? He suggests that their role is “not of join the rich. There is no middle ground in this masters, but as comrades in the struggle.” Their job is situation that makes any logical sense. not to govern or teach but to “grasp the aspirations of I don’t think we are being fanciful if we say that the many: to divine them, to give them shape. Only much of the passion and emotion in the first two then, he suggests, “will you lead a complete, a noble, thirds of the pamphlet are a product of Kropotkin’s a rational existence”. Presented in, I sense, own experiences. Coming from a position of deliberately general terms this appeal, as we have privilege he, himself, had crossed his own particular seen, struck chords all over the world. It offers a “river of fire” by joining the Chaikovsky circle in mission, a life of worthy and honourable purpose and 1872, committing himself to the “people” (whatever many would walk the path he had cut through their that rather complex term means) at a slightly older privilege for them. age than many of the circle’s members and suffering I want to suggest, though, that despite all its imprisonment in 1874 for having done so. I rather strengths An Appeal to the Young reflects a central think that many of the examples he gives in this tension within anarchist ideas and propaganda that we section are based on the experiences which his continue to grapple with. Simply put it is the lack of comrades had lived through – those men and women experience of working class life on the part of many who “were not theorists about socialism but had anarchist writers, and an inability on the part of those become socialists by living no better than the workers writers to address that experience and offer anarchy live…… and by refusing to enjoy for their own as a relevant and exciting alternative. By working satisfaction the riches they had inherited from their class experience I mean the lives of those who fathers” (Memoirs of a Revolutionist, p.307). We are haven’t joined the movement, those who aren’t in the also aware that at the time Kropotkin was writing this small groups creating patterns of revolution: the poor, pamphlet similar people to the Chaikovsky group, as the unemployed, the outsiders who live lives most members of Narodnaya Volya, were waging war anarchists have not come into contact with or have against the Tsar and the Russian security apparatus, difficulties understanding. Within this context the and showing extraordinary courage while doing so. final quarter of An Appeal to the Young is a Kropotkin also writes about another group of disappointment. It is clichéd and melodramatic with people he knows well – the radical working man none of the intimacy and power of its earlier sections. already committed to the Revolution – and in doing The young woman seduced by the industrialist’s son so presents us with a blueprint for revolutionary is straight from the pages of the sensationalist change. These workingmen have read wisely and magazines. And the picture Kropotkin paints of been able to apply their reading to their lived working class life, in general, lacks conviction and experience.
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