And the Pari Played by the C.N.T'f.A.I

It is Spain’s great tragedy that she has hitherto been so little understood: the story of the sufferings of a people that is bleeding from a thousand wounds and still will not give up the fight, because it knows that it carries in its breast the precious growth of Freedom and human dignity on which the future of all of us depends.

—RUDOLF ROCKER (“ The Tragedy of Spain ” )

Vol. 2. No. 27. LONDON, 5th JANUARY, 1958 PRICE 2d.— U.S.A. 5 CENTS.

The 25th Division formed by 118th Brigades fought gallantly, the 15th, the 116th and 117th causing enormous losses to the brigades, on orders received enemy. The 116th Mixed Bri from the High Command, left gade played the greatest part in for the Ternel front with the THE STRUGGLE FOR the capture of Teruel, being the object of occupying the posi force nearest the town when it tions designated by Army surrendered. During the after Headquarters. Tbe command noon of the 21st, and while the of tbe 25tb Division is in charge TERUEL men of tbe 116th Brigade were of the old CNT member, com fighting from house to house, it rade \ ivancos, who, from the received information that the beginning of the war, has been town had surrendered to the doing invaluable work. 20th Army Corp, thus ending The 116th Brigade, whose And The Pari Played By The ten days of the most intense military Commander is Boada fighting in bitter cold and snow. and political Commissar Fran We can safely say that the cisco Merono. also an old mem C.N.T’F.A.I. Commanders. Officers and men, ber of tbe CNT, left for the of tbe 25th Division, were those town of Corbalan. The 118th (REPORT FROM THE TERUEL FRONT) who contributed most towards Brigade, under Castan and po victory, having taken part in litical Commissar Carot. took relieved tbe 117th Brigade and selves at the enemy positions tbe rebels, surrounded in Teru the attacks on Teruel from the up positions in Cedrilla, and continued the action against and although we suffered a con el. Tbe hero of this engage first day, from the North and the 117th Brigade, under Bre- Teruel from the cemetery side. siderable number of losses, the ment was Commander Esealona, North East. The area of the tos, also a comrade of ours, On the 19th, the Air Force car battle was won. On the 20th, who at tbe head of 3 battalions, ground taken, covers nearly 500 placed itself in Estriche. The ried out several flights and the our batteries, commanded by in tbe space of three hours, sent square kilometres. We suffered High Command of the Division 118th Brigade attempted on Esealona. with uncanny preci 1.500 shells into the ranks of between dead and wounded, billeted in the town of Corba several occasions to take the de sion poured shell after shell the enemy with such devastating some 2.000 casualties, and it is lan. Early in tbe morning of fences protecting the entry into right in the middle of the ene effects, that tbe casualties in calculated that between dead the 15th. the 116th and 117th Ternel, but without success. my fortifications and from flicted were well over 3,000. and wounded and prisoners, the Brigades took up positions for Seeing that the tanks did not where attacks were being direc On the night of the 19th, a enemy lost 10.000 men. attack and awaited orders from render the services required, ted in order to break the ring chauffeur in the service of the This report was made in the High Command of the Divi the officers of the Brigade made made by the lltli Division. rebels, crossed over to our lines Teruel itself at 8 o’clock at sion, then at a place called a magnificent gesture: without There were moments when it and it was found that he was nig lit on the 21st day of De Muleton. waiting for the tanks to finish was feared that the fascists the brother of one of the chiefs cember. That day the 116th Brigade their work, they flung them would break our fines and reach of the 25th Division. As soon I he chiefs who have most did magnificent work, taking as he had seen his brother he distinguished themselves in all the positions which it had gave him important details re these operations are: Comman been ordered to occupy. These garding the rebel forces defend der Garcia Vivancos; Commis positions taken on the 15th, ser ing Teruel, which numbered sar Antonio Ejarque; Commis ved as starting point for the approximately 10.000 men. On sar of the 116th Division, final conquest of Teruel. The the following day, the biggest Econo; those of Division 117, battle was extremely hard battle took place on the road Barrios and Bretos and C ^* — fought and during all day the from Teruel to Cortes, in the and Carot of the 11th. All fight went on with the use main course of which, the 117th and militants of the CNT-FAI. Crtuoe L 11 ly of hand granades. The O %e*CR»C«£ 116th Brigade literally had to coMct/jTY % o dislodge the Fascists from their % I A Capitalist Newspaper ‘Sees trenches at the point of the bay onet. That same day, the other The Light’ Brigades belonging to the 25th A CUTTING from the TORONTO policies followed by those in power, Division, in company with other STAR, sent me by our Cana but they agree that to provoke in forces, attacked and took the dian comrades, proves that some ternal conflict at the present time, town of Concud, thus com Capitalist newspapers are begin whatever their motives, acually pletely surrounding and isolat ViLLei. ning to “see the light” as regards amounts to betrayal and serves the ing Teruel. On the 16th, a very the Anarchists in Spain. interests of international fas hea\y snow storm interrupted Under date of December 8th, the cism. But the libertarian move ment is free from all such stain.” the operations, but our forces Editor in referring to the Bulletin The heavy line shows the position to which the Spanish workers The comment of the Editor of held in spite of tbe bitter wea of the CNT-FAI, shows unusual had advanced when this report was written. The dotted line fairness. He also pays high tri the TORONTO STAR is that ther, all the positions so far oc indicates the point of the offensive. bute to our heroic comrade Cipri- though it is difficult to judge all cupied. During the first days ano Mera. Among other things, this from a distance, it is yet cer of the attack, the 116th Divi the Editor has discovered about the tain that “ the Spanish masses are forgetting their differences and are sion took a considerable num Anarchists, is that they “ feel that uniting to oppose the forces that ber of positions and ga\e shel governments interfere too much with the lives of the people” ... held them in bondage for centu ter to many civilian refugees. Mr. Attlee and the Spanish that these Anarchists “ include ries.” On the 17th, the 117th Brigade many sincere idealists” ... and that In other words, the man at the attacked the cemetery with the they think “ the common foe is helm of the TORONTO STAR, is aid of 20 tanks, and notwith Anarchists Franco’s fascism, and until that beginning to see the light. He standing that the tanks did not menace has been removed, they say does not seem to realise, however, The few times the “Daily Her order to elucidate them as to the all future friends of liberty shouldthat the CNT and the FAI are act with the precision required, ald’’ official organ of the Labour work being carried on by the stand together.” fighting Fascism, not because they the attack was carried out with Party, has mentioned the CNT- CNT-FAI. But nothing is ever The Editor quotes the Bulletin intend to exchange it for “demo great bravery, and all objectives FAI has it been in somewhat dis printed. Furthermore there exists of the CNT-AIT-FAI, as saying: cracy.” For well they know that were taken. On the 18th, tbe paraging terms. It is surprising a deplorable ignorance amongst the “ they still refer to the disastrous (continued on page 2, col. 1) 116th Brigade after a violent at therefore to read what Major editors and reporters as to the dif ferent organizations in Spain. One tack against the forces defend •Attlee, leader of the Labour oppo sition had to say when he was in newspaper which boasts that it has ing the cemetery, succeeded in terviewed by “ Castilla Libre ot the largest daily circulation in Gt. Political Persecution In Republican Spain occupying some of their de Valencia. Britain referred to “ Frente Rojo ” KATIALANDAU ARRESTED fences, which were found to be To the question “ Is the work the Communist Party controlled veritable fortresses constructed of the CNT known in England ” newspaper as being the “ organ of the Anarchists!” Barcelona, 17th December, 19S7. of concrete and stone. The he answered: “The CNT is known in my country. There is Major Attlee realizes that the QROM the CNT-FAI Bureau we learn that Katia Landau, wife of Kurt 118th Brigade which up to the some confusion as to the actu CNT is a great force and that its • Landau who was assassinated by the Communists, has been arrested 18lh had been kept in reserve, work in the struggle against Fasc ation of this popular force. But once more. “ On the 30th November she was set free from the hospital from a close range one realizes ism is little known in this country. Since his return from Spain, how in which she had been detained. She was liberated after having gone on CNT—Confederation National that the CNT has a great influ ever, he has done nothing to make a hunger strike and after having been visited by the Deputy Irujo who del Trabajo (National ence; it works for the popular known any facts concerning this Confederation of labour) cause in its role of a force ol the signed the order for her release. Since being released she revisited the proletariat.” organization. women’s prison to see a friend and most likely to collect her belongings. In FAI—Federation Anarquita de Actually, we are not at all sur Who creates the confusion? the prison yard she was detained by the Investigation agents. It appears Iberia (Anarchist Feder Letters have been directed to the prised by his silence! ation of Iberia). that she is being kept in solitary confinement.” Radical Press of this country in R. 2 SPAIN \ND THE WORLD. Stl. JANUARY, 1938

document because it roughly out Editorial lines the part played by the CNT- FAI. If we stress the part played by these organisations it is Peasant Collectivity of Balsareny not because we wish to pour military glory on the heads of our Spanish comrades. It TERUEL is because only too often has it Miners and Textile Workers Work For been said that they have not played The report from the Teruel front, an active role in the struggle which we publish on another page, against Franco. Even after the Revolution is an important document, in that Teruel victory La Vanguardia, a bring into cultivation the whole banks of the river, near the little it shows the major part played by ALSARENY is a big village of Spanish daily, now converted into plateau at once, but the portions house which shelters the motor the C.N.T.-F.A.I. in the struggle 3,000 inhabitants situated on a Government mouthpiece, dedi B cleared were sown as they went where hitherto bamboo raised their against Franco’s hordes. It is an the road from Manresa to Berga at cates its Editorial to representing along, thanks to one of the pea green stems to the sky in the answer to the critics. But we shall the extremity of this region cele Prieto, Negrin, and General Rojo sants of the collectivity who sup midst of the marshes, and which discuss this aspect later on. brated throughout the world for its the effort of solidarity of the min as “ forgers of the victory” with mines of potash. The population plied the seed free; this summer the obvious intention of consoli already we were able to see the ers has converted into veritable kit of Balsareny is chiefly of workers, chen gardens; once brought into a ★ dating the political position of the — miners, and textile workers; a fields reaped and the stacks of state of cultivation, these gardens We have always shown a great Government. But the Teruel vic short distance from the village is corn harvested. But these efforts were returned to the keeping of the optimism in the courage of the tory is a definite answer to the a potash mine, a Dutch enterprise, of the peasants were carried out peasants and the soil reclaimed Spanish workers, and the almost calumnies of Comorera and the under German protection, the uyider difficulties for lack of econo from the fury of the tumultuous complete capture of Teruel confirms other Communist Party representa works of which are not yet com mic means. Their comrades in the waters descending from the moun our optimism. But we must not tives who received orders to “ex pleted. other industries and principally the tain have already produced 150 forget one thing. Mussolini lives pose” the inactivity on the Aragon Fifteen peasant families of theminers, seeing all these difficulties by “ prestige.” The Abyssinian Front simply because it was being village formed themselves into acombined in the agreement to give sacks of potatoes. These figures speak little by themselves, but must campaign was for “ prestige ” not defended by the “uncontrollables” collectivity adhering to the CNT. them the maximum moral and ma only before his own countrymen of the CNT-FAI. All that these They contributed to it their lands terial support; the textile workers be compared with the time spent tn but also in the eyes of the world. “uncontrollables” asked for were to be worked in common, and have were left to their free will, whilst clearing and with the dimensions of Likewise the Spanish campaign, in Arms, Aeroplanes and Artillery undertaken to bring under cultiva the miners decided to contribute the gardens. which whole mechanized divisions with which to fight Fascism. They tion the property of a Fascist, each of theyn, 10 pesatas a week A little lower, af Mayolar, stret and infantry are being commanded have arrived at last. The results Augusto Mas, called the Puig d’- out of a wage of 60 to 70 pesatas, ched another marshy ground full of by Italian Generals, has also re have been victories at Belchite and Arcas. It is a domaiyi of about ayid to help by their personal stones carried down by the torrent; solved itself into a question of Teruel. Is it possible to say that 60 hectares, situated on a plateau labours in the developynent of the this ground measures about 200 by prestige. The defeat of the Italians these men who only three months above the village, and reserved by collectivity. 4 metres; the stones have been re at Guadalajara was followed by an ago were “ uncontrollables” have its former owner as a huntiyig They decided to increase the moved, a protecting wall has been “ Italian victory ” at Santander, become in that short space of time ground. The peasants, mindful of yield of the estate by irrigating thebuilt and the labour of the workers and in Italy, as was to be expected, “ disciplined soldiers of the Spanish has transformed it into another the former was denied whilst the Army” ? Have these “ uncontrol vegetable garden. lables ” used their arms to fight in Santander victory received front What an admirable example of the rear-guard? And since the an page publicity. Now Mussolini solidarity which, asking absolutely cannot suffer defeat in Spain and swer to these two questions is in the negative, the delay in bringing nothing from outside, increases the he will not unless his participation resources of the country by the about an offensive on this front is in the Spanish struggle be finally effort and privations of the work brought to a standstill by economic the responsibility of the Stalin- ers! At this moment, when the re bankruptcy in Italy or direct Negrin Government who conse sistance of republican Spain is also, action by the Italian people them quently must be held responsible on account of the blockade, of over selves. Then victories of the work for the fall of Northern Spain population, and of the criminal in ers will be viewed in a different which came, in part, through the ertia of the ivorkers of the demo light, in that they can be con enforced inactivity on the Aragon cratic countries, a problem of food, sidered victories which will be con Front. For it is obvious that the the workers and peasants grouped solidated and bring new victories Fascist reinforcements which have in the collectivities help to resolve until the day when Fascism will be now been brought up from the it, by their spirit of sacrifice and finally driven out of Spain. At the Northern front would have been by the fact that they are collec moment, in spite of the brilliant forced to carry out this movement action of the Spanish workers on months ago had there been activity tivised, for isolated they would have been unable to realise any the Teruel front, we cannot be cer on the Aragon front, and the pres tain of anything definite. As we sure in Bilbao, Gijon and Santander thing of this sort. What icould write these words some sections of would have been considerably re they not have done if they had the press quote reports coming lieved. found official, moral and financial from Spain which seem to indicate support! that enormous reinforcements have ★ The collectivised peasants of Bal been brought up by the Rebels ; Whether Teruel will be held by sareny, speak of their projects, con that “ nearly 200 Franco warplanes the anti-fascists depends on whe cerned with their responsibility. were counted in the sky at one mo ther Mussolini considers his “pres They are now preparing the ground ment,” and “ thirty tanks were used tige” at stake or not. If he does, for a harvest at least five times in one sector ” (Daily Herald). then more bombers and men will bigger than that of this year, for in Further, Barcelona admits that cer pour into Spain to intensify the on Spain, agricultural returns are in tain strategic points in the Teruel slaught. great part a problem of irrigation; sector have had to be abandoned, The future of Teruel also de their eyes sparkling with joy they though denying the fact that the pends on the quantity of arms at see the coming of the stream of Rebels have succeeded in entering the disposal of the Spanish work water which will permit of plant Teruel at any point ( News Chron ers. At the moment, as for the ing vegetables, maize, potatoes, of icle.) last eighteen months, they are which the village stands in need, During the past eighteen months limited, and wholly insufficient to and raising poultry. our hopes have been too often successfully cope with the ample The support which has been lent shattered for us to view the present supplies at Franco’s disposal. them, they are sure of finding battle with complete confidence as again in their difficult moments for to the final outcome. Oviedo was ★ it is in the spirit of the workers all but in the hands of the Asturian The Choral Union in London re of Balsareny to stand by the collec miners ; it was finally lost. In cently sang a Hymn of the Spanish tivities until the day when the Toledo the Rebels held out only in democracy in which is summed up social work dreamed of and re the Alcazar. They held out long what should be the attitude of In opened during the years of repres enough to be finally relieved, and ternational Labour: FASCISM IS SLAVERY! sion and anguish, shall be achieved, Toledo was lost for the Spanish “ The Spanish people’s army with that is to say till the day when the workers. matchless courage dares exploitation of man and the source May it be that the Spanish work To stand against the death the responsibility incumbent on plateau. By this effort of solidarity of all evils will have disappeared. ers’ superhuman sacrifices at Teru machines of Fascist millionaires. them in the moments of revolution it has been possible to begin, at the R. T amberet . el are not once more in vain. When right and wrong do battle, being traversed by Spain, to in suynmit of the plateau, the con (La Nouvelle Espagne neutrality’s a crime. crease to the utmost possible, the Anti-fasciste). ★ Support our Spanish comrades food resources of the country, set struction of a big reservoir of a and let us help in time.” themselves to work last winter to capacity of a thousand and a half THE BATTLE FOR TERUEL— The Labour Party and Front transform into cultivable ground million litres, which will serve to ...... ITS SIGNIFICANCE ...... Populaire would do well to remem the thickets and woods of the pro water it; the ivork is already far TO COLLECTORS Earlier on we stated that the ber these lines in their campaigns advanced. It was also necessary perty. Their effort icas already We still have a few bound article on Page 1 is an important for Spain. appreciable; they were not able to to carry out work which was necessary to allow of the distribu volumes of “ SPAIN AND tion of the water; a well, seven THE WORLD,” — Volume 1, A Capitalist Newspaper ‘Sees the The Editor also pays high tri was an humble brickmaker oyily a metres deep has been sunk beside Nos. 1-26. Light’ (continued from page 1) bute to the courage and valour of year-and-a-half ago.” the river Hobregat and the little PRICE: 7/6 (limp cover) some of the Anarchists: building to house the pumps and 10/- (stiff cover) it is Capitalism under whatever dis I fully appreciate these kind “ Some militant Anarchists are the motor has already been con POST PAID guise, which means the economic words, but I must add that most gaining distinction at the battle structed. The channel in which and political dependence of the of the heroes of the Spanish Revo Order now so as not to be front. One of these— Cipriano is to be placed the water-conduit of masses. The Spanish Anarchists lution and the Anti-Fascist strug disappointed! Mera—was a Madrid brickmaker in some hundred metres in height are, therefore, the only true Anti- gle were simple workingmen only July of last year. When the Army which connects the well with the Fascists because they are not de a year-an-a-half ago. Ascaso, revolted he forcibly resisted and ceived by the sickening nonsense of Durruti, M. Garcia Vivancos, who soon demonstrated unusual courage their allies about “ Democracy” and took Belchite and hundreds of SPAIN and the and organising ability. He became only served to subsidise others have shown the same gallan Liberal Government.” a Battalion Commander, then Brig works, but also to buy a 65 try as Mera. The CNT-FAI have made many ade Leader and later a Comman power motor and the pipes fo WORLD concessions for the time being. conduit. It mxist be noted der of a Division. As head of a At this writing, I received news Whether one agrees with them or these works have helped to rt Division, he is credited with desthat the 25th Division under Garcia not, one cannot deny them their the crisis of unemployment troying two Italian Divisons at Bri- Vivancos’ command, was the most Revolutionary fibre and their con which the building trades wert Fortnightly dedicated to huega. Subsequently he took a daring in helping to take Teruel. secration to the task of safe prominent part in the battle of fering; the complete projet the anti-Fascist struggle guarding their constructive revolu Brunete in which the Government Not one of the men mentioned work involves an expenditui and the Social Revolu tionary achievements. That, more launched its first major offensive. care for honours or rewards; they 100,000 pesatas of which 40,001 than anything else, is the driving As a reward for his achievements are inspired by their vision of a already been payed by Septe tion in Spain. The Spanish Revolution now in on that occasion, he was given the new social order based on freedom 1st. If we had to take intc progress, regardless of all attempts command of an Army Corps. Thus and well-being for all. To help the couyit all the hands which Price 2d.; For U.S.A., 5 cents. to crush it, will help to realise the one of the leading Generals of the Spanish people to realise that taken part, the net cost wow wuc/i higher; yxiany workmen, All correspondence and mon- vision of a fresh society, for which Spanish people against the profes vision is greatest reward for the eys to be sent to the Editors, the CNT and the FAI are fighting sional Spanish and Italian soldiers Anarchists in Spain. day’s task over and on Sun and the WORLD,” have collaborated in this s and dying. who command the Rebel Armies E.G. " ,ute'vay Colony, nr. Stroud, work. They have even clearer Glos., England. SPAIN AND THE WORLD. 5th JANUARY, 1938 3

glad tidings from Moscow of the Trade Unions. It must be indeed. The question only is under date of November 27th admitted he had no easy task. “ What war? and which kind of about the pact between the Soviet Rozanov, Tomsky and a few others against war also to include Stalin’s Sequel To The Loss of Trade Unions and the International fought to maintain the rights of Federation of Trade Unions (Am the workers within their Trade Un Imperialist designs? And is his sterdam International) shows once ions. They tried, again and again, Dictatorship (which only differs more the staying power of a myth. to infuse new life into them, and from Hitler’s and Mussolini’s by to wrest from Stalin the right to Northern Spain The Soviet Trade Unions have direct themselves the affairs of the its colour) to be included in the long ago ceased to exist as a living Labour organisations. But the struggle against Fascism? Far T HE Communist Minister in the ting. One even goes so far as to body, as have indeed all other or iron master proved stronger than from it. In point of fact, Stalin Basque Government having its conclude with that Government an ganisations that have played their them. Rozanov, at the age of is willing to make a pact with the seat in Barcelona was expelled Agreement regarding Fishing part in the Russian Revolution. As 80, was exiled, and all his interpre very people whom he dragged from the Communist Party on the which was far from favourable to long ago as 1920, they had been tations of Marx were destroyed. through the mire not so long ago. ground that he supported the “ re the Republican Government, only degraded into a mere cog in the Tomsky, as is generally known, was What is a pact with “ social patri actionary policy of the Catholic apparently to put a few more de wheel of the Soviet machinery. Nor quite recently driven to suicide — ots,” “ counter-revolutionists ” and Basque Government and thus had lectable morsels before the now was it Stalin who had shorn the no doubt preferring it to execution. other such fancy “ denominations ” a share in the guilt for the loss of breadless Basque politicians—per Bilbao and of the whole of Nor haps as a reward for their having thern Spain.’’ This decision of the entrusted the fortification of Bilbao /Communist Party might have been to a member of the Fascist Army praiseworthy were it not for the who at the decisive moment went fact that six months had elapsed over to Franco’s camp together The Staying Power of A Myth .since, or that one did not know that with the plans. Soviet Trade Unions of their plu Numerous other champions of the compared with Stalin’s brazen re it would be practically impossible mage. It was Lenin who in the principle of Independence for the versal of all revolutionary values for the Basque Minister to act It is significant that in the Ne famous controversy in that year Soviet Trade Unions suffered the worth? On top of the betrayal of without the consent of his Party grin Government there is still a about the functions of Trade Uni the Russian Revolution, the savage since they lay so much stress on representative of the Catholic onism under the Dictatorship had extermination going on continuous obedience to Party discipline. Basques, who at most can really declared that the only function of ly of the old Bolshevik guard now By this belated expulsion the only represent the interests of the the Trade Unions was to be a follows the sacrifice of the Spanish Communist Party only con Pope, while the two great mass or school for communism. One of his Revolution and the Anti-Fascist demns its own policy. The ac- ganisations of the CNT and the many opponents among the old Emma Goldman struggle, and last but by no means custaion of having a share in the UGT, have been simply overlooked Marxists at the time was Rozanov. least, the sacrifice of his own care guilt for the loss of the whole of in this Popular Front Government. He insisted that Trade Unionism fully built up Chinese Communist Northern Spain is so grave that On the other hand, the Basque must continue to safeguard the same fate. Since then'all life has Army. The calumny and lies about the mere expulsion of the individ Minister, Irujo, has shown great ac rights of the workers. For giving been squeezed out of the trade a few trade union leaders is mere ual responsible for it must surely tivity: he is indeed the most re expression to such “heresy” he was unions, till they became a mere child’s play — Stalin knows what be regarded as a very mild pun actionary element in this Govern promptly suspended from all parti corpse, a shadow of their former he is about: in making the Cit ishment. The CNT now demands ment; each day he issues a new cipation in the Soviet Trade Uni selves, only to be revived and rines, Jouhaux, the Schevenels and a proper investigation into this degree: first it is the opening of ons. trailed out for show on those oc Unions in Soviet Russia still have matter by a proper court of justice. the Churches; then the re-intro casions when Trade Unionists from living fibre, he hopes eventually to Then it is possible that it will be duction of the Judge’s toga in the other countries come on a visit to A year later Lenin— yes, and get these leaders to act as recruit revealed that the real culprit was People’s Courts, and thereby brings the Soviet Republic. Trotsky—upraided in no mistaken ing agents not merely against Ca the Communist Party itself in about the destruction of the revo pitalist wars but also of the “holy ” whose name the Basque Minister lutionary achievements in the terms the first Labour opposition As far as the Socialist Republic led by Kolontay and Shliapnikov. itself is concerned, however, the war in defence of his Empire and carried on his “reactionary poli sphere of Spanish Jurisprudence. bloodstained Dominion which can tics,” as it is literally stated in the Their opposition was mainly Trade Unions have to all intents against the bureaucracy, particu and purposes ceased to exist. well compare with Hitler’s and declaration of the Party. In this Mussolini’s. respect we would agree with the larly in the Soviet Trade Unions. HAVE YOU SENT A As punishment for this offence, Is it possible that Messrs. Jou- Communist Party, with the excep haux, Citrine and the rest are un A myth has tremendous staying tion however, that we should not CONTRIBUTION TO Shliapnikov as a “ peeved Com power. For twenty years the Rus missar” (the actual term used by aware of this state of affairs in require seven months to pass be OUR ORPHANS’ FUND? regard to the Russian Trade Uni sian myth has benumbed the minds fore we recognised the guilt and Lenin in regard to him) was exiled and blunted the sensibilities of the to the Caucasus for a “ cure,” while ons. Or can it be that they have should have fought against the re become a party to this outrageous intelligentsia and many of the actionary Basque Government at Kolontay was at first put under workers. The corpse that has now “house arrest” and subsequently deception as to the condition of the time when Bilbao and Northern To Make Known the Trade Unions in Soviet Russia? been propped up to appear as a Spain could still have been saved. given a diplomatic job outside of living body is an additional proof THE TRUTH Russia, as likely to render her less Whatever it is, Messrs. Jouhaux, The Negrin Government, how Citrine and the others have, it that the myth goes on. All the “At Port Talbot last Sunday, troublesome than if she were al ever, still appears to be of a dif would appear, fallen into Stalin’s more reason to cry out against the ferent opinion. For, while the December 19th, about 40 copies lowed to stay on in the so-called of “Spain and the World” were trap. He will tie them to the deception and to show it up as the •Council of Asturia and Leon was socialist Republic. The rank and delusion and snare which is Soviet disposed of. The number here file of that pioneer opposition were “ corpse ” and will not let them go most shamefully calumniated by at Neath, who are taking them until the whole of the Trade Union Russia. Only when the workers in from me regularly is about four among the first of the Bolsheviks Prieto and later dissolved by Ne ranks is infested with its putrid every country will realise this, will grin because its “ administrative teen. If something similar was to begin the weary tramp to the real unity be achieved — real unity the case throughout the country newly created concentration camps. odour. function was at an end,” the Bas we would have a tidy circulation. in the struggle against every shade que Government which was in the S. Mainwaring.” The “ pact ” is supposed to aim of Fascism and for the only war same position for a much longer Neath. After Lenin’s death, Stalin con at the workers’ unity against War worth fighting for—the Defence of period is allowed to go on vegeta tinued the process of emasculation and Fascism. Very commendable the Social Revolution.

altogether inaccessible to him. His 488 full pages of text might Pages From History /, jT^ /y have contained a wonderful scholarly resume of the early Russian materials unearthed by Kornilov, Polonsky and others, of the 1848-49 materials as lately studied by Nikolayewski, etc., of the socialist and internationalist materials copiously An English Life of Bakunin presented and examined since 1894 and of certain discoveries of his own, such as the Koe diary which actually reproduces some of Bakunin’s saying whilst crossing from Japan to San Francisco in 1861 (p. 234). But does the book come up to these minimal exigencies? A REVIEW OF PROFESSOR CARR’S BOOK There lacking a preface, I turned to his account on manu script and published sources. It begins with a gross mis Man, with Ambrose Caston Cuddon, an individualist anarchist, statement which could easily have been avoided, as Mr. Carr welcomed Bakunin on January 10, 1862. The latter was was in communication with me, had replies to all his ques By MAX NETTLAU slightly acquainted with Bradlaugh and others in 1862, with tions and had also come to see me personally. Cowell Stepney, the treasurer of the International in 1869, I. also with some Americans like the senator Charles Sumner “The largest collection of Bakunin manuscripts is the one THE following article, the first of a series of three, is more when he passed a few weeks in the Eastern States in 1861. made by Dr. Nettlau of Vienna, which has recently passed ’ than a book review. It is a carefully documented answer to Prof. A co-operative paper printed an extract from his letter to the into the possession of the International Institute for Social E. H. Carr’s book “ Michael Bakunin” (Macmillan & Co., Lon Democratie of Paris (1868). B. R. Tucker (Boston) trans History of Amsterdam.” Is it too much to expect that this don, 1937. 501 pp.) and contributed by Max Nettlau, who is generally acknowledged as one of the greatest living authorities on Bakunin. lated his God and the State (1883) and H. Seymour circulated statement be corrected, if further copies of the book are prin There may be some readers who consider that at the present this text with an English cover (Tunbridge Wells, 1883). The ted? The Amsterdam Institute has nothing to do with these time the pages of “ Spain and the World ” should all be devoted to present writer first explained the origin or this memorable manuscripts which were not “ collected” by me, but are held in problems of the day. We would be inclined to agree were we fragment in an appendix to Thomas Cantwell’s reprint of trust by me. “It (that collection) has not yet been classified,” certain that this detailed criticism of Prof. Carr's interpretation of Bakunin would reach the English reading public by some other Tucker’s translation (The Commonweql edition of 1894); he he continues, whilst every page of these manuscripts, every channel. We cannot envisage however, Macmillan publishing this also restored the original text from the manuscript in the fragment and scrap is described in the proper place in my Bio text in pamphlet form, nor may we hope that any Capitalist news Freedom edition of 1910 of Tucker’s translation). This text, graphy of Bakunin (1898-1900), a description based on study paper will consider printing it as a review. Their reviews on such I presume, was reprinted by Mother Earth (New York) some and arrangement which certainly amounts to classification. subjects are generally written by men who are not acquainted with years later. Other reprints reproduce the Boston text. As a the material, and their criticisms therefore, do not seek the truth Of the “manuscripts of a personal character left by Baku curiosity I mention that a publishing office calling itself the of each statement but concentrate on the literary style and form. nin at his death,” Mr. Carr states that: “None of them have The review which appeared in the “ Manchester Guardian ” is a “ Bakunin Press” thought proper to issue a so-called “slightly been published, and it is not known whether they have been perfect example of this kind of criticism. abridged” edition of this work (Glasgow, 1920). Tucker’s preserved.” Here he is mistaken, as precisely these In printing this series of articles we wish to serve two purposes. translation of The Political Theology of Mazzini appeared in The first, to give a detailed analysis of the book. The second to papers have been shown to me in abundance and I used them Liberty (Boston) in the eighties, whilst unpublished extracts Point to the distortions, inaccuracies and mistatements which per all and reproduced not a few in the manuscript supplement vade books written by men who have little or no sympathy with the from the sequel of God and the State were published by my subject they treat. Another book has been published in this country of the Biography (1903-5), which I placed at the disposal of self in Tochatti’s Liberty in 1894-95. This is about all which James Guillaume who took any quantity of material, extracts, on the “ Anarchists in Russia,” and being written by a communist, has been accessible to English readers on Bakunin’s life and *"e Beneral tone and angle from which the subject has been viewed etc., from them and inserted them in his four volumes b ’Inter- ideas, apart from occasional articles by Kropotkin (1914) etc., can be readily imagined. Here again Bakunin is treated unsympa nationale (1905-10) which is, of course, a principal source of thetically (as is natural) and those who read these books, and who and several discussions by myself on the subject of the so- Mr. Carr’s book. He describes these facts in these utterly are ignorant of actual facts and documents must necessarily form called “Confession” of 1851, printed when Freedom was edited false opinions. Max Nettlau has written a Life of Bakunin, utilising misleading words (p. 491): “These volumes also contain quo a*l the inumerable documents and papers at his disposal. This by Thomas Keell. tations from unpublished Bakunin manuscripts in Dr. Nett- monumental work, manuscript copies of which are to be found in This is very little compared with the long and large ac Zau’s collection.” No, they do not. These jquotations from many National libraries of the world, lies at the disposal of a future tivities of Bakunin, his many writings, the widespread evi Publisher. Until then we must content ourselves with his criticisms materials^.passed into the possession of his (Bakunin’s) wife, of other men’s works on Bakunin. In themselves, these criticisms dence and historical researches available. This truly inter and of which Mr. Carr said: “and it is not kown whether are small masterpieces of detail and careful study.—Editors. national subject requires familiarity with publications in Rus they have been preserved” cannot, obviously, have been taken sian, German, French, Polish, Czech, Swedish, Italian, Span from manuscripts “ in Dr. N^ttlau’s collection,” as Mr. _Carr ish and, for certain particulars, several other languages like states on p. 491, whilst, on p. 489, he ignores whether such The previous publications on Bakunin’s life in England Rumanian and Bulgarian. Hence Michael Bakunin by E. H. papers have been preserved! were mainly an account by Alexander Herzen in the Kolokol C arr , 501 pages, is a real novelty to English readers, a book He further states (p. 491) that Guillaume for his book ranslated in The Cosmopolitan Review (London), February on a scale providing a frame to incorporate the essence of (1905-10) used “manuscripts in his own possession, which he L 1862, pp. 566-67; also in The Working Man, March, 1862 immense materials. Yet, as I will try to show, it is extremely subsequently destroyed.” He did not dream of destroying H t nyy Seymour in The Anarchist (London), January 1, 1886 Mr. Carr has a most fluent knowledge of Rus have them placed in a public library in France, and I have based on Liberty, Boston, November 26, 1881), reprinted as sian and none of the other languages, nor publications, are (continued on next page) an 8'Page pamphlet in 1888. The committee of The Working 4 SPAIN AND THE WORLD, 5th JANUARY, 1938

TH IS is the “ self-styled ” des reached an almost absurd degree OUR BALANCE SHEET cription of the Republican with the loud clamouring for unity with the Anarchists. income Government. However, the tension The CNT, on the other hand, is Subscriptions: which had existed for some time COUNTER-REVOLUTION Oxford: C.F. (per R.S.C.) 2/6; Conn., between Prieto’s Socialist wing and fully aware as to what to make of U.6.A.: E.P. 5/-; Boston: D.G. 4/-; Co. this disgraceful opportunism, ap Durham: G Fryar 4/6; New Milford, the Communist Ministers, has U.S.A.: S. Kerr 4/-; London: P. Daw- lately become acute. The main pearing as it does in sharp contrast ------AT WORK------son 2/6; London: W. Wood 2/6; Sur- reason for this being the question with the systematic and violent at bit on: J. Grant 5/-; London: R. S. Can as to what position should be taken tacks continuously levelled against 4/6; London: G.B. (per R.S.C.) 2/6; our Organisation by the Commu Detroit, Mich.: (per E. Vivas) S. Otal up towards the English plan (i.e.: Anti-Fascist Fighter Arrested 4/-; A. Delgado 4/-; F. Riberas 2/6; recalling of volunteers and recogni nists until quite recently, attacks R. Crespo 2/6; A. Otal 26; R. Louzara tion of Franco), especially in view which though not made openly in FRANCISCO MAROTO difficulties, the militiamen with Maroto 2/6; A. Mori 2/6; Johannesburg: F. Bo- the press, still continue in fact at their head, stormed the important sazza 5/-; Paris: M.G. 2/6; Essex: M. of the fact that the U.S.S.R. had COMMANDER OF THE CNT ARMY position of Guejar Sierra, where they Wade* 2/6; Middlx.: J. G. Auton* 2/6; suddenly and unreservedly expres Seeing the dire results of their In some of the newspapers there captured quantities of munitions, rif London: P. W. Auton* 2/6 (*per L. sed itself in agreement with that policy of disruption and absorption, appeared a brief notice announcing les, etc., left behind by the Fascists. Driver); Paris: R.A. 3/-; Illinois: H. plan. The Spanish Communists the Communists are now bent on the arrest of Francisco Maroto. This With the aid of this improved equip Matthewson 4/-; Palestine: Aftkin Rea ingratiating themselves with the is the second time he has been arres ment, they captured one after another: ding Hall 2/6; London: T.P.W. 3/-. now have to support Russia’s ted by the Communist Police of An Cerro de los Avellanos, Puntal de la —£4/5/0 treachery. True, they often hesi CNT, probably having in view some dalusia. When first arrested, he was Morena, Cerro de la Plata, Cerro de Sales* tate to acknowledge it openly: new political speculation. kept -in prison for several months Buenavista, de las Granjas, Los Laton- London: E. Man f2/9/0; H. Miller The reply of the CNT to this without any trial, until the authorities their newspapers still rage against ares, etc.—all fine stragetic positions 1/-; W. Farrer £1/2/6; Irish Sympa change of attitude of the Commu were forced, owing to pressure from which are of enormous importance to thiser 1/-; London Freedom Group England’s reactionary politics, as if the masses, to release him. It may day to the Republican Army. They 17/8; R. 1/3; G. Slensent 5/-; Sundries nothing else had happened in the nists is quite definite and unequivo be appropriate here to say a few words did not succeed iu capturing Granada. 1/-; S. C. Davies 5/-; A. R. £1/4/7; T. meantime. As a matter of fact, a cal: Proofs, guarantees are needed about this Army Chief of the CNT: In the meantime, the Fascists had re C. Red (per W. F.) 1/-; Anon 6d; W.W. ceived reinforcements from Cordoba, 6/-; Glasgow: W. McDougall 15/-; F. During the first days of the Fascist the first Italian bombers made their Leech £3/0/0; Stroud: T. H. Keell rebellion, soon after a handful of com appearance, while the CNT column had £1/5/0; Southend: M. Kavanagh 8/-; rades of the CNT-FAI had stormed the only itself upon which to rely. As at Plymouth: T. Edmunds 10/-; Bristol: ‘Strong Government’ Weakening rebellious barracks of Alicante, they other Fronts, the Government neglec C. Lewis 5/-; Plaistow: W. Brewster marched on to Granada in order also ted to supply the CNT with weapons, 10/-; Johannesburg: L. Sapire £2/5/0; to free this town, where the Fascists munitions and other equipment. But Bookshop £1; New York: W. Starrett split has virtually taken place with Communist Party really is in earn had taken up their positions. They the Column with its Commander Ma 4/-; Los Angeles: Dr. J. Holtz 13/10; est on the question of co-operation were animated by tremendous enthu roto, was so popular with the masses in the Government. Meanwhile, Toronto: Libertarian Group (per D. — assurances in the press alone are siasm which gave them irresistible that it was constantly being supplied Giesecke) 16/-. the influence of the Communist courage and energy. But they hardly with provisions by way of voluntary —£18/7/4 Party in Spain is visibly waning: not enough, after all that has taken had any arms at all, still less munitions. gifts. Once they even received a whole Solidarity Fund: its usual tactics have failed in re place. Let them prove it by their Will and courage are important fac transport consisting of 600 complete (Previously Acknowledged £156/13/8) actions; actions only will be taken tors, but not decisive in battle. They Field Equipments. Maroto and his Bristol: J. Richfield 3/8; London: lation to Negrin and Prieto. As a stormed Granada, utterly disregarding men are known and popular among Tab 10/-; London: Libertarian 10/-; significant indication of this can be into account when a rapproche the unequal forces, but wholly inspired all agricultural workers in the Pro Haverhill, Mass.: per O. Branchi 8/-; regarded the dismissal of Alvarez ment is considered. by their ideal of freedom. vince—he is a true leader of the peo Youngstown, Ohio: per S. Antonini del Vayo, Chief Commissar of the Though late, the Communists are ple, whose head was not turned by the £1/0/8; London: R. S. Carr 3/-; Bel The Maroto Column marched ahead transformation of his Column into the fast: H. Compton 5/-; Johannesburg: Republican Army. Hitherto the bound to come to realise whither halting at Guadix. There the people 147th and 89th Brigades, as also by F. Bosazza 5/-; Steubenville, Ohio: (per Communists had traded upon their their chaotic and disruptive activi were in a very pessimistic mood, the many military distinctions bes N. Corrado) Lozano $1; Firano 50c.; understanding with Del Vayo, ex ties have led them: not only did which was fostered by stories of terror towed upon him. Maroto is a Revo Corrado $1; D’Alonzo 50c.; Garcia 50c.; ploiting it for the purpose of mak they directly strengthen the chan reported by the fugitives from Grana lutionary, equally beloved of his men — 13/-; Glasgow: D. MacKay 2/-; Al da. But with the arrival of the CNT as of the population. Therefore he is lentown, Pa.: per M. Luccetti 12/-; ing propaganda for their Party in ces of Fascism by the demoralisa Column, they cheered up. The sight a danger to the Republic! Hence his London, W.12: S. Llewellyn 10/-; Not the Army. tion of the Anti-Fascist fighters, of these determined fighters induced arrest in the Spring of 1937, and now tingham: H. Mace 2/6; Victoria, Aus What we said above is not to be but they likewise enabled the re many of the fugitives and local in for the second time. tralia: J. Fleming 10/-; Mundesley: S. habitants to join the Maroto Column, V. Pearsons 5/-; Newcastle, Australia: taken, however, as implying a final actionaries within our own ranks which at once proceeded on its march But Maroto’s records and achieve H. Jones 3/-; Hambledon, Australia: collapse of the Government coali once more to raise their heads. in advance, until they encountered ser ments will remain for ever. To have List 260 (per P. Giacosa) P. G. A10/-; tion. The international situation In fine contrast to the vascilla- ious opposition from the Fascists, who recaptured a whole Province for the F. Fantini A5/-; G. Colpo A4/-; A. Cor- owing to the topographical conditons, Cause of Anti-Fascism, and to have imposes reserve, and it certainly tions of the Communists and the were holding almost unassailable posi radi A10/-; E. Costa A5/-. — £1/5/6. established the Granada Front in posi —£7/8,/4 does not mean the end of the Gov other politicians, the CNT stead tions. The mouutains around Grana tions, where our troops are able to re ernment's reactionary politics, see da are the highest in Spain, reaching sist the most desperate attacks, and EXPENDITURE fastly continues to maintain its a height of 3,000 metres, and are per where they can even threaten Granada Deficit c/forward ...... £95 3 9 ing that it is almost entirely com point of view, namely: that th& haps the wildest and most rugged to whenever the Army Commanders re Printing No. 23 ...... 14 0 6 posed of reactionary elements. But honest co-operation of allanti- be found in Europe. Despite these gard it as opportune. Postages ...... 2 19 3 the latest events show how uncer Blocks ...... 1 4 0 Fascist forces— excluding all dic Printing No. 24 ...... 14 0 6 tain the position of the Spanish tatorial tendencies of individual Postages ...... 3 0 11 Communists really is; their in sectors—is the sole guaranty en A PUBLIC MEETING Blocks ...... 1 17 0 fluence is due not to their popu suring victory over Fascism. Printing No. 25/26 ...... 23 17 6 larity with the masses, but solely Postages ...... 4 12 6 We will see whether, under pres AT to the fact of their having a large Blocks ...... 2 2 10 sure of the adverse happenings, the Typist & Sundries ...... number of representatives in Gov 3 13 3 Communists will now radically s CONWAY HALL, RED LION SQUARE ernment positons. This they change their methods and activi (Nearest Underground: Holborn) 166 12 0 achieved exclusively as a result of Income ...... 30 0 8 ties, not merely their words, but outside pressure. ON from the point of view of actual FRIDAY, 14™ JANUARY, 1938 Deficit £136/11/4 One consequence of the continued co-operation with all anti-Fascist p ousting of Communists, in which forces, whereby the Cause can only AT 8.0 P.M. pressure from England plays a cer gain. FOR THE PUBLICATION OF tain part, is shown in the sudden SPEAKERS: CAM1LLO BERNERI'S WORKS: assurances of friendship of the Published by Thos. H. Keell, Whiteway Teddington: Herbert Tracey £1/1/0; Communist Party towards the Colony, nr. Stroud, Gloucester, on Janu EMMA GOLDMAN Lewes: Richard Kelly £1/1/0 — Total T he Nahod CNT, assurances which have ary 5th, 1938, and printed by A (Accredited "Representative of the C.N.T.-F.A.I) £2 / 2 / 0. Press (T.U.), 129-131, Bedford Street, which will go to show that the London, E.i. ETHEL MANNIN (I.L.P.) We have published in this issue our - balance sheet to the end of December, , SUBJECT and as readers will note, the deficit I is the largest we have incurred to date. SUPPORT “ SPAIN and the W O R L D ” THE BETRAYAL OE THE SPANISH PEOPLE W’e are beginning the 1938 series of “Spain and the World” with a deficit In the Chair: RALPH BARR (C.N.T.-F.A.I. London Bureau) which is already more than the Editors by sending your subscription can shoulder. The position is serious, N ADMISSION FREE and we ask all those comrades who 13 issues 2 /6 , U.S.A. 10.60 post paid have written to us during the past (Meeting held under the auspices of C.N.T.-F.A.I. Bureau, year, saying how much they enjoy our 26 „ 4/6, U.S.A. $1.00 „ „ 21 Frith Street, London, VV.l.) publication, to bring us their solidarity as well as that of their friends.

Thus he says (p. 300): “ Bakunin had come to Italy an should the unreliability of Bakunin’s own subsequent state Art English Life of ardent disciple of Italian nationalism.” Closer study has ments be asserted ? He gaveyW in 1873, a remarkably clear shown that he was just then, after the Polish experience, ut account of these facts in a Russian book and what he wrote terly tired of any nationalism. Garibaldi was to him a revo in 1866 to Herzen, tallies with this account. There was a Bakunin % lutionary power useful as such which at one time he may continuity ever since 1864 whatever the ups and downs of a (Continued from Previous Page) have dreamed to direct toward Slav liberation. Mazzini voluntary group may have been, which some left in disagree helped to see this done. Here Mr. Carr’s statement of des was a nationalist statesman with whom he never felt com ment, others joined, whilst a few more formed a steady, con fortable. truction is a vague and erroneous recollection of the fact prin tinuous stock. The group practically ended with the death ted by Guillaume with full precision, that he destroyed in Had he ever “ toyed with the idea of a popular monarchy” ? of Malatesta, in 1932, who had been connected with this milieu 1898 a certain personal document written by Bakunin in 1874, p. 300.) He has explained that he had just wished to show that since 1871. At times, Mr. Carr is very critical, thus when the Memoire referred to on p. 470. a monarchy cannot act so as to be popular. U/ he writes (p. 311): “ it is possible— though not particularly After observing in these several instances, glaring ex It is a cheap triumph to ^escribe the milieu of Bak probable that some of the Florentine brothers belonged to amples of inexact statements, which some more care, some unin by the words of casual visitors who remained strangers later societies created by him [Bakunin].” We have every minor degree of positiveness of facts not familiar to outsiders, to him, or of young men who felt attracted by him, and who reason to think that Berti Calura, the goldsmith, and Maz- but still easily accessible, would have permitted to state with were to weak to think and work on his level and lines, and zoni, of Prato, the lawyer, remained in touch with Bakunin precision, how, then, can I attach faith to ever so many less then kept away or followed other stars— all the Gue, Melch- up to 1871, if not longer. known or controversial facts stated in this big volume? nikov, Modestov, De Gubernatis, Vyrubov and others. Surely there are few men in public life whose private and Bakunin is always wrong in this book. “ The secrecy which may or may not have been written at this time” 0 public papers have been laid so frankly and openly before the and ritual of Masonry retained their appeal for Bakunin” Sorrento, 1865; p. 312)— this passage shows that Mr. Carr hi world, than those concerning Bakunin, have been, since the (p. 303), and he is blamed for the formalism of his rules for not read even the first note of my Biography, where it nineties to this day, and this work still continues. An author organisations. But when we see by the very words of De stated that in this manuscript, an address given in 1868 who has the opportunity to publish 500 pages on this subject, Gubernatis and Vyrubov, how informal and broadminded the mentioned; hence, it may not have been written in 1865. N< can be expected to be better informed on the question of manu milieu of his groups really was “ his amazingly casual meth VVaSQ^erWe^^1 aPer fifteen years of respectableretirement scripts and letters which are such an abundant basis of what ods” of recruiting Geneva workers for the Alliance section (p. 312-3), so quite extinct in 1865, as he had not a few dea we can expect to get of glimpses at the real man and his meet with criticism (p. 348). mgs with Lassalle, but a few years ago. thoughts! Let me try however, to give the book a fair trial. I There is no doubt that Bakunin’s secret society was foun 8ftRNot a word on the Italian publications, La Situazione < began reading at the Chapter Florence (1864), because this ded in Florence between February and June or July, 1864, yet lobb, etc., nor on the association Liberta e Giustizia and i' and the consecutive parts are best accessible to the Western Mr. Carr writes (p. 308) that “here [in Paris], for the first organ 24 pages on Florence and Naples ought to have pe student, both by two Italian books, Mazzini e Bakunin by Dr. time, (so far as our records go), he began to canvas for themitted ten times over to describe these and other Italian a N ello R osselli (the anti-fascist, murdered in France), Turin, formation of a secret revolutionary Brotherhood ” “How fartivities, as the foundations of Italian anarchist socialism, fir: 1927, viii, 444 pp.); and Bakunin I’Internazionale in Italia dalthis step was inspired by his conversation with Marx [in Lon traced by the thought and inspiration of Pisacane, were lai 1867 al 1872, by myself (Geneva, II Risveglio, 1928, xxxi, 397 in those years. Barren chapters! Bakunin met for the la: don] or by desire to help the newly founded International A pp.); written from September to November, 1926, with a long must remain a matter for conjecture.” I consider such state time of his brothers, Paul, and his wife, Natalie Korsjfko preface by Malatesta; — and by James Guillaume, L’lnter- ments an unwarranted upsetting of established facts to whom we owe the preservation of the early family record nationale. . . (Paris, 1905-1910, 4 vol., of Lix and 1,323 with no scrap of evidence in its favour. Elisee Reclus told me &r> 'Ve now’ met and parted on cordial terms (1865 pp. of close print). I just note a few points which strike me in of his and others reception in the society at that time, and Mr Larr says: ‘Michael no doubt continued to importuneh Mr. Carr’s chapters, as conflicting with serious and copious there was no question of this just being the beginning-, the vother about his share of the family estate” (p. 312). So I evidence which is obviously too long to be produced here in initial steps of a new body. Before coming to Paris, he had remember a wrong done him for more than 30 years meal ] detail certainly enlisted Alfred Talandier in London, etc. Why o importune” the rich family, o f this, more will follow. (to be continued)